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class="mw-page-title-main">Irreligion in Sweden</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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75.011106963046px 0 0; border-top-color:Orchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Orchid"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:57.757270342227px 81.633925071718px 0 0; border-top-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:39.13736668372px 92.023184736587px 0 0; border-top-color:RoyalBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:RoyalBlue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religious affiliation in Sweden (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-statistik2019_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistik2019-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-svenskakyrkan_stats_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-svenskakyrkan_stats-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:RoyalBlue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Sweden">Lutheranism</a> (56.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DodgerBlue; color:black;"> </span> Other Protestants (3.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Orchid; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a> (1.7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Indigo; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Sweden" title="Catholic Church in Sweden">Catholicism</a> (1.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DeepSkyBlue; color:black;"> </span> Other Christian (0.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Sweden" title="Islam in Sweden">Islam</a> (1.9%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Yellow; color:black;"> </span> Other Religions (0.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Honeydew; color:black;"> </span> Unaffiliated (34.8%)</div> </div> </div></div><p><b>Irreligion</b> is common in Sweden, and Sweden is one of the most secular nations in the world. The majority of Swedish citizens are members of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">Church of Sweden</a>, but very few are practicing members. Sweden has legally been a <a href="/wiki/Secular_state" title="Secular state">secular state</a> since 2000 when the Church of Sweden was separated from the state. </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Sweden&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Lennstrand" title="Viktor Lennstrand">Viktor Lennstrand</a> was cited as one of the founders of <a href="/wiki/Freethought" title="Freethought">Freethought</a> in Sweden after he was imprisoned several times in the 1880s and 1890s for blasphemy.<sup id="cite_ref-Freethinker_Obituary_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freethinker_Obituary-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1960s, debate took place over the role of religion in Swedish society. <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Tingsten" title="Herbert Tingsten">Herbert Tingsten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ingemar_Hedenius" title="Ingemar Hedenius">Ingemar Hedenius</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Heckscher" title="Gunnar Heckscher">Gunnar Heckscher</a> were notable irreligious voices at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Humanists_Sweden" title="Humanists Sweden">Humanists Sweden</a> was founded in 1979 and is currently the largest <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">humanist</a> organization in Sweden.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Swedish government has passed several secular reforms over the years: a legal opt-out of the previously mandatory membership of the Swedish church was allowed in 1951; automatic membership by birth with at least one parent member in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">Church of Sweden</a> ─ the organization's enrollment practice since the 1850s ─ ended in 1996; and the Church of Sweden was formally separated from the state on 1 January 2000, leaving Sweden as, at the time, "the only <a href="/wiki/Nordic_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic country">Nordic country</a> without a <a href="/wiki/State_church" class="mw-redirect" title="State church">state church</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Sweden&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sweden is considered one of the world's most <a href="/wiki/Secularization" title="Secularization">secular</a> nations, with a high proportion of <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">irreligious</a> people.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Phil_Zuckerman" title="Phil Zuckerman">Phil Zuckerman</a>, an associate professor of Sociology at <a href="/wiki/Pitzer_College" title="Pitzer College">Pitzer College</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Zuckerman_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zuckerman-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> writes that several academic sources have in recent years placed <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheism</a> rates in Sweden between 46% and 85%, with one source reporting that only 17% of respondents self-identified as "atheist".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gallup Poll found in 2016 that 18% of Swedes self-report as atheist and 55% as non-religious.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sweden's official website says that just three out of 10 Swedes state that they have confidence in the church. According to the site, only one in ten Swedes thinks religion is important in daily life or has trust in a religious leader.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">Church of Sweden</a> states that under 5 out of 10 children are christened in the church, around 1 out of 3 weddings take place in church, and around three out of four Swedes have Christian burials.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the 70% of the population who are members of the Church of Sweden, about 6% "are active churchgoers attending services at least once a month". Many of the Swedes that attend church do it due to traditional or cultural reasons, but are otherwise not practicing Christians. One poll found that "only 15% of members of the Church of Sweden say they believe in Jesus, and an equal number claim to be atheists".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Sweden&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Sweden" title="Demographics of Sweden">Demographics of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sweden" title="Religion in Sweden">Religion in Sweden</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Sweden&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-statistik2019-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-statistik2019_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231019073310/https://www.myndighetensst.se/bidrag/organisationsbidrag/bidragsgrundande-statistik/statistik-2019.html">"Statistik 2019 - Myndigheten för stöd till trossamfund"</a> (in Swedish). <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Agency_for_Support_to_Faith_Communities" title="Swedish Agency for Support to Faith Communities">Swedish Agency for Support to Faith Communities</a>. 2019. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beliefs+about+God+across+Time+and+Countries&rft.pub=-Norc.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.norc.org%2FPDFs%2FBeliefs_about_God_Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrreligion+in+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZuckerman2009" class="citation book cs1">Zuckerman, Phil (2009-12-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z1hbaAHsAlUC&pg=RA1-PA185"><i>Atheism and Secularity - Google Books</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313351822" title="Special:BookSources/9780313351822"><bdi>9780313351822</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atheism+and+Secularity+-+Google+Books&rft.date=2009-12-21&rft.isbn=9780313351822&rft.aulast=Zuckerman&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ1hbaAHsAlUC%26pg%3DRA1-PA185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrreligion+in+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090612114443/http://www.pitzer.edu/academics/faculty/zuckerman/Ath-Chap-under-7000.pdf">"Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pitzer.edu/academics/faculty/zuckerman/Ath-Chap-under-7000.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2009-06-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-07-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atheism%3A+Contemporary+Rates+and+Patterns&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pitzer.edu%2Facademics%2Ffaculty%2Fzuckerman%2FAth-Chap-under-7000.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrreligion+in+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norc.org/PDFs/Beliefs_about_God_Report.pdf">"Beliefs about God across Time and Countries"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-07-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beliefs+about+God+across+Time+and+Countries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.norc.org%2FPDFs%2FBeliefs_about_God_Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrreligion+in+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zuckerman-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zuckerman_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091128021326/http://www.pitzer.edu/academics/faculty/zuckerman/">"Phil Zuckerman, Professor of Sociology - Faculty Profiles - Pitzer College"</a>. Pitzer.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pitzer.edu/academics/faculty/zuckerman/">the original</a> on 2009-11-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Phil+Zuckerman%2C+Professor+of+Sociology+-+Faculty+Profiles+-+Pitzer+College&rft.pub=Pitzer.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pitzer.edu%2Facademics%2Ffaculty%2Fzuckerman%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrreligion+in+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZuckerman2006" class="citation book cs1">Zuckerman, Phil (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tAeFipOVx4MC&pg=PA47">"Atheism—Contemporary numbers and Practices"</a>. In Michael Martin (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tAeFipOVx4MC&q=%22cambridge+companion+to+atheism%22&pg=PP1"><i>The Cambridge Companion to Atheism</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 47–50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-84270-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-84270-0"><bdi>0-521-84270-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Atheism%E2%80%94Contemporary+numbers+and+Practices&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Atheism&rft.pages=47-50&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-521-84270-0&rft.aulast=Zuckerman&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtAeFipOVx4MC%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrreligion+in+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallup.com.pk/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Global-Report-on-Religion-2.pdf">"Global report on religion: end of year 2016"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup Poll</a>. 2017-04-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+report+on+religion%3A+end+of+year+2016&rft.pub=Gallup+Poll&rft.date=2017-04-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgallup.com.pk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F04%2FGlobal-Report-on-Religion-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrreligion+in+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelocal.se/20150102/one-in-ten-swedes-trust-religious-leaders">"Only one in ten Swedes trusts religious leaders"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Local" title="The Local">The Local</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Only+one+in+ten+Swedes+trusts+religious+leaders&rft.pub=The+Local&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.se%2F20150102%2Fone-in-ten-swedes-trust-religious-leaders&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrreligion+in+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.svenskakyrkan.se/statistik">"Svenska kyrkan i siffror"</a> (in Swedish). <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">Church of Sweden</a>. 12 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Svenska+kyrkan+i+siffror&rft.pub=Church+of+Sweden&rft.date=2023-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.svenskakyrkan.se%2Fstatistik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrreligion+in+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelocal.se/20110615/34370">"Swedish Church members 'don't believe in Jesus'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Local" title="The Local">The Local</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-01-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swedish+Church+members+%27don%27t+believe+in+Jesus%27&rft.pub=The+Local&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.se%2F20110615%2F34370&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrreligion+in+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="/wiki/Mission_Covenant_Church_of_Sweden" title="Mission Covenant Church of Sweden">Mission Covenant Church</a> (SMK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Pentecostal_Movement" title="Swedish Pentecostal Movement">Pentecostal Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_Sweden" title="Baptist Union of Sweden">Baptist Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Sweden" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Sweden">Evangelical Lutheran Church</a> (ELKS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Reformed_Church_in_Sweden" title="Evangelical Reformed Church in Sweden">Evangelical Reformed Church in Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swedish_Salvation_Army&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swedish Salvation Army (page does not exist)">Salvation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Evangelical_Mission" title="Swedish Evangelical Mission">Evangelical Mission</a> (EFS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangeliska_Frikyrkan" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangeliska Frikyrkan">Evangeliska Frikyrkan</a> (EFK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="United Methodist Church of Sweden">United Methodist Church</a> (MK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svenska_Alliansmissionen" class="mw-redirect" title="Svenska Alliansmissionen">Svenska Alliansmissionen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Sweden" title="Catholic Church in Sweden">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church in Sweden">Adventist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Sweden">Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Sweden" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Sweden">LDS Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Lightning" title="Eastern Lightning">The Church of Almighty God</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Sweden" title="Islam in Sweden">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Sweden" title="Ahmadiyya in Sweden">Ahmadiyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sweden" title="History of the Jews in Sweden">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faith_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahá'í Faith in Sweden">Bahá'í</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Sweden" title="Buddhism in Sweden">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Sweden" title="Hinduism in Sweden">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neopaganism_in_Scandinavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Neopaganism in Scandinavia">Neopaganism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Forn_Sed_Sweden" title="Community of Forn Sed Sweden">Community of Forn Sed Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Asa-Community" title="Nordic Asa-Community">Nordic Asa-Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samf%C3%A4lligheten_f%C3%B6r_Nordisk_Sed" title="Samfälligheten för Nordisk Sed">Samfälligheten för Nordisk Sed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Sweden" title="Sikhism in Sweden">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy_in_Scandinavia" title="Theosophy in Scandinavia">Theosophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Irreligion_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Irreligion_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Irreligion in Europe">Irreligion in Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Albania" title="Irreligion in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Austria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in Austria (page does not exist)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Irreligion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Belgium" title="Irreligion in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Irreligion in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Bulgaria" title="Irreligion in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Croatia" title="Irreligion in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in Cyprus (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Irreligion in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Irreligion in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Estonia" title="Irreligion in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Finland" title="Irreligion in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_France" title="Irreligion in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irreligion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Germany" title="Irreligion in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Greece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in Greece (page does not exist)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Hungary" title="Irreligion in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Iceland" title="Irreligion in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Irreligion in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Italy" title="Irreligion in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Irreligion in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Latvia" title="Irreligion in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Lithuania" title="Irreligion in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Irreligion in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Malta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in Malta (page does not exist)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in Moldova (page does not exist)">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Montenegro" title="Irreligion in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_Netherlands" title="Irreligion in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_North_Macedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in North Macedonia (page does not exist)">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Norway" title="Irreligion in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Poland" title="Irreligion in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Irreligion in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Romania" title="Irreligion in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Russia" title="Irreligion in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in Serbia (page does not exist)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in Slovakia (page does not exist)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in Slovenia (page does not exist)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Spain" title="Irreligion in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Irreligion in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Turkey" title="Irreligion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in Ukraine (page does not exist)">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Irreligion in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in Kosovo (page does not exist)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_the_Faroe_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in the Faroe Islands (page does not exist)">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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