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id="toc-Project_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_attempt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_attempt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>First attempt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_attempt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_attempt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_attempt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Second attempt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_attempt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_attempt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_attempt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Third attempt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_attempt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_and_social_damage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Environmental and social damage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_and_social_damage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_specifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_specifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Technical specifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_specifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transmission_lines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transmission_lines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Transmission lines</span> </div> </a> <button 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id="toc-Records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrage_de_Bakun" title="Barrage de Bakun – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Barrage de Bakun" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendungan_Bakun" title="Bendungan Bakun – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bendungan Bakun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diga_Bakun" title="Diga Bakun – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Diga Bakun" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakuno_hidroelektrin%C4%97" title="Bakuno hidroelektrinė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bakuno hidroelektrinė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empangan_Bakun" title="Empangan Bakun – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Empangan Bakun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakun-demningen" title="Bakun-demningen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bakun-demningen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88" title="பக்குன் அணை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பக்குன் அணை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%95%D0%A1_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD" title="ГЕС Бакун – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="ГЕС Бакун" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%B2%A2%E6%B0%B4%E5%A3%A9" title="巴貢水壩 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="巴貢水壩" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bakun_Dam&params=02_45_23_N_114_03_47_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">02°45′23″N</span> <span class="longitude">114°03′47″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">2.75639°N 114.06306°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">2.75639; 114.06306</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dam in Kapit, Sarawak, Malaysia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dam in Sarawak, Malaysia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color:skyblue;">Bakun Dam</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:BakunDam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/BakunDam.jpg/220px-BakunDam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/BakunDam.jpg/330px-BakunDam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/BakunDam.jpg/440px-BakunDam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="540" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The dam under construction in June 2009</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:235px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:235px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:235px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Malaysia_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bakun Dam is located in Malaysia"><img alt="Bakun Dam is located in Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Malaysia_relief_location_map.jpg/235px-Malaysia_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Malaysia_relief_location_map.jpg/353px-Malaysia_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Malaysia_relief_location_map.jpg/470px-Malaysia_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="457" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.545%;left:71.729%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bakun Dam"><img alt="Bakun Dam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Bakun Dam in Malaysia</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a><br />Malaysia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bakun_Dam&params=02_45_23_N_114_03_47_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">02°45′23″N</span> <span class="longitude">114°03′47″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">2.75639°N 114.06306°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">2.75639; 114.06306</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction began</th><td class="infobox-data">1996</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opening date</th><td class="infobox-data">2011</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak Energy Berhad</a><sup id="cite_ref-sarawakacquiresbakundam_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sarawakacquiresbakundam-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Sarawak Hidro Sdn Bhd (Operator)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:skyblue;">Dam and spillways</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dam#Types" title="Dam">Type of dam</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Embankment, concrete face rock-fill</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Impounds</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Balui_River" title="Balui River">Balui River</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">205 m (673 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">750 m (2,461 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spillway type</th><td class="infobox-data">Service, controlled stepped chute</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spillway capacity</th><td class="infobox-data">15,000 m<sup>3</sup>/s (530,000 cu ft/s)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:skyblue;">Reservoir</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Creates</th><td class="infobox-data">Bakun Reservoir</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total capacity</th><td class="infobox-data">43,800,000,000 m<sup>3</sup> (35,500,000 acre⋅ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Catchment area</a></th><td class="infobox-data">14,750 km<sup>2</sup> (5,695 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface area</th><td class="infobox-data">695 km<sup>2</sup> (268 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:skyblue;">Power Station</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Water_turbine" title="Water turbine">Turbines</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8 × 300 <a href="/wiki/Megawatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatt">MW</a> <a href="/wiki/Francis-type" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis-type">Francis-type</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nameplate_capacity" title="Nameplate capacity">Installed capacity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,400 <a href="/wiki/Megawatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatt">MW</a><sup id="cite_ref-sarawakacquiresbakundam_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sarawakacquiresbakundam-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Website</b><br /><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.sarawakenergy.com.my/">[1]</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Bakun Dam</b> (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: <i lang="ms">Empangan Bakun</i>) is an <a href="/wiki/Embankment_dam" title="Embankment dam">embankment dam</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Belaga_District" title="Belaga District">Belaga District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kapit_Division" title="Kapit Division">Kapit Division</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Balui_River" title="Balui River">Balui River</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-MCH_milestones_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCH_milestones-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a tributary or source of the <a href="/wiki/Rajang_River" title="Rajang River">Rajang River</a> and some sixty kilometres east of <a href="/wiki/Belaga,_Sarawak" class="mw-redirect" title="Belaga, Sarawak">Belaga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the project, the second-tallest <a href="/wiki/Dam#Concrete-face_rock-fill_dams" title="Dam">concrete-faced rockfill dam</a> in the world would be built. It would generate 2,400 <a href="/wiki/Megawatts" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatts">megawatts</a> (MW) of electricity once completed. </p><p>The purpose for the dam was to meet growing demand for electricity. However, most of this demand is said to lie in <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a> and not <a href="/wiki/East_Malaysia" title="East Malaysia">East Malaysia</a>, where the dam is located. Even in Peninsular Malaysia, however, there is an oversupply of electricity, with Tenaga Nasional Berhad being locked into unfavourable purchasing agreements with Independent Power Producers. The original idea was to have 30% of the generated capacity consumed in East Malaysia and the rest transmitted to Peninsular Malaysia. This plan envisioned 730 km of overhead <a href="/wiki/HVDC" class="mw-redirect" title="HVDC">HVDC</a> transmission lines in East Malaysia, 670 km of undersea <a href="/wiki/HVDC" class="mw-redirect" title="HVDC">HVDC</a> cable and 300 km of <a href="/wiki/HVDC" class="mw-redirect" title="HVDC">HVDC</a> transmission line in Peninsular Malaysia. </p><p>Future plans for the dam include connecting it to an envisioned Trans-<a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a> Power Grid Interconnection, which would be a grid to supply power to Sarawak, <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kalimantan" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>). There have been mentions of this grid made within <a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a> meetings but no actions have been taken by any party. Bakun Dam came online on 6 August 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2015, Bakun Dam is the biggest dam in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 16 August 2017, Sarawak Energy completes acquisition of Bakun HEP from Federal Government.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the deal, the Sarawak government will pay Putrajaya RM2.5 billion and take over the remaining RM6.4 billion remaining debts.<sup id="cite_ref-handedover_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handedover-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prime Minister Najib Razak handed over the dam to the Sarawak government on 5 April 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-handedover_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handedover-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Project_history">Project history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakun_Dam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Project history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_attempt">First attempt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakun_Dam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First attempt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Initial survey was conducted in the early 1960s and more studies were conducted in the early 1980s. The studies cover the masterplan and feasibility report, rock and soil studies, hydro potential, detailed design and costing, environmental and socio-economic studies<sup id="cite_ref-asiatimes_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asiatimes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and HVDC transmission studies. Notable consultants involved were SAMA Consortium German Agency for Technical Cooperation,<sup id="cite_ref-UTM_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UTM-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Snowy_Mountains_Engineering_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowy Mountains Engineering Corporation">Snowy Mountains Engineering Corporation</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Maeda-Okumura Joint Venture, Fichtner and Swedpower Swedish Agency for Technical Cooperation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Although the project was first approved by government in 1986, it was shelved in 1990 owing to decreased projection of electricity demand due to the recession of 1985 and the decision to use the then low-cost alternative of natural gas as fuel for developing the petrochemical industry.<sup id="cite_ref-UTM_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UTM-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_attempt">Second attempt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakun_Dam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Second attempt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was revived in September 1993 by the Malaysian Federal Government led by then-Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir Mohamad</a>. In January 1994, a privatised contract was awarded to Ekran Berhad. In April 1995, Ekran completed the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_assessment" title="Environmental impact assessment">EIA</a> of the project. The project was to cost US$2.4 billion and was originally scheduled for completion in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-UTM_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UTM-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dam was to be built beginning in 1994 by a privatised joint-venture consortium called Bakun Hydroelectric Corporation, comprising Ekran Berhad, <a href="/wiki/Tenaga_Nasional_Berhad" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenaga Nasional Berhad">Tenaga Nasional Berhad</a> (TNB), the government of <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Electricity_Supply_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarawak Electricity Supply Corporation">Sarawak Electricity Supply Corporation</a> (Sesco), and Malaysia Mining Corporation Bhd (MMC).<sup id="cite_ref-UTM_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UTM-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ekran awarded the electromechanical works and the transmission portion to <a href="/wiki/ABB_Asea_Brown_Boveri" class="mw-redirect" title="ABB Asea Brown Boveri">ABB</a>. ABB's consortium partner for the civil works will be Companhia Brasileira de Projetos e Obras (CBPO) of Brazil, a large civil engineering company belonging to the Odebrecht Group, responsible for the construction of the dam and power house. Engineering consulting firms involved in the project then were TNB Hydro, a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Tenaga_Nasional_Berhad" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenaga Nasional Berhad">Tenaga Nasional Berhad</a> and KLIA Consult.<sup id="cite_ref-asiatimes_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asiatimes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ekran launched a rights issue to finance the building of the dam, but it was undersubscribed and Ting Pek Khing (Ekran's chairman) had to put up $500 million to take up the unsubscribed portion as part of his agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Underwriter" class="mw-redirect" title="Underwriter">underwriters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-asiaweek_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asiaweek-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ekran was a company of Ting Pek Khing, himself a timber businessman. Neither he nor his company had built a dam before. The entire project was not tendered publicly, and instead was awarded by government contract.<sup id="cite_ref-Sim_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sim-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The project was halted in 1997 in the face of the <a href="/wiki/Asian_financial_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian financial crisis">Asian financial crisis</a>. When the project was shelved, the Malaysian government took back the project from this consortium.<sup id="cite_ref-UTM_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UTM-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this time, RM1.6 billion had already been paid out by the government. RM700 million to RM1.1 billion was paid as 'compensation' to Ekran, according to figures disclosed in Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-Sim_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sim-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The completed works were the river diversion tunnels by Dong Ah of Korea for RM400 million, and to Global Upline for work completed on the auxiliary cofferdams for RM60 million. Other works are for selective clearing of biomass, and relocation of the affected native residents. The government had also turned over RM1 billion for the purchase of eight turbines.<sup id="cite_ref-MT_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MT-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_attempt">Third attempt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakun_Dam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Third attempt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2000 it was revived through a 100% government-owned company, Sarawak Hidro, but the transmission of power to Peninsular Malaysia was not part of the revived project.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The construction work was tendered out as a <a href="/wiki/Turnkey" title="Turnkey">turnkey</a> contract.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The completion date has been revised to February 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-MT_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MT-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The new civil builder is the Malaysia–China Hydro JV consortium, led by <a href="/wiki/Sime_Darby" title="Sime Darby">Sime Engineering Berhad</a> of Malaysia (a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Sime_Darby" title="Sime Darby">Sime Darby</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sinohydro_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinohydro Corporation">Sinohydro Corporation</a> of China. Other members of the consortium are WCT Berhad, MTD Capital, Ahmad Zaki Resources, Syarikat Ismail and Edward & Sons.<sup id="cite_ref-MT_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MT-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It targeted a completion date of September 2007. The total sum to be paid to this consortium was budgeted at RM1.8 billion. The electromechanical works for the turbines were awarded in two contracts to IMPSA of Argentina and <a href="/wiki/Alstom" title="Alstom">Alstom</a> of France.<sup id="cite_ref-MT_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MT-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, engineering consulting firm JR Knowles, was hired to study the delays in construction.<sup id="cite_ref-MT_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MT-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other engineering consulting firms involved in the project were Snowy Mountain Engineering Corporation, of Australia and Opus International Malaysia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Items_of_temporary_interest_during_third_attempt">Items of temporary interest during third attempt</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakun_Dam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Items of temporary interest during third attempt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2004 Ting Pek Khing's name again was raised in connection with the project. A Ting-owned company, Global Upline, was rumoured to have been awarded a contract to undertake "biomass removal" in the flood basin. This would allow him to harvest timber in the area without a separate permit.<sup id="cite_ref-MT_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MT-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Issuance of timber permits has come under increased scrutiny due to political conditions and environmental concerns. However, as of December 2006 it has not been awarded.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Usage of the generated capacity was to have been by a proposed <a href="/wiki/Aluminium_smelter" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminium smelter">aluminium smelting plant</a> in Similajau, near <a href="/wiki/Bintulu" title="Bintulu">Bintulu</a>, approximately 180 km inland from the dam.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project is a joint venture between <a href="/wiki/Dubal" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubal">Dubai Aluminum Co, Ltd</a> (Dubal) and Gulf International Investment Group (GIIG), an investment fund jointly set up by Malaysian tycoon Syed Mokhtar, and Dubai-based international financier <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ali_Alabbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohamed Ali Alabbar">Mohamed Ali Alabbar</a>. This plant was expected to consume 50% of the power generated. The government has agreed in principle that 60% of Sarawak Hidro, the entity that owns the dam, will be sold to GIIG. Owing to delays in dam construction, the plans for the smelter have since been shelved. The agreement for this smelter was originally signed in 2003 and some conditions have lapsed owing to delays in construction. <a href="/wiki/Rio_Tinto_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Tinto Group">Rio Tinto</a> announced in August 2007 that they had signed a deal with Malaysian conglomerate <a href="/wiki/Cahya_Mata_Sarawak" title="Cahya Mata Sarawak">Cahya Mata Sarawak Berhad (CMSB)</a> to build an aluminium smelter. The production capacity would be 550,000 tonnes initially with expansion to 1.5 million tonnes possible. Production of aluminium would start at the end of 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of 2004, the minor partners in the Malaysia–China Hydro JV consortium (Ahmad Zaki Resources Bhd, WCT Engineering Bhd and MTD Capital) will report quarterly losses due to the Bakun project. Discounting this project, they would all be operating profitably for the quarter.<sup id="cite_ref-loss_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loss-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>For Ahmad Zaki Resources Bhd, this is the first time it will report losses since 1993. Ahmad Zaki estimates net losses suffered for nine months ending 30 September 2004 at RM4.55 million.<sup id="cite_ref-loss_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loss-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>WCT has reported a net loss of RM13.08 million for the quarter ending 30 September 2004 due to the Bakun project.<sup id="cite_ref-loss_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loss-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>MTD Capital reported a RM4.04 million loss in the quarter ending 30 September 2004 and attributed it to "a major project undertaken by the company in joint venture with both local and foreign partners" without specifically naming Bakun.<sup id="cite_ref-loss_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loss-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The lead partner in the project, Sime Engineering reported a profit of RM521,000 for the same quarter versus a profit of RM4.18 million for the same quarter in 2003. Declines in profit were attributed to cost overruns and project delays.<sup id="cite_ref-loss_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loss-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>As of February 2007, there are three developments affecting the Bakun project. The first is the merger of the Sime Darby, Guthrie and Golden Hope into a new entity named Synergy Drive.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second is the proposed takeover of the Bakun project by the contractor, Sime Engineering. The third is the revival of the submarine HVDC cable under the South China Sea to transmit electricity from Borneo to Peninsular Malaysia.<sup id="cite_ref-MT_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MT-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2007, Sime Darby, the parent company of the contractor Sime Engineering will be merged with Golden Hope and Guthrie into a new company with a market capitalisation of RM31 billion (US$8 billion).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Concurrently with the merger, the contractor Sime Engineering will takeover the ownership of the Bakun Dam project.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sime Engineering Sdn Bhd has filed a suit against AZRB over alleged breaches in the Malaysia–China Hydro joint venture agreement dated 12 June 2002 relating to the Bakun dam. AZRB was served with a writ summons and statement of claim dated 12 Oct by Sime Engineering claiming "RM15.24 million for alleged breaches by AZRB of the Malaysia–China Hydro JVA" relating to Bakun hydroelectric project package CW2 – main civil works.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sinohydro_flawed_construction_procedures">Sinohydro flawed construction procedures</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakun_Dam&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sinohydro flawed construction procedures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chinese constructor Sinohydro has acknowledged that its construction procedures used for Bakun were flawed.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The admission came after <i><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Report" title="Sarawak Report">Sarawak Report</a></i> reported that Sinohydro had widely used a technique involving adding excessive water to cement, with potentially dangerous consequences. The <i>Sarawak Report</i> said its website was attacked by Chinese scammers after it published the report.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_and_social_damage">Environmental and social damage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakun_Dam&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Environmental and social damage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uma_Daro_in_Sungai_Asap,_Sarawak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Uma_Daro_in_Sungai_Asap%2C_Sarawak.jpg/220px-Uma_Daro_in_Sungai_Asap%2C_Sarawak.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Uma_Daro_in_Sungai_Asap%2C_Sarawak.jpg/330px-Uma_Daro_in_Sungai_Asap%2C_Sarawak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Uma_Daro_in_Sungai_Asap%2C_Sarawak.jpg/440px-Uma_Daro_in_Sungai_Asap%2C_Sarawak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Uma Daro longhouse is one of the <a href="/wiki/Longhouse" title="Longhouse">longhouses</a> built in Sungai Asap for the relocation of the natives displaced by the Bakun Dam.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Bakun dam flooding commenced on 13 October 2010<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a faulty start<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and will put 700 km<sup>2</sup> of land underwater – equivalent to the size of <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>. The rainforest of this part of Southeast Asia has some of the highest rates of plant and animal endemism, species found there and nowhere else on Earth, and this dam has done irreparable ecological damage to that region.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Construction of the dam required the relocation of more than 9,000 native residents (mainly <a href="/wiki/Kayan_people_(Borneo)" title="Kayan people (Borneo)">Kayan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kenyah_people" title="Kenyah people">Kenyah</a>) of the indigenous peoples who lived in the area to be flooded. Many Sarawak natives have been relocated to a <a href="/wiki/Longhouse" title="Longhouse">longhouse</a> settlement named Sungai Asap in Bakun. Most of them were subsistence farmers. Each family was promised 3 acres (1.21 ha) of land but many families still have not been compensated.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Concerns were raised also about such things as the relocation of people; the amount of virgin <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest" title="Tropical rainforest">tropical rainforest</a> that had to be cut down (230 km<sup>2</sup>); possible dam collapse issues; increase in diseases with waterborne vectors such as <a href="/wiki/Schistosomiasis" title="Schistosomiasis">schistosomiasis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opisthorchiasis" title="Opisthorchiasis">opisthorchiasis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Filariasis" title="Filariasis">filariasis</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediment</a> accumulation shortening the useful lifespan of the dam.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 5-part series of Bakun dam documentaries was filmed by Chou Z Lam. The series highlighted the basic community problems faced by displaced indigenous people such as the lack of land areas for farming and hunting caused by the flooding, lack of educational, medical, and transport facilities, and also the promises not being kept by the government. This documentary series was later banned from <a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Television Malaysia">Radio Television Malaysia</a> (RTM) in May 2010, forcing the remaining series to YouTube.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International">Transparency International</a> includes Bakun Dam in its 'Monuments of corruption' Global Corruption Report 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mandate to develop the project went to a timber contractor and friend of Sarawak's governor. The provincial government of Sarawak is still looking for customers to consume the power to be generated by the project. </p><p>Launched in February 2012, an international <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">NGO</a> coalition that includes organisations from the US, Norway and Switzerland is showing its solidarity with Malaysian groups who are protesting against the construction of twelve hydroelectric dams in the Malaysian state of Sarawak on Borneo. The NGO coalition supports the Malaysian groups' demand for an immediate halt to the realisation of these dams, which threaten to displace tens of thousands of Sarawak natives and flood hundreds of square miles of Sarawak's precious tropical rainforests.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_specifications">Technical specifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakun_Dam&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Technical specifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bakun_Dam_Power_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bakun_Dam_Power_House.jpg/170px-Bakun_Dam_Power_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bakun_Dam_Power_House.jpg/255px-Bakun_Dam_Power_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bakun_Dam_Power_House.jpg/340px-Bakun_Dam_Power_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>View of turbines inside the powerhouse in 2009.</figcaption></figure> <p>The permanent dam components are as follows: </p> <ul><li>Main dam <ul><li>Maximum height above foundation of 205 m, and crest length of 750 m,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> volume of fill is 16,710,000 m<sup>3</sup>.</li> <li>Crest elevation is 235 m above sea level (ASL),<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> maximum flood level is 232 m, operating levels maximum 228 m and minimum 195 m.</li> <li>Reservoir area at 228 m ASL is 695 km<sup>2</sup>, and with a <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">catchment</a> area of 14,750 km<sup>2</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-ABBspec_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABBspec-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gross storage volume is 43,800 million cubic meters.</li></ul></li> <li>Power intake structure – 8 bays with 16 roller gates.</li> <li>Gated <a href="/wiki/Spillway" title="Spillway">spillway</a> – gated concrete <a href="/wiki/Weir" title="Weir">weir</a> with <a href="/wiki/Chute_(gravity)" title="Chute (gravity)">chute</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flip_bucket" class="mw-redirect" title="Flip bucket">flip bucket</a>, with capacity of 15,000 cubic meters per second.</li> <li>Power tunnels – 8 tunnels of 8.5 m diameter each with lengths of 760 m each.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_station" title="Power station">Powerhouse</a> <ul><li>Surface powerhouse, with 4-level measuring 250 m length × 48 m width × 48 m height</li> <li>with 8 <a href="/wiki/Penstocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Penstocks">penstocks</a> to powertrains comprising 8 vertical-shaft <a href="/wiki/Francis_turbine" title="Francis turbine">Francis turbines</a> of 300 MW each,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 8 air-cooled <a href="/wiki/Electric_generator" title="Electric generator">generators</a> of 360 MVA each and 8 oil-immersed <a href="/wiki/Transformer" title="Transformer">transformers</a> of 360 MVA each.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transmission_lines">Transmission lines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakun_Dam&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Transmission lines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are four major transmission line sections:<sup id="cite_ref-ABBspec_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABBspec-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first consists of an <a href="/wiki/HVAC" class="mw-redirect" title="HVAC">HVAC</a> double circuit overhead line running over a distance of 160 km from Bakun Dam to Similajau Static Inverter Plant, situated east of <a href="/wiki/Bintulu" title="Bintulu">Bintulu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-trasmit_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trasmit-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The three further sections consist of a bipolar <a href="/wiki/HVDC" class="mw-redirect" title="HVDC">HVDC</a> 500 kV line. The first section of this line running from Similajau Static Inverter Plant to Kampung Pueh on Borneo will be implemented as overhead lines with a length of 670 km.<sup id="cite_ref-trasmit_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trasmit-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next section is the submarine cable between Kampung Pueh to <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Leman" title="Tanjung Leman">Tanjung Leman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a>. It will have a length of 670 km. It is planned to be implemented by 3 or 4 parallel cables each with a transmission capacity of 700 MW.<sup id="cite_ref-trasmit_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trasmit-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The last section on the Malay Peninsula will consist of an overhead DC powerline running from <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Leman" title="Tanjung Leman">Tanjung Leman</a> to the static inverter plant at <a href="/wiki/Bentong" title="Bentong">Bentong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-trasmit_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trasmit-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As part of the transmission works two converter stations will be built at Bakun and Tanjung Tenggara. The HVDC lines will connect to the <a href="/wiki/National_Grid,_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Grid, Malaysia">National Grid, Malaysia</a> operated by <a href="/wiki/Tenaga_Nasional_Berhad" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenaga Nasional Berhad">Tenaga Nasional Berhad</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revival_of_submarine_cable_component">Revival of submarine cable component</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakun_Dam&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Revival of submarine cable component"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The revived <a href="/wiki/Submarine_power_cable" title="Submarine power cable">submarine cable</a> portion is to transmit the electricity generated at Bakun Dam in Borneo to Peninsular Malaysia, possibly by 2012. The consortium partners' equity possibly will be <a href="/wiki/Sime_Darby" title="Sime Darby">Sime Darby</a> (60%), <a href="/wiki/Tenaga_Nasional" title="Tenaga Nasional">Tenaga Nasional</a> (20%) and the Malaysian Ministry of Finance (20%). The consortium is exploring financing facilities of up to 80% of the planned investment.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The cable is planned to transmit 1,600 MW of power from the Bakun Dam to <a href="/wiki/Yong_Peng" title="Yong Peng">Yong Peng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by undersea HVDC power cables and then by land line onto the Malaysian <a href="/wiki/National_Grid,_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Grid, Malaysia">National Grid</a>. The use of HVDC cables would ensure that the energy loss is minimal, at about 5% to 6% only. The cost of the undersea cable is estimated at RM9 billion. The proposed concept is for two 800 MW cables being laid about 660 km under the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> from the Sarawak shore to Yong Peng on Peninsular Malaysia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Sime Darby would take ownership of the submarine cable project but not undertake its construction. The contractor is rumoured to be Malaysian Resources Corporation Berhad (MRCB), a public listed company on the <a href="/wiki/Bursa_Malaysia" title="Bursa Malaysia">KLSE</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The buyer of the electricity is <a href="/wiki/Tenaga_Nasional" title="Tenaga Nasional">Tenaga Nasional</a>. The rate proposed is RM0.17 per kilowatt hour at the intake onto the National Grid. Analysts estimated that generation cost using world-market-rate natural gas would cost RM0.22 per kilowatt hour. A 4% increase every 4 years is envisaged over the 35-year concession period.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 January 2008, Sime Darby announced that they had appointed a financial adviser for the undersea power transmission project. However, the company did not name the financial adviser.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After many delays, Sarawak Energy Berhad announced that the contract to build the submarine cable would be awarded in mid-2010 with international tenders to be called in early 2010. It was expected that the construction would be completed by 2015 at an estimated cost of MYR8 billion to MYR10 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the project has been shelved.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Records">Records</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakun_Dam&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once completed: </p> <ul><li>Bakun Dam will be the tallest concrete-faced rockfill dam (CFRD) in the world.</li> <li>Bakun Lake will be the biggest lake in Malaysia by storage volume.</li> <li>Bakun Lake will be the largest lake in Malaysia by surface area, even though it is not apparent on the map, owing to the narrow shapes of the various lake arms, as a result of its location in the highland valleys.</li> <li>Bakun Power Station will be the largest hydroelectric dam in Malaysia, surpassing the currently largest <a href="/wiki/Pergau_Dam" title="Pergau Dam">Pergau Dam</a>.</li> <li>Bakun submarine power cable will be the longest in the world, surpassing the current Norway-to-Netherlands <a href="/wiki/Submarine_power_cable" title="Submarine power cable">submarine cable</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakun_Dam&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/File:Drinking_water.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Drinking_water.jpg/18px-Drinking_water.jpg" decoding="async" width="18" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Drinking_water.jpg/28px-Drinking_water.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Drinking_water.jpg/37px-Drinking_water.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Water" title="Portal:Water">Water portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wind-turbine-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/28px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/42px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/56px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Renewable_energy" title="Portal:Renewable energy">Renewable energy portal</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Grid,_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Grid, Malaysia">National Grid, Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Energy" title="Sarawak Energy">Sarawak Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_HVDC_projects" title="List of HVDC projects">List of HVDC projects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Malaysia" title="List of power stations in Malaysia">List of power stations in Malaysia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakun_Dam&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sarawakacquiresbakundam-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sarawakacquiresbakundam_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sarawakacquiresbakundam_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSULOK_TAWIE2017" class="citation news cs1">SULOK TAWIE (8 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/sarawak-acquires-bakun-dam-from-putrajaya-for-rm2.5b?google_editors_picks=true">"Sarawak acquires Bakun Dam from Putrajaya for RM2.5b"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Malay_Mail" title="Malay Mail">Malay Mail</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Malay+Mail&rft.atitle=Sarawak+acquires+Bakun+Dam+from+Putrajaya+for+RM2.5b&rft.date=2017-03-08&rft.au=SULOK+TAWIE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themalaymailonline.com%2Fmalaysia%2Farticle%2Fsarawak-acquires-bakun-dam-from-putrajaya-for-rm2.5b%3Fgoogle_editors_picks%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakun+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MCH_milestones-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MCH_milestones_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927065122/http://www.mchjv-bakundam.com/project.html">"Bakun National Hydroelectric Project Milestones"</a>. Malaysia–China Hydro Joint Venture. 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mchjv-bakundam.com/project.html">the original</a> on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bakun+National+Hydroelectric+Project+Milestones&rft.pub=Malaysia%E2%80%93China+Hydro+Joint+Venture&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mchjv-bakundam.com%2Fproject.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakun+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://borneo.live.radicaldesigns.org/img/original/bakun_location.jpg">Map</a> of the dam location. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727194451/http://borneo.live.radicaldesigns.org/img/original/bakun_location.jpg">Archived</a> 27 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Sibon2011" class="citation news cs1">Peter Sibon (6 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2011/08/06/energy-boost-from-bakun/">"Energy boost from Bakun"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Borneo_Post" title="The Borneo Post">The Borneo Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Borneo+Post&rft.atitle=Energy+boost+from+Bakun&rft.date=2011-08-06&rft.au=Peter+Sibon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2011%2F08%2F06%2Fenergy-boost-from-bakun%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakun+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSulok_Tawie2015" class="citation news cs1">Sulok Tawie (26 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/hire-locals-to-manage-bakun-dam-prs-tells-sarawak-hidro">"Hire locals to manage Bakun dam, PRS tells Sarawak Hidro"</a>. <i>Malay Mail</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Malay+Mail&rft.atitle=Hire+locals+to+manage+Bakun+dam%2C+PRS+tells+Sarawak+Hidro&rft.date=2015-10-26&rft.au=Sulok+Tawie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themalaymailonline.com%2Fmalaysia%2Farticle%2Fhire-locals-to-manage-bakun-dam-prs-tells-sarawak-hidro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakun+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180405152807/http://www.sarawakenergy.com.my/index.php/news-events-top/latest-news-events/latest-media-release/2508-sarawak-energy-completes-acquisition-of-bakun-hep-from-federal-government">"Sarawak Energy Completes Acquisition Of Bakun HEP From Federal Government"</a>. <i>www.sarawakenergy.com.my</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarawakenergy.com.my/index.php/news-events-top/latest-news-events/latest-media-release/2508-sarawak-energy-completes-acquisition-of-bakun-hep-from-federal-government">the original</a> on 5 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sarawakenergy.com.my&rft.atitle=Sarawak+Energy+Completes+Acquisition+Of+Bakun+HEP+From+Federal+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarawakenergy.com.my%2Findex.php%2Fnews-events-top%2Flatest-news-events%2Flatest-media-release%2F2508-sarawak-energy-completes-acquisition-of-bakun-hep-from-federal-government&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakun+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-handedover-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-handedover_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-handedover_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/04/05/najib-hands-over-bakun-dam-to-sarawak-government/">"Najib hands over Bakun Dam to Sarawak government"</a>. <i>The Star Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star+Online&rft.atitle=Najib+hands+over+Bakun+Dam+to+Sarawak+government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2018%2F04%2F05%2Fnajib-hands-over-bakun-dam-to-sarawak-government%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakun+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asiatimes-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-asiatimes_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-asiatimes_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllison2000" class="citation news cs1">Allison, Tony (28 October 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010405084428/http://atimes.com/reports/BJ28Ai01.html">"Special Report – Malaysia's Bakun project: Build and be damned"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Asia_Times" title="Asia Times">Asia Times</a></i>. Archived from the original on 5 April 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Council on Foreign Relations.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+Southeast+Asia%2C+Big+Dams+Raise+Big+Concerns&rft.pub=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft.date=2011-06-30&rft.au=Joshua+Kurlantzick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.cfr.org%2Fasia%2F2011%2F06%2F30%2Fin-southeast-asia-big-dams-raise-big-concerns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakun+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarawakreport.org/2011/04/bakun-dam-unsafe-exclusive-evidence-on-corner-cutting-and-sloppy-construction-practices/">"Bakun Dam 'Unsafe'! – Exclusive Evidence on Corner-Cutting and Sloppy Construction Practices"</a>. The Sarawak Report. 13 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bakun+Dam+%27Unsafe%27%21+%E2%80%93+Exclusive+Evidence+on+Corner-Cutting+and+Sloppy+Construction+Practices&rft.pub=The+Sarawak+Report&rft.date=2011-04-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarawakreport.org%2F2011%2F04%2Fbakun-dam-unsafe-exclusive-evidence-on-corner-cutting-and-sloppy-construction-practices%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakun+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Then, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/10/14/nation/7222500&sec=nation">"Bakun dam flooding begins"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025201318/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2010%2F10%2F14%2Fnation%2F7222500&sec=nation">Archived</a> 25 October 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The Star Online</i>. 14 October 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140226045722/http://archive.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/politics/sabah-and-sarawak/11536-faulty-start-to-impounding-of-bakun-dam">"Faulty start to impounding of Bakun dam"</a>. Free Malaysia Today. 14 October 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/politics/sabah-and-sarawak/11536-faulty-start-to-impounding-of-bakun-dam">the original</a> on 26 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Faulty+start+to+impounding+of+Bakun+dam&rft.pub=Free+Malaysia+Today&rft.date=2010-10-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.freemalaysiatoday.com%2Ffmt-english%2Fpolitics%2Fsabah-and-sarawak%2F11536-faulty-start-to-impounding-of-bakun-dam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakun+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stop-corruption-dams.org/resources/SAVE_Rivers_Press_release_on_conference_13__February.doc">"SAVE_Rivers_Press_release_on_conference_13__February"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Microsoft Word doc)</span>. Save Rivers Network. 13 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAVE_Rivers_Press_release_on_conference_13__February&rft.pub=Save+Rivers+Network&rft.date=2012-02-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstop-corruption-dams.org%2Fresources%2FSAVE_Rivers_Press_release_on_conference_13__February.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakun+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYang2011" class="citation news cs1">Yang, S. K. (9 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120321020400/http://www.asiasentinel.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=4033">"Xayaburi Dam Stopped for Now"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Asia_Sentinel" title="Asia Sentinel">Asia Sentinel</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asiasentinel.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=4033">the original</a> on 21 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asia+Sentinel&rft.atitle=Xayaburi+Dam+Stopped+for+Now&rft.date=2011-12-09&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=S.+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asiasentinel.com%2Findex2.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26do_pdf%3D1%26id%3D4033&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakun+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120328035908/http://www.sarawak-hidro.com/2010/article_100.html">Bakun compensation: Dispute delaying payments</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141639/http://archive.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/politics/sabah-and-sarawak/9067-bakun-compensation-dispute-delaying-payments">Bakun compensation: Dispute delaying payments</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.internationalrivers.org/southeast-asia/bakun-dam-malaysia">"Bakun Dam"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Rivers" title="International Rivers">International Rivers</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bakun+Dam&rft.pub=International+Rivers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.internationalrivers.org%2Fsoutheast-asia%2Fbakun-dam-malaysia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakun+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeruah_Usit2010" class="citation news cs1">Keruah Usit (5 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/130982">"Shadow of Bakun looms over Sibu"</a>. Malaysiakini.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Shadow+of+Bakun+looms+over+Sibu&rft.date=2010-05-05&rft.au=Keruah+Usit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysiakini.com%2Fnews%2F130982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakun+Dam" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malaysiakini.com/letters/130435">"Another TV producer claims political meddling"</a>. Malaysiakini. 28 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Another+TV+producer+claims+political+meddling&rft.date=2010-04-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysiakini.com%2Fletters%2F130435&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakun+Dam" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGavaskar_Brian_Raj2010" class="citation news cs1">Gavaskar Brian Raj (24 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/135413">"Banned Bakun Dam series now on YouTube"</a>. Malaysiakini.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Banned+Bakun+Dam+series+now+on+YouTube&rft.date=2010-06-24&rft.au=Gavaskar+Brian+Raj&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysiakini.com%2Fnews%2F135413&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakun+Dam" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2005/gcr_2005">"A world built on bribes?: Corruption in construction bankrupts countries and costs lives, says TI report"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International">Transparency International</a></i>. 16 March 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100903000038/http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2005/gcr_2005">Archived</a> 3 September 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stop-corruption-dams.org/campaign_update/?show=3">"International NGO coalition condemns Malaysian dam plans"</a>. Stop Corruption Dams.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+NGO+coalition+condemns+Malaysian+dam+plans&rft.pub=Stop+Corruption+Dams&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stop-corruption-dams.org%2Fcampaign_update%2F%3Fshow%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakun+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foe.co.uk/resource/briefings/bakun_hydroelectric_project.html">The Bakun Hydroelectric Project – Malaysia</a> Friends of the Earth. URL assessed on 4 September 2012 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927205649/http://www.foe.co.uk/resource/briefings/bakun_hydroelectric_project.html">Archived</a> 27 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bakundam.com/projectinfo.html">Bakun Dam project information</a> Malaysia–China Hydro. URL assessed on 4 September 2012 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120414110126/http://www.bakundam.com/projectinfo.html">Archived</a> 14 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABBspec-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ABBspec_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABBspec_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19970706015238/http://www.abb.se/pow/l1412.htm">"Bakun power plant and transmission – Main data"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABB_Asea_Brown_Boveri" class="mw-redirect" title="ABB Asea Brown Boveri">ABB Asea Brown Boveri</a>. 1996. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abb.se/pow/l1412.htm">the original</a> on 6 July 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bakun+power+plant+and+transmission+%E2%80%93+Main+data&rft.pub=ABB+Asea+Brown+Boveri&rft.date=1996&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abb.se%2Fpow%2Fl1412.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakun+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bakundam.com/powertunnels.html">The Making of a Dam ... Power Tunnels</a> Malaysia–China Hydro. URL accessed on 4 September 2012 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120414160541/http://www.bakundam.com/powertunnels.html">Archived</a> 14 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bakundam.com/powerhouse.html">The Making of a Dam ... Powerhouse</a> Malaysia–China Hydro. URL assessed on 4 September 2012 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130531021720/http://www.bakundam.com/powerhouse.html">Archived</a> 31 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trasmit-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-trasmit_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trasmit_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trasmit_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trasmit_44-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuen2009" class="citation news cs1">Kuen, Y. L. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Bakun+reservoir+%E2%80%93+695+sq+km+%E2%80%93+ready+to+be+filled&rft.date=2009-11-16&rft.aulast=Kuen&rft.aufirst=Y.+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiz.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3Ffile%3D%2F2009%2F11%2F16%2Fbusiness%2F5094242%26sec%3Dbusiness&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakun+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaj2008" class="citation web cs1">Raj, Charles (31 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140228043814/http://www.sarawak-hidro.com/2008/article_11.html">"Bakun puzzle"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarawak-hidro.com/2008/article_11.html">the original</a> on 28 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bakun+puzzle&rft.date=2008-03-31&rft.aulast=Raj&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarawak-hidro.com%2F2008%2Farticle_11.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakun+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rajan Moses: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/business_news/sime_to_power_up_mega_bakun_project.html">"Sime to power up mega Bakun project"</a>, <i>New Straits Times</i>, 2 February 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ng, Fintar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/1/7/business/19914783&sec=business">"Sime appoints financial adviser for Bakun transmission"</a>. <i>The Star Online</i>. 7 January 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120215220123/http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F1%2F7%2Fbusiness%2F19914783&sec=business">Archived</a> 15 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJack_Wong2009" class="citation news cs1">Jack Wong (7 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090708001335/http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F7%2F7%2Fbusiness%2F4266906&sec=business">"Malaysia-Sarawak submarine cable contract to be awarded next year"</a>. <i>The Star</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/7/7/business/4266906&sec=business">the original</a> on 8 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Malaysia-Sarawak+submarine+cable+contract+to+be+awarded+next+year&rft.date=2009-07-07&rft.au=Jack+Wong&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiz.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3Ffile%3D%2F2009%2F7%2F7%2Fbusiness%2F4266906%26sec%3Dbusiness&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakun+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314070654/http://www.theedgemalaysia.com/in-the-financial-daily/174244-federal-government-to-sell-bakun-dam-to-sarawak-no-power-transmission-to-peninsula.html">"Federal government to sell Bakun dam to Sarawak; no power transmission to peninsula"</a>. The Edge Malaysia. 27 September 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theedgemalaysia.com/in-the-financial-daily/174244-federal-government-to-sell-bakun-dam-to-sarawak-no-power-transmission-to-peninsula.html">the original</a> on 14 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Federal+government+to+sell+Bakun+dam+to+Sarawak%3B+no+power+transmission+to+peninsula&rft.date=2010-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theedgemalaysia.com%2Fin-the-financial-daily%2F174244-federal-government-to-sell-bakun-dam-to-sarawak-no-power-transmission-to-peninsula.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakun+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakun_Dam&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External 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id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Sarawak_Corridor_of_Renewable_Energy_(SCORE)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Sarawak.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sarawak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Sarawak.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sarawak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Sarawak.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sarawak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Corridor_of_Renewable_Energy" title="Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy">Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy</a> (SCORE)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SCORE division</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bintulu_Division" title="Bintulu Division">Bintulu Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapit_Division" title="Kapit Division">Kapit Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukah_Division" title="Mukah Division">Mukah Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarikei_Division" title="Sarikei Division">Sarikei Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibu_Division" title="Sibu Division">Sibu Division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SCORE cities and towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Samalaju</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukah" title="Mukah">Mukah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Manis_District" title="Tanjung Manis District">Tanjung Manis</a></li> <li>Baram</li> <li>Tunoh</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SCORE hydroelectric dams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batang_Ai_Dam" title="Batang Ai Dam">Batang Ai Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakun_Hydroelectric_Power_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakun Hydroelectric Power Station">Bakun Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baram_Dam" title="Baram Dam">Baram Dam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SCORE infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mukah_Airport" title="Mukah Airport">Mukah Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bintulu_Airport" title="Bintulu Airport">Bintulu Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebaan_Bridge" title="Lebaan Bridge">Lebaan Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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