An Overview of App Engine | App Engine standard environment for Python 2

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id="main-content" class="devsite-main-content" has-book-nav has-sidebar > <div class="devsite-sidebar"> <div class="devsite-sidebar-content"> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" role="navigation" aria-label="On this page" depth="2" scrollbars ></devsite-toc> <devsite-recommendations-sidebar class="nocontent devsite-nav"> </devsite-recommendations-sidebar> </div> </div> <devsite-content> <article class="devsite-article"> <div class="devsite-banner devsite-banner-announcement nocontent" > <div class="devsite-banner-message"> <div class="devsite-banner-message-text"> Note: Python 2.7 has reached <a href="/appengine/docs/standard/lifecycle/runtime-lifecycle#end_of_support">end of support</a> on January 31, 2024. Your existing Python 2.7 applications will continue to run and receive traffic. However, App Engine might block re-deployment of applications that use runtimes <a href="/appengine/docs/standard/lifecycle/support-schedule#python">after their end of support date</a>. We recommend that you <a href="/appengine/migration-center/standard/migrate-to-second-gen/python-differences">migrate to the latest supported version of Python</a>. </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-article-meta nocontent" role="navigation"> <ul class="devsite-breadcrumb-list" aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <a href="https://cloud.google.com/" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="1" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="1" track-metadata-eventdetail="Google Cloud" > Home </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://cloud.google.com/appengine" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="2" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="2" track-metadata-eventdetail="App Engine" > App Engine </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="3" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="3" track-metadata-eventdetail="App Engine Documentation" > Documentation </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="4" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="4" track-metadata-eventdetail="Google App Engine standard environment docs" > App Engine standard environment </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="5" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="5" track-metadata-eventdetail="App Engine standard environment for Python 2" > Python 2 </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python/how-to" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="6" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="6" track-metadata-eventdetail="" > Guides </a> </li> </ul> <devsite-thumb-rating position="header"> </devsite-thumb-rating> </div> <h1 class="devsite-page-title" tabindex="-1"> An Overview of App Engine </h1> <devsite-feature-tooltip ack-key="AckCollectionsBookmarkTooltipDismiss" analytics-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" analytics-action-show="Callout Profile displayed" analytics-action-close="Callout Profile dismissed" analytics-label="Create Collection Callout" class="devsite-page-bookmark-tooltip nocontent" dismiss-button="true" id="devsite-collections-dropdown" dismiss-button-text="Dismiss" close-button-text="Got it"> <devsite-bookmark></devsite-bookmark> <span slot="popout-heading"> Stay organized with collections </span> <span slot="popout-contents"> Save and categorize content based on your preferences. </span> </devsite-feature-tooltip> <div class="devsite-page-title-meta"><devsite-view-release-notes></devsite-view-release-notes></div> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" depth="2" devsite-toc-embedded > </devsite-toc> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix "> <div id="regional_url" class="devsite-dialog"> <div class="devsite-dialog-contents"> <h3 class="hide-from-toc" id="region-id" data-text="Region ID" tabindex="-1">Region ID</h3> <p>The <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">REGION_ID</var></code> is an abbreviated code that Google assigns based on the region you select when you create your app. The code does not correspond to a country or province, even though some region IDs may appear similar to commonly used country and province codes. For apps created after February 2020, <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">REGION_ID</var>.r</code> is included in App Engine URLs. For existing apps created before this date, the region ID is optional in the URL.</p> <p> Learn more <a href="/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python/how-requests-are-routed#region-id">about region IDs</a>. </p> </div> <div class="devsite-dialog-buttons"> <button class="devsite-dialog-close">OK</button> </div> </div> <p> <p>An App Engine app is made up of a single application resource that consists of one or more <em>services</em>. Each service can be configured to use different runtimes and to operate with different performance settings. Within each service, you deploy <em>versions</em> of that service. Each version then runs within one or more <em>instances</em>, depending on how much traffic you configured it to handle.</p> <h2 id="components_of_an_application" data-text="Components of an application" tabindex="-1">Components of an application</h2> <p>Your App Engine app is created under your Google Cloud project when you create an <a href="/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python/console">application resource</a>. The App Engine application is a top-level container that includes the service, version, and instance resources that make up your app. When you create your App Engine app, all your resources are created in the <a href="/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python/locations">region</a> that you choose, including your app code along with a collection of settings, credentials, and your app's metadata.</p> <p>Each App Engine application includes at least one service, the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">default</code> service, which can hold many versions, depending on your app's billing status. For more information, see <a href="#limits">Limits</a> below.</p> <p>The following diagram illustrates the hierarchy of an App Engine app running with multiple services. In this diagram, the app has two services that contain multiple versions, and two of those versions are actively running on multiple instances:</p> <p><img src="/static/appengine/docs/legacy/images/modules_hierarchy.svg" alt="Hierarchy graph of an app's services, versions, and instances"></p> <p>Other Google Cloud services, for example Datastore, are shared across your App Engine app. For more information, see <a href="/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python/configuration-files">Structuring web services</a>.</p> <h2 id="services" data-text="Services" tabindex="-1">Services</h2> <p>Use <em>services</em> in App Engine to factor your large apps into logical components that can securely share App Engine features and communicate with one another. Generally, your App Engine services behave like <a href="https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Microservices" target="_blank" class="external">microservices</a>. Therefore, you can run your whole app in a single service or you can design and deploy multiple services to run as <a href="/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python/microservices-on-app-engine"> a set of microservices</a>.</p> <p>For example, an app that handles your customer requests might include separate services that each handle different tasks, such as:</p> <ul> <li>API requests from mobile devices</li> <li>Internal, administration-type requests</li> <li>Backend processing such as billing pipelines and data analysis</li> </ul> <p>Each service in App Engine consists of the source code from your app and the corresponding App Engine configuration files. The set of files that you deploy to a service represent a single <em>version</em> of that service and each time that you deploy to that service, you are creating additional versions within that same service.</p> <h2 id="versions" data-text="Versions" tabindex="-1">Versions</h2> <p>Having multiple versions of your app within each service allows you to quickly switch between different versions of that app for rollbacks, testing, or other temporary events. You can route traffic to one or more specific versions of your app by <a href="/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python/migrating-traffic">migrating</a> or <a href="/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python/splitting-traffic">splitting</a> traffic.</p> <p><a id="instance_classes"></a> <a id="scaling_types_and_instances_classes"></a></p> <h2 id="instances" data-text="Instances" tabindex="-1">Instances</h2> <p>The versions within your services run on one or more <em>instances</em>. By default, App Engine scales your app to match the load. Your apps will scale up the number of instances that are running to provide consistent performance, or scale down to minimize idle instances and reduces costs. For more information about instances, see <a href="/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python/how-instances-are-managed">How Instances are Managed</a>.</p> <h2 id="application_requests" data-text="Application requests" tabindex="-1">Application requests</h2> <p>Each of your app's services and each of the versions within those services must have a unique name. You can then use those unique names to target and route traffic to specific resources using URLs, for example:</p> <p> <code translate="no" dir="ltr">https://<var translate="no">VERSION</var>-dot-<var translate="no">SERVICE</var>-dot-<var translate="no">PROJECT_ID</var>.<var translate="no"><a href="#appengine-urls" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #999" class="devsite-dialog-button" data-modal-dialog-id="regional_url" track-type="progressiveHelp" track-name="modalHelp" track-metadata-goal="regionalURL">REGION_ID</a></var>.r.appspot.com</code></p> <p>Note that the combined length of <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">VERSION</var>-dot-<var translate="no">SERVICE</var>-dot-<var translate="no">PROJECT_ID</var><var translate="no"><a href="#appengine-urls" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #999" class="devsite-dialog-button" data-modal-dialog-id="regional_url" track-type="progressiveHelp" track-name="modalHelp" track-metadata-goal="regionalURL"></a></var></code>, where <code translate="no" dir="ltr">VERSION</code> is the name of your version, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">SERVICE </code> is the name of your service, and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">PROJECT_ID</code> is your project ID, cannot be longer than 63 characters and cannot start or end with a hyphen. If the combined length is longer than 63 characters, you might see Error <code translate="no" dir="ltr">DNS address could not be found. </code></p> <p>Incoming user requests are routed to the services or versions that are configured to handle traffic. You can also target and route requests to specific services and versions. For more information, see <a href="/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python/how-requests-are-handled">Handling Requests</a>.</p> <h3 id="logging_application_requests" data-text="Logging application requests" tabindex="-1">Logging application requests</h3> <p>When your application handles a request, it can also write its own logging messages to <a href="https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_streams" target="_blank" class="external"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">stdout</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">stderr</code></a>. For details about your app's logs, see <a href="/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python/logs">Writing Application Logs</a>.</p> <h2 id="limits" data-text="Limits" tabindex="-1">Limits</h2> The maximum number of services and versions that you can deploy depends on your app's pricing:</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Limit</th> <th>Free app</th> <th>Paid app</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Maximum services per app</td> <td>5</td> <td>210</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Maximum versions per app</td> <td>15</td> <td>210</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>There is also a limit to the number of instances for each service with basic or manual scaling:</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:center"> Maximum instances per manual/basic scaling version </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <th>Free app</th> <th>Paid app US</th> <th>Paid app EU</th> </tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td>25 (200 for <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central</code>)</td> <td>25</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>There is also a limit to the number of characters in the URL of your application.</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Description</th> <th>Limit</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Maximum characters in Project URL for <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">VERSION</var>-dot-<var translate="no">SERVICE</var>-dot-<var translate="no">PROJECT_ID</var><var translate="no"><a href="#appengine-urls" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #999" class="devsite-dialog-button" data-modal-dialog-id="regional_url" track-type="progressiveHelp" track-name="modalHelp" track-metadata-goal="regionalURL"></a></var></code> URL</td> <td>63</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <devsite-hats-survey class="nocontent" hats-id="Nd7nTix2o0eU5NUYprb0ThtUc5jf" listnr-id="83405"></devsite-hats-survey> </div> <devsite-thumb-rating position="footer"> </devsite-thumb-rating> <div class="devsite-floating-action-buttons"> </div> </article> <devsite-content-footer class="nocontent"> <p>Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License</a>, and code samples are licensed under the <a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache 2.0 License</a>. 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