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subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1927–42:_Early_documentaries_and_first_feature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1927–42:_Early_documentaries_and_first_feature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 1927–42: Early documentaries and first feature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1927–42:_Early_documentaries_and_first_feature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1955–70:_Return_to_filmmaking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1955–70:_Return_to_filmmaking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 1955–70: Return to filmmaking </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1955–70:_Return_to_filmmaking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970–89:_Artistic_breakthrough:_Tetralogy_of_Frustrated_Love_and_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970–89:_Artistic_breakthrough:_Tetralogy_of_Frustrated_Love_and_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 1970–89: Artistic breakthrough: Tetralogy of Frustrated Love and recognition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970–89:_Artistic_breakthrough:_Tetralogy_of_Frustrated_Love_and_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990–2014:_Continued_success_as_a_filmmaker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990–2014:_Continued_success_as_a_filmmaker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 1990–2014: Continued success as a filmmaker </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990–2014:_Continued_success_as_a_filmmaker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors_and_decorations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors_and_decorations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Honors and decorations </div> </a> <ul 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cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Filmography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Features </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Documentaries_and_shorts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Documentaries_and_shorts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Documentaries and shorts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Documentaries_and_shorts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Manoel de Oliveira</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" > 42 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="مانويل دي أوليفيرا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مانويل دي أوليفيرا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мануел де Оливейра – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мануел де Оливейра" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AD%CE%BB_%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5_%CE%9F%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%AD%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Μανουέλ ντε Ολιβέιρα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μανουέλ ντε Ολιβέιρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%84_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="مانوئل دی الیویرا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مانوئل دی الیویرا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%85%B8%EC%97%98_%EB%93%9C_%EC%98%AC%EB%A6%AC%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EB%9D%BC" title="마노엘 드 올리베이라 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마노엘 드 올리베이라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="მანუელ დე ოლივეირა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მანუელ დე ოლივეირა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_de_Oliveira" title="Manuel de Oliveira – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Manuel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1" title="മാനുവെൽ ഡി ഒലിവേറ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാനുവെൽ ഡി ഒലിവേറ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="مانويل دى اوليفيرا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مانويل دى اوليفيرا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8E%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9" title="マノエル・ド・オリヴェイラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マノエル・ド・オリヴェイラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Olivera" title="Manoel de Olivera – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Manoel de Olivera" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB_%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Оливейра, Мануэл де – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оливейра, Мануэл де" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мануел де Олівейра – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мануел де Олівейра" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Manoel de Oliveira" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E8%AB%BE%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%B6%AD%E6%8B%89" title="曼諾·迪·奧利維拉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="曼諾·迪·奧利維拉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43264#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Portuguese film director, screenwriter and racing driver (1908–2015)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the runner, see <a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Oliveira" title="Manuel de Oliveira">Manuel de Oliveira</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_name" title="Portuguese name">Portuguese name</a>, the first or maternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a> is Pinto and the second or paternal family name is de Oliveira.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Manoel de Oliveira</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._James_of_the_Sword" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. James of the Sword">GCSE</a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Prince_Henry" title="Order of Prince Henry">GCIH</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Manoel_de_Oliveira_01_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Manoel_de_Oliveira_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Manoel_de_Oliveira_01_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Manoel_de_Oliveira_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Manoel_de_Oliveira_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Manoel_de_Oliveira_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Manoel_de_Oliveira_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="942" data-file-height="1262" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Oliveira in 1991</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Manoel Cândido Pinto de Oliveira</div> (1908-12-11)11 December 1908 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>, Portugal</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">2 April 2015(2015-04-02) (aged 106) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Porto, Portugal</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Filmmaker</li> <li>actor</li> <li>industrialist</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1927–2015</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable work</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douro,_Faina_Fluvial" title="Douro, Faina Fluvial">Douro, Faina Fluvial</a> (1931)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Aniki-B%C3%B3b%C3%B3" title="Aniki-Bóbó">Aniki-Bóbó</a> (1942)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Spring_(film)" title="Rite of Spring (film)">Acto da Primavera</a> (1963)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Past_and_Present_(film)" title="Past and Present (film)">Past and Present</a> (1972)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Benilde_or_the_Virgin_Mother" title="Benilde or the Virgin Mother">Benilde or the Virgin Mother</a> (1975)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Amor_de_Perdi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(1978_film)" title="Amor de Perdição (1978 film)">Doomed Love</a> (1978)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham%27s_Valley" title="Abraham's Valley">Abraham's Valley</a> (1993)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Maria Carvalhais</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1940)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4, including <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Casimiro" title="Manuel Casimiro">Manuel Casimiro</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Tr%C3%AApa" title="Ricardo Trêpa">Ricardo Trêpa</a> (grandson)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> <a href="/wiki/Golden_Lion" title="Golden Lion">Golden Lion</a> (2004, career) <a href="/wiki/Palm_d%27Or" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm d'Or">Palm d'Or</a> (2008, honorary)</td></tr></tbody></table> Manoel Cândido Pinto de Oliveira <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._James_of_the_Sword" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. James of the Sword">GCSE</a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Prince_Henry" title="Order of Prince Henry">GCIH</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Portuguese: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[mɐnuˈɛl doliˈvɐjɾɐ]</a>; 11 December 1908 – 2 April 2015) was a Portuguese film director and screenwriter born in <a href="/wiki/Cedofeita" title="Cedofeita">Cedofeita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>. He first began making films in 1927, when he and some friends attempted to make a film about World War I. In 1931, he completed his first film <a href="/wiki/Douro,_Faina_Fluvial" title="Douro, Faina Fluvial">Douro, Faina Fluvial</a>, a documentary about his home city Porto made in the <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film#City-symphony" title="Documentary film">city-symphony</a> genre. He made his feature film debut in 1942 with <a href="/wiki/Aniki-B%C3%B3b%C3%B3" title="Aniki-Bóbó">Aniki-Bóbó</a> and continued to make shorts and documentaries for the next 30 years, gaining a minimal amount of recognition without being considered a major world film director. In 1971, Oliveira directed his second feature narrative film, <a href="/wiki/Past_and_Present_(1972_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Past and Present (1972 film)">Past and Present</a>, a social satire that both set the standard for his film career afterwards and gained him recognition in the global film community. He continued making films of growing ambition throughout the 1970s and 1980s, gaining critical acclaim and numerous awards. Beginning in the late 1980s, he was one of the most prolific working film directors and made an average of one film per year past the age of 100. In March 2008, he was reported to be the oldest active film director in the world.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Among his numerous awards were the Career Golden Lion from the <a href="/wiki/61st_Venice_International_Film_Festival" title="61st Venice International Film Festival">61st Venice International Film Festival</a>, the Special Lion for the Overall Work in the <a href="/wiki/42nd_Venice_International_Film_Festival" title="42nd Venice International Film Festival">42nd Venice International Film Festival</a>, an Honorary Golden Palm for his lifetime achievements in <a href="/wiki/2008_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="2008 Cannes Film Festival">2008 Cannes Film Festival</a>,<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> and the French <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Legion of Honor">Legion of Honor</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manoel_de_Oliveira&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education">edit</a>]</div> Oliveira was born on 11 December 1908 in <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>, Portugal,<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> to Francisco José de Oliveira and Cândida Ferreira Pinto. His family were wealthy industrialists and agricultural landowners.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> His father owned a dry-goods factory, produced the first electric light bulbs in Portugal and built an electric energy plant before he died in 1932.<a href="#cite_note-Johnson._p._5-6">[6]</a> Oliveira was educated at the Colégio Universal in Porto before attending a Jesuit boarding school in <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a>, Spain.<a href="#cite_note-Johnson._p._5-6">[6]</a> As a teenager, his goal was to become an actor. At 17, he joined his brothers as an executive in his father's factories, where he remained for the majority of his adult life when not making films. In a 1981 <a href="/wiki/Sight_and_Sound" title="Sight and Sound">Sight and Sound</a> article, John Gillett describes Oliveira as having "spent most of his life in business ... making films only when circumstances allowed."<a href="#cite_note-Wakeman2-7">[7]</a> From an early age, Oliveira was interested in the poverty of the lower classes, the arts and especially films. While he named <a href="/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith">D. W. Griffith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erich_von_Stroheim" title="Erich von Stroheim">Erich von Stroheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Linder" title="Max Linder">Max Linder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Dreyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Dreyer">Carl Dreyer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Passion_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="The Passion of Joan of Arc">The Passion of Joan of Arc</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Eisenstein" title="Sergei Eisenstein">Sergei Eisenstein</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_General_Line" title="The General Line">The General Line</a> as early influences, he was also disappointed to have virtually no <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Portugal" title="Cinema of Portugal">Portuguese</a> filmmakers to emulate.<a href="#cite_note-Wakeman2-7">[7]</a> The Portuguese film industry was also highly censored and restricted under the fascist <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Salazar regime</a> that lasted from the early 1930s until the mid-1970s. His later films, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Cannibals_(1988_film)" title="The Cannibals (1988 film)">The Cannibals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belle_Toujours" title="Belle Toujours">Belle Toujours</a> (a sequel to <a href="/wiki/Belle_de_Jour_(film)" title="Belle de Jour (film)">Belle de Jour</a>), suggest an affinity with Spanish-Mexican filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Luis Buñuel</a>. He stated "I'm closer to Buñuel. He's a reverse Catholic and I was raised a Catholic. It's a religion that permits sin, and Buñuel at the very deepest is one of the most moralistic directors but he does everything to the contrary. I never say that I'm Catholic because to be Catholic is very difficult. I prefer to be thought of as a great sinner."<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manoel_de_Oliveira&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1927–42:_Early_documentaries_and_first_feature">1927–42: Early documentaries and first feature</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manoel_de_Oliveira&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1927–42: Early documentaries and first feature">edit</a>]</div> Oliveira's first attempt at filmmaking was in 1927 when he and his friends worked on a film about <a href="/wiki/Portugal_in_World_War_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Portugal in World War I">the Portuguese participation in World War I</a>, although the film was never made. He enrolled in Italian film-maker Rino Lupo's acting school at age 20 and appeared as an extra in Lupo's film Fátima Milagrosa. Years later, in 1933, he also had the distinction of having acted in the second Portuguese sound film, <a href="/wiki/A_Can%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Lisboa" title="A Canção de Lisboa">A Canção de Lisboa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Johnson._p._6-9">[9]</a> Eventually, Oliveira turned his attention back to filmmaking when he saw <a href="/wiki/Walther_Ruttmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Walther Ruttmann">Walther Ruttmann</a>'s documentary <a href="/wiki/Berlin:_Symphony_of_a_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin: Symphony of a City">Berlin: Symphony of a City</a>. Ruttman's film is the most famous of a small, short lived silent documentary film genre, the <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film#City-symphony" title="Documentary film">city-symphony</a> film. These films portrays the life of a city, mainly through visual impressions in a semi-documentary style, without the narrative content of more mainstream films, though the sequencing of events can imply a kind of loose theme or impression of the city's daily life. Other examples include <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Cavalcanti" title="Alberto Cavalcanti">Alberto Cavalcanti</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Rien_que_les_heures" title="Rien que les heures">Rien que les heures</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dziga_Vertov" title="Dziga Vertov">Dziga Vertov</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Man_with_a_Movie_Camera" title="Man with a Movie Camera">Man with a Movie Camera</a>. Oliveira said that Ruttman's film was his "most useful lesson in film technique", but that he also found it cold, mechanical and lacking humanity.<a href="#cite_note-Johnson._p._6-9">[9]</a> The discovery of Ruttman's film prompted Oliveira to direct his own first film in 1931, a documentary short titled <a href="/wiki/Douro,_Faina_Fluvial" title="Douro, Faina Fluvial">Douro, Faina Fluvial</a>. The film is a portrait of his hometown Porto and the labor and industry that takes place along the cities main river, the <a href="/wiki/Douro_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Douro River">Douro River</a>. Rino Lupo invited Oliveira to show the film at the International Congress of Film Critics in Lisbon, where the majority of the Portuguese audience booed. However, other foreign critics and artists who were in attendance praised the film, such as <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Luigi Pirandello</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Vuillermoz" title="Émile Vuillermoz">Émile Vuillermoz</a>. Oliveira re-edited the film with a new soundtrack and re-released it in 1934. And again, in 1994, Oliveira modified the film by adding a new, more avant-garde soundtrack by Freitas Branco.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Over the next ten years, Oliveira struggled to make films, abandoning several ambitious projects and making a handful of short documentaries on subjects ranging from artistic portraits of coastal cities in Portugal to industrial films on the origins of Portugal's auto industry.<a href="#cite_note-Wakeman2-7">[7]</a> One of these shorts was a documentary about the inauguration of the hydro-electrical plant that his father built, Hulha Branca.<a href="#cite_note-Johnson._p._5-6">[6]</a> He also first met and befriended Portuguese playwright <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_R%C3%A9gio" title="José Régio">José Régio</a> during this time period. Oliveira would go on to adapt four of Régio's plays as films.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Fifteen years after his first attempt at filmmaking, Oliveira made his feature film debut in 1942. <a href="/wiki/Aniki-B%C3%B3b%C3%B3" title="Aniki-Bóbó">Aniki-Bóbó</a> is a portrait of Porto's street children and based on a short story by Rodrigo de Freitas. Oliveira used non-professional actors to portray the children. The story centers around two young boys who compete for the attention of a young girl. One of the boys in an extroverted bully, while the other is shy and innocent.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> The film was a commercial failure when it opened, and its merit only came to be recognized over time.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Oliveira stated that he was criticized for portraying children that lied, cheated and stole, which in his mind made them act more like adults.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The film's poor reception forced Oliveira to abandon other film projects he was involved in, after which he dedicated himself to work in a vineyard that his wife had inherited.<a href="#cite_note-Johnson._p._15-15">[15]</a> In the early 1950s, he and Régio submitted a screenplay to the <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Estado Novo</a>-run Film Fund commission, but the commission refused to either accept or reject the film. Oliveira attributed this to his own well known dislike for the Salazar regime.<a href="#cite_note-Johnson._p._15-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1955–70:_Return_to_filmmaking">1955–70: Return to filmmaking</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manoel_de_Oliveira&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1955–70: Return to filmmaking">edit</a>]</div> In 1955, Oliveira traveled to Germany to study new techniques in color cinematography. He re-emerged onto the film scene in 1956 with <a href="/wiki/The_Artist_and_the_City" title="The Artist and the City">The Artist and the City</a>, a twenty-six-minute documentary short film shot in color. Much like his first film, The Artist and the City is a portrait of <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>, juxtaposing color shots of the city with paintings being created by local artist António Cruz. The film was shown in a number of festivals to positive reviews.<a href="#cite_note-Wakeman2-7">[7]</a> In 1959, Portugal's National Federation of Industrial Millers commissioned O Pão, a color documentary on Portugal's bread industry. In 1963, <a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Spring_(film)" title="Rite of Spring (film)">Rite of Spring</a> (O Acto de Primavera), a partly documentary, partly narrative film depicting an annual <a href="/wiki/Passion_play" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion play">passion play</a>, marked a turning point for his career. The play is based on a 16th-century passion play by Francisco Vaz de Guimarães and was actually performed by villagers in northern Portugal.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Along with the performance of the play, Oliveira staged the actors rehearsals, spectators watching the actors and even himself and his crew preparing to film the performance.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Oliveira said that making the film "profoundly altered his conception of cinema" as a tool not to simulate reality, but merely represent it. O Acto de Primavera was called the first political film from Portugal by film critic Henrique Costa and gave Oliveira his first worldwide recognition as a filmmaker. The film won the Grand Prix at the Siena Film Festival and Oliveira had his first film retrospective at the <a href="/wiki/Locarno_Film_Festival" title="Locarno Film Festival">Locarno Film Festival</a> in 1964.<a href="#cite_note-Wakeman2-7">[7]</a> This was shortly followed by <a href="/wiki/The_Hunt_(1963_film)" title="The Hunt (1963 film)">The Hunt</a> (A caça), a grim, surrealistic short narrative film that contrasted with the positive tones of his previous film. Due to censorship issues, Oliveira was forced to add a "happy ending" to the initial release of the film and was unable to restore his original ending until 1988.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Because of this film and anti- Salazar comments Oliveira made after a screening of O Acto de Primavera, he was arrested by the <a href="/wiki/PIDE" title="PIDE">PIDE</a> in 1963. He spent ten days in jail and was interrogated until finally being released with the help of his friend Manuel Meneres.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> His career again slowed down and he only completed two short documentaries in the next 9 years. In 1967, the Cineclube do Porto sponsored a Week of Portuguese Cinema, where many filmmakers from the blossoming <a href="/wiki/Cinema_Novo" title="Cinema Novo">Cinema Novo</a> movement screened films and discussed "the precarious situation of Portuguese cinema in the marketplace, and the decline of the film club movement."<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> This resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Calouste_Gulbenkian_Foundation" title="Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation">Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation</a>'s creation of the Centro Portuges de Cinema, which would help to finance and distribute films in Portugal. The first film that the foundation chose to sponsor was Oliveira's next feature, and the early 1970s would come to be known as the Gulbenkian Years of Portuguese cinema.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970–89:_Artistic_breakthrough:_Tetralogy_of_Frustrated_Love_and_recognition">1970–89: Artistic breakthrough: Tetralogy of Frustrated Love and recognition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manoel_de_Oliveira&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1970–89: Artistic breakthrough: Tetralogy of Frustrated Love and recognition">edit</a>]</div> From the 1970s, Oliveira was at his most active, with the vast majority of his films having been made after he turned 75. Whether a late bloomer or a victim of unfortunate delays and political censorship, he became Portugal's preeminent filmmaker during the later part of his long life. Film critic <a href="/wiki/J._Hoberman" title="J. Hoberman">J. Hoberman</a> has said "at an age when many men think of retirement, Oliveira emerged from obscurity as one of the 70s leading modernists, a peer of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Straub" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Marie Straub">Straub</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans-J%C3%BCrgen_Syberberg" title="Hans-Jürgen Syberberg">Syberberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Duras" title="Marguerite Duras">Duras</a>."<a href="#cite_note-Wakeman2-7">[7]</a> With a newfound artistic freedom after <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Oliveira_Salazar" title="António de Oliveira Salazar">António de Oliveira Salazar</a>'s stroke in 1968 and the April 1974 <a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a>, Oliveira's career began to flourish and receive international acclaim.<a href="#cite_note-Wakeman2-7">[7]</a> Ironically, the Carnation Revolution also resulted in his family's factories being occupied by factions of the Left and subsequently going bankrupt. Due to this, Oliveira lost most of his personal wealth and his home of thirty-five years.<a href="#cite_note-Johnson._p._33-23">[23]</a> Oliveira's second return to filmmaking came in 1971 with <a href="/wiki/Past_and_Present_(1972_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Past and Present (1972 film)">Past and Present</a> (O Passado e o Presente), a satirical <a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">black comedy</a> on marriage and the <a href="/wiki/Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">bourgeoisie</a>. With its lyrical surrealism and farcical situations, the film was a shift from his earlier work about lower-class people. Based on a play by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicente_Sanches&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vicente Sanches (page does not exist)">Vicente Sanches</a>, the film stars Maria de Saisset as Vanda, a woman who only falls in love with her husbands after they have died.<a href="#cite_note-Wakeman2-7">[7]</a> Past and Present was the first of what has become known as Oliveira's "Tetralogy of frustrated loves". It was followed by <a href="/wiki/Benilde_or_the_Virgin_Mother" title="Benilde or the Virgin Mother">Benilde or the Virgin Mother</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amor_de_Perdi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(1979_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amor de Perdição (1979 film)">Doomed Love</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francisca_(1981_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisca (1981 film)">Francisca</a>. Each of these films share the theme of unfulfilled love, the backdrop of a repressive society and the beginning of Oliveira's unique cinematic style.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Benilde_or_the_Virgin_Mother" title="Benilde or the Virgin Mother">Benilde or the Virgin Mother</a> (Benilde ou a Virgem Mãe) was based on a play by Oliveira's long-time friend and fellow Salazar regime dissident <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_R%C3%A9gio" title="José Régio">José Régio</a> and released in 1975. This would be the first of many films that would examine the relationship between film and theater in Oliveira's work, and the film opens with roaming exterior shots of the <a href="/wiki/Tobis_Portuguesa" title="Tobis Portuguesa">Tobis Studios</a> in Lisbon until reaching the constructed set of the film. In the film, Benilde is a sleepwalking eighteen-year-old who mysteriously becomes impregnated and believes herself to have been chosen for immaculate conception, despite the angry and dismissive reactions of her bourgeoisie family and friends.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Upon its release, the film was criticized for being irrelevant to the political climate of 1975 Portugal. However, Oliveira defended its depiction of a moralistic and social repression on its characters as not being "in opposition to or in contradiction with our own times."<a href="#cite_note-Johnson._p._33-23">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amor_de_Perdi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(1979_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amor de Perdição (1979 film)">Doomed Love</a> (Amor de Perdição ) is a tragic love story based on the <a href="/wiki/Amor_de_Perdi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amor de Perdição (novel)">novel</a> by <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Castelo_Branco" title="Camilo Castelo Branco">Camilo Castelo Branco</a>. The film depicts the doomed love affair of Teresa and Simao, who come from two rival wealthy families. Teresa is sent to a convent for refusing to marry her cousin Baltasar, and after Simao kills Baltasar he is sentenced to death and eventually sent into exile. Teresa dies after Simao is sent away, and Simao dies at sea. Oliveira made two versions of the film: a six-part television miniseries that was broadcast in 1978 to disastrous reviews, and a shorter theatrical film released in 1979, which received rave reviews and was profiled on the cover of <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Oliveira stated that whereas most film adaptations of literature attempt to adapt the narrative to film, he wanted instead to adapt "the text" of Branco's novel, much like <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Straub" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Marie Straub">Jean-Marie Straub</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daniele_Huillet" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniele Huillet">Daniele Huillet</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Chronicle_of_Anna_Magdalena_Bach" title="The Chronicle of Anna Magdalena Bach">The Chronicle of Anna Magdalena Bach</a> was a film more about music itself than about its own story. He stated that "in a novel where a lot happens, it would be a waste of time to show everything. Besides, the literary narration, the way of telling the story, the style, the sonorousness of the phrases, [and] the composition are all just as beautiful and interesting as the events that unfold. Therefore, it seemed convenient for me to focus on the text, and that is what I did."<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The film achieves this idea by including extensive narration, characters that speak their thoughts or read letters aloud and shots of written text. In 1981, Oliveira made <a href="/wiki/Francisca_(1981_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisca (1981 film)">Francisca</a>, based on the novel by <a href="/wiki/Agustina_Bessa-Lu%C3%ADs" title="Agustina Bessa-Luís">Agustina Bessa-Luís</a>. The film is a tragic love triangle detailing a real life relationship between Fanny Owen, <a href="/wiki/Amor_de_Perdi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amor de Perdição (novel)">Amor de Perdição</a> author Camilo Castelo Branco and Branco's best friend Jose Augusto. Oliveira's wife was a distant relative of Owen and had access to private letter's written by all three protagonists in the film. The film was screened to great acclaim at the <a href="/wiki/Director%27s_Fortnight" class="mw-redirect" title="Director's Fortnight">Director's Fortnight</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1981_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="1981 Cannes Film Festival">1981 Cannes Film Festival</a> and furthered Oliveira's global recognition.<a href="#cite_note-Wakeman2-7">[7]</a> In addition to Francisca, Oliveira adapted six other novels or stories from author Agustina Bessa-Luís, as well as collaborated on the screenplay for the documentary Visita ou Memórias e Confissões. This was also the first film which Oliveira made with producer <a href="/wiki/Paulo_Branco" title="Paulo Branco">Paulo Branco</a>, who would go on to produce the majority of Oliveira's film, and with actor <a href="/wiki/Diogo_D%C3%B3ria" title="Diogo Dória">Diogo Dória</a>. Following the success of Francisca, Oliveira made three documentary films. <a href="/wiki/Visit_or_Memories_and_Confessions" title="Visit or Memories and Confessions">Visit or Memories and Confessions</a> is an autobiographical documentary about Oliveira's family history. After completing the film, he decided that it will not be released until after his death.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> He made Lisboa Cultural and Nice... À Propos de Jean Vigo , a documentary for French television on the city of <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>, and also a tribute to French filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Jean_Vigo" title="Jean Vigo">Jean Vigo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Wakeman2-7">[7]</a> Oliveira then made his most ambitious film to that date, <a href="/wiki/The_Satin_Slipper_(1985_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Satin Slipper (1985 film)">The Satin Slipper</a> (Le Soulier de Satin), based on the notorious <a href="/wiki/The_Satin_Slipper" title="The Satin Slipper">1929 epic play</a> by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Claudel" title="Paul Claudel">Paul Claudel</a>, which is rarely performed in its entirety due to its length. The seven-hour film took Oliveira two years to complete.<a href="#cite_note-Wakeman2-7">[7]</a> It was Oliveira's first film in French, as well as his first film with actor <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Miguel_Cintra" title="Luís Miguel Cintra">Luís Miguel Cintra</a>, who would go on to act in all of his films from then on. The story of The Satin Slipper is about the unrequited love of sixteenth-century conquistador Don Rodrigue and nobelwoman Dona Prouheze with the backdrop of colonialism in Africa and the Americas. The film opens with a theater gradually being filled with an audience and an introduction to the film on stage. The film itself uses very theatrical set pieces, such as cardboard waves and backdrops. The film was never released theatrically, but was screened at both the <a href="/wiki/1985_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="1985 Cannes Film Festival">1985 Cannes Film Festival</a> and the 1985 <a href="/wiki/Venice_Film_Festival" title="Venice Film Festival">Venice Film Festival</a>, where Oliveira received a special Golden Lion for his career up to that point. Later, the Brussels Cinematheque awarded the film its L'Âge d'or Prize.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> In 1986, Oliveira made one of his most experimental films, <a href="/wiki/My_Case" title="My Case">My Case</a> (Mon Cas), partially based on <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_R%C3%A9gio" title="José Régio">José Régio</a>'s one act play O Meu Caso, although the film also takes inspiration from <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fizzles" title="Fizzles">Fizzles</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Book of Job</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Oliveira takes a surreal and meta-narrative approach to examine the relationship between art and life. The film begins with a theater being filled with the audience and actors before a play is about to begin. A mysterious man play by Luis Miguel Cintra enters the stage and presents "his case" about the fallacies of theater and its illusions. One by one, all of the play's actors and technicians state their cases about what bothers them about the play and its relation to their own lives. An audience member then takes the stage to make a case for what the collective audience wants. This is followed by three consecutive but very different versions of the one act play: the first is a straightforward farce, the second is presented as a slapstick silent movie, and the third is performed with the dialogue read backwards. The stage performance ends with video footage of war and disasters from around the world and <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>'s painting <a href="/wiki/Guernica_(painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guernica (painting)">Guernica</a>. The entire film then shifts to a retelling of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Book of Job</a>, with Cintra as Job and <a href="/wiki/Bulle_Ogier" title="Bulle Ogier">Bulle Ogier</a> as his wife. This sequence ends with a close-up of <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mona_Lisa" title="Mona Lisa">Mona Lisa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> My Case opened the 1986 Venice Film Festival and was released in 1987. Oliveira next made a satirical film in the tradition of <a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Luis Buñuel</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Cannibals_(1988_film)" title="The Cannibals (1988 film)">The Cannibals</a> (Os Canibais) in 1988. The film is based on a short story by Álvaro Carvalhal and stars <a href="/wiki/Luis_Miguel_Cintra" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis Miguel Cintra">Luis Miguel Cintra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonor_Silveira" title="Leonor Silveira">Leonor Silveira</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diogo_D%C3%B3ria" title="Diogo Dória">Diogo Dória</a>. José Régio first showed Oliveira the little known story, and Oliveira decided to make the film his only opera in collaboration with composer Joao Paes. The film also contains a demonic narrator Niccolo who appears and disappears from scenes magically. In the film, the beautiful young Margarida (Silveira) falls in love with the mysterious Viscount of Aveleda (Cintra), while rejecting the advances of the notorious <a href="/wiki/Don_Juan" title="Don Juan">Don João</a> (Dória). On their wedding night, the Viscount reveals to Margarida that his great mystery is that he has no arms or legs and is "a living corpse". Margarida throws herself out of their bedroom window in horror and the Viscount attempts to drink poison but rolls into the fireplace instead, singing an aria as he burns to death. Just then Don João enters intending to murder the Viscount in jealously and witnesses the Viscounts death. The next morning, Margarida's father, brothers and family magistrate wake up and want to be served breakfast, but find an empty house. They look for the Viscount, but only discover a strange meat cooking in the fireplace, and conclude that it is a strange delicacy being prepared for them. The four men unknowingly eat the Viscount's body for breakfast with great delight. Suddenly they hear a gunshot and rush to the garden where they find Margarida's dead body and Don João sitting next to her with a self- inflicted gunshot wound in his chest. As Don João dies, he explains everything that has happened to the family and tells them they can find the Viscount in the fireplace. Horrified at their own cannibalism, the father and brother's decide to commit suicide until the magistrate points out that they are now the sole heirs to the Viscount's fortune. The father and brother's decide to live, and turn into rabid dogs and eat the magistrate, who has turned into a pig.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The Cannibals was screened in competition at the <a href="/wiki/1988_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="1988 Cannes Film Festival">1988 Cannes Film Festival</a> and won the Critics Special award at the 1988 <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_International_Film_Festival" title="São Paulo International Film Festival">São Paulo International Film Festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990–2014:_Continued_success_as_a_filmmaker">1990–2014: Continued success as a filmmaker</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manoel_de_Oliveira&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1990–2014: Continued success as a filmmaker">edit</a>]</div> Oliveira's work since the 1990s was the most prolific of his entire career and he made at least one film a year (usually feature narratives but sometimes shorts or documentaries) between 1990 and 2012. During this period he established and consistently worked with a loyal troupe of regular actors including his grandson <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Tr%C3%AApa" title="Ricardo Trêpa">Ricardo Trêpa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Miguel_Cintra" title="Luís Miguel Cintra">Luís Miguel Cintra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonor_Baldaque" title="Leonor Baldaque">Leonor Baldaque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonor_Silveira" title="Leonor Silveira">Leonor Silveira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diogo_D%C3%B3ria" title="Diogo Dória">Diogo Dória</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Malkovich" title="John Malkovich">John Malkovich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Deneuve" title="Catherine Deneuve">Catherine Deneuve</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michel_Piccoli" title="Michel Piccoli">Michel Piccoli</a>. He also worked with international stars such as <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Moreau" title="Jeanne Moreau">Jeanne Moreau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irene_Papas" title="Irene Papas">Irene Papas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulle_Ogier" title="Bulle Ogier">Bulle Ogier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiara_Mastroianni" title="Chiara Mastroianni">Chiara Mastroianni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marcello_Mastroianni" title="Marcello Mastroianni">Marcello Mastroianni</a> in the actor's last film. In 1990, Oliveira directed <a href="/wiki/No,_or_the_Vain_Glory_of_Command" title="No, or the Vain Glory of Command">No, or the Vain Glory of Command</a> (Non, ou a Vã Glória de Mandar), starring Cintra, Dória and Silveira. The film depicts the military history of Portugal, focusing on its defeats over its victories. The film's historical action includes the assassination of <a href="/wiki/Viriathus" title="Viriathus">Viriathus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Toro" title="Battle of Toro">Battle of Toro</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alc%C3%A1cer_Quibir" title="Battle of Alcácer Quibir">Battle of Alcácer Quibir</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial War</a>. The only exception to the historical scenes is a sequence depicting the mythical Isle of Love, which celebrates Portuguese explorers and discoverers, instead of its military figures. The Isle of Love features winged cupids, beautiful nymphs and the goddess <a href="/wiki/Venus_(mythology)" title="Venus (mythology)">Venus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> The film competed at the <a href="/wiki/1990_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="1990 Cannes Film Festival">1990 Cannes Film Festival</a>. In 1991, Oliveira directed <a href="/wiki/The_Divine_Comedy_(1991_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Divine Comedy (1991 film)">The Divine Comedy</a> (A Divina Comédia). Set in a mental institution, the film is not an adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a>'s famous work but derived from stories on the Bible, José Régio's play A Salvação do Mundo, <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoyevsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyodor Dostoyevsky">Fyodor Dostoyevsky</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Crime_and_Punishment" title="Crime and Punishment">Crime and Punishment</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Brothers_Karamazov" title="The Brothers Karamazov">The Brothers Karamazov</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Antichrist_(book)" title="The Antichrist (book)">Antichrist</a>. Oliveira stated that all of the texts he uses "deal in some way with the problem of sin and the possibility of redemption, and in this sense they all derive ultimately from the same source."<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The film stars <a href="/wiki/Maria_de_Medeiros" title="Maria de Medeiros">Maria de Medeiros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Guilherme" title="Miguel Guilherme">Miguel Guilherme</a>, Luís Miguel Cintra, Leonor Silveira and Diogo Dória and competed at the <a href="/wiki/48th_Venice_International_Film_Festival" title="48th Venice International Film Festival">1991 Venice Film Festival</a>, where it won the Grand Special Jury Prize award. <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manoel_de_Oliveira_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Manoel_de_Oliveira_02.jpg/250px-Manoel_de_Oliveira_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Manoel_de_Oliveira_02.jpg/375px-Manoel_de_Oliveira_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Manoel_de_Oliveira_02.jpg/500px-Manoel_de_Oliveira_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2455" data-file-height="3601" /></a><figcaption>Oliveira at the <a href="/wiki/48th_Venice_International_Film_Festival" title="48th Venice International Film Festival">48th Venice International Film Festival</a>, 1991</figcaption></figure>In 1992, Oliveira returned to the adaptation of works by Portuguese writer <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Castelo_Branco" title="Camilo Castelo Branco">Camilo Castelo Branco</a> with <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Despair" title="Day of Despair">Day of Despair</a> (O Dia do Desespero). The film stars <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1rio_Barroso" title="Mário Barroso">Mário Barroso</a> as Branco, with actors <a href="/wiki/Teresa_Madruga" title="Teresa Madruga">Teresa Madruga</a>, Luís Miguel Cintra and Diogo Dória playing both themselves and Ana Plácido, Freitas Fortuna and Dr. Edmundo Magalhães, respectively. The film was shot in the house where Branco lived his final years and committed suicide and is both a documentary and a narrative film about the famous Portuguese writer.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> In 1993 Oliveira made <a href="/wiki/Abraham%27s_Valley" title="Abraham's Valley">Abraham's Valley</a> (Vale Abraão), based on the novel by <a href="/wiki/Agustina_Bessa-Lu%C3%ADs" title="Agustina Bessa-Luís">Agustina Bessa-Luís</a>. Oliveira had wanted to film <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert" title="Gustave Flaubert">Gustave Flaubert</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Madame_Bovary" title="Madame Bovary">Madame Bovary</a>, but was dissuaded by producer <a href="/wiki/Paulo_Branco" title="Paulo Branco">Paulo Branco</a> due to budgetary restraints. Oliveira then suggested to Bessa-Luís that she write an updated version of the novel set in Portugal, which resulted in the novel in 1991. Abraham's Valley is not a retelling of the Flaubert book, however Madame Bovary is both a subtext and a physical presence in the film.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> The film stars Leonor Silveira as Ema, a discontent Portuguese woman who wants a passionate life like the one she reads about in Flaubert's novel. Like Madame Bovary, Ema marries a doctor that she does not love and has many extramarital affairs before dying in an accident that may or may not be a suicide. Unlike Madame Bovary, there is no scandal in her love affairs, which are simply accepted by both her husband and the society that she lives in.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The film won the Critics award at the 1993 <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_International_Film_Festival" title="São Paulo International Film Festival">São Paulo International Film Festival</a>, as well as an award for Best Artistic Contribution Award at the 1993 <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_International_Film_Festival" title="Tokyo International Film Festival">Tokyo International Film Festival</a>. In 1994, Oliveira made <a href="/wiki/A_Caixa" title="A Caixa">The Box</a> (A Caixa), based on a play by Hélder Prista Monteiro. The film stars Luis Miguel Cintra as a blind homeless man whose only means of support in a poor neighborhood in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> is his official, government issued alms box.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> It was screened in competition at the 1994 <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_International_Film_Festival" title="Tokyo International Film Festival">Tokyo International Film Festival</a>. In 1995, Oliveira's reputation had grown and his films were internationally acclaimed. That year, he made his first of many films starring international movie stars: <a href="/wiki/The_Convent_(1995_film)" title="The Convent (1995 film)">The Convent</a> (O Convento), starring <a href="/wiki/John_Malkovich" title="John Malkovich">John Malkovich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Deneuve" title="Catherine Deneuve">Catherine Deneuve</a>. The film is based on the novel As Terras Do Risco by <a href="/wiki/Agustina_Bessa-Lu%C3%ADs" title="Agustina Bessa-Luís">Agustina Bessa-Luís</a> and examines the <a href="/wiki/Faust" title="Faust">Faustian</a> theme of good versus evil. In the film, Malkovich plays an American writer who travels to Portugal with his wife (Deneuve) to research his theory that <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> was really Jacques Perez, a Jewish Spaniard who fled his native country to avoid <a href="/wiki/The_Spanish_Inquisition" class="mw-redirect" title="The Spanish Inquisition">the Spanish Inquisition</a>. The couple stay in a monastery with strange, demonic-looking staff, and they eventually end up having affairs with two staff members.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The film was screened in competition at the <a href="/wiki/1995_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="1995 Cannes Film Festival">1995 Cannes Film Festival</a> and won the Prize of the Catalan Screenwriter's Critic and Writer's Association at the 1995 <a href="/wiki/Sitges_-_Catalan_International_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Sitges - Catalan International Film Festival">Sitges - Catalan International Film Festival</a>. In 1996, Oliveira worked with French star <a href="/wiki/Michel_Piccoli" title="Michel Piccoli">Michel Piccoli</a> and Greek film star <a href="/wiki/Irene_Papas" title="Irene Papas">Irene Papas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Party_(1996_film)" title="Party (1996 film)">Party</a>. The film was co-written by Oliveira and Agustina Bessa-Luís from an original idea by Oliveira. In the film, a married couple played by Leonor Silveira and Rogério Samora have a dinner party that includes a famous Greek actress (Papas) and her lover (Piccoli) and the film consists of conversations between these four characters at parties over the course of five years.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> The film was screened in competition at the <a href="/wiki/1996_Venice_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Venice Film Festival">1996 Venice Film Festival</a> and won Oliveira the award for Best Director at the 1996 <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globes_(Portugal)" title="Golden Globes (Portugal)">Portuguese Golden Globe Awards</a>. In 1997, Oliveira made <a href="/wiki/Voyage_to_the_Beginning_of_the_World" title="Voyage to the Beginning of the World">Voyage to the Beginning of the World</a> (Viagem ao Princípio do Mundo), which was the final film of Italian film star <a href="/wiki/Marcello_Mastroianni" title="Marcello Mastroianni">Marcello Mastroianni</a>. In the film Mastroianni plays an aging film director named Manoel who travels on a road trip across Northern Portugal with French film actor Afonso (Jean-Yves Gautier) and two other young companions, Judite (Leonor Silveira) and Duarte (Diogo Dória). Afonso wants to see the Portuguese village that his father grew up in and see the relatives that he has never met. On the way, Manoel stops at several locations on the road that he remembers from his childhood, only to find them much different than he had remembered. The film is autobiographical in that the locations on the road are real locations from Oliveira's childhood. The film is also based on the experiences of actor <a href="/wiki/Yves_Afonso" title="Yves Afonso">Yves Afonso</a>, whose father had immigrated from Portugal to France and who had met his long lost relatives during a French-Portuguese co-production in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The film was screened out of competition at the <a href="/wiki/1997_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="1997 Cannes Film Festival">1997 Cannes Film Festival</a> and won the <a href="/wiki/FIPRESCI_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="FIPRESCI Prize">FIPRESCI Prize</a> and a Special Mention from the Ecumenical Jury. It won other awards at the 1997 <a href="/wiki/Haifa_International_Film_Festival" title="Haifa International Film Festival">Haifa International Film Festival</a> and the 1997 <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_International_Film_Festival" title="Tokyo International Film Festival">Tokyo International Film Festival</a>. Oliveira then made <a href="/wiki/Anxiety_(1998_film)" title="Anxiety (1998 film)">Anxiety</a> (Inquietude) in 1998. The episodic film contains three short films based on literary works by Helder Prista Monteiro (Os Immortais), António Patrício (Suzy) and Agustina Bessa-Luís (Mãe de Um Rio). In Os Immortais, a 90-year-old man (José Pinto) concludes that old age is horrible and attempts to convince his middle aged son (Luís Miguel Cintra) to commit suicide. In Suzy, an aristocrat (Diogo Dória) has an affair with a beautiful young cocotte (Leonor Silveira), but social class differences prevent him from having a deep, meaningful relationship with her. In Mãe de Um Rio, Leonor Baldaque plays a discontent small town girl who yearns for a more exotic life and seek advice from the Mother of the River (Irene Papas).<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The film won Oliveira another award for Best Director at the 1998 <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globes_(Portugal)" title="Golden Globes (Portugal)">Portuguese Golden Globe Awards</a>. In 1999, Oliveira made <a href="/wiki/The_Letter_(1999_film)" title="The Letter (1999 film)">The Letter</a> (La Lettre), based on the 17th century French novel <a href="/wiki/The_Princess_of_Cleves" class="mw-redirect" title="The Princess of Cleves">The Princess of Cleves</a> by <a href="/wiki/Madame_de_Lafayette" class="mw-redirect" title="Madame de Lafayette">Madame de Lafayette</a>. Oliveira had wanted to make a film from the novel since the late 1970s, but had initially thought that it was too complicated to be filmed.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> It updates the novel to modern day and stars <a href="/wiki/Chiara_Mastroianni" title="Chiara Mastroianni">Chiara Mastroianni</a> as Catherine de Clèves, <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Chappey" title="Antoine Chappey">Antoine Chappey</a> as the husband that she does not love, Leonor Silveira as her childhood friend who has become a nun and her confidant, and Portuguese rock star <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Abrunhosa" title="Pedro Abrunhosa">Pedro Abrunhosa</a> playing himself in the role of the dashing Duke of Nemours, whom Catherine is in love with. Abrunhosa also wrote some original songs for the film.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> The film won the <a href="/wiki/Jury_Prize_(Cannes_Film_Festival)" title="Jury Prize (Cannes Film Festival)">Grand Jury Prize</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1999_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="1999 Cannes Film Festival">1999 Cannes Film Festival</a>. <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_Oliveira_Piccoli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/De_Oliveira_Piccoli.jpg/250px-De_Oliveira_Piccoli.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/De_Oliveira_Piccoli.jpg/375px-De_Oliveira_Piccoli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/De_Oliveira_Piccoli.jpg/500px-De_Oliveira_Piccoli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption>Oliveira and <a href="/wiki/Michel_Piccoli" title="Michel Piccoli">Michel Piccoli</a> at the 2001 <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannes Film festival">Cannes Film festival</a></figcaption></figure>In 2000, Oliveira made the film <a href="/wiki/Word_and_Utopia" title="Word and Utopia">Word and Utopia</a> (Palavra e Utopia), a biography of the Portuguese Jesuit priest Padre <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Vieira" title="António Vieira">António Vieira</a>, based upon letters and sermons that the priest wrote between 1626 and 1695. Vieira is played by Oliveira's grandson Ricardo Trêpa as a young man, <a href="/wiki/Luis_Miguel_Cintra" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis Miguel Cintra">Luis Miguel Cintra</a> in middle age and <a href="/wiki/Lima_Duarte" title="Lima Duarte">Lima Duarte</a> as an old man. The film chronicles Vieira's missionary work in South America, testimony before the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a> and work as a trusted advisor to <a href="/wiki/Queen_Christina_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Christina of Sweden">Queen Christina of Sweden</a> (Leonor Silveira).<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> It was shown in competition at the <a href="/wiki/57th_Venice_International_Film_Festival" title="57th Venice International Film Festival">2000 Venice Film Festival</a>, where it won the Film critica "Bastone Bianco" Award. It also won Oliveira his third award for Best Director at the 2000 <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globes_(Portugal)" title="Golden Globes (Portugal)">Portuguese Golden Globe Awards</a>. In 2001, Oliveira made two feature films at the age of 92. <a href="/wiki/I%27m_Going_Home_(film)" title="I'm Going Home (film)">I'm Going Home</a> (Je rentre à la maison) stars <a href="/wiki/Michel_Piccoli" title="Michel Piccoli">Michel Piccoli</a> as Gilbert Valence, an aging stage actor that never achieved great success who deals with the sudden deaths of his wife, daughter and son-in-law after a car accident, turning down undignified roles in commercial TV shows and raising his nine-year-old grandson. <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Deneuve" title="Catherine Deneuve">Catherine Deneuve</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Malkovich" title="John Malkovich">John Malkovich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Chappey" title="Antoine Chappey">Antoine Chappey</a>, Leonor Baldaque, Leonor Silveira and Ricardo Trêpa also co-star.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> The film was shown in competition at the <a href="/wiki/2001_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="2001 Cannes Film Festival">2001 Cannes Film Festival</a>, won awards at the <a href="/wiki/Haifa_International_Film_Festival" title="Haifa International Film Festival">Haifa International Film Festival</a> and the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_International_Film_Festival" title="São Paulo International Film Festival">São Paulo International Film Festival</a>, and won the award for Best Film at the 2001 <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globes_(Portugal)" title="Golden Globes (Portugal)">Portuguese Golden Globe Awards</a>. Later that year, Oliveira made the autibiographical, partially documentary film <a href="/wiki/Porto_of_My_Childhood" title="Porto of My Childhood">Porto of My Childhood</a> (Porto da Minha Infância). The film includes archival footage of <a href="/wiki/Douro,_Faina_Fluvial" title="Douro, Faina Fluvial">Douro, Faina Fluvial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aniki-B%C3%B3b%C3%B3" title="Aniki-Bóbó">Aniki-Bóbó</a>, reenactments of parts of Oliveira's childhood and documentary footage of <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a> in the early 20th century. Oliveira's grandsons Jorge Trêpa and Ricardo Trêpa portray Oliveira at different ages of his life.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> The film was screened in competition at the <a href="/wiki/58th_Venice_International_Film_Festival" title="58th Venice International Film Festival">2001 Venice Film Festival</a>, where it won the UNESCO Award. Oliveira made <a href="/wiki/The_Uncertainty_Principle_(film)" title="The Uncertainty Principle (film)">The Uncertainty Principle</a> (O Princípio da Incerteza) in 2002. It is based on the 2001 novel O Princípio da Incerteza: Jóia de Família by Agustina Bessa-Luís, which won the Grand Prize from the Portuguese Writer's Association. In the film, Leonor Baldaque plays Camila, who marries a man (Ivo Canelas) to help alleviate her family's financial difficulties instead of her boyfriend (Ricardo Trêpa). Camila's husband begins an affair with Vanessa (Leonor Silveira), which Camila is indifferent about. This infuriates Vanessa who proceeds to do everything she can to make Camila suffer. In the end, Vanessa and Camila's husband become involved with an illegal deal with some gangsters, which Camila refuses to help them with.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> The film was screened in competition at the <a href="/wiki/2002_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="2002 Cannes Film Festival">2002 Cannes Film Festival</a>. This was followed by <a href="/wiki/A_Talking_Picture" title="A Talking Picture">A Talking Picture</a> (Um Filme Falado), starring Leonor Silveira, Filipa de Almeida, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Deneuve" title="Catherine Deneuve">Catherine Deneuve</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Malkovich" title="John Malkovich">John Malkovich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irene_Papas" title="Irene Papas">Irene Papas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stefania_Sandrelli" title="Stefania Sandrelli">Stefania Sandrelli</a> in 2003. In the film, Silveira takes her young daughter (Almeida) on a cruise to Bombay to meet her father's family and teaches her about the history of the places that they pass through along the way. These sights include such places as <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marseilles" class="mw-redirect" title="Marseilles">Marseilles</a>, Athens, <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>. They also meet and learn about three successful women (Deneuve, Papas and Sandrelli) from certain location and have long conversations with the ship's captain (Malkovich), often dealing with the conflicts between Christianity and Islam.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The film was screened in competition at the <a href="/wiki/60th_Venice_International_Film_Festival" title="60th Venice International Film Festival">2003 Venice Film festival</a>, where it won the SIGNIS Award. <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manoel_de_Oliveira_Cannes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Manoel_de_Oliveira_Cannes.jpg/200px-Manoel_de_Oliveira_Cannes.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Manoel_de_Oliveira_Cannes.jpg/300px-Manoel_de_Oliveira_Cannes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Manoel_de_Oliveira_Cannes.jpg/400px-Manoel_de_Oliveira_Cannes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="604" /></a><figcaption>Oliveira at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival</figcaption></figure> In 2004, Oliveira made <a href="/wiki/The_Fifth_Empire" title="The Fifth Empire">The Fifth Empire</a> (O Quinto Império – Ontem Como Hoje), a highly political film based on the play El-Rey Sebastião by <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_R%C3%A9gio" title="José Régio">José Régio</a>. The film chronicles the history of <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebastian of Portugal">King Sebastian I of Portugal</a>, and at a screening at the <a href="/wiki/61st_Venice_International_Film_Festival" title="61st Venice International Film Festival">2004 Venice Film Festival</a> Oliveira acknowledged that US President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> had "a "Sebastianist" inclination in his expressed desire to spread democracy and freedom around the globe in his own version of the Fifth Empire."<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In the film, King Sebastian (Ricardo Trêpa) contemplates pursuing his crusade in the Middle East that would lead to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alc%C3%A1cer_Quibir" title="Battle of Alcácer Quibir">Battle of Alcácer Quibir</a> (where he would eventually die) and the counsel that he seeks from a variety of advisors, friends and family members. It portrays King Sebastian as obsessed with his place in history and with his own myth of himself, while creating violent situations all around him.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The film was screened at Venice out of competition as part of Oliveira's Career Golden Lion award.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Oliveira followed this with <a href="/wiki/Magic_Mirror_(film)" title="Magic Mirror (film)">Magic Mirror</a> (Espelho Mágico) in 2005. Based on the novel A Alma dos Ricos by <a href="/wiki/Agustina_Bessa-Lu%C3%ADs" title="Agustina Bessa-Luís">Agustina Bessa-Luís</a>, the film stars Leonor Silveira, Ricardo Trêpa, <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Miguel_Cintra" title="Luís Miguel Cintra">Luís Miguel Cintra</a>, Leonor Baldaque and <a href="/wiki/Michel_Piccoli" title="Michel Piccoli">Michel Piccoli</a> in a cameo, but was produced by José Miguel Cadilhe instead of <a href="/wiki/Paulo_Branco" title="Paulo Branco">Paulo Branco</a>. In the film, Silveira plays a wealthy woman who is determined to see a real apparition of the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a> with the help of Trêpa, who has recently been released from prison.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> In 2006, Oliveira made <a href="/wiki/Belle_Toujours" title="Belle Toujours">Belle Toujours</a>, a sequel to <a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Luis Buñuel</a>'s 1967 film, <a href="/wiki/Belle_de_Jour_(film)" title="Belle de Jour (film)">Belle de Jour</a>. The film stars <a href="/wiki/Bulle_Ogier" title="Bulle Ogier">Bulle Ogier</a> as Séverine Serizy and <a href="/wiki/Michel_Piccoli" title="Michel Piccoli">Michel Piccoli</a> reprising his original role of Henri Husson.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> In the film, Séverine reluctantly agrees to see Henri for the first time in forty years out of curiosity to know if her former blackmailer told her dying husband about her secret life as a prostitute.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Ricardo Trêpa and Leonor Baldaque also appear in supporting roles. Oliveira's 2007 film <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus_-_The_Enigma" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Columbus - The Enigma">Christopher Columbus - The Enigma</a> (Cristóvão Colombo – O Enigma) was shot partly in New York and starred Ricardo Trêpa. In 2009, Oliveira made <a href="/wiki/Eccentricities_of_a_Blonde-Haired_Girl" title="Eccentricities of a Blonde-Haired Girl">Eccentricities of a Blonde-Haired Girl</a> (Singularidades de uma Rapariga Loura), based on a short story by Eça de Queirós. The film starred Ricardo Trêpa and Catarina Wallenstein, who won Best Actress at the 2009 <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globes_(Portugal)" title="Golden Globes (Portugal)">Portuguese Golden Globe Awards</a>. Oliveira's 2010 film <a href="/wiki/The_Strange_Case_of_Angelica" title="The Strange Case of Angelica">The Strange Case of Angelica</a> starred Spanish actress <a href="/wiki/Pilar_L%C3%B3pez_de_Ayala" title="Pilar López de Ayala">Pilar López de Ayala</a> and was entered into the <a href="/wiki/Un_Certain_Regard" title="Un Certain Regard">Un Certain Regard</a> section of the <a href="/wiki/2010_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="2010 Cannes Film Festival">2010 Cannes Film Festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-festival-cannes.com-57">[57]</a> Oliveira's last feature film, <a href="/wiki/Gebo_et_l%27Ombre" class="mw-redirect" title="Gebo et l'Ombre">Gebo and the Shadow</a>, was released in 2012 and premiered at the <a href="/wiki/69th_Venice_International_Film_Festival" title="69th Venice International Film Festival">69th Venice International Film Festival</a>. The film stars <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lonsdale" title="Michael Lonsdale">Michael Lonsdale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Moreau" title="Jeanne Moreau">Jeanne Moreau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Cardinale" title="Claudia Cardinale">Claudia Cardinale</a>, Leonor Silveira, Ricardo Trêpa and <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Miguel_Cintra" title="Luís Miguel Cintra">Luís Miguel Cintra</a> and is based on the play The Hunchback and His Shadow by <a href="/wiki/Raul_Brand%C3%A3o" title="Raul Brandão">Raul Brandão</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> In November 2013, he announced production of the short film <a href="/wiki/The_Old_Man_of_Belem" title="The Old Man of Belem">The Old Man of Belem</a>, pending government funding.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> This was his last completed film and premiered at the <a href="/wiki/71st_Venice_International_Film_Festival" title="71st Venice International Film Festival">71st Venice International Film Festival</a> and was released in Porto in November 2014.<a href="#cite_note-hatton-60">[60]</a> Oliveira originally intended to shoot the film on a studio set, but because of his failing health it was shot in a garden close to his home in Porto. It was based on the novel The Penitent by Portuguese writer <a href="/wiki/Teixeira_de_Pascoaes" title="Teixeira de Pascoaes">Teixeira de Pascoaes</a> and starred Luís Miguel Cintra as Luís de Camões, Ricardo Trêpa as Don Quixote, Mário Barroso as Camilo Castelo Branco and Diogo Dória as Teixeira de Pascoaes. Some short clips from his previous films were edited into the short film, but he stated that it was neither an "overview" of his life's work nor a "farewell" to filmmaking. It was shot by cinematographer Renato Berta and edited by Valérie Loiseleux.<a href="#cite_note-dale-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_decorations">Honors and decorations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manoel_de_Oliveira&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Honors and decorations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manuel_de_Oliveira_r%C3%A9pondant_%C3%A0_Antonio_Tabucchi_(2008.07.03)-Romanceor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Manuel_de_Oliveira_r%C3%A9pondant_%C3%A0_Antonio_Tabucchi_%282008.07.03%29-Romanceor.jpg/250px-Manuel_de_Oliveira_r%C3%A9pondant_%C3%A0_Antonio_Tabucchi_%282008.07.03%29-Romanceor.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Manuel_de_Oliveira_r%C3%A9pondant_%C3%A0_Antonio_Tabucchi_%282008.07.03%29-Romanceor.jpg/375px-Manuel_de_Oliveira_r%C3%A9pondant_%C3%A0_Antonio_Tabucchi_%282008.07.03%29-Romanceor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Manuel_de_Oliveira_r%C3%A9pondant_%C3%A0_Antonio_Tabucchi_%282008.07.03%29-Romanceor.jpg/500px-Manuel_de_Oliveira_r%C3%A9pondant_%C3%A0_Antonio_Tabucchi_%282008.07.03%29-Romanceor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2805" data-file-height="1870" /></a><figcaption>Oliveira answering <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tabucchi" title="Antonio Tabucchi">Antonio Tabucchi</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9math%C3%A8que_Fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinémathèque Française">Cinémathèque Française</a> on July 3, 2008</figcaption></figure> In 1989 and in 2008, Oliveira was awarded doctorate degrees <a href="/wiki/Honoris_causa" class="mw-redirect" title="Honoris causa">honoris causa</a> by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Porto" title="University of Porto">University of Porto</a> and by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Algarve" class="mw-redirect" title="University of the Algarve">University of the Algarve</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> He was also awarded the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._James_of_the_Sword" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. James of the Sword">Order of St. James of the Sword</a> by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal" title="President of Portugal">President of Portugal</a>. In addition, he received multiple honours such as those of the <a href="/wiki/Cannes_film_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannes film festival">Cannes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venice_film_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Venice film festival">Venice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montreal_World_Film_Festival" title="Montreal World Film Festival">Montréal</a> film festivals. He was awarded two Career <a href="/wiki/Golden_Lion" title="Golden Lion">Golden Lions</a>, in 1985 and 2004, and an Honorary Golden Palm for his lifetime achievements in 2008. In 2002, Portuguese architect <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Souto_de_Moura" title="Eduardo Souto de Moura">Eduardo Souto de Moura</a> completed "Cinema House" in Porto, which was designed to commemorate the work of Oliveira.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> In November 2012, Oliveira was honored with a week-long tribute and retrospective at the 16th Citéphilo in Lille, France.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> In March 2013, Oliveira attended a screening of Aniki-Bóbó at the <a href="/wiki/Fantasporto" title="Fantasporto">International Film Festival of Porto</a>, which commemorated the 70th anniversary of the film.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> On December 10, 2014, Oliveira was appointed grand officier of the French <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_d%E2%80%99Honneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Légion d’Honneur">Légion d’Honneur</a> in a ceremony conducted by France's ambassador to Portugal at the Museu da Fundação Serralves in Porto.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manoel_de_Oliveira&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manoel_de_Oliveira_3_juillet_2008-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Manoel_de_Oliveira_3_juillet_2008-2.jpg/200px-Manoel_de_Oliveira_3_juillet_2008-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Manoel_de_Oliveira_3_juillet_2008-2.jpg/300px-Manoel_de_Oliveira_3_juillet_2008-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Manoel_de_Oliveira_3_juillet_2008-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="393" /></a><figcaption>Oliveira in 2008</figcaption></figure> Manoel de Oliveira married Maria Isabel Brandão de Meneses de Almeida Carvalhais (1 September 1918 - 11 September 2019) in <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a> on December 4, 1940.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> They remained married for nearly 75 years and had four children; their two sons are Manuel Casimiro Brandão Carvalhais de Oliveira (a painter born in 1941 known as <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Casimiro" title="Manuel Casimiro">Manuel Casimiro</a>), Jose Manuel Brandão Carvalhais de Oliveira (born 1944), and their two daughters Maria Isabel Brandão Carvalhais de Oliveira (born 1947) and Adelaide Maria Brandão Carvalhais de Oliveira (born 1948). They have several grandchildren, including actor <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Tr%C3%AApa" title="Ricardo Trêpa">Ricardo Trêpa</a> through his youngest daughter.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> In his younger days, Oliveira competed as a race car driver. During the <a href="/wiki/1937_Grand_Prix_season" title="1937 Grand Prix season">1937 Grand Prix season</a>, he competed in and won the International <a href="/wiki/Estoril" title="Estoril">Estoril</a> Circuit race, driving a <a href="/wiki/Ford_V8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford V8">Ford V8</a> Special.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Manoel de Oliveira, at the age of 101, was chosen to give the welcoming speech at <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>'s meeting with representatives of the Portuguese cultural world on May 12, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m_Cultural_Center" title="Belém Cultural Center">Belém Cultural Center</a>. In the speech, titled "Religion and Art", he said that morality and art may well have derived from the religious attempt at "an explanation of the existence of human beings" with regard to their "concrete insertion in the Cosmos". The arts "have always been strictly linked to religions" and Christianity has been "prodigal in artistic expressions".<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> In an interview published the day before, Oliveira, who was raised a Catholic, said that, "doubts or not, the religious aspect of life has always accompanied me," and added, "All my films are religious."<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> For several years before Oliveira's death, a feature film called A Igreja do Diabo (The Church of the Devil) was in development. In an interview conducted less than five months before his death, Oliveira revealed that he had plans for future films.<a href="#cite_note-dale-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Declining_health_and_death">Declining health and death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manoel_de_Oliveira&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Declining health and death">edit</a>]</div> In July 2012, Oliveira spent a week in hospital to treat a respiratory infection and congestive heart failure.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Oliveira died in Porto on 2 April 2015, aged 106. He was survived by a wife, four children, and numerous grandchildren and great-grandchildren.<a href="#cite_note-hatton-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manoel_de_Oliveira&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Filmography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Features">Features</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manoel_de_Oliveira&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Features">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>1942 <a href="/wiki/Aniki-B%C3%B3b%C3%B3" title="Aniki-Bóbó">Aniki-Bóbó</a></li> <li>1963 <a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Spring_(film)" title="Rite of Spring (film)">Rite of Spring</a></li> <li>1972 <a href="/wiki/Past_and_Present_(1972_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Past and Present (1972 film)">Past and Present</a></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Benilde_or_the_Virgin_Mother" title="Benilde or the Virgin Mother">Benilde or the Virgin Mother</a></li> <li>1978 <a href="/wiki/Amor_de_Perdi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(1979_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amor de Perdição (1979 film)">Doomed Love</a></li> <li>1981 <a href="/wiki/Francisca_(film)" title="Francisca (film)">Francisca</a></li> <li>1985 <a href="/wiki/The_Satin_Slipper_(1985_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Satin Slipper (1985 film)">The Satin Slipper</a></li> <li>1986 <a href="/wiki/My_Case" title="My Case">My Case</a></li> <li>1988 <a href="/wiki/The_Cannibals_(1988_film)" title="The Cannibals (1988 film)">The Cannibals</a></li> <li>1990 <a href="/wiki/No,_or_the_Vain_Glory_of_Command" title="No, or the Vain Glory of Command">No, or the Vain Glory of Command</a></li> <li>1991 <a href="/wiki/The_Divine_Comedy_(1991_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Divine Comedy (1991 film)">The Divine Comedy</a></li> <li>1992 <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Despair" title="Day of Despair">Day of Despair</a></li> <li>1993 <a href="/wiki/Abraham%27s_Valley" title="Abraham's Valley">Abraham's Valley</a></li> <li>1994 <a href="/wiki/A_Caixa" title="A Caixa">The Box</a></li> <li>1995 <a href="/wiki/The_Convent_(1995_film)" title="The Convent (1995 film)">The Convent</a></li> <li>1996 <a href="/wiki/Party_(1996_film)" title="Party (1996 film)">Party</a></li> <li>1997 <a href="/wiki/Voyage_to_the_Beginning_of_the_World" title="Voyage to the Beginning of the World">Voyage to the Beginning of the World</a></li> <li>1998 <a href="/wiki/Anxiety_(1998_film)" title="Anxiety (1998 film)">Anxiety</a></li> <li>1999 <a href="/wiki/The_Letter_(1999_film)" title="The Letter (1999 film)">The Letter</a></li> <li>2000 <a href="/wiki/Word_and_Utopia" title="Word and Utopia">Word and Utopia</a></li> <li>2001 <a href="/wiki/I%27m_Going_Home_(film)" title="I'm Going Home (film)">I'm Going Home</a></li> <li>2001 <a href="/wiki/Porto_of_My_Childhood" title="Porto of My Childhood">Porto of My Childhood</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/The_Uncertainty_Principle_(film)" title="The Uncertainty Principle (film)">The Uncertainty Principle</a></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/A_Talking_Picture" title="A Talking Picture">A Talking Picture</a></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/The_Fifth_Empire" title="The Fifth Empire">The Fifth Empire</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/Magic_Mirror_(film)" title="Magic Mirror (film)">Magic Mirror</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Belle_Toujours" title="Belle Toujours">Belle Toujours</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus_-_The_Enigma" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Columbus - The Enigma">Christopher Columbus - The Enigma</a></li> <li>2009 <a href="/wiki/Eccentricities_of_a_Blonde-Haired_Girl" title="Eccentricities of a Blonde-Haired Girl">Eccentricities of a Blonde-Haired Girl</a></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/The_Strange_Case_of_Angelica" title="The Strange Case of Angelica">The Strange Case of Angelica</a></li> <li>2012 <a href="/wiki/Gebo_et_l%27Ombre" class="mw-redirect" title="Gebo et l'Ombre">Gebo and the Shadow</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Documentaries_and_shorts">Documentaries and shorts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manoel_de_Oliveira&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Documentaries and shorts">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>1931 <a href="/wiki/Douro,_Faina_Fluvial" title="Douro, Faina Fluvial">Douro, Faina Fluvial</a></li> <li>1932 Hulha Branca</li> <li>1932 Estátuas de Lisboa</li> <li>1937 Os Últimos Temporais: Cheias do Tejo</li> <li>1938 Miramar, Praia das Rosas</li> <li>1938 Já se fabricam automóveis em Portugal</li> <li>1941 Famalicão</li> <li>1956 <a href="/wiki/The_Artist_and_the_City" title="The Artist and the City">The Artist and the City</a></li> <li>1958 O Coração</li> <li>1959 O Pão</li> <li>1963 <a href="/wiki/The_Hunt_(1963_film)" title="The Hunt (1963 film)">The Hunt</a> (short narrative)</li> <li>1964 Villa Verdinho: Uma Aldeia Transmontana</li> <li>1965 As Pinturas do meu Irmão Júlio</li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/Visit_or_Memories_and_Confessions" title="Visit or Memories and Confessions">Visit or Memories and Confessions</a></li> <li>1983 Lisboa Cultural</li> <li>1983 Nice... À Propos de Jean Vigo </li> <li>1986 Simpósio Internacional de Escultura em Pedra</li> <li>1988 A Propósito da Bandeira Nacional </li> <li>2002 Momento (short)</li> <li>2005 Do Visível ao Invisível (short)</li> <li>2006 O Improvável não é Impossível (short)</li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/To_Each_His_Own_Cinema" title="To Each His Own Cinema">Rencontre Unique</a> (short segment from <a href="/wiki/To_Each_His_Own_Cinema" title="To Each His Own Cinema">To Each His Own Cinema</a>)</li> <li>2008 O Vitral e a Santa Morta (short)</li> <li>2008 Romance de Vila do Conde (short)</li> <li>2010 Painéis de São Vicente de Fora, Visão Poética</li> <li>2011 Do Visível ao Invisível (short segment from Mundo Invisível)</li> <li>2012 O Conquistador Conquistado (segment from Centro Histórico)</li> <li>2014 <a href="/wiki/The_Old_Man_of_Belem" title="The Old Man of Belem">O Velho do Restelo</a> (The Old Man of Belem)</li> <li>2015 Um Século de Energia (short documentary)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manoel_de_Oliveira&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLim2008" class="citation news cs1">Lim, Dennis (March 9, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/09/movies/09lim.html">"Centenarian Director's Very Long View"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Centenarian+Director%27s+Very+Long+View&rft.date=2008-03-09&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F03%2F09%2Fmovies%2F09lim.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManoel+de+Oliveira" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0210701/awards">"IMDB"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a>. June 1, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=IMDB&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fname%2Fnm0210701%2Fawards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManoel+de+Oliveira" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Johnson, Randal. Manoel de Oliveira. University of Illinois Press. 2007. p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a> dated February 5, 1996, p. 3 </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmreference.com/film/48/Manoel-Oliveira.html">"Manoel Oliveira Biography (1908-)"</a>. 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World Film Directors, Volume 1. The H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. pp. 832–837. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> Stone, Judy. Eye on the World: Conversations with International Filmmakers. 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Contemporary Film Directors series. 2007.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manoel_de_Oliveira&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>(in Portuguese) O Cais do Olhar by <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Matos-Cruz" title="José de Matos-Cruz">José de Matos-Cruz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinemateca_Portuguesa" title="Cinemateca Portuguesa">Cinemateca Portuguese</a>, 1999</li> <li>Francesco Saverio Nisio, "Manoel de Oliveira. Cinema, parola, politica", Recco (Ge), Le Mani, 2010, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-8012-544-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-8012-544-0">978-88-8012-544-0</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manoel_de_Oliveira&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Manoel_de_Oliveira" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Manoel de Oliveira">Manoel de Oliveira</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmovie.com/artist/p118189">Manoel de Oliveira</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMovie" title="AllMovie">AllMovie</a> <a 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Films_directed_by_Manoel_de_Oliveira" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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id="Films_directed_by_Manoel_de_Oliveira" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Films directed by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manoel de Oliveira</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douro,_Faina_Fluvial" title="Douro, Faina Fluvial">Douro, Faina Fluvial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aniki-B%C3%B3b%C3%B3" title="Aniki-Bóbó">Aniki-Bóbó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Artist_and_the_City" title="The Artist and the City">The Artist and the City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Spring_(film)" title="Rite of Spring (film)">Rite of Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hunt_(1963_film)" title="The Hunt (1963 film)">The Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Past_and_Present_(film)" title="Past and Present (film)">Past and Present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benilde_or_the_Virgin_Mother" title="Benilde or the Virgin Mother">Benilde or the Virgin Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amor_de_Perdi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(1978_film)" title="Amor de Perdição (1978 film)">Doomed Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisca_(film)" title="Francisca (film)">Francisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Satin_Slipper_(film)" title="The Satin Slipper (film)">The Satin Slipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Case" title="My Case">My Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cannibals_(1988_film)" title="The Cannibals (1988 film)">The Cannibals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No,_or_the_Vain_Glory_of_Command" title="No, or the Vain Glory of Command">No, or the Vain Glory of Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Divine_Comedy_(film)" title="The Divine Comedy (film)">The Divine Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Despair" title="Day of Despair">Day of Despair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham%27s_Valley" title="Abraham's Valley">Abraham's Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Caixa" title="A Caixa">The Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Convent_(1995_film)" title="The Convent (1995 film)">The Convent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_(1996_film)" title="Party (1996 film)">Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyage_to_the_Beginning_of_the_World" title="Voyage to the Beginning of the World">Voyage to the Beginning of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anxiety_(1998_film)" title="Anxiety (1998 film)">Anxiety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Letter_(1999_film)" title="The Letter (1999 film)">The Letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_and_Utopia" title="Word and Utopia">Word and Utopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27m_Going_Home_(film)" title="I'm Going Home (film)">I'm Going Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_of_My_Childhood" title="Porto of My Childhood">Porto of My Childhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Uncertainty_Principle_(film)" title="The Uncertainty Principle (film)">The Uncertainty Principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Talking_Picture" title="A Talking Picture">A Talking Picture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fifth_Empire" title="The Fifth Empire">The Fifth Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Mirror_(film)" title="Magic Mirror (film)">Magic Mirror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belle_Toujours" title="Belle Toujours">Belle Toujours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus_%E2%80%93_The_Enigma" title="Christopher Columbus – The Enigma">Christopher Columbus – The Enigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eccentricities_of_a_Blonde-Haired_Girl" title="Eccentricities of a Blonde-Haired Girl">Eccentricities of a Blonde-Haired Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Strange_Case_of_Angelica" title="The Strange Case of Angelica">The Strange Case of Angelica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebo_and_the_Shadow" title="Gebo and the Shadow">Gebo and the Shadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Man_of_Belem" title="The Old Man of Belem">The Old Man of Belem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visit_or_Memories_and_Confessions" title="Visit or Memories and Confessions">Visit or Memories and Confessions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Golden_Lion_for_Lifetime_Achievement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Lion_for_Lifetime_Achievement" title="Template:Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Golden_Lion_for_Lifetime_Achievement" title="Template talk:Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Lion_for_Lifetime_Achievement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Golden_Lion_for_Lifetime_Achievement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Lion_for_Lifetime_Achievement" title="Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement">Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1969–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Luis Buñuel</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Carn%C3%A9" title="Marcel Carné">Marcel Carné</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anatoli_Golovnya" title="Anatoli Golovnya">Anatoli Golovnya</a> / <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Blasetti" title="Alessandro Blasetti">Alessandro Blasetti</a> / <a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Luis Buñuel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Cukor" title="George Cukor">George Cukor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kluge" title="Alexander Kluge">Alexander Kluge</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Powell" title="Michael Powell">Michael Powell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a> / <a href="/wiki/King_Vidor" title="King Vidor">King Vidor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Yutkevich" title="Sergei Yutkevich">Sergei Yutkevich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Zavattini" title="Cesare Zavattini">Cesare Zavattini</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Michelangelo Antonioni</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_and_Vittorio_Taviani" title="Paolo and Vittorio Taviani">Paolo and Vittorio Taviani</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Comencini" title="Luigi Comencini">Luigi Comencini</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Mankiewicz" title="Joseph L. Mankiewicz">Joseph L. Mankiewicz</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joris_Ivens" title="Joris Ivens">Joris Ivens</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bresson" title="Robert Bresson">Robert Bresson</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Jancs%C3%B3" title="Miklós Jancsó">Miklós Jancsó</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marcello_Mastroianni" title="Marcello Mastroianni">Marcello Mastroianni</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Monicelli" title="Mario Monicelli">Mario Monicelli</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gian_Maria_Volont%C3%A9" title="Gian Maria Volonté">Gian Maria Volonté</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Moreau" title="Jeanne Moreau">Jeanne Moreau</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Villaggio" title="Paolo Villaggio">Paolo Villaggio</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Cardinale" title="Claudia Cardinale">Claudia Cardinale</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roman_Polanski" title="Roman Polanski">Roman Polanski</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suso_Cecchi_d%27Amico" title="Suso Cecchi d'Amico">Suso Cecchi d'Amico</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ken_Loach" title="Ken Loach">Ken Loach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_De_Santis" title="Giuseppe De Santis">Giuseppe De Santis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Goffredo_Lombardo" title="Goffredo Lombardo">Goffredo Lombardo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alain_Resnais" title="Alain Resnais">Alain Resnais</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Sordi" title="Alberto Sordi">Alberto Sordi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Monica_Vitti" title="Monica Vitti">Monica Vitti</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Gassman" title="Vittorio Gassman">Vittorio Gassman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Morgan" title="Michèle Morgan">Michèle Morgan</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu" title="Gérard Depardieu">Gérard Depardieu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alida_Valli" title="Alida Valli">Alida Valli</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Wajda" title="Andrzej Wajda">Andrzej Wajda</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lewis" title="Jerry Lewis">Jerry Lewis</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Rohmer" title="Éric Rohmer">Éric Rohmer</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dino_Risi" title="Dino Risi">Dino Risi</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dino_De_Laurentiis" title="Dino De Laurentiis">Dino De Laurentiis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Omar_Sharif" title="Omar Sharif">Omar Sharif</a> (2003)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manoel de Oliveira</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Donen" title="Stanley Donen">Stanley Donen</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki" title="Hayao Miyazaki">Hayao Miyazaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stefania_Sandrelli" title="Stefania Sandrelli">Stefania Sandrelli</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermanno_Olmi" title="Ermanno Olmi">Ermanno Olmi</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lasseter" title="John Lasseter">John Lasseter</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Woo" title="John Woo">John Woo</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Bellocchio" title="Marco Bellocchio">Marco Bellocchio</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Rosi" title="Francesco Rosi">Francesco Rosi</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Friedkin" title="William Friedkin">William Friedkin</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelma_Schoonmaker" title="Thelma Schoonmaker">Thelma Schoonmaker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Wiseman" title="Frederick Wiseman">Frederick Wiseman</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Tavernier" title="Bertrand Tavernier">Bertrand Tavernier</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Belmondo" title="Jean-Paul Belmondo">Jean-Paul Belmondo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Skolimowski" title="Jerzy Skolimowski">Jerzy Skolimowski</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cronenberg" title="David Cronenberg">David Cronenberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Almod%C3%B3var" title="Pedro Almodóvar">Pedro Almodóvar</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Hui" title="Ann Hui">Ann Hui</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tilda_Swinton" title="Tilda Swinton">Tilda Swinton</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Benigni" title="Roberto Benigni">Roberto Benigni</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Lee_Curtis" title="Jamie Lee Curtis">Jamie Lee Curtis</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Deneuve" title="Catherine Deneuve">Catherine Deneuve</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Schrader" title="Paul Schrader">Paul Schrader</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liliana_Cavani" title="Liliana Cavani">Liliana Cavani</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tony_Leung_Chiu-wai" title="Tony Leung Chiu-wai">Tony Leung Chiu-wai</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigourney_Weaver" title="Sigourney Weaver">Sigourney Weaver</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Weir" title="Peter Weir">Peter Weir</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Order_of_Cultural_Merit_(Brazil)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Order_of_Cultural_Merit" title="Template:Order of Cultural Merit"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Order_of_Cultural_Merit" title="Template talk:Order of Cultural Merit"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Order_of_Cultural_Merit" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Order of Cultural Merit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Order_of_Cultural_Merit_(Brazil)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ordem_do_M%C3%A9rito_Cultural" title="Ordem do Mérito Cultural">Order of Cultural Merit</a> (Brazil)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Magalh%C3%A3es" title="Antônio Carlos Magalhães">Antônio Carlos Magalhães</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celso_Furtado" title="Celso Furtado">Celso Furtado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernanda_Montenegro" title="Fernanda Montenegro">Fernanda Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3osinho_Trinta" title="Joãosinho Trinta">Joãosinho Trinta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Amado" title="Jorge Amado">Jorge Amado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mindlin" title="José Mindlin">José Mindlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Sarney" title="José Sarney">José Sarney</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Francisco_do_Nascimento_Brito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Francisco do Nascimento Brito (page does not exist)">Nascimento Brito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nise_da_Silveira" title="Nise da Silveira">Nise da Silveira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Maria_Bardi" title="Pietro Maria Bardi">Pietro Maria Bardi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricardo_Gribel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ricardo Gribel (page does not exist)">Ricardo Gribel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Marinho" title="Roberto Marinho">Roberto Marinho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athos_Bulc%C3%A3o" title="Athos Bulcão">Athos Bulcão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibi_Ferreira" title="Bibi Ferreira">Bibi Ferreira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryb%C3%A9" title="Carybé">Carybé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Eduardo_Moreira_Ferreira" title="Carlos Eduardo Moreira Ferreira">Carlos Eduardo Moreira Ferreira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edemar_Cid_Ferreira" title="Edemar Cid Ferreira">Edemar Cid Ferreira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Brennand" title="Francisco Brennand">Francisco Brennand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Franco_Montoro" class="mw-redirect" title="André Franco Montoro">Franco Montoro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jens_Olesen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jens Olesen (page does not exist)">Jens Olesen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joel_Mendes_Renn%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joel Mendes Rennó (page does not exist)">Joel Mendes Rennó</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Justo_Guedes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Justo Guedes (page does not exist)">Max Justo Guedes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deosc%C3%B3redes_Maximiliano_dos_Santos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deoscóredes Maximiliano dos Santos (page does not exist)">Mestre Didi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9lida_Pi%C3%B1on" title="Nélida Piñon">Nélida Piñon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olavo_Set%C3%BAbal" title="Olavo Setúbal">Olavo Setúbal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrique_Cl%C3%A1udio_de_Lima_Vaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henrique Cláudio de Lima Vaz (page does not exist)">Padre Vaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9rgio_Motta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sérgio Motta (page does not exist)">Sérgio Motta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Salles" title="Walter Salles">Walter Salles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lia_Prado" title="Adélia Prado">Adélia Prado</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ant%C3%B4nio_Poteiro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antônio Poteiro (page does not exist)">Antônio Poteiro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ant%C3%B4nio_Salgado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antônio Salgado (page does not exist)">Antônio Salgado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braguinha_(composer)" title="Braguinha (composer)">Braguinha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Assayag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Assayag (page does not exist)">David Assayag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_Pacheco" title="Diogo Pacheco">Diogo Pacheco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estelita_Rodrigues_Borralho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estelita Rodrigues Borralho (page does not exist)">Dona Lenoca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayga_Ostrower" title="Fayga Ostrower">Fayga Ostrower</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilberto_Chateaubriand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilberto Chateaubriand (page does not exist)">Gilberto Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilberto_Ferrez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilberto Ferrez (page does not exist)">Gilberto Ferrez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Severo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helena Severo (page does not exist)">Helena Severo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilda_Hilst" title="Hilda Hilst">Hilda Hilst</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jorge_da_Cunha_Lima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jorge da Cunha Lima (page does not exist)">Jorge da Cunha Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jorge_Gerdau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jorge Gerdau (page does not exist)">Jorge Gerdau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Erm%C3%ADrio_de_Moraes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Ermírio de Moraes (page does not exist)">José Ermírio de Moraes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Safra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Safra (page does not exist)">José Safra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BAcio_Costa" title="Lúcio Costa">Lúcio Costa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lu%C3%ADs_Carlos_Barreto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luís Carlos Barreto (page does not exist)">Luís Carlos Barreto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olga_Francisca_R%C3%A9gis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olga Francisca Régis (page does not exist)">Mãe Olga do Alaketu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcos_Vila%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcos Vilaça (page does not exist)">Marcos Vilaça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Clara_Machado" title="Maria Clara Machado">Maria Clara Machado</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Anthony_Broughton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Anthony Broughton (page does not exist)">Robert Broughton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubiratan_Aguiar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ubiratan Aguiar (page does not exist)">Ubiratan Aguiar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wladimir_Murtinho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wladimir Murtinho (page does not exist)">Wladimir Murtinho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abram_Szajman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abram Szajman (page does not exist)">Abram Szajman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altamiro_Carrilho" title="Altamiro Carrilho">Altamiro Carrilho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Britto" title="Antônio Britto">Antônio Britto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariano_Suassuna" title="Ariano Suassuna">Ariano Suassuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Diegues" title="Carlos Diegues">Carlos Diegues</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9cio_de_Almeida_Prado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Décio de Almeida Prado (page does not exist)">Décio de Almeida Prado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Weissmann" title="Franz Weissmann">Franz Weissmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Carlos_Martins" title="João Carlos Martins">João Carlos Martins</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Hugo_Celid%C3%B4nio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Hugo Celidônio (page does not exist)">José Hugo Celidônio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lily_Marinho" title="Lily Marinho">Lily Marinho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A3e_Cleusa_Millet" title="Mãe Cleusa Millet">Mãe Cleusa Millet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milu_Villela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milu Villela (page does not exist)">Milu Villela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Jorge" title="Miguel Jorge">Miguel Jorge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neuma_Gon%C3%A7alves_da_Silva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neuma Gonçalves da Silva (page does not exist)">Dona Neuma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oct%C3%A1vio_Frias_de_Oliveira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octávio Frias de Oliveira (page does not exist)">Octavio Frias</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olavo_Egydio_Monteiro_de_Carvalho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olavo Egydio Monteiro de Carvalho (page does not exist)">Olavo Monteiro de Carvalho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Autran" title="Paulo Autran">Paulo Autran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_C%C3%A9sar_Ximenes" title="Paulo César Ximenes">Paulo César Ximenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roseana_Sarney" title="Roseana Sarney">Roseana Sarney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Rocha" title="Ruth Rocha">Ruth Rocha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruy_Mesquita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruy Mesquita (page does not exist)">Ruy Mesquita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A3o_Salgado" title="Sebastião Salgado">Sebastião Salgado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hugo_Khouri" title="Walter Hugo Khouri">Walter Hugo Khouri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zenildo_Gonzaga_Zoroastro_de_Lucena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zenildo Gonzaga Zoroastro de Lucena (page does not exist)">Zenildo Gonzaga Zoroastro de Lucena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abraham_Koogan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abraham Koogan (page does not exist)">Abraham Koogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almir_Gabriel" title="Almir Gabriel">Almir Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysio_de_Andrade_Faria" title="Aloysio de Andrade Faria">Aloysio Faria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ana_Maria_Diniz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ana Maria Diniz (page does not exist)">Ana Maria Diniz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_Vianna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angel Vianna (page does not exist)">Angel Vianna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Houaiss" title="Antônio Houaiss">Antônio Houaiss</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatriz_Pimenta_Camargo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beatriz Pimenta Camargo (page does not exist)">Beatriz Pimenta Camargo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecyla_Brand%C3%A3o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecyla Brandão (page does not exist)">Ecyla Brandão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Iglesias" title="Enrique Iglesias">Enrique Iglesias</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esther_Bertoletti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esther Bertoletti (page does not exist)">Esther Bertoletti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lio_Jaguaribe" title="Hélio Jaguaribe">Hélio Jaguaribe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herm%C3%ADnio_Bello_de_Carvalho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermínio Bello de Carvalho (page does not exist)">Hermínio Bello de Carvalho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Francisco_Borges" title="José Francisco Borges">J. Borges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Antunes" title="João Antunes">João Antunes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Stella_de_Azevedo_Santos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maria Stella de Azevedo Santos (page does not exist)">Mãe Stella de Oxóssi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Cec%C3%ADlia_Geyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maria Cecília Geyer (page does not exist)">Maria Cecília Geyer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Delith_Balaban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maria Delith Balaban (page does not exist)">Maria Delith Balaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1rio_Covas" title="Mário Covas">Mário Covas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo%C3%A3o_Carlos_D%27%C3%81vila_Paix%C3%A3o_C%C3%B4rtes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="João Carlos D'Ávila Paixão Côrtes (page does not exist)">Paixão Côrtes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paulo_Fontainha_Geyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paulo Fontainha Geyer (page does not exist)">Paulo Fontainha Geyer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romero_Magalh%C3%A3es&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romero Magalhães (page does not exist)">Romero Magalhães</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Novaes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Washington Novaes (page does not exist)">Washington Novaes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ana_Maria_Machado" title="Ana Maria Machado">Ana Maria Machado</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Gutierrez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angela Gutierrez (page does not exist)">Angela Gutierrez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argemiro_Geraldo_de_Barros_Wanderley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argemiro Geraldo de Barros Wanderley (page does not exist)">Dom Geraldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalal_Achcar" title="Dalal Achcar">Dalal Achcar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edino_Krieger" title="Edino Krieger">Edino Krieger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_D%27Angelo_Serra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth D'Angelo Serra (page does not exist)">Elizabeth D'Angelo Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firmino_Ferreira_Sampaio_Neto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Firmino Ferreira Sampaio Neto (page does not exist)">Firmino Ferreira Sampaio Neto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siron_Franco" title="Siron Franco">Siron Franco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianfrancesco_Guarnieri" title="Gianfrancesco Guarnieri">Gianfrancesco Guarnieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilberto_Gil" title="Gilberto Gil">Gilberto Gil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Alves_Antunes_Filho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Alves 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href="/w/index.php?title=Pl%C3%ADnio_Pacheco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plínio Pacheco (page does not exist)">Plínio Pacheco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodrigo_Pederneiras_Barbosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodrigo Pederneiras Barbosa (page does not exist)">Rodrigo Pederneiras Barbosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Escobar" title="Ruth Escobar">Ruth Escobar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabine_Lovatelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabine Lovatelli (page does not exist)">Sabine Lovatelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9rgio_Paulo_Rouanet" title="Sérgio Paulo Rouanet">Sérgio Paulo Rouanet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9rgio_Silva_do_Amaral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sérgio Silva do Amaral (page does not exist)">Sérgio Amaral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomaz_Farkas" title="Thomaz Farkas">Thomaz Farkas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tizuka_Yamasaki" title="Tizuka Yamasaki">Tizuka 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href="/wiki/Paulinho_da_Viola" title="Paulinho da Viola">Paulinho da Viola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilar_del_Castillo" title="Pilar del Castillo">Pilar del Castillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purificaci%C3%B3n_Carpinteyro_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Purificación Carpinteyro Calderón">Purificación Carpinteyro Calderón</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sari_Berm%C3%BAdez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sari Bermúdez (page does not exist)">Sari Bermúdez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Copps" title="Sheila Copps">Sheila Copps</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syn%C3%A9sio_Scofano_Fernandes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synésio Scofano Fernandes (page does not exist)">Synésio Scofano Fernandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiago_de_Mello" title="Thiago de Mello">Thiago de Mello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dona_Ivone_Lara" title="Dona Ivone Lara">Yvonne Lara da Costa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alberto_Alves_da_Silva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alberto Alves da Silva (page does not exist)">Alberto Alves da Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_Botafogo" title="Ana Botafogo">Ana Botafogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candace_Slater" title="Candace Slater">Candace Slater</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Roberto_Faccina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlos Roberto Faccina (page does not exist)">Carlos Roberto Faccina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_University_of_Juiz_de_Fora" title="Federal University of Juiz de Fora">Centro Cultural Pró-Música</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalva_Lazaroni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalva Lazaroni (page does not exist)">Dalva Lazaroni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominguinhos" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Orlando_Villas-B%C3%B4as&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orlando Villas-Bôas (page does not exist)">Orlando Villas-Bôas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ozualdo_Candeias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ozualdo Candeias (page does not exist)">Ozualdo Candeias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Jos%C3%A9" title="Paulo José">Paulo José</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Mendes_da_Rocha" title="Paulo Mendes da Rocha">Paulo Mendes da Rocha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pel%C3%A9" title="Pelé">Pelé</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povo_Panar%C3%A1,_Mato_Grosso_e_Par%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povo Panará, Mato Grosso e Pará (page does not exist)">Povo Panará, Mato Grosso e Pará</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Pracatum_A%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Social&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Associação Pracatum Ação Social (page does not exist)">Pracatum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Projeto_Dan%C3%A7a_Comunidade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Projeto Dança Comunidade (page does not exist)">Projeto Dança Comunidade</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulsar_Companhia_de_Dan%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulsar Companhia de Dança (page does not exist)">Pulsar Companhia de Dança</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_de_Queiroz" title="Rachel de Queiroz">Rachel de Queiroz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_Russo" title="Renato Russo">Renato Russo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=As_Ceguinhas_de_Campina_Grande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="As Ceguinhas de Campina Grande (page does not exist)">As Ceguinhas de Campina Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teatro_Oficina" title="Teatro Oficina">Teatro Oficina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Violeta_Arraes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Violeta Arraes (page does not exist)">Violeta Arraes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_das_Dores_dos_Santos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maria das Dores dos Santos (page does not exist)">Vó Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Firmo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Firmo (page does not exist)">Walter Firmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waly_Salom%C3%A3o" title="Waly Salomão">Waly Salomão</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Bosi" title="Alfredo Bosi">Alfredo Bosi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ana_Leopoldina_dos_Santos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ana Leopoldina dos Santos (page does not exist)">Ana das Carrancas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Jer%C3%B4nimo_de_Meneses_Neto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Jerônimo de Meneses Neto 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title="União Nacional dos Estudantes">CUCA/UNE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleyde_Y%C3%A1conis" title="Cleyde Yáconis">Cleyde Yáconis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cl%C3%B3vis_Moura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clóvis Moura (page does not exist)">Clóvis Moura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darcy_Ribeiro" title="Darcy Ribeiro">Darcy Ribeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Coutinho" title="Eduardo Coutinho">Eduardo Coutinho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egberto_Gismonti" title="Egberto Gismonti">Egberto Gismonti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliane_Lage" title="Eliane Lage">Eliane Lage</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grupo_Bandolins_de_Oeiras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grupo Bandolins de Oeiras (page does not exist)">Grupo Bandolins de Oeiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Salvador" title="Henri Salvador">Henri Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isabel_Mendes_da_Cunha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isabel Mendes da 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href="/wiki/Militana_Salustino_do_Nascimento" class="mw-redirect" title="Militana Salustino do Nascimento">Dona Militana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manguebeat" class="mw-redirect" title="Manguebeat">Movimento Manguebeat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Museu_Casa_do_Pontal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museu Casa do Pontal (page does not exist)">Museu Casa do Pontal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nei_Lopes" title="Nei Lopes">Nei Lopes</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nino_Fernandes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nino Fernandes (page does not exist)">Nino Fernandes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xang%C3%B4_da_Mangueira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xangô da Mangueira (page does not exist)">Olivério Ferreira</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paulo_Linhares&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paulo Linhares (page does not exist)">Paulo Linhares</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Avanzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Avanzi (page does not exist)">Roger Avanzi</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_de_Souza" title="Ruth de Souza">Ruth de Souza</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silviano_Santiago" title="Silviano Santiago">Silviano Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mestre_Pastinha" class="mw-redirect" title="Mestre Pastinha">Vicente Joaquim Ferreira Pastinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziraldo" title="Ziraldo">Ziraldo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Haddad" title="Amir Haddad">Amir Haddad</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banda_de_P%C3%ADfanos_de_Caruaru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banda de Pífanos de Caruaru (page does not exist)">Banda de Pífanos de Caruaru</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berthold_Zilly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berthold Zilly (page does not exist)">Berthold Zilly</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Casa_de_Cultura_Tain%C3%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Casa de Cultura Tainã (page does not exist)">Casa de Cultura Tainã</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centro_de_Estudos_e_A%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Solid%C3%A1rias_da_Mar%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centro de Estudos e Ações Solidárias da Maré (page does not exist)">CEASM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Council_of_Museums" title="International Council of Museums">Conselho Internacional de Museus</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cora_Coralina" title="Cora Coralina">Cora Coralina</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curt_Meyer-Clason" title="Curt Meyer-Clason">Curt Meyer-Clason</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Munduruku" title="Daniel Munduruku">Daniel Munduruku</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dino_Garcia_Carrera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dino Garcia Carrera (page does not exist)">Dino Garcia Carrera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almerice_da_Silva_Santos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almerice da Silva Santos (page does not exist)">Dona Teté Cacuriá</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emmanuel_Nassar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emmanuel Nassar (page does not exist)">Emmanuel Nassar</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidade_Federal_do_Estado_do_Rio_de_Janeiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro">Escola de Museologia da UniRio</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feira_do_Livro_de_Porto_Alegre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feira do Livro de Porto Alegre (page does not exist)">Feira do Livro de Porto Alegre</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Birri" title="Fernando Birri">Fernando Birri</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupo_Corpo" title="Grupo Corpo">Grupo Corpo</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Thorau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Thorau (page does not exist)">Henry Thorau</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intr%C3%A9pida_Trupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intrépida Trupe (page does not exist)">Intrépida Trupe</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Odenthal_(Brazil)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johannes Odenthal (Brazil) (page does not exist)">Johannes Odenthal</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mindlin" title="José Mindlin">José Mindlin</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josu%C3%A9_de_Castro" title="Josué de Castro">Josué de Castro</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BAlio_Bressane" title="Júlio Bressane">Júlio Bressane</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Cardoso" title="Laura Cardoso">Laura Cardoso</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lauro_C%C3%A9sar_Muniz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lauro César Muniz (page does not exist)">Lauro César Muniz</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lygia_Martins_Costa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lygia Martins Costa (page does not exist)">Lygia Martins Costa</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luiz_Phelipe_de_Carvalho_Castro_Andr%C3%A9s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luiz Phelipe de Carvalho Castro Andrés (page does not exist)">Luiz Phelipe de Carvalho Castro Andrés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1rio_Cravo_Neto" title="Mário Cravo Neto">Mário Cravo Neto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1rio_de_Andrade" title="Mário de Andrade">Mário de Andrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1rio_Pedrosa" title="Mário Pedrosa">Mário Pedrosa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mestre_Eug%C3%AAnio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mestre Eugênio (page does not exist)">Mestre Eugênio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augusto_Gomes_Rodrigues&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augusto Gomes Rodrigues (page does not exist)">Mestre Verequete</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Sport_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (Spain)">Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moacir_Santos" title="Moacir Santos">Moacir Santos</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Museu_de_Arqueologia_de_Xing%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museu de Arqueologia de Xingó (page does not exist)">MAX</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_C%C3%A9sar_Saraceni" title="Paulo César Saraceni">Paulo César Saraceni</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pompeu_Christovam_de_Pina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pompeu Christovam de Pina (page does not exist)">Pompeu Christovam de Pina</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racionais_MC%27s" title="Racionais MC's">Racionais MC's</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray-G%C3%BCde_Mertin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ray-Güde Mertin (page does not exist)">Ray-Güde Mertin</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Melo_Franco" title="Rodrigo Melo Franco">Rodrigo Melo Franco</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1bato_Magaldi" title="Sábato Magaldi">Sábato Magaldi</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santos_Dumont" class="mw-redirect" title="Santos Dumont">Santos Dumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivuca" title="Sivuca">Sivuca</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A2nia_Andrade_Lima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tânia Andrade Lima (page does not exist)">Tânia Andrade Lima</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teodoro_Freire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teodoro Freire (page does not exist)">Teodoro Freire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomie_Ohtake" title="Tomie Ohtake">Tomie Ohtake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Carvalho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir Carvalho (page does not exist)">Vladimir Carvalho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdias_Nascimento" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdias Nascimento">Abdias Nascimento</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Siza_Vieira" title="Álvaro Siza Vieira">Álvaro Siza Vieira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Jobim" title="Antônio Carlos Jobim">Antônio Carlos Jobim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Cultural_Cachuera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Associação Cultural Cachuera (page does not exist)">Associação Cultural Cachuera</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banda_Caba%C3%A7al_dos_Irm%C3%A3os_Aniceto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banda Cabaçal dos Irmãos Aniceto (page does not exist)">Banda Cabaçal dos Irmãos Aniceto</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliodora_Carneiro_de_Mendon%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" 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(page does not exist)">Pierre André Mantovani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_Arag%C3%A3o" title="Renato Aragão">Renato Aragão</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricardo_Amaral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ricardo Amaral (page does not exist)">Ricardo Amaral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Minczuk" title="Roberto Minczuk">Roberto Minczuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Santucci" title="Roberto Santucci">Roberto Santucci</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chacrinha" title="Chacrinha">Abelardo Barbosa</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Mazzafera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Mazzafera (page does not exist)">Antonio Mazzafera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblioteca_Oliveira_Lima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biblioteca Oliveira Lima (page does not exist)">Biblioteca Oliveira Lima</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Wainer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruno Wainer (page does not exist)">Bruno Wainer</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Saldanha" title="Carlos Saldanha">Carlos Saldanha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Vereza" title="Carlos Vereza">Carlos Vereza</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ded%C3%A9_Santana" title="Dedé Santana">Dedé Santana</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Sopher" title="Eva Sopher">Eva Sopher</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Wilma" title="Eva Wilma">Eva Wilma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Festival_Villa_Mix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Festival Villa Mix (page does not exist)">Festival Villa Mix</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilherme_Fiuza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guilherme Fiuza (page does not exist)">Guilherme Fiuza</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Hist%C3%B3rico_e_Geogr%C3%A1fico_Brasileiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro">Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jorge_Caldeira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jorge Caldeira (page does not exist)">Jorge Caldeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Bonif%C3%A1cio" class="mw-redirect" title="José Bonifácio">José Bonifácio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kati_Almeida_Braga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kati Almeida Braga (page does not exist)">Kati Almeida Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=King%27s_Brazil_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="King's Brazil Institute (page does not exist)">King's Brazil Institute</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luiz_Oscar_Niemeyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luiz Oscar Niemeyer (page does not exist)">Luiz Oscar Niemeyer</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcelo_Castello_Branco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcelo Castello Branco (page does not exist)">Marcelo Castello Branco</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcio_Fraccaroli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcio Fraccaroli (page does not exist)">Marcio Fraccaroli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martim_Vasques_da_Cunha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martim Vasques da Cunha (page does not exist)">Martim Vasques da Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Gon%C3%A7alves" title="Milton Gonçalves">Milton Gonçalves</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monah_Delacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monah Delacy (page does not exist)">Monah Delacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museu_de_Arte_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" class="mw-redirect" title="Museu de Arte de São Paulo">Museu de Arte de São Paulo</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Museu_de_Arte_Moderna_do_Rio_de_Janeiro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43264#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122824519">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/84234492">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/92100/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJv4rgXWcTWRDhRbp9RHYP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11948384X">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82064414">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12118655p">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12118655p">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00515336">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV103771">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an49284323">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js20050523019&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4580203">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/48965">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p118614231">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/7072536">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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