CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913525013b3ffdcb',cH: 'SEz2SewfI09e7bcGT6C_eS3mzpc_Lg3oYHrnggb2rGE-1739788672-1.2.1.1-ZeZjQK2fBVDgjx76XuYf_klmD4R_6KIyishYednXfyUH4g2JCjCTBttKzzwLQRHd',cUPMDTk: "\/profile\/submissions\/papers\/create\/2064\/9241?__cf_chl_tk=l93_xuZv2K0V72BhMmpjKZlr05FIeyRZeV3yOqTCWfY-1739788672-1.0.1.1-EA5A8eJfs3NX4KzqXNau6nzoQqZsqFBEciX9ohng3V0",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739788672',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/profile\/submissions\/papers\/create\/2064\/9241?__cf_chl_f_tk=l93_xuZv2K0V72BhMmpjKZlr05FIeyRZeV3yOqTCWfY-1739788672-1.0.1.1-EA5A8eJfs3NX4KzqXNau6nzoQqZsqFBEciX9ohng3V0",md: "q._P8Fafe2miXCx27xyAYQLmJWZHVNhSUaG82afxksI-1739788672-1.2.1.1-FGsm3kZjSpT2Ai3d1UIjy5l7SeOr8h52S8.r9vaIrhfA4uop7xLiREoDZJVfMHyvUi55RzmL4iUgSmHyggTACXL1jGGT8s_YCu.mvAZmCc.T7wfbSSYVeGUqDJAfn_bK05o0iDEjKkZkh1_iTYuhpVmqLisosWfzcmejOA2iImcsVtoUMYkSbWL4BY0CLS44tFYq_IQt0arcgKbIv.TDz3SxxhJI7PgAuGryx0r3oi.EoZSu.O4u5YyfhsGDc3LGVYAl63KvLl6wCbxJqrYYlXGjtVFFFbhJFMUP2pv6KKgjZZrIxb64KtHO79hwjnsQ7kRFHPfF2q8FyYR17iiwuh3TRCSBGy85hBhoMHeZFcZqm02k5fw0kGHc1HMntvhIytFjBOB22605hQKRHYCWBHHSXqBNdofRc4SL3IHkyHdq1a5NP7yxV9Iqo6rzVkPVgpGNwy6ZerKtVriMcj.1CCboKS6RVmOb2IJljlRozjgAyLVe3a5O1aWMwHP3aTQPbySScWo8g3hkWLR3zwVwKpQzJJwO29X8sCGyAAdEzWijYab7kei3MnRqfW0kpVMlcNpqUOUQr8okjLhtkDnUs01dGB63qe0jr7l3J8t2yl8p2YXzrd0VrhtXNsGt3ICLVN703KjF0w6E4tiP4xLm0tVfCEfqKCgsdKABFWzIwB8bzMWh5h26Rpq5mTWzlW_AiowgBq9.dKaejmFwdCMYi4sI8KP679CnNsTbZF73i_vjvggbkZ1YBul.C.IRoShuYHgn1oenxX2wu8n_NXQ_P8xOsx8fVJhJvHG_MAPadDlaYdQgVW.03np1p1qBmprvBMWhVG7FpRkrWuuMINJrntWzdHwF93wKe_15KySKMxUB0V8mSxV4JAVX1CiEHxLlM02HFnzPM.riIn6wTqVpJdo0.mLWqN0uja7G7nbKYle2n9iRBTrXKq2SNqCjV7y2L64YMXcWZ5zVw0yvVwT1YpLLZzH_9vZ.MyZnSVYt5TBrBp2t31RcoPks_vUJxYFijfxT7IL488lKq9HGqkJpxCYNWBHNgdiuCup5c2y6PHpPH.2_9dl_Jl9vfyi0etdwVAW8EsZ1GRlu3ptqiDqkCY96i_RD4MeyJaCykhoQcdlg3A8tKWnxDyWlD7MYb1DtSO4.A7vabcyUXRESTeNanQXNU.9S850uJjR98GPfdW3mYNXBy6256hu0AY_jAr79rfUWvho_P2XNitCkmVmbgxMgzSSgYkhMgcrLsUfmSlk32odpLibRC0Ca_3J7KisUGwM_e0YdKp1ylBqYBC6tsTynzJLC911Av8ZjM1iBDD1ABeuxYN_ExaBvLOO1H8E9CEn8BdQIVb6U_S.ago16V4bzI2d4Xg9Ye9oz97aXeeesHRmubSwfAxKJkJyAmUMzehcF9Ps7mVuF02C4uHcoBctZy_iqGEKyA7ft3wcEPYtFJutYCpcv8RpQfBfk_gK96rxPC3LHgueFIvHNYPGiz2vqqg5sZYyqPH34gJAOpY3.jUe5K.Q0RYdzQ4MOyCoV92IuGV5XztCvhFi5.ZiYAUlTfG6GagU21Ng2EeZtVMyrV3wtEu1XCr6I6P8x7MOJT.aOyq2YCZkw5368t8gtvEZATZBJZ.FxF6m9q7zisBKx7R2y_ZglE.tBY9fKUBF72x28no5huaKpHlxhcVo00G5R.5QTxK38e0CAC9sEZg5j7xmpFY_c9rzbRjFkZImxlLOhiQklhkDmFjmZZ0fTZ8vf.MTUnnesN2IlQiUAy6tTn4PYZrx8enqNSvGqayra3Hqpjxg4p87IQ25HuxWsuFxMhQkTF6KkXl8Y9WYUgZLRzp3LJNakCuFMpGo10UoK6D4KLvb6ZccXUJEAJ6fjtWNIsX9zP2_f8dJEczk9zbHuw.aj.UaIezbk4TH4csM9EnKAIvcgGTH2J5JjFW8IsxGPOw8GHj.egB3Qoc8G6SA",mdrd: "qZ8FZoAnouBetsUtmDl6oEtk254L4I1BeP9kkG1mVms-1739788672-1.2.1.1-OBJz4vmLtVK9KKJb7F9d7IqKJMeSsyIEOCSyrQJuQpY0cblIUdJynyPW9oE8T4UgzZa2LwTn9lLQBr1Xdc1AU28cKJS5dJip8npeNztlwxaJB6boKwr4zbTNVZoGcEyuKpqdAhpZgepaao6jsukp9EDx540sg0647Ta49nHWQa.W0_9Awo_NL_rL_9iO2ptdvwXQGtBZ6XE77sABNjfROigAqylyb0Mb1ZWtPefBm0YMx1l7MjTh1vw7y5YKVTjoMYRJNgWty15HKzc.ybooGdKONHo4tm0Gi10gENehEv7JpIMBGuSB7aW0yWGFBFOuMSgKdM4ewrdvgIs46F9I3WI.XkyV_HlNp2JLleBRFBhLRXe21ADsaEvEbf0B89.zXx5oB6MvOEhMBTiqz88TRbu_XYW0g6Oo_FqjhhlL7r0IvM643oiLjNHNkbSvnIAW2f4Ksei5s_AlzApN4D_xr464fjtV6MbTibb7pkVI4qd7CXuP0iJLaqz44eWEZE1Zw1apuMDzpNCBSGNGT23Q4aOviI5J3BETZejUeWY9b.wn6KtT5sIoudd1I1RyyydN8WxM6PT8tyzeQz.I0mHAiztkq39ifWUKCrQ2Lj7IRc8ivCC3nMBBbJcA4BS20EzYo1pBYqzS1kNBN3rqiBuoAvyRRcNOe4N40xeYKRGRQyqQ4VVwM2F0lYqKHWUcXQbV7o7CZAuBUXKpk6n3zrka3S7c52TmQfWO8POd9AK3Wlw36ykBPy5OXTgIi0Kg8ZDnSQeQVxvzR63NBjWQkrX6EMaFADCLPOoyYA4H_e53dhL6lXPwUCpIeaY3Zm_Quuc3e2CCWg37baNODaJm.lXysDyfDOGZxY59zhur3rUzRchIzqI4WToTKJrgQ.2DDuYB6uH66cmATe0zDWSxk.DUceEaGJOZJXB0p7lIZ98SHfUPFsKiFgWzwDdoeXpaAZsyQgRLcgWRiXxCcypZcshbXNVFLFZZEWNxgtMAUwiEhae8L7jlC8iDlFWDBsgA4G1zFA27UK9d250lfvUw7UilrhSomGYtR4rLSTEXEohj_c2nNG3lWwEaQJqWif3ezrxRzEuxDnVvaC0UyeisQtOOwWbYW94qhhofXukIuJoy7MkfXCzxEJUIIT5FZoWYCCHuXLiA5aWnTvGwdwjIE5XvOTCFxk1hr_YrnGt0gygrvb.4dxba_POzJJwEQaO1WLfpMoY4Rx_orc065QAPd.1DEaib0zKDwDhSesbZXdyxJYEsuIa4cT0LWtvzF0waHAwwsvsoZiI25q8ylgRlgOPUR.AdnlFUH2B7.urQdKn9wzLvDSMRCEtZaJhLvbKbaTmAFFEOp.3VwZap0550Jtb2JGjsmqhI30rQwdCH06XgPVBgX0Kgr3zrQlYH7MasMBZGMPcK6S9NZj3.GeayPDPyGirRYnubvf8B_..ymxQ5ks05ltS00B.iBUt4gTnQjRNXLWbErrgTB9JiXNoLTN18933_CgV.xq3qGFdsoAA5COKkRvjKl6xsHWmnT.X6wOtHFtCD7uFeAwiHLk1.a5o7UVYZ6F.n5P94GX4xwgQv9v.BnQjiYimuRPJ6P3z2C3Lv2SSjHGgyO8hnHmpHkRIajnKRvk1VIlk1R6cb8SqQj0kpGTF8vUq4TRWseNgqMfHehhx38ZCdeW8A0q6PlVsadnO5_ylasxm0osHJ6uUlfe8TaeKu5plnWUwgnGnZFCH3TttCSNOC.XfpXQPjDZzbqTjyIjUWjnOjm2cQw5ozvL4pYsu3G4Xdi51oQIFU48gROrjdhMDq37tUdQehjHutsK9hZD0auTnEGFySyHWtFL0Z5bwYlziMyu21QZzgDlosv5OsKrEfXJ40dYIZzwhsSx.kmnQxUyJG8pyP7lB7RTJwUhVMCunwPZERWnMtDaaARRH_Gm96msxtaR10sRrdVc_RKmP_.v05lquJy_S4LkI"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913525013b3ffdcb';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/profile\/submissions\/papers\/create\/2064\/9241?__cf_chl_rt_tk=l93_xuZv2K0V72BhMmpjKZlr05FIeyRZeV3yOqTCWfY-1739788672-1.0.1.1-EA5A8eJfs3NX4KzqXNau6nzoQqZsqFBEciX9ohng3V0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>