CINXE.COM

Constitución, Chile - Wikipedia

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Constitución, Chile - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"c7331ed8-aa87-4fbe-a954-612c3280058b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Constitución,_Chile","wgTitle":"Constitución, Chile","wgCurRevisionId":1240399121,"wgRevisionId":1240399121,"wgArticleId":5274546,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with French-language sources (fr)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Coordinates on Wikidata","Articles with Spanish-language sources (es)","Pages with Spanish IPA","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014","Populated places in Talca Province", "Communes of Chile","Port cities in Chile","Populated places established in 1794","1794 establishments in the Spanish Empire","Coasts of Maule Region"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Constitución,_Chile","wgRelevantArticleId":5274546,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":-35.333333333333336,"lon":-72.41666666666667},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[], "wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3862","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init": "ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.8"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Consti.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Consti.jpg/800px-Consti.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Consti.jpg/640px-Consti.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Constitución, Chile - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Constitución_Chile rootpage-Constitución_Chile skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Constituci%C3%B3n%2C+Chile" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Constituci%C3%B3n%2C+Chile" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Constituci%C3%B3n%2C+Chile" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Constituci%C3%B3n%2C+Chile" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nueva_Bilbao" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nueva_Bilbao"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span><i>Nueva Bilbao</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nueva_Bilbao-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renaming_to_Constitución" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renaming_to_Constitución"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Renaming to <i>Constitución</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renaming_to_Constitución-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Constitución, Chile</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A)" title="كونستيتسيون (تشيلي) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كونستيتسيون (تشيلي)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n_(Chile)" title="Constitución (Chile) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Constitución (Chile)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitucion_(munisipyo_sa_T%C5%9Bile)" title="Constitucion (munisipyo sa Tśile) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Constitucion (munisipyo sa Tśile)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n_(Chile)" title="Constitución (Chile) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Constitución (Chile)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n_(Chile)" title="Constitución (Chile) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Constitución (Chile)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n_(Txile)" title="Constitución (Txile) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Constitución (Txile)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%8C_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="کانستیتسیون، شیلی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کانستیتسیون، شیلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n_(Chili)" title="Constitución (Chili) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Constitución (Chili)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%98%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B0%ED%88%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%98%A8" title="콘스티투시온 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="콘스티투시온" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n_(Cile)" title="Constitución (Cile) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Constitución (Cile)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n_(Chili)" title="Constitución (Chili) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Constitución (Chili)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%82%B7%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3" title="コンスティトゥシオン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コンスティトゥシオン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n" title="Constitución – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Constitución" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n_(Chile)" title="Constitución (Chile) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Constitución (Chile)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n_(Chile)" title="Constitución (Chile) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Constitución (Chile)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Constitución, Chile – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Constitución, Chile" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8)" title="Конститусьон (Чили) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Конститусьон (Чили)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Constitución, Chile – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Constitución, Chile" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Конститусјон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Конститусјон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n_(%C4%8Cile)" title="Constitución (Čile) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Constitución (Čile)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n_(kommun_i_Chile)" title="Constitución (kommun i Chile) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Constitución (kommun i Chile)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96)" title="Конститусьйон (Чилі) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Конститусьйон (Чилі)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Constitución, Chile – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Constitución, Chile" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n" title="Constitución – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Constitución" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%9C%96%E8%A5%BF%E7%BF%81_(%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9)" title="孔斯蒂圖西翁 (智利) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="孔斯蒂圖西翁 (智利)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3862#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile&amp;action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile&amp;action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile&amp;action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile&amp;action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile&amp;oldid=1240399121" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile&amp;action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&amp;page=Constituci%C3%B3n%2C_Chile&amp;id=1240399121&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FConstituci%25C3%25B3n%2C_Chile"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrKodu&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FConstituci%25C3%25B3n%2C_Chile"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Constituci%C3%B3n%2C_Chile&amp;action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile&amp;printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3862" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile&amp;params=35_20_S_72_25_W_region:CL-ML_type:city(41207)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°20′S</span> <span class="longitude">72°25′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.333°S 72.417°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">-35.333; -72.417</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City and Commune in Maule, Chile</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Constitución</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Chile" title="List of cities in Chile">City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_Chile" title="Communes of Chile">Commune</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Consti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Consti.jpg/250px-Consti.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Consti.jpg/375px-Consti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Consti.jpg/500px-Consti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cellt"> <p><br /> </p> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_Constituci%C3%B3n_(Chile).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Constitución"><img alt="Coat of arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Escudo_de_Constituci%C3%B3n_%28Chile%29.svg/85px-Escudo_de_Constituci%C3%B3n_%28Chile%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Escudo_de_Constituci%C3%B3n_%28Chile%29.svg/128px-Escudo_de_Constituci%C3%B3n_%28Chile%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Escudo_de_Constituci%C3%B3n_%28Chile%29.svg/170px-Escudo_de_Constituci%C3%B3n_%28Chile%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="911" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Txu-oclc-224571178-si18-16.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Constitución commune in the Maule Region"><img alt="Map of the Constitución commune in the Maule Region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Txu-oclc-224571178-si18-16.jpg/76px-Txu-oclc-224571178-si18-16.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Txu-oclc-224571178-si18-16.jpg/114px-Txu-oclc-224571178-si18-16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Txu-oclc-224571178-si18-16.jpg/153px-Txu-oclc-224571178-si18-16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3974" data-file-height="5207" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Map of the Constitución commune in the Maule Region</div></div> </div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cellt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:150px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:150px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:150px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chile_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location in Chile"><img alt="Location in Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Chile_location_map.svg/150px-Chile_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Chile_location_map.svg/225px-Chile_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Chile_location_map.svg/300px-Chile_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1183" data-file-height="2658" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.864%;left:45.415%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Constitución"><img alt="Location in Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Constitución</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Chile</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates&#32;(city): <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile&amp;params=35_20_S_72_25_W_region:CL-ML_type:city(41207)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°20′S</span> <span class="longitude">72°25′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.333°S 72.417°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">-35.333; -72.417</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Chile" title="Regions of Chile">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maule_Region" title="Maule Region">Maule</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Chile" title="Provinces of Chile">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Talca_Province" title="Talca Province">Talca</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1794</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-Official_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">Municipality</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Alcalde" title="Alcalde">Alcalde</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Fabián Perez(<a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_of_Chile_(2018)" title="Radical Party of Chile (2018)">PR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-INE_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INE-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">&#160;•&#160;Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,343.6&#160;km<sup>2</sup> (518.8&#160;sq&#160;mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">75&#160;m (246&#160;ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>(2012 Census)<sup id="cite_ref-INE_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INE-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">&#160;•&#160;Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">41,207</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Density</th><td class="infobox-data">31/km<sup>2</sup> (79/sq&#160;mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">37,202</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Rural_area" title="Rural area">Rural</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,879</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Maulino/a</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Sex<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-INE_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INE-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Men</th><td class="infobox-data">23,389</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Women</th><td class="infobox-data">22,692</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC-4" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-4">UTC-4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_Chile" title="Time in Chile">CLT</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">&#160;•&#160;Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC-3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-3">UTC-3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_Chile" title="Time in Chile">CLST</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">56 + 71</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitucion.cl/">www<wbr />.constitucion<wbr />.cl</a></span> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Constitución</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">&#91;konstituˈsjon&#93;</a></span>) is a city and commune of <a href="/wiki/Talca_Province" title="Talca Province">Talca Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maule_Region" title="Maule Region">Maule Region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>. It was historically a popular <a href="/wiki/Seaside_resort" title="Seaside resort">seaside resort</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> However, following the growth of the industrial sector (<a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wood_pulp" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood pulp">pulp</a>) tourism has since declined. Constitución is a minor port in <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the arrival of the Spanish, the area that would later be the city of Constitución was inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Chango_people" title="Chango people">Chango people</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mapuche" title="Mapuche">Mapuche</a> tribe. Both indigenous groups used the area for fishing and seasonal habitation. When the Spaniards came to the region, the European explorers, and those who followed, used the area as a port for their <a href="/wiki/Galleons" class="mw-redirect" title="Galleons">galleons</a> and merchant ships on their voyages to South American and other <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific</a> ports.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nueva_Bilbao"><i>Nueva Bilbao</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Nueva Bilbao"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While numerous attempts were made to establish a permanent settlement in the area, Santiago Oñederra was the first successful colonizing pioneer, circa 1791. The founding of the settlement was proposed by Oñederra to the Chilean government, and authorized by Governor <a href="/wiki/Ambrosio_O%27Higgins" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrosio O&#39;Higgins">Ambrosio O'Higgins</a> in 1794. The settlement was originally named New Bilbao (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i>Nueva <a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a></i>) after the <a href="/wiki/Basques" title="Basques">Basque</a> city in Northern <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cambionombre_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambionombre-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renaming_to_Constitución"><span id="Renaming_to_Constituci.C3.B3n"></span>Renaming to <i>Constitución</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Renaming to Constitución"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1828, New Bilbao was renamed <i>Constitución</i>. On 4 August 1828, Congress approved the designation of Constitución as a major Chilean port. Four days later, Vice President Jose Antonio Pinto signed the decree.<sup id="cite_ref-cambionombre_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambionombre-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning in 1828, Constitución was designated as part of <a href="/wiki/Maule_Region" title="Maule Region">Maule Region</a> and later included in the <a href="/wiki/Talca_Province" title="Talca Province">Talca Province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-deptoconstitución_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deptoconstitución-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2010_Chile_earthquake" title="2010 Chile earthquake">2010 Chile earthquake</a></div> <p>After the devastating <a href="/wiki/2010_Chile_earthquake" title="2010 Chile earthquake">8.8 magnitude earthquake</a> that struck Chile on 27 February 2010, an estimated 350 people died in Constitución from a <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Time-2010-03-04_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-2010-03-04-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Two weeks before the earthquake, the local people were trained to head for the hills if unable to stand during the tremor, as the likelihood of a tsunami was high.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The tsunami was estimated to be 15&#160;m (49&#160;ft) high.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pedro Muñoz, a fisherman, with his skiff, rescued celebrants of the end of summer from an island on the Maule River, making two trips between the island and the riverbank, before being swamped and killed by the third tsunami wave, on his third trip.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Constitución was damaged by the earthquake and subsequent tsunami. Restoring power in the city in the immediate aftermath was impossible because of damage from the tsunami.<sup id="cite_ref-WSJ-2010-03-02_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJ-2010-03-02-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town is dominated both economically<sup id="cite_ref-Contaminacion_en_el_rio_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Contaminacion_en_el_rio-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and geographically by the large cellulose plant of <a href="/wiki/Celulosa_Arauco_y_Constituci%C3%B3n" title="Celulosa Arauco y Constitución">Celulosa Arauco y Constitución</a>. Celulosa Arauco y Constitución has had numerous legal cases with regards to contamination<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> of the local environment. The artificial forests of eucalyptus and pinewood dominate the local landscape. Critics argue that this destroys the natural habitat for local wildlife and leaves the soil acidic and infertile. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Constitución </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9<br />(49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1<br />(46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9<br />(49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #F3FFF3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(0.31) </td> <td style="background: #F2FFF2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(0.31) </td> <td style="background: #E7FFE7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(0.63) </td> <td style="background: #AFFFAF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.6<br />(2.03) </td> <td style="background: #0DFF0D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">162.0<br />(6.38) </td> <td style="background: #00C200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">205.0<br />(8.07) </td> <td style="background: #00F900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">174.5<br />(6.87) </td> <td style="background: #45FF45; color:#000000;" class="notheme">124.4<br />(4.90) </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.6<br />(2.74) </td> <td style="background: #C8FFC8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.6<br />(1.44) </td> <td style="background: #DDFFDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(0.85) </td> <td style="background: #E4FFE4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(0.69) </td> <td style="background: #8DFF8D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">894.5<br />(35.22) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Meteorología Interactiva<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the 2002 <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">census</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Statistics_Institute_(Chile)" title="National Statistics Institute (Chile)">National Statistics Institute</a>, Constitución spans an area of 1,343.6&#160;km<sup>2</sup> (519&#160;sq&#160;mi) and has 46,081 inhabitants (23,389 men and 22,692 women). Of these, 37,202 (80.7%) lived in <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban areas</a> and 8,879 (19.3%) in <a href="/wiki/Rural_area" title="Rural area">rural areas</a>. The population grew by 14.2% (5,741 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.<sup id="cite_ref-INE_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INE-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a commune, Constitución is a third-level <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative division of Chile">administrative division of Chile</a> administered by a <a href="/wiki/Municipal_council" title="Municipal council">municipal council</a>, headed by an <i><a href="/wiki/Alcalde" title="Alcalde">alcalde</a></i> (mayor) who is directly elected every four years. In 2008-2012 the <i>alcalde</i> was Hugo Tilleria Torres, who was replaced by Carlos Valenzuela Gajardo.<sup id="cite_ref-Official_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_divisions_of_Chile" title="Electoral divisions of Chile">electoral divisions of Chile</a>, Constitución is represented in the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Chile" title="Chamber of Deputies of Chile">Chamber of Deputies</a> by Pablo Lorenzini (<a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Democratic Party">PDC</a>) and Pedro Pablo Alvarez-Salamanca (<a href="/wiki/Independent_Democratic_Union" title="Independent Democratic Union">UDI</a>) as part of the 38th electoral district, together with <a href="/wiki/Curepto" title="Curepto">Curepto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Empedrado,_Chile" title="Empedrado, Chile">Empedrado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pencahue" title="Pencahue">Pencahue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maule,_Chile" title="Maule, Chile">Maule</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Clemente,_Chile" title="San Clemente, Chile">San Clemente</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pelarco" title="Pelarco">Pelarco</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Claro,_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Río Claro, Chile">Río Claro</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Rafael,_Chile" title="San Rafael, Chile">San Rafael</a>. The commune is represented in the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Chile" title="Senate of Chile">Senate</a> by Juan Antonio Coloma Correa (UDI) and <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Zald%C3%ADvar" title="Andrés Zaldívar">Andrés Zaldívar Larraín</a> (PDC) as part of the 10th senatorial constituency (Maule-North). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Celulosa_Arauco_y_Constituci%C3%B3n" title="Celulosa Arauco y Constitución">Celulosa Arauco y Constitución</a> actively funds social and economic regeneration projects in constitucion, providing much needed funding for the municipality. Critics argue this dependence prevents the administration from being able to question issues regarding pollution with Arauco. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Maulino_forest" title="Maulino forest">Maulino forest</a></div> <p>The Maule region of which Constitucion is part has the second lowest income per capita in Chile, with only Aysen receiving less income per capita. The residents of Maule receive per capita less than 25% of the national average income and around 10% of the income per capita in Antofagasta. Illiteracy is currently 7% in Maule versus the 3% country wide average. The main employment sources are the primary sectors, fishing, farming, forestry and low level artesanal production. </p><p>One of the city's main employers is <a href="/wiki/Celulosa_Arauco_y_Constituci%C3%B3n" title="Celulosa Arauco y Constitución">Celulosa Arauco y Constitución</a>, a wood pulp, engineered wood, and forestry company. Until his 2007 death, the company was owned and controlled by Italian-born <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a> billionaire <a href="/wiki/Anacleto_Angelini" title="Anacleto Angelini">Anacleto Angelini</a> and has since been taken over by his nephew, Roberto Angelini Rossi, current chairman of Angelini's holding company, <a href="/wiki/AntarChile" title="AntarChile">AntarChile</a>. Despite lawsuits and protests, AntarChile was given permission in 2006 to discharge pollutants from the plant into the sea.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> An earthquake and tsunami in 2010 caused the plant's closure for three months due to power outages and damage.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Railway expansion first came to the Maule Region in mid-1889 when rail-line construction began by the North and South American Company. Service began on August 13, 1892, when lines were opened between <a href="/wiki/Talca" title="Talca">Talca</a> and Curtiduría. The next railway portion to be completed was to Pichamán on November 1, 1894. Rails were laid along the northern bank of the <a href="/wiki/Maule_River" title="Maule River">Maule River</a>, opposite Constitución. Constitución's first station was established in 1902.<sup id="cite_ref-Buscarril_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buscarril-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and remained in use until 1915 when a new station was constructed.<sup id="cite_ref-Buscarril_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buscarril-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Constitución is home for the end-of-the-line station of the <i>Ramal de Maule</i> also known as the <a href="/wiki/Ramal_Talca-Constituci%C3%B3n" title="Ramal Talca-Constitución">Ramal Talca-Constitución</a>, a rural train that runs an 80 kilometer (50 mile) rail line from <a href="/wiki/Talca,_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Talca, Chile">Talca</a>. The scenic train affords views of the Andean foothills as well as the Pacific Ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-the_last_ramal_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-the_last_ramal-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Currently, the Ramal is facing shutdown due to lack of use. From the late 1800s on, rail travel had been Chile's main form of transportation. In the 21st century, however, Chileans have largely changed their transportation preference to buses and private cars. As a result of this switch, passenger rail travel has become obsolete.<sup id="cite_ref-Chile_is_yours_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chile_is_yours-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city is served by <a href="/wiki/Quivolgo_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Quivolgo International Airport">Quivolgo International Airport</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Official-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Official_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Official_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitucion.cl/">"Municipality of Constitución"</a> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Municipality+of+Constituci%C3%B3n&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitucion.cl%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstituci%C3%B3n%2C+Chile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-INE-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-INE_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-INE_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-INE_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-INE_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/censos_poblacion_vivienda/censo_pobl_vivi.php">"National Statistics Institute"</a> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=National+Statistics+Institute&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.cl%2Fcanales%2Fchile_estadistico%2Fcensos_poblacion_vivienda%2Fcenso_pobl_vivi.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstituci%C3%B3n%2C+Chile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070911130719/http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-time.htm">"Chile Time"</a>. WorldTimeZones.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-time.htm">the original</a> on 2007-09-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Chile+Time&amp;rft.pub=WorldTimeZones.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.world-time-zones.org%2Fzones%2Fchile-time.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstituci%C3%B3n%2C+Chile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070911130451/http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-summer-time.htm">"Chile Summer Time"</a>. WorldTimeZones.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-summer-time.htm">the original</a> on 2007-09-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Chile+Summer+Time&amp;rft.pub=WorldTimeZones.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.world-time-zones.org%2Fzones%2Fchile-summer-time.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstituci%C3%B3n%2C+Chile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150607173515/http://www.intendenciamaule.gov.cl/info_turismo.html">"Tourism"</a>. <i>Government of Chile</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intendenciamaule.gov.cl/info_turismo.html">the original</a> on 2015-06-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Government+of+Chile&amp;rft.atitle=Tourism&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intendenciamaule.gov.cl%2Finfo_turismo.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstituci%C3%B3n%2C+Chile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cambionombre-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cambionombre_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cambionombre_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Aravena, Luz K., et al.; 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080412091635/http://www.luz-katherine.com/constitucion/historia/nombre.htm"><i>Cambio de Nombre</i> ("Change of name")</a>. From: "History", Constitución in Internet Microsite. (In Spanish)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-deptoconstitución-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-deptoconstitución_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aravena, Luz K., et al.; 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090111120309/http://www.luz-katherine.com/constitucion/historia/finaldesconocido.htm"><i>Un final desconocido</i> ("An unknown destination")</a>. From: "History", Constitución in Internet Microsite. (In Spanish) (Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.luz-katherine.com/constitucion/biblio.htm">http://www.luz-katherine.com/constitucion/biblio.htm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090220131410/http://www.luz-katherine.com/constitucion/biblio.htm">Archived</a> 2009-02-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time-2010-03-04-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Time-2010-03-04_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Padget, Tim (1 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604143231/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1968856,00.html?iid=sphere-inline-bottom">"Chile: Prepared for the Quake but Not the Tsunami"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. Retrieved 4 March 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harrell, Eben (2 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604143303/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1969009,00.html?iid=sphere-inline-bottom">"Chile's President: Why Did Tsunami Warnings Fail?"</a>. <i>Time</i>. Retrieved 4 March 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Agencia Angola Press, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portalangop.co.ao/motix/fr_fr/noticias/internacional/2010/2/9/Constitucion-eau-est-montee-dans-les-maisons-celles-qui-restent,f601ca2c-1403-45b7-af69-39aaf99556af.html">"A Constitucion, l'eau est montée à 2 m dans les maisons, celles qui restent"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120227151150/http://www.portalangop.co.ao/motix/fr_fr/noticias/internacional/2010/2/9/Constitucion-eau-est-montee-dans-les-maisons-celles-qui-restent,f601ca2c-1403-45b7-af69-39aaf99556af.html">Archived</a> 2012-02-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 4 March 2010 (accessed 4 March 2010)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">CNN, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/03/08/chile.sacrifice/">"Chilean fisherman faced tsunami to save others"</a>, Karl Penhaul, 9 March 2010 (accessed 9 March 2010)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WSJ-2010-03-02-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WSJ-2010-03-02_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wall Street Journal, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20100302-715850.html?mod=WSJ_latestheadlines">"Chile Power Firms: Slow Process Restoring Power In Quake Zones"</a>, Matthew Cowley, 2 March 2010 (accessed 3 March 2010)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Contaminacion_en_el_rio-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Contaminacion_en_el_rio_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.derechoalagua.cl/mapa-de-conflictos/contaminacion-toxica-de-celco-licancel-en-el-rio-mataquito/">"Toxic contamination"</a>. <i>Water rights</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Water+rights&amp;rft.atitle=Toxic+contamination&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.derechoalagua.cl%2Fmapa-de-conflictos%2Fcontaminacion-toxica-de-celco-licancel-en-el-rio-mataquito%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstituci%C3%B3n%2C+Chile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olca.cl/oca/chile/region07/celumaule02.htm">"Pollution of the Sea"</a>. <i>OCLA</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=OCLA&amp;rft.atitle=Pollution+of+the+Sea&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olca.cl%2Foca%2Fchile%2Fregion07%2Fcelumaule02.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstituci%C3%B3n%2C+Chile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221205193613/http://www.atmosfera.cl/HTML/climatologia/DATOS/CHILECENTRO.HTM">"Información climatológica de estaciones chilenas"</a> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atmosfera.cl/HTML/climatologia/DATOS/CHILECENTRO.HTM">the original</a> on 5 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Informaci%C3%B3n+climatol%C3%B3gica+de+estaciones+chilenas&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atmosfera.cl%2FHTML%2Fclimatologia%2FDATOS%2FCHILECENTRO.HTM&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstituci%C3%B3n%2C+Chile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olca.cl/oca/chile/region07/celumaule02.htm">"<i>Corema dio luz verde para que Celco Constitución bote residuos al mar</i> (Corema gives green light for Celco to discharge residues into the sea)"</a>. OLCA (Observatorio Latinoamericano de Conflictos Ambientales).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Corema+dio+luz+verde+para+que+Celco+Constituci%C3%B3n+bote+residuos+al+mar+%28Corema+gives+green+light+for+Celco+to+discharge+residues+into+the+sea%29&amp;rft.pub=OLCA+%28Observatorio+Latinoamericano+de+Conflictos+Ambientales%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olca.cl%2Foca%2Fchile%2Fregion07%2Fcelumaule02.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstituci%C3%B3n%2C+Chile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelchior2010" class="citation news cs1">Belchior, Fernanda (19 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141231190126/http://woodbiomass.com/news/pulpandpaper/news/Araucou2019s-Constitucion-mill-to-restart-tomorrow-in-Chile.html">"Arauco's Constitución mill to restart Thursday in Chile"</a>. RISI Wood Biomass Markets. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://woodbiomass.com/news/pulpandpaper/news/Araucou2019s-Constitucion-mill-to-restart-tomorrow-in-Chile.html">the original</a> on 31 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Arauco%27s+Constituci%C3%B3n+mill+to+restart+Thursday+in+Chile&amp;rft.date=2010-05-19&amp;rft.aulast=Belchior&amp;rft.aufirst=Fernanda&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwoodbiomass.com%2Fnews%2Fpulpandpaper%2Fnews%2FAraucou2019s-Constitucion-mill-to-restart-tomorrow-in-Chile.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstituci%C3%B3n%2C+Chile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buscarril-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Buscarril_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buscarril_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141230090201/http://www.tmsa.cl/link.cgi/servicios/buscarril/historia.act">"Buscarril"</a>. <i>Chilean Train operator</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tmsa.cl/link.cgi/servicios/buscarril/historia.act">the original</a> on 2014-12-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-12-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Chilean+Train+operator&amp;rft.atitle=Buscarril&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tmsa.cl%2Flink.cgi%2Fservicios%2Fbuscarril%2Fhistoria.act&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstituci%C3%B3n%2C+Chile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-the_last_ramal-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-the_last_ramal_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEileen_Smith" class="citation web cs1">Eileen Smith. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lan.com/onlyinsouthamerica/tag/ramal/">"Nostalgic Train Ride: From Talca to Constitución"</a>. <i>LAN</i>. Only in South America.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=LAN&amp;rft.atitle=Nostalgic+Train+Ride%3A+From+Talca+to+Constituci%C3%B3n&amp;rft.au=Eileen+Smith&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lan.com%2Fonlyinsouthamerica%2Ftag%2Framal%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstituci%C3%B3n%2C+Chile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chile_is_yours-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chile_is_yours_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150108023906/http://www.chileestuyo.cl/regiones/region-del-maule/valle-del-maule/lugar/ramal-talca-constitucion.html">"Ramal Talca Constitución (in Spanish)"</a>. Chile es tuyo, Chilean national tourist service. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chileestuyo.cl/regiones/region-del-maule/valle-del-maule/lugar/ramal-talca-constitucion.html">the original</a> on 2015-01-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ramal+Talca+Constituci%C3%B3n+%28in+Spanish%29&amp;rft.pub=Chile+es+tuyo%2C+Chilean+national+tourist+service&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chileestuyo.cl%2Fregiones%2Fregion-del-maule%2Fvalle-del-maule%2Flugar%2Framal-talca-constitucion.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstituci%C3%B3n%2C+Chile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitucion.cl/">Municipality of Constitución</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arauco.cl/default.asp/">Arauco Constitución</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trencentral.cl/link.cgi/servicios/buscarrileng//">RAMAL Constitución</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imaginanatural.com">Imagina Natural</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Communes_in_Maule_Region" title="Template:Communes in Maule Region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Communes_in_Maule_Region" title="Template talk:Communes in Maule Region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Communes_in_Maule_Region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Communes in Maule Region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/O%27Higgins_Region" title="O&#39;Higgins Region">&lt;</a> Communes and municipalities in <a href="/wiki/Maule_Region" title="Maule Region">Maule Region</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%91uble_Region" title="Ñuble Region">&gt;</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Curic%C3%B3_Province" title="Curicó Province">Curicó</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curic%C3%B3" title="Curicó">Curicó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huala%C3%B1%C3%A9" title="Hualañé">Hualañé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licant%C3%A9n" title="Licantén">Licantén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molina,_Chile" title="Molina, Chile">Molina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rauco" title="Rauco">Rauco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romeral" title="Romeral">Romeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagrada_Familia,_Chile" title="Sagrada Familia, Chile">Sagrada Familia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teno" title="Teno">Teno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichuqu%C3%A9n" title="Vichuquén">Vichuquén</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mapa_loc_Maule.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Mapa_loc_Maule.svg/60px-Mapa_loc_Maule.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Mapa_loc_Maule.svg/90px-Mapa_loc_Maule.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Mapa_loc_Maule.svg/120px-Mapa_loc_Maule.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Talca_Province" title="Talca Province">Talca</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Constitución</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curepto" title="Curepto">Curepto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empedrado,_Chile" title="Empedrado, Chile">Empedrado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maule,_Chile" title="Maule, Chile">Maule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelarco" title="Pelarco">Pelarco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencahue" title="Pencahue">Pencahue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Claro" title="Río Claro">Río Claro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Clemente,_Chile" title="San Clemente, Chile">San Clemente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Rafael,_Chile" title="San Rafael, Chile">San Rafael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talca" title="Talca">Talca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Linares_Province" title="Linares Province">Linares</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linares,_Chile" title="Linares, Chile">Linares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longav%C3%AD" title="Longaví">Longaví</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parral,_Chile" title="Parral, Chile">Parral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retiro,_Chile" title="Retiro, Chile">Retiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Javier,_Chile" title="San Javier, Chile">San Javier de Loncomilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Alegre,_Chile" title="Villa Alegre, Chile">Villa Alegre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerbas_Buenas" title="Yerbas Buenas">Yerbas Buenas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cauquenes_Province" title="Cauquenes Province">Cauquenes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cauquenes" title="Cauquenes">Cauquenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanco,_Chile" title="Chanco, Chile">Chanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelluhue" title="Pelluhue">Pelluhue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Maule_Region" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_the_Maule_Region" title="Template:Cities in the Maule Region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_the_Maule_Region" title="Template talk:Cities in the Maule Region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_the_Maule_Region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in the Maule Region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Maule_Region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Maule_Region" title="Maule Region">Maule Region</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Talca" title="Talca">Talca</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Constitución</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culenar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Culenar (page does not exist)">Culenar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Francia" title="Villa Francia">Villa Francia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Clemente,_Chile" title="San Clemente, Chile">San Clemente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cauquenes" title="Cauquenes">Cauquenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curic%C3%B3" title="Curicó">Curicó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huala%C3%B1%C3%A9" title="Hualañé">Hualañé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molina,_Chile" title="Molina, Chile">Molina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teno" title="Teno">Teno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linares,_Chile" title="Linares, Chile">Linares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longav%C3%AD" title="Longaví">Longaví</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parral,_Chile" title="Parral, Chile">Parral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Javier,_Chile" title="San Javier, Chile">San Javier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Alegre,_Chile" title="Villa Alegre, Chile">Villa Alegre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Talca" title="University of Talca">University of Talca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_the_Maule" title="Catholic University of the Maule">Catholic University of Maule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Los_Lagos" title="University of Los Lagos">University of Los Lagos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture &amp; Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Prensa_de_Curic%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="La Prensa de Curicó">La Prensa de Curicó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_Provincial_Curic%C3%B3_Unido" class="mw-redirect" title="Club Provincial Curicó Unido">Club Provincial Curicó Unido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_Social_de_Deportes_Rangers_de_Talca" class="mw-redirect" title="Club Social de Deportes Rangers de Talca">Rangers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2010_Chile_earthquake" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2010_Chile_earthquake" title="Template:2010 Chile earthquake"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2010_Chile_earthquake" title="Template talk:2010 Chile earthquake"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2010_Chile_earthquake" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2010 Chile earthquake"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2010_Chile_earthquake" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/2010_Chile_earthquake" title="2010 Chile earthquake">2010 Chile earthquake</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Affected geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Chile_Trench" title="Peru–Chile Trench">Atacama Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ADo_B%C3%ADo_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Bío Bío Region">Bío Bío Region</a> (<a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichato" title="Dichato">Dichato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talcahuano" title="Talcahuano">Talcahuano</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maule_Region" title="Maule Region">Maule Region</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cauquenes" title="Cauquenes">Cauquenes</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Constitución</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertador_General_Bernardo_O%27Higgins_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertador General Bernardo O&#39;Higgins Region">O'Higgins Region</a> (<a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Chile" title="Santa Cruz, Chile">Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rancagua" title="Rancagua">Rancagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pichilemu" title="Pichilemu">Pichilemu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucalemu" title="Bucalemu">Bucalemu</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_Region" title="Valparaíso Region">Valparaíso Region</a> (<a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Islands" title="Juan Fernández Islands">Juan Fernández Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robinson_Crusoe_Island" title="Robinson Crusoe Island">Robinson Crusoe Island</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chile_ayuda_a_Chile" title="Chile ayuda a Chile">Chile helps Chile</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gracias_a_la_Vida_(charity_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gracias a la Vida (charity song)">Gracias a la Vida</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Que_Cante_la_Vida" title="Que Cante la Vida">Que Cante la Vida</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/03:34:_Earthquake_in_Chile" title="03:34: Earthquake in Chile">03:34: Earthquake in Chile</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Year_of_the_Tiger_(2011_film)" title="The Year of the Tiger (2011 film)">The Year of the Tiger</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Pichilemu_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Pichilemu earthquake">2010 Pichilemu earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Chile_blackout" title="2010 Chile blackout">2010 Chile blackout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pichilemu_Fault" title="Pichilemu Fault">Pichilemu Fault</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Responses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_response_to_the_2010_Chile_earthquake" title="Humanitarian response to the 2010 Chile earthquake">Humanitarian responses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_relief_efforts_after_the_2010_Chile_earthquake" title="Timeline of relief efforts after the 2010 Chile earthquake">Timeline of relief efforts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Chile" title="List of earthquakes in Chile">List of earthquakes in Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_21st-century_earthquakes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of 21st-century earthquakes">List of 21st-century earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_tsunamis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historical tsunamis">List of historical tsunamis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3862#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3862#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3862#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/158308433">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxxfFg4DhQQyDc4xtGJXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82268030">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007562132605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐7d8886d77d‐cb9v7 Cached time: 20241219150232 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.866 seconds Real time usage: 1.115 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 6194/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 102455/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 12713/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 29/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 88174/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.566/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 20177850/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1016.604 1 -total 49.68% 505.099 1 Template:Infobox_settlement 38.16% 387.916 1 Template:Infobox 19.50% 198.269 1 Template:Reflist 15.42% 156.795 12 Template:Cite_web 12.17% 123.706 11 Template:Main_other 11.31% 114.988 4 Template:In_lang 9.85% 100.111 3 Template:Navbox 9.70% 98.613 1 Template:Communes_in_Maule_Region 8.19% 83.289 1 Template:Infobox_settlement/columns --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:5274546:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241219150232 and revision id 1240399121. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&amp;type=1x1&amp;usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constitución,_Chile&amp;oldid=1240399121">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constitución,_Chile&amp;oldid=1240399121</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Talca_Province" title="Category:Populated places in Talca Province">Populated places in Talca Province</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Communes_of_Chile" title="Category:Communes of Chile">Communes of Chile</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Port_cities_in_Chile" title="Category:Port cities in Chile">Port cities in Chile</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_in_1794" title="Category:Populated places established in 1794">Populated places established in 1794</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1794_establishments_in_the_Spanish_Empire" title="Category:1794 establishments in the Spanish Empire">1794 establishments in the Spanish Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coasts_of_Maule_Region" title="Category:Coasts of Maule Region">Coasts of Maule Region</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:Articles with French-language sources (fr)">Articles with French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:Articles with Spanish-language sources (es)">Articles with Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Spanish_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Spanish IPA">Pages with Spanish IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2014" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 August 2024, at 05:34<span class="anonymous-show">&#160;(UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7f966856f8-vkcd6","wgBackendResponseTime":141,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.866","walltime":"1.115","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6194,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":102455,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":12713,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":29,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":88174,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1016.604 1 -total"," 49.68% 505.099 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 38.16% 387.916 1 Template:Infobox"," 19.50% 198.269 1 Template:Reflist"," 15.42% 156.795 12 Template:Cite_web"," 12.17% 123.706 11 Template:Main_other"," 11.31% 114.988 4 Template:In_lang"," 9.85% 100.111 3 Template:Navbox"," 9.70% 98.613 1 Template:Communes_in_Maule_Region"," 8.19% 83.289 1 Template:Infobox_settlement/columns"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.566","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20177850,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7d8886d77d-cb9v7","timestamp":"20241219150232","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Constituci\u00f3n, Chile","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3862","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3862","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-05-24T16:14:43Z","dateModified":"2024-08-15T05:34:52Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/44\/Consti.jpg","headline":"Chilean city and commune"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10