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Akhrif</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Rachid El Akhrif"> <meta name="keywords" content="Rachid El Akhrif"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Rachid El Akhrif"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 121</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Rachid El Akhrif</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">121</span> Speed Power Control of Double Field Induction Generator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Mausmi">Ali Mausmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Abbou"> Ahmed Abbou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20El%20Akhrif"> Rachid El Akhrif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper aims to reduce the chattering phenomenon due to control by sliding mode control applied on a wind energy conversion system based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). Our goal is to offset the effect of parametric uncertainties and come as close as possible to the dynamic response solicited by the control law in the ideal case and therefore force the active and reactive power generated by the DFIG to accurately follow the reference values which are provided to it. The simulation results using Matlab / Simulink demonstrate the efficiency and performance of the proposed technique while maintaining the simplicity of control by first order sliding mode. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20of%20speed" title="control of speed">control of speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correction%20of%20the%20equivalent%20command" title=" correction of the equivalent command"> correction of the equivalent command</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20generator" title=" induction generator"> induction generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20mode" title=" sliding mode"> sliding mode</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74909/speed-power-control-of-double-field-induction-generator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74909.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">120</span> Sliding Mode Control of the Power of Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Variable Speed Wind Energy Conversion System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Abbou">Ahmed Abbou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Mousmi"> Ali Mousmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20El%20Akhrif"> Rachid El Akhrif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper aims to reduce the chattering phenomenon due to control by sliding mode control applied on a wind energy conversion system based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). Our goal is to offset the effect of parametric uncertainties and come as close as possible to the dynamic response solicited by the control law in the ideal case and therefore force the active and reactive power generated by the DFIG to accurately follow the reference values which are provided to it. The simulation results using Matlab / Simulink demonstrate the efficiency and performance of the proposed technique while maintaining the simplicity of control by first order sliding mode. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correction%20of%20the%20equivalent%20command" title="correction of the equivalent command">correction of the equivalent command</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFIG" title=" DFIG"> DFIG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20machine" title=" induction machine"> induction machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20mode%20controller" title=" sliding mode controller"> sliding mode controller</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63503/sliding-mode-control-of-the-power-of-doubly-fed-induction-generator-for-variable-speed-wind-energy-conversion-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">119</span> Integrative Transcriptomic Profiling of NK Cells and Monocytes: Advancing Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies for COVID-19</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salma%20Loukman">Salma Loukman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reda%20Benmrid"> Reda Benmrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najat%20Bouchmaa"> Najat Bouchmaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hicham%20Hboub"> Hicham Hboub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20El%20Fatimy"> Rachid El Fatimy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Benhida"> Rachid Benhida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, it use integrated transcriptomic datasets from the GEO repository with the purpose of investigating immune dysregulation in COVID-19. Thus, in this context, we decided to be focused on NK cells and CD14+ monocytes gene expression, considering datasets GSE165461 and GSE198256, respectively. Other datasets with PBMCs, lung, olfactory, and sensory epithelium and lymph were used to provide robust validation for our results. This approach gave an integrated view of the immune responses in COVID-19, pointing out a set of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets with special regard to standards of physiological conditions. IFI27, MKI67, CENPF, MBP, HBA2, TMEM158, THBD, HBA1, LHFPL2, SLA, and AC104564.3 were identified as key genes from our analysis that have critical biological processes related to inflammation, immune regulation, oxidative stress, and metabolic processes. Consequently, such processes are important in understanding the heterogeneous clinical manifestations of COVID-19—from acute to long-term effects now known as 'long COVID'. Subsequent validation with additional datasets consolidated these genes as robust biomarkers with an important role in the diagnosis of COVID-19 and the prediction of its severity. Moreover, their enrichment in key pathophysiological pathways presented them as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.The results provide insight into the molecular dynamics of COVID-19 caused by cells such as NK cells and other monocytes. Thus, this study constitutes a solid basis for targeted diagnostic and therapeutic development and makes relevant contributions to ongoing research efforts toward better management and mitigation of the pandemic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SARS-COV-2" title="SARS-COV-2">SARS-COV-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RNA-seq" title=" RNA-seq"> RNA-seq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarkers" title=" biomarkers"> biomarkers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=severity" title=" severity"> severity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long%20COVID-19" title=" long COVID-19"> long COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio%20analysis" title=" bio analysis"> bio analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193566/integrative-transcriptomic-profiling-of-nk-cells-and-monocytes-advancing-diagnostic-and-therapeutic-strategies-for-covid-19" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193566.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">12</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">118</span> Modeling of Leaks Effects on Transient Dispersed Bubbly Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohand%20Kessal">Mohand Kessal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Boucetta"> Rachid Boucetta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mourad%20Tikobaini"> Mourad Tikobaini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Zamoum"> Mohammed Zamoum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Leakage problem of two-component fluids flow is modeled for a transient one-dimensional homogeneous bubbly flow and developed by taking into account the effect of a leak located at the middle point of the pipeline. The corresponding three conservation equations are numerically resolved by an improved characteristic method. The obtained results are explained and commented in terms of physical impact on the flow parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid%20transients" title="fluid transients">fluid transients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipelines%20leaks" title=" pipelines leaks"> pipelines leaks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=method%20of%20characteristics" title=" method of characteristics"> method of characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leakage%20problem" title=" leakage problem"> leakage problem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15034/modeling-of-leaks-effects-on-transient-dispersed-bubbly-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">477</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">117</span> Computation of Stress Intensity Factor Using Extended Finite Element Method </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoudi%20Noureddine">Mahmoudi Noureddine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouregba%20Rachid"> Bouregba Rachid </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper the stress intensity factors of a slant-cracked plate of AISI 304 stainless steel, have been calculated using extended finite element method and finite element method (FEM) in ABAQUS software, the results were compared with theoretical values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20intensity%20factors" title="stress intensity factors">stress intensity factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extended%20finite%20element%20method" title=" extended finite element method"> extended finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stainless%20steel" title=" stainless steel"> stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abaqus" title=" abaqus"> abaqus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22230/computation-of-stress-intensity-factor-using-extended-finite-element-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">618</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">116</span> Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Properties of Moroccan Plant Extracts against Dactylopius Opuntiae (Cockerell) Under Laboratory and Greenhouse Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imane%20Naboulsi">Imane Naboulsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansour%20Sobeh"> Mansour Sobeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Lamzira"> Rachid Lamzira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karim%20El%20Fakhouri"> Karim El Fakhouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Widad%20Ben%20Bakrim"> Widad Ben Bakrim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaimae%20Ramdani"> Chaimae Ramdani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Boulamtat"> Rachid Boulamtat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustapha%20El%20Bouhssini"> Mustapha El Bouhssini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jane%20ward"> Jane ward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelaziz%20Yasri"> Abdelaziz Yasri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aziz%20Aboulmouhajir"> Aziz Aboulmouhajir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The wild cochineal Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) is the major insect pest of the prickly pear Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) in Morocco, which has causedenormous socio-economic and environmental losses to this crop in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the insecticidal potential of six aqueous (100% water), and methanolic (20/80 (v/v) MeOH/H2O) extracts obtained from aromatic and medicinal plants growing in arid and semi-arid regions of Morocco to control nymphs and adult females of D. opuntiae, under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Under laboratory conditions, the aqueous extracts of Atriplex halimus at 5% caused significant mortality in nymphs with 71% four days after application and 88%on adult females of D. opuntiae8 days post-treatment. Under greenhouse conditions, the aqueous extract of A. halimus combined with black soap at 10 g/L showed the highest mortality rate of nymphs with 100%, 4 days after application. The adult females' mortality increased significantly to reach 83.75%,14 days after the second application of A. halimus aqueous extract at 5%. Phytochemical analysis of the water extract of A. halimus revealed a high content of saponins (24.09 ± 0.71 mg SSE/g DW) compared to other plant extracts, which was confirmed by LC-MS characterization that showed the presence of 36 triterpenoid saponin compounds (derived from oleic-12-en-28-oic acid), in addition to phytoecdysones, simple carboxylic acids, and flavonoids. These findings showed that using the aqueous extract of A. halimus as a biological pesticide could be incorporated into the management package to control the wild cochineal as a safe alternative to chemical insecticides. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dactylopius%20opuntiae" title="dactylopius opuntiae">dactylopius opuntiae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opuntia%20ficus-indica%20L." title=" opuntia ficus-indica L."> opuntia ficus-indica L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20extracts" title=" plant extracts"> plant extracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity" title=" toxicity"> toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atriplex%20halimus" title=" atriplex halimus"> atriplex halimus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saponins" title=" saponins"> saponins</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150439/chemical-composition-and-insecticidal-properties-of-moroccan-plant-extracts-against-dactylopius-opuntiae-cockerell-under-laboratory-and-greenhouse-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150439.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">115</span> Physicochemical Characterizations of Marine and River Sediments in the North of France</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abriak%20Nor%20Edine">Abriak Nor Edine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zentar%20Rachid"> Zentar Rachid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Achour%20Raouf"> Achour Raouf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tran%20Ngoc%20Thanh"> Tran Ngoc Thanh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work is undertaken to develop a methodology to enhance the management of dredged marine and river sediments in the North of France. The main objective of this study is to determine the main characteristics of these sediments. In this order, physical, mineralogical and chemical properties of both types of sediments are measured. Moreover, their potential impacts on the environment are assessed throughout leaching tests. From the obtained results, the potential of their use in road engineering is discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20sediments" title="marine sediments">marine sediments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20sediments" title=" river sediments"> river sediments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physico%20chemical%20characterizations" title=" physico chemical characterizations"> physico chemical characterizations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20characterizations" title=" environmental characterizations"> environmental characterizations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18912/physicochemical-characterizations-of-marine-and-river-sediments-in-the-north-of-france" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">548</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">114</span> A Performance Study of a Solar Heating System on the Microclimate of an Agricultural Greenhouse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nora%20Arbaoui">Nora Arbaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Tadili"> Rachid Tadili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study focuses on a solar system designed to heat an agricultural greenhouse. This solar system is based on the heating of a transfer fluid that circulates inside the greenhouse through a solar copper coil integrated into the roof of the greenhouse. The thermal energy stored during the day will be released during the night to improve the microclimate of the greenhouse. This system was tested in a small agricultural greenhouse in order to ameliorate the different operational parameters. The climatic and agronomic results obtained with this system are significant in comparison with a greenhouse with no heating system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20system" title="solar system">solar system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20greenhouse" title=" agricultural greenhouse"> agricultural greenhouse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heating" title=" heating"> heating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage" title=" storage"> storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drying" title=" drying"> drying</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167779/a-performance-study-of-a-solar-heating-system-on-the-microclimate-of-an-agricultural-greenhouse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167779.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">113</span> Metaheuristics to Solve Tasks Scheduling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Ziteuni">Rachid Ziteuni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selt%20Omar"> Selt Omar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we propose a new polynomial metaheuristic elaboration (tabu search) for solving scheduling problems. This method allows us to solve the scheduling problem of n tasks on m identical parallel machines with unavailability periods. This problem is NP-complete in the strong sens and finding an optimal solution appears unlikely. Note that all data in this problem are integer and deterministic. The performance criterion to optimize in this problem which we denote Pm/N-c/summs of (wjCj) is the weighted sum of the end dates of tasks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scheduling" title="scheduling">scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20identical%20machines" title=" parallel identical machines"> parallel identical machines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unavailability%20periods" title=" unavailability periods"> unavailability periods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaheuristic" title=" metaheuristic"> metaheuristic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tabu%20search" title=" tabu search"> tabu search</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5635/metaheuristics-to-solve-tasks-scheduling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5635.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">112</span> A Solar Heating System Performance on the Microclimate of an Agricultural Greenhouse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nora%20Arbaoui">Nora Arbaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Tadili"> Rachid Tadili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The experiment adopted a natural technique of heating and cooling an agricultural greenhouse to reduce the fuel consumption and CO2 emissions based on the heating of a transfer fluid that circulates inside the greenhouse through a solar copper coil positioned at the roof of the greenhouse. This experimental study is devoted to the performance evaluation of a solar heating system to improve the microclimate of a greenhouse during the cold period, especially in the Mediterranean climate. This integrated solar system for heating has a positive impact on the quality and quantity of the products under the study greenhouse. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20system" title="solar system">solar system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20greenhouse" title=" agricultural greenhouse"> agricultural greenhouse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heating" title=" heating"> heating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage" title=" storage"> storage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174386/a-solar-heating-system-performance-on-the-microclimate-of-an-agricultural-greenhouse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174386.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">111</span> Valorization Bio-Waste Argan Pulp for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Drissi">Omar Drissi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20El%20Harfaoui"> Nadia El Harfaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Nouneh"> Khalid Nouneh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Hsissou"> Rachid Hsissou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badre%20Daoudi"> Badre Daoudi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The pulp endures of having a lower importance, incompletely because of the way that it has been less studied, and it has been recognized as a pivotal product got from biomass that can be utilized in different fields. The current research focuses on pulp of Argania spinosa (L). To this end, the aim is to study the characteristics and properties of Argan pulp, such as shape, chemical and macromineral composition. As a result, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used in the research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=argania%20spinose" title="argania spinose">argania spinose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=argan%20pulp" title=" argan pulp"> argan pulp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=argan%20bio-waste" title=" argan bio-waste"> argan bio-waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20synthesis" title=" green synthesis"> green synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20nanoparticles" title=" silver nanoparticles"> silver nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valorization" title=" valorization"> valorization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167565/valorization-bio-waste-argan-pulp-for-green-synthesis-of-silver-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167565.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">110</span> Assessment of the Thermal Performance of a Solar Heating System on an Agricultural Greenhouse Microclimate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nora%20Arbaoui">Nora Arbaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Tadili"> Rachid Tadili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The substantial increase of areas cultivated under glasshouses compels the use of other natural heating and cooling procedures to make a profit as well as avoid both exorbitant fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions. This experimental study is designed to examine the functioning of a solar heating system that will increase positive consequences in terms of both quantity and quality while successfully enhancing greenhouse microclimate during wintertime. Those configurations have been tested in a miniaturized greenhouse simply after having optimized the operating parameters. These were noteworthy results when compared to an unheated witness greenhouse. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20system" title="solar system">solar system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20greenhouse" title=" agricultural greenhouse"> agricultural greenhouse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heating" title=" heating"> heating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling" title=" cooling"> cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage" title=" storage"> storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drying" title=" drying"> drying</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189034/assessment-of-the-thermal-performance-of-a-solar-heating-system-on-an-agricultural-greenhouse-microclimate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">25</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">109</span> Impact of aSolar System Designed to Improve the Microclimate of an Agricultural Greenhouse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nora%20Arbaoui">Nora Arbaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Tadili"> Rachid Tadili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilham%20Ihoume"> Ilham Ihoume</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The improvement of the agricultural production and food preservation processes requires the introduction of heating and cooling techniques in greenhouses. To develop these techniques, our work proposes a design of an integrated and autonomous solar system for heating, cooling, and production conservation in greenhouses. The hot air produced by the greenhouse effect during the day will be evacuated to compartments annexed in the greenhouse to dry the surplus agricultural production that is not sold on the market. In this paper, we will give a description of this solar system and the calculation of the fluid’s volume used for heat storage that will be released during the night. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20system" title="solar system">solar system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20greenhouse" title=" agricultural greenhouse"> agricultural greenhouse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heating" title=" heating"> heating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling" title=" cooling"> cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage" title=" storage"> storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drying" title=" drying"> drying</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158038/impact-of-asolar-system-designed-to-improve-the-microclimate-of-an-agricultural-greenhouse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">108</span> SVM-DTC Using for PMSM Speed Tracking Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kendouci%20Khedidja">Kendouci Khedidja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mazari%20Benyounes"> Mazari Benyounes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benhadria%20Mohamed%20Rachid"> Benhadria Mohamed Rachid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dadi%20Rachida"> Dadi Rachida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, direct torque control (DTC) has become an alternative to the well-known vector control especially for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). However, it presents a problem of field linkage and torque ripple. In order to solve this problem, the conventional DTC is combined with space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). This control theory has achieved great success in the control of PMSM. That has become a hotspot for resolving. The main objective of this paper gives us an introduction of the DTC and SVPWM-DTC control theory of PMSM which has been simulating on each part of the system via Matlab/Simulink based on the mathematical modeling. Moreover, the outcome of the simulation proved that the improved SVPWM- DTC of PMSM has a good dynamic and static performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMSM" title="PMSM">PMSM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DTC" title=" DTC"> DTC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SVM" title=" SVM"> SVM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speed%20control" title=" speed control"> speed control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43513/svm-dtc-using-for-pmsm-speed-tracking-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43513.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">107</span> A Study of Traffic Assignment Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelfetah%20Laouzai">Abdelfetah Laouzai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Ouafi"> Rachid Ouafi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a traffic network, users usually choose their way so that it reduces their travel time between pairs origin-destination. This behavior might seem selfish as it produces congestions in different parts of the network. The traffic assignment problem (TAP) models the interactions between congestion and user travel decisions to obtain vehicles flows over each axis of the traffic network. The resolution methods of TAP serve as a tool allows predicting users’ distribution, identifying congesting points and affecting the travelers’ behavior in the choice of their route in the network following dynamic data. In this article, we will present a review about specific resolution approach of TAP. A comparative analysis is carried out on those approaches so that it highlights the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of each. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20traffic" title="network traffic">network traffic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=travel%20decisions" title=" travel decisions"> travel decisions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=approaches" title=" approaches"> approaches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20assignment" title=" traffic assignment"> traffic assignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flows" title=" flows"> flows</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37867/a-study-of-traffic-assignment-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37867.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">106</span> Influence of Chemical Treatment on Elastic Properties of the Band Cotton Crepe 100%</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bachir%20Chemani">Bachir Chemani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Halfaoui"> Rachid Halfaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madani%20Maalem"> Madani Maalem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The manufacturing technology of band cotton is very delicate and depends to choice of certain parameters such as torsion of warp yarn. The fabric elasticity is achieved without the use of any elastic material, chemical expansion, artificial or synthetic and it’s capable of creating pressures useful for therapeutic treatments.Before use, the band is subjected to treatments of specific preparation for obtaining certain elasticity, however, during its treatment, there are some regression parameters. The dependence of manufacturing parameters on the quality of the chemical treatment was confirmed. The aim of this work is to improve the properties of the fabric through the development of manufacturing technology appropriately. Finally for the treatment of the strip pancake 100% cotton, a treatment method is recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic" title="elastic">elastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton" title=" cotton"> cotton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=processing" title=" processing"> processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torsion" title=" torsion"> torsion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9532/influence-of-chemical-treatment-on-elastic-properties-of-the-band-cotton-crepe-100" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">105</span> Modeling Thin Shell Structures by a New Flat Shell Finite Element</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djamal%20Hamadi">Djamal Hamadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashraf%20Ayoub"> Ashraf Ayoub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ounis%20Abdelhafid"> Ounis Abdelhafid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chebili%20Rachid"> Chebili Rachid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a new computationally-efficient rectangular flat shell finite element named 'ACM_RSBEC' is presented. The formulated element is obtained by superposition of a new rectangular membrane element 'RSBEC' based on the strain approach and the well known plate bending element 'ACM'. This element can be used for the analysis of thin shell structures, no matter how the geometrical shape might be. Tests on standard problems have been examined. The convergence of the new formulated element is also compared to other types of quadrilateral shell elements. The presented shell element ‘ACM_RSBEC’ has been demonstrated to be effective and useful in analysing thin shell structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element" title="finite element">finite element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flat%20shell%20element" title=" flat shell element"> flat shell element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain%20based%20approach" title=" strain based approach"> strain based approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20condensation" title=" static condensation"> static condensation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3307/modeling-thin-shell-structures-by-a-new-flat-shell-finite-element" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">104</span> A Comparative Analysis of Multicarrier SPWM Strategies for Five-Level Flying Capacitor Inverter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bachir%20Belmadani">Bachir Belmadani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Taleb"> Rachid Taleb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zinelaabidine%20Boudjema"> Zinelaabidine Boudjema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adil%20Yahdou"> Adil Yahdou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carrier-based methods have been used widely for switching of multilevel inverters due to their simplicity, flexibility and reduced computational requirements compared to space vector modulation (SVM). This paper focuses on Multicarrier Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (MCSPWM) strategy for the three phase Five-Level Flying Capacitor Inverter (5LFCI). The inverter is simulated for Induction Motor (IM) load and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) for output waveforms is observed for different controlling schemes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flying%20capacitor%20inverter" title="flying capacitor inverter">flying capacitor inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multicarrier%20sinusoidal%20pulse%20width%20modulation" title=" multicarrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation"> multicarrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20vector%20modulation" title=" space vector modulation"> space vector modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20harmonic%20distortion" title=" total harmonic distortion"> total harmonic distortion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20motor" title=" induction motor"> induction motor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45816/a-comparative-analysis-of-multicarrier-spwm-strategies-for-five-level-flying-capacitor-inverter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45816.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">103</span> A Conjugate Gradient Method for Large Scale Unconstrained Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Belloufi">Mohammed Belloufi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Benzine"> Rachid Benzine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badreddine%20Sellami"> Badreddine Sellami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conjugate gradient methods is useful for solving large scale optimization problems in scientific and engineering computation, characterized by the simplicity of their iteration and their low memory requirements. It is well known that the search direction plays a main role in the line search method. In this paper, we propose a search direction with the Wolfe line search technique for solving unconstrained optimization problems. Under the above line searches and some assumptions, the global convergence properties of the given methods are discussed. Numerical results and comparisons with other CG methods are given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconstrained%20optimization" title="unconstrained optimization">unconstrained optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjugate%20gradient%20method" title=" conjugate gradient method"> conjugate gradient method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strong%20Wolfe%20line%20search" title=" strong Wolfe line search"> strong Wolfe line search</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20convergence" title=" global convergence"> global convergence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40028/a-conjugate-gradient-method-for-large-scale-unconstrained-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40028.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">102</span> The Morocco's Return to the African Union: A New Era in the Kingdom's Foreign Policy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Ponomarenko">L. Ponomarenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Kaouar"> Rachid Kaouar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Morocco has rejoined the African Union and more than 30 years after it left the continental body due to the recognition of the Arabic Republic of Western Sahara. Morocco was readmitted after a one year campaign led by the King himself, who was visiting the Eastern African country with the aim to expend the kingdom presence in new region in Africa after that it managed to build a large influence net in the West Africa region. The return of Morocco can be a beginning of a new era in the foreign policy of Morocco, specially, in the policy towards the state-quo of the Western Sahara conflict, which is considerate as one the biggest obstacle for the cooperation and integration process in the region of North Africa. As a member-state of the African Union Morocco has lot more to lose, according to that the Moroccan position must be more flexible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=African%20Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algeria" title=" Algeria"> Algeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morocco" title=" Morocco"> Morocco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=North%20African%20Region" title=" North African Region"> North African Region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Western%20Sahara" title=" Western Sahara"> Western Sahara</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90274/the-moroccos-return-to-the-african-union-a-new-era-in-the-kingdoms-foreign-policy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90274.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">101</span> Optimum Design of Photovoltaic Water Pumping System Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Abdourraziq">Sarah Abdourraziq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20El%20Bachtiri"> Rachid El Bachtiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The solar power source for pumping water is one of the most promising areas in photovoltaic applications. The implementation of these systems allows to protect the environment and reduce the CO<sub>2</sub> gas emission compared to systems trained by diesel generators. This paper presents a comparative study between the photovoltaic pumping system driven by DC motor, and AC motor to define the optimum design of this application. The studied system consists of PV array, DC-DC Boost Converter, inverter, motor-pump set and storage tank. The comparison was carried out to define the characteristics and the performance of each system. Each subsystem is modeled in order to simulate the whole system in MATLAB/ Simulink. The results show the efficiency of the proposed technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20water%20pumping%20system" title="photovoltaic water pumping system">photovoltaic water pumping system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC%20motor-pump" title=" DC motor-pump"> DC motor-pump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AC%20motor-pump" title=" AC motor-pump"> AC motor-pump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC-DC%20boost%20converter" title=" DC-DC boost converter"> DC-DC boost converter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48465/optimum-design-of-photovoltaic-water-pumping-system-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48465.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">100</span> Contribution of Exchange-correlation Effects on Weakly Relativistic Plasma Expansion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Fermous">Rachid Fermous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rima%20Mebrek"> Rima Mebrek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plasma expansion is an important physical process that takes place in laser interactions with solid targets. Within a self-similar model for the hydrodynamic multi-fluid equations, we investigated the expansion of dense plasma. The weakly relativistic electrons are produced by ultra-intense laser pulses, while ions are supposed to be in a non-relativistic regime. It is shown that dense plasma expansion is found to be governed mainly by quantum contributions in the fluid equations that originate from the degenerate pressure in addition to the nonlinear contributions from exchange and correlation potentials. The quantum degeneracy parameter proﬁle provides clues to set the limit between under-dense and dense relativistic plasma expansions at a given density and temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20expansion" title="plasma expansion">plasma expansion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20degeneracy" title=" quantum degeneracy"> quantum degeneracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weakly%20relativistic" title=" weakly relativistic"> weakly relativistic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=under-dense%20%20plasma" title=" under-dense plasma"> under-dense plasma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167933/contribution-of-exchange-correlation-effects-on-weakly-relativistic-plasma-expansion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167933.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">99</span> Cavitating Flow through a Venturi Using Computational Fluid Dynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imane%20Benghalia">Imane Benghalia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Zamoum"> Mohammed Zamoum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Boucetta"> Rachid Boucetta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrodynamic cavitation is a complex physical phenomenon that appears in hydraulic systems (pumps, turbines, valves, Venturi tubes, etc.) when the fluid pressure decreases below the saturated vapor pressure. The works carried out in this study aimed to get a better understanding of the cavitating flow phenomena. For this, we have numerically studied a cavitating bubbly flow through a Venturi nozzle. The cavitation model is selected and solved using a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. The obtained results show the effect of the inlet pressure (10, 7, 5, and 2 bars) of the Venturi on pressure, the velocity of the fluid flow, and the vapor fraction. We found that the inlet pressure of the Venturi strongly affects the evolution of the pressure, velocity, and vapor fraction formation in the cavitating flow. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cavitating%20flow" title="cavitating flow">cavitating flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20change" title=" phase change"> phase change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=venturi" title=" venturi"> venturi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166565/cavitating-flow-through-a-venturi-using-computational-fluid-dynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166565.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">98</span> Trabecular Texture Analysis Using Fractal Metrics for Bone Fragility Assessment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Harrar">Khaled Harrar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Jennane"> Rachid Jennane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is the discrimination of 28 postmenopausal with osteoporotic femoral fractures from an age-matched control group of 28 women using texture analysis based on fractals. Two pre-processing approaches are applied on radiographic images; these techniques are compared to highlight the choice of the pre-processing method. Furthermore, the values of the fractal dimension are compared to those of the fractal signature in terms of the classification of the two populations. In a second analysis, the BMD measure at proximal femur was compared to the fractal analysis, the latter, which is a non-invasive technique, allowed a better discrimination; the results confirm that the fractal analysis of texture on calcaneus radiographs is able to discriminate osteoporotic patients with femoral fracture from controls. This discrimination was efficient compared to that obtained by BMD alone. It was also present in comparing subgroups with overlapping values of BMD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteoporosis" title="osteoporosis">osteoporosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractal%20dimension" title=" fractal dimension"> fractal dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractal%20signature" title=" fractal signature"> fractal signature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20mineral%20density" title=" bone mineral density"> bone mineral density</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28859/trabecular-texture-analysis-using-fractal-metrics-for-bone-fragility-assessment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28859.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">97</span> Theoretical Density Study of Winding Yarns on Spool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bachir%20Chemani">Bachir Chemani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Halfaoui"> Rachid Halfaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of work is to define the distribution density of winding yarn on cylindrical and conical bobbins. It is known that parallel winding gives greater density and more regular distribution, but the unwinding of yarn is much more difficult for following process. The conical spool has an enormous advantage during unwinding and may contain a large amount of yarns, but the density distribution is not regular because of difference in diameters. The variation of specific density over the reel height is explained generally by the sudden change of winding speed due to direction movement variation of yarn. We determined the conditions of uniform winding and developed a calculate model to the change of the specific density of winding wire over entire spool height. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile" title="textile">textile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cylindrical%20bobbins" title=" cylindrical bobbins"> cylindrical bobbins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conical%20bobbins" title=" conical bobbins"> conical bobbins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20winding" title=" parallel winding"> parallel winding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20winding" title=" cross winding"> cross winding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16154/theoretical-density-study-of-winding-yarns-on-spool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">96</span> A Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-Nelder- Mead Algorithm (PSO-NM) for Nelson-Siegel- Svensson Calibration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofia%20Ayouche">Sofia Ayouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Ellaia"> Rachid Ellaia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajae%20Aboulaich"> Rajae Aboulaich</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today, insurers may use the yield curve as an indicator evaluation of the profit or the performance of their portfolios; therefore, they modeled it by one class of model that has the ability to fit and forecast the future term structure of interest rates. This class of model is the Nelson-Siegel-Svensson model. Unfortunately, many authors have reported a lot of difficulties when they want to calibrate the model because the optimization problem is not convex and has multiple local optima. In this context, we implement a hybrid Particle Swarm optimization and Nelder Mead algorithm in order to minimize by least squares method, the difference between the zero-coupon curve and the NSS curve. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title="optimization">optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero-coupon%20curve" title=" zero-coupon curve"> zero-coupon curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nelson-Siegel-Svensson" title=" Nelson-Siegel-Svensson"> Nelson-Siegel-Svensson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimization" title=" particle swarm optimization"> particle swarm optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nelder-Mead%20algorithm" title=" Nelder-Mead algorithm"> Nelder-Mead algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48619/a-hybrid-particle-swarm-optimization-nelder-mead-algorithm-pso-nm-for-nelson-siegel-svensson-calibration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48619.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">95</span> Polyphenols Content and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Peganum harmala Seeds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Kacem">Rachid Kacem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Talbi"> Sara Talbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasmina%20Hemissi"> Yasmina Hemissi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofia%20%20Bouguattoucha"> Sofia Bouguattoucha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the present work is the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the Peganum harmala (P. harmala) seeds extracts. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by applying two methods, the method of ß-carotene bleaching and DPPH (2, 2-Diphenyl-1-Picryl-Hydrazyl). Using Folin-Ciocalteu assay, these results revealed that the concentration of polyphenols in EthOH E. (122.28 ± 2.24 µg GAE/mg extract) is the highest. The antiradical activity of the P. harmala seeds extracts on DPPH was found to be dose dependent with polyphenols concentration. The E. EthOH extract showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC = 252.10 ± 11.18 μg /ml). The test of β-carotene bleaching indicates that the E. EthOH of P. harmala showed the highest percentage of the antioxidant activity (49.88 %). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title="antioxidant activity">antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peganum%20harmala" title=" Peganum harmala"> Peganum harmala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyphenols" title=" polyphenols"> polyphenols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flavonoids" title=" flavonoids "> flavonoids </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32852/polyphenols-content-and-antioxidant-activity-of-extracts-from-peganum-harmala-seeds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32852.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">94</span> Influence of Hydrolytic Degradation on Properties of Moisture Membranes Used in Fire-Protective Clothing </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20El%20Aidani">Rachid El Aidani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phuong%20Nguyen-Tri"> Phuong Nguyen-Tri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toan%20Vu-Khanh"> Toan Vu-Khanh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study intends to show the influence of the hydrolytic degradation on the properties of the e-PTFE/NOMEX® membranes used in fire-protective clothing. The modification of water vapour permeability, morphology and chemical structure was examined by MOCON Permatran, electron microscopy scanning (SEM), and ATR-FTIR, respectively. A decrease in permeability to water vapour of the aged samples was observed following closure of transpiration pores. Analysis of fiber morphology indicates the appearance of defects at the fibers surface with the presence of micro cavities as well as the of fibrils. ATR-FTIR analysis reveals the presence of a new absorption band attributed to carboxylic acid terminal groups generated during the amide bond hydrolysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrolytic%20ageing" title="hydrolytic ageing">hydrolytic ageing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20membrane" title=" moisture membrane"> moisture membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20vapor%20permeability" title=" water vapor permeability"> water vapor permeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title=" morphology"> morphology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34137/influence-of-hydrolytic-degradation-on-properties-of-moisture-membranes-used-in-fire-protective-clothing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34137.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">93</span> Performance of a Solar Heating System on the Microclimate of an Agricultural Greenhouse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nora%20Arbaoui">Nora Arbaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Tadili"> Rachid Tadili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilham%20Ihoume"> Ilham Ihoume</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Climate change and its effects on low external temperatures in winter require great consumption of energy to improve the greenhouse microclimate and increase agricultural production. To reduce the amount of energy consumed, a solar system has been developed to heat an agricultural greenhouse. This system is based on a transfer fluid that will circulate inside the greenhouse through a solar copper coil positioned on the roof of the greenhouse. This thermal energy accumulated during the day will be stored to be released during the night to improve the greenhouse’s microclimate. The use of this solar heating system has resulted in an average increase in the greenhouse’s indoor temperature of 8.3°C compared to the outdoor environment. This improved temperature has created a more favorable climate for crops and has subsequently had a positive effect on their development, quality, and production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20system" title="solar system">solar system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20greenhouse" title=" agricultural greenhouse"> agricultural greenhouse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heating" title=" heating"> heating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling" title=" cooling"> cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage" title=" storage"> storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drying" title=" drying"> drying</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161297/performance-of-a-solar-heating-system-on-the-microclimate-of-an-agricultural-greenhouse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">92</span> Steady and Oscillatory States of Swirling Flows under an Axial Magnetic Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brahim%20Mahfoud">Brahim Mahfoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Bessa%C3%AFh"> Rachid Bessaïh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a numerical study of steady and oscillatory flows with heat transfer submitted to an axial magnetic field is studied. The governing Navier-Stokes, energy, and potential equations along with appropriate boundary conditions are solved by using the finite-volume method. The flow and temperature fields are presented by stream function and isotherms, respectively. The flow between counter-rotating end disks is very unstable and reveals a great richness of structures. The results are presented for various values of the Hartmann number, Ha=5, 10, 20, and 30, and Richardson numbers , Ri=0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4, in order to see their effects on the value of the critical Reynolds number, Recr. Stability diagrams are established according to the numerical results of this investigation. These diagrams put in evidence the dependence of Recr with the increase of Ha for various values of Ri. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirling" title="swirling">swirling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counter-rotating%20end%20disks" title=" counter-rotating end disks"> counter-rotating end disks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field" title=" magnetic field"> magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oscillatory" title=" oscillatory"> oscillatory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cylinder" title=" cylinder"> cylinder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33523/steady-and-oscillatory-states-of-swirling-flows-under-an-axial-magnetic-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33523.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20El%20Akhrif&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20El%20Akhrif&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20El%20Akhrif&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20El%20Akhrif&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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