CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134ba30adeefdb3',cH: 'nDefVXQYC.pok1pdw.gH3sC_.3ETCU27lnE6WqBKaA4-1739784297-1.2.1.1-rQ0k210hYVF0faPWyg73EL52N1bHD58hlnubowRpay7hkOLnBNzvo9E8HRpmmP4h',cUPMDTk: "\/5537\/xml?__cf_chl_tk=6IiF36_kYRiUgjJZApk_B54_YM_6cyzVfa.w8rLOgT4-1739784297-1.0.1.1-GGoo9DxMcJW6S17jkqg7eslatnsVNPtmwRk15BPjBNY",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739784297',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/5537\/xml?__cf_chl_f_tk=6IiF36_kYRiUgjJZApk_B54_YM_6cyzVfa.w8rLOgT4-1739784297-1.0.1.1-GGoo9DxMcJW6S17jkqg7eslatnsVNPtmwRk15BPjBNY",md: "NOeibC30y.Pts99RkLvXvTqKkl2TFJZYDd5Q4sdNdfw-1739784297-1.2.1.1-Fg2fXc.SpCDJAMq1q0sutzjnX4JZPeQKcq83HzYAPt0at11ux_Pr_CDXn78egr2_7c0QRO..R2Vy66Bd9.vou3sjiVz_4rfxPLNswN5WIZf2fCl2SiM84ahv7D0jI7TRuWw1dEKZSvxDO6Fx9PqfBYZXrGRYVLYh5rQmBxYheQkaz1ugpUzsYYfW80gOaiCh4CWAGIHKvVATB_5PzbNp68IixB6E8PTHSqJtAn3CFSF6yVHm.BjRRMDIzDXWsVmpyVaLqBv93ZtB6p64QBag4ndRdp.5gaPgmHwG1xGORxX0nWxuJOCbTkiaHBpLLF5YY.oTM_.1wdCU.Fab6EQf7qL8JMzGz5Hyo5XcVvWWPfZeef1afmhcvaLdL5Vw4XSPzVKG8Mnnay.PbXYjZrSA7WmARFseccAGPl_uHBuprRMQAQC9dYRwNRW29tj9P72hbtUWhm2lmndoS6cK4xmprf_lN.niZp2XqbAQxqE6EKL..qto710VhJ7bEfihhqXXLaa4kP22JnyMq99Ki9KwZf_2kQQRJ3JBH2hBsr0EnjwN0urzg15.B_3WBeIEruCLgOrJxu6RXPozqxiUqOhKiOs_DnTRithM5QlJqBcpV9E7vM5o2gIQ8tPcZfadcr7m.mH2f.Fv4wBAuBDXsHj_jKh2Es_3NaMFTxRr2n.WIICAZ5jdCMOEk4SjccEF_vep5MG90ESjbz0_43nCRCIWlkF5H1R5Dv7xM5WygzfJMq5IBJQgpOiSjLdSCDNN2pCLTTOtAhJsZUJJ8lHLd1KCsCxfwcuhsNyI076pEDq9kv4qnQlo.jQraieURnu9zMKQHr0jtH1uPncCmpjkz7egWtFU3H3qTAXq.EWayVDZe7Qb1AzNKwt2Lj7asLtjsYxtJra7A2gF8gVKGJeBeNDk2BkVPTVF4TkxmsHIZ6nZSJxHkkSxxZi3O3s9r10CKbT9Zjj7cJt7SbUqjB9VgYS5xa7ndlT.bQFYdYwqEg5j8SoWoYMUuLJ6dXW2_3nerN2U8aA0LJDW8qBS.EbWlb2R9Y3Mri06AUqnC1DtkJZ0TDsu3glJBDPDQK87vyNM5HJtpiCSrw1GBfAvb74yqG3vlbcP1EsuSw23ImEL4KqjzHStQ97R.OxkN1yY4mndO03aIWq_T7AJAjuyfowE6wJpgi4V4KU6unxv8JZ5BeOhw9bmN9H2glckIBAIXXciLWbaYdJ2pNx3wv4bJAo9z1VSpGvbMyWVvsUoDSk8xrHObcKGRIKXqd.XaBMdAE_5SHO93WxkX9oSOxcilI4.XX4dqChn5s3Vue_Pap.nxnBZtqWr.JwipCMmNslrpFBe_idIdIhFpVb3x2HqSDDqlK3Jk0Ap82ozciLQlhCYWC9synnPO1_xk_tCuCZ1wfoZ0DlNqL_EMalzBngRLnYj6DCfQcq32F5G2i6Lhfu_LyGZqAdAD5nAokZO93jZVfRZjv77TSPpuVcku2iJPx_HdCVwX3GA1GVN3VrHkA1Gnao24NzcrY4ewJdcPLkkia3j4dTzyg5ysgugPRAI1Isk3J3cadYd6PaRY6Ps9DPzfKa_lHw1fUWn38r3NEf0_VEtc81UfIOUJoydxFLKYc9gWrDIgPxKvL9xDm8urK.cFvAv0DdODrXMLBONjKili1hTxUQaGf_KPQd8CmxTk3XEbLvUHGY5xHbsfmCTZRn_NSnU6PpDXjxNmIAxPoxKEMN7psYNh3y77qGkGP6PCE4xoMGBm5KC6WW94Rrxhd6Mq3pIz0MIhoMegvv.sWTGWvD4.BYzUBvkcSid9Rmec_Thr8yPp4wlvI.L7mwLZf0C7rd3iYZnEpR37sJQREZaQFvHEKAMEop4LiwowpGySwaQFDPjJA",mdrd: "mRsQnJqQYdX63fGVz5jBrPFcs9vF8c_bgiWLrZvzH.s-1739784297-1.2.1.1-J.N9PAFg0cAcJL1sT1Gfh6Y.Nme_lInGI9_0p0.T0MK4OnOboZjfRZrTfVmLeDOe8WcaPoExklTuEwhxu4rTmaejtSoiFVGqwPYEUmev9Jn0tS04Te7RJbwaqA3sE4v3RJSbVYH1fjnoVzj5m57l_bTroDxycECXbqdwBA8A9t_DHxd9_qaMOmA_xGghIwF9AFdgqLq_1ounAB7Aumf7Tdb8dZbiuec1uKOlFw_ClzuL6NBAp5aBMVkqs.Jrt7lIMymEJmFIP1hHejBaxTHUE8Wqy62RaXQgfDgfAfjrkBSxqqJR_Nlk1rBwFWh1Sjc8_cKeYp2t549JUKAa1Toijw.yN4hgbLRzTqe3gSXKjpymdYwoxwcd8eaiRgZNoXgEUv0eqxE_.rml1ZRS_SzcyrXok475CSmGM_jfrBXKgdOMxujl2VXt2.AtrouMeAe9.1KJ4DJvVpGKF16AxWBh4n43LG7Txv2Dcv0opQ6jaghD3.Th1X2.niZXllrG5VB.Xeh8dZTNdUEBE1VYQlZ_AvNa9Azfyxo0XFpdM5HISEiaqp0AoPKAX0Xsokf7epH8rMK0g1vEwZLBiTEer1GlotJkQQCy5eukaQdM9uwKjRk6OiEt719S6.EX2gI.mYNoIhHKkwdcvapYeXm6USwuyiY9Hgs1QGy1nbG3lNh_dqTEI8_MHnwSy6LyYpN8CYuuRoVAPQ8YBox7Jz6rUG34_mj4HwzXxof3J2HfHeQky_7zQQOHJMGwB2qX.R.gA0aXGtyDTRBljpkOudfN45_olNX79QDRAI9dWp0hLVuB8wupY6W.tNkxWYuJPszx9999YCywkk4SePuEF8W6A7Tkot3wNjw0W7iZA5x0sR2kI_8pibvfBEDpHiy_TSQsMXTW1.d_QNqw4XbXaepJuJR7lUYo6LIWLA8J8jNkkA_HFfYoSsbxGlq.S2OCTHW_fWwapGhC4lVhpdGBCZTXjU_7vEsiYxSETDZKKw9JuGMDp144MzoDE.hroh_c8eHXNupQBna6XryQb5nL86u6kJDa7dMrY8x298szoUA8Hj1VVPQPCyRGk3VGbtu6QZIgpeMn9WSx1FtM2LuNBeKpdjoW5sZXRSaI7YsS.15SoyzubKv7kywIGLdfo.PpBwykEs6XLcADzz4syz_sT3lFZN2Y_gIaZUXqZVaPKYrtxRux48DNLnfJY5Zz3Odrhs_QJlRcI2odC.uBULXPvwAgZxw6LRCKNzihyoircB.clUYynhHrPLSV.DaVA6EzuGID3mmL0nr1gV56LShuZC9QAzjW3NlBP0RzQcEpCdcmm7mu4glfzsr_aoqpzgg3h1FKZ5xZDj_0rBtsS.33ZysTnqyFj3Ku28k_SnKZylsTXmUQIDMYepql10LnZo9oldP09EYbbPxq2PCR5FqRoyMu.8rWxGPv3aQzLnXGELkua2SoaDTs3ecw8qUgjdyp8jQ9QMYz4G25eFzv.ugVCDWgeNWsslrvNtIPtwtFYGbKbgsjhMIA2Eu.2WstNnqwBSgDtT7m2bdczOMkGFmB7Rh6F8h63.ZpdkW7ueSPLuekVtAi783GQpkYwG9ce.0JRgZ3HKmPCPxJHfaned0t49ravNZrAY8XpygsJcC_MH5El3hm8DZ.0vU6QX9z9wopJvnydpElnQG0W1aXW3cmJkCg7jTQ0jhwsXtWPqEc70VKT0nFfEHf0APFoSCHrn7I2WV4e43BRliGG61L9LgCYKRx8JsTQuv2P7Qj_AeRXN2wzC7qQ99PKp8GPCYDpRT3ev1NVnPGxWFRKbirH0LmeXhD729tRdFFGuukRhW8GdZ0er3auStCOA.9F2Cxh1uWlG7_xYdjnRVB.zLKTGAeFI7PAM54FBRRY9Ef4D14wrshTH603NtDAFVMXMFK0ZO5E5VUyTbgu2E.U0stxAY1HschKVzjxYAlpBzpuKiDUw3Ymab2E2l75q7EjA2r_Ug8X4VVxbfDwb9RBbTa4CpMslTG6.3saA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134ba30adeefdb3';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/5537\/xml?__cf_chl_rt_tk=6IiF36_kYRiUgjJZApk_B54_YM_6cyzVfa.w8rLOgT4-1739784297-1.0.1.1-GGoo9DxMcJW6S17jkqg7eslatnsVNPtmwRk15BPjBNY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>