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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British Conservative politician</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">The Baroness Shephard<br />of Northwold</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Shephard_of_Northwold_crop_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Shephard_of_Northwold_crop_2.jpg/220px-Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Shephard_of_Northwold_crop_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Shephard_of_Northwold_crop_2.jpg/330px-Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Shephard_of_Northwold_crop_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Shephard_of_Northwold_crop_2.jpg/440px-Official_portrait_of_Baroness_Shephard_of_Northwold_crop_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1554" data-file-height="2072" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 2018</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Secretary of State for Environment">Shadow Secretary of State for Environment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Transport" title="Shadow Secretary of State for Transport">Transport</a> <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Communities_and_Local_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government">and the Regions</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 June 1998 – 15 June 1999</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">William Hague</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Fowler" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Fowler">Norman Fowler</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Redwood" title="John Redwood">John Redwood</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Shadow Leader of the House of Commons">Shadow Leader of the House of Commons</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />11 June 1997 – 1 June 1998</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">William Hague</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alastair_Goodlad" title="Alastair Goodlad">Alastair Goodlad</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Young,_Baron_Young_of_Cookham" title="George Young, Baron Young of Cookham">George Young</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster">Shadow Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />11 June 1997 – 1 June 1998</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">William Hague</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Heseltine" title="Michael Heseltine">Michael Heseltine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Young,_Baron_Young_of_Cookham" title="George Young, Baron Young of Cookham">George Young</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Education" title="Shadow Secretary of State for Education">Shadow Secretary of State for Education</a> <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Employment" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Secretary of State for Employment">and Employment</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />2 May 1997 – 11 June 1997</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Blunkett" title="David Blunkett">David Blunkett</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Dorrell" title="Stephen Dorrell">Stephen Dorrell</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Education" title="Secretary of State for Education">Secretary of State for Education</a> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Employment" title="Secretary of State for Employment">and Employment</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_aaa"><a href="#endnote_aaa">[a]</a></sup></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />20 July 1994 – 2 May 1997</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Patten,_Baron_Patten" title="John Patten, Baron Patten">John Patten</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Blunkett" title="David Blunkett">David Blunkett</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Agriculture,_Fisheries_and_Food" title="Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food">Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />27 May 1993 – 20 July 1994</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Gummer" title="John Gummer">John Gummer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Waldegrave,_Baron_Waldegrave_of_North_Hill" title="William Waldegrave, Baron Waldegrave of North Hill">William Waldegrave</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Employment" title="Secretary of State for Employment">Secretary of State for Employment</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />10 April 1992 – 27 May 1993</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Howard" title="Michael Howard">Michael Howard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Hunt,_Baron_Hunt_of_Wirral" title="David Hunt, Baron Hunt of Wirral">David Hunt</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_House_of_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the House of Lords">Member of the House of Lords</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Temporal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Temporal">Lord Temporal</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />21 June 2005<br /> <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">Life peerage</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/South_West_Norfolk" class="mw-redirect" title="South West Norfolk">South West Norfolk</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />11 June 1987 – 11 April 2005</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hawkins_(politician)" title="Paul Hawkins (politician)">Paul Hawkins</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Fraser" title="Christopher Fraser">Christopher Fraser</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Gillian Patricia Watts</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1940-01-22</span>) </span>22 January 1940<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 84)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Cromer" title="Cromer">Cromer</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Thomas Shephard</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1975)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/St_Hilda%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Hilda's College, Oxford">St Hilda's College, Oxford</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">a. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_aaa"><b><a href="#ref_aaa">^</a></b></span> Shephard served as Education Secretary from 1994 to 1995. In July 1995, Shephard took over the duties of the former role of <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Employment" title="Secretary of State for Employment">Secretary of State for Employment</a>, held by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Portillo" title="Michael Portillo">Michael Portillo</a> until the role was abolished. Shephard then became Education and Employment Secretary.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gillian Patricia Shephard, Baroness Shephard of Northwold</b>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Lieutenant">DL</a></span></span> (<i>née</i> <b>Watts</b>; born 22 January 1940), is a British <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> politician who was the <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> (MP) for <a href="/wiki/South_West_Norfolk" class="mw-redirect" title="South West Norfolk">South West Norfolk</a> from 1987 to 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-gillian_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gillian-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shephard served as a Cabinet Minister, and is now Chairman of the Association of Conservative Peers. </p><p>Shephard is currently the chair of the Alumni Association of Oxford University. She was the chair of the Council of the Institute of Education until 2015 and deputy commissioner of the Social Mobility and Child Poverty Commission until 2017. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillian_Shephard&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The daughter of Reginald and Bertha Watts, she was born in <a href="/wiki/Cromer" title="Cromer">Cromer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a>, and spent her early years in Mundesley on Sea, her father being a haulier with a small garage. She was educated at <a href="/wiki/Paston_College#North_Walsham_High_School_for_Girls" title="Paston College">North Walsham Girls' High School</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Hilda%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Hilda's College, Oxford">St Hilda's College, Oxford</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-scars_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scars-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where she graduated with an <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts_(Oxford,_Cambridge_and_Dublin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin)">MA</a> in Modern Languages. </p><p>She became a schoolteacher and then worked as an Education Inspector for <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_County_Council" title="Norfolk County Council">Norfolk County Council</a> from 1963 to 1975. From 1975 to 1977 she worked for <a href="/wiki/Anglia_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglia Television">Anglia Television</a>. She was elected to Parliament in 1987, and became <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Private_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Private Secretary">Parliamentary Private Secretary</a> to <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lilley" title="Peter Lilley">Peter Lilley</a> in 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-gillian_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gillian-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Social_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Social Security">Department of Social Security</a> in 1989,<sup id="cite_ref-step_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-step-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then in 1990, Minister of State at <a href="/wiki/HM_Treasury" title="HM Treasury">HM Treasury</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-list_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1990, she was given the additional role of Deputy Chairman of the Party.<sup id="cite_ref-step_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-step-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillian_Shephard&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>She married Thomas Shephard on 27 December 1975. She has two stepsons, including econometrician <a href="/wiki/Neil_Shephard" title="Neil Shephard">Neil Shephard</a> FBA, Professor of Economics and Statistics at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ministerial_career">Ministerial career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillian_Shephard&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ministerial career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gillian_Shephard_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Gillian_Shephard_official_portrait.jpg/220px-Gillian_Shephard_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Gillian_Shephard_official_portrait.jpg/330px-Gillian_Shephard_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Gillian_Shephard_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>Official portrait, 1995</figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1992 United Kingdom general election">1992 general election</a>, she was appointed <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Employment" title="Secretary of State for Employment">Secretary of State for Employment</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-gillian_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gillian-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Agriculture,_Fisheries_and_Food" title="Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food">Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food</a> in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-step_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-step-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She moved to <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Education" title="Secretary of State for Education">Secretary of State for Education</a> in 1994, and stayed at the department when the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Employment" class="mw-redirect" title="Department for Employment">Department for Employment</a> merged into it in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-step_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-step-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She remained in this position until the <a href="/wiki/1997_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1997 United Kingdom general election">1997 general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-list_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shephard was one of two women promoted to John Major's Cabinet in 1992; the other was <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Bottomley" title="Virginia Bottomley">Virginia Bottomley</a>. The two believed the media was looking for stories of Ministerial "catfights" and made a pact to work together, despite differences in backgrounds and working styles. In an interview, Shephard said, "We said that we would never give anybody the chance to say that we were criticising the other. We would be supportive; end of. And we were."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shephard provided considerable information regarding her role as Secretary of State for Education in interviews conducted by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Sherratt_(educator)" title="Brian Sherratt (educator)">Brian Sherratt</a> in October 1994 and March 1996 for his book on the agenda for educational reform which the Conservative Party had developed since 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_opposition">In opposition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillian_Shephard&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In opposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the defeat of the Conservatives, <a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">William Hague</a> made her <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Shadow Leader of the House of Commons">Shadow Leader of the House of Commons</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_the_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Secretary of State for the Environment">Shadow Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-list_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She returned to the backbenches in 1999<sup id="cite_ref-rubbish_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubbish-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and stepped down from the House of Commons at the <a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2005 United Kingdom general election">2005 general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-list_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her memoirs <i>Shephard's Watch: Illusions of Power in British Politics</i> were published in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-rubbish_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubbish-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013 following the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Margaret_Thatcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Margaret Thatcher">death of Margaret Thatcher</a>, Shephard published a memoir, <i>The Real Iron Lady</i>, of her time working with the former prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-Shephard2013_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shephard2013-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_peerage">Life peerage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillian_Shephard&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Life peerage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 13 May 2005 it was announced that she would be created a <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-giant_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-giant-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on 21 June 2005 the peerage was created as <b>Baroness Shephard of Northwold</b>, of <a href="/wiki/Northwold" title="Northwold">Northwold</a> in the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Norfolk" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Norfolk">County of Norfolk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She is currently Chairman of the Association of Conservative Peers.<sup id="cite_ref-courtesy_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-courtesy-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was Deputy Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Mobility_and_Child_Poverty_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Mobility and Child Poverty Commission">Social Mobility and Child Poverty Commission</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until 2017, when she resigned in frustration with Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a>'s lack of action.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arms">Arms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillian_Shephard&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="max-width: 100%"> <caption class="nowrap">Coat of arms of Gillian Shephard </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 220px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronet_of_a_British_Baron.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Coronet_of_a_British_Baron.svg/120px-Coronet_of_a_British_Baron.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Coronet_of_a_British_Baron.svg/180px-Coronet_of_a_British_Baron.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Coronet_of_a_British_Baron.svg/240px-Coronet_of_a_British_Baron.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="179" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shephard_of_Northwold_Lozenge.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Shephard_of_Northwold_Lozenge.png/200px-Shephard_of_Northwold_Lozenge.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Shephard_of_Northwold_Lozenge.png/300px-Shephard_of_Northwold_Lozenge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Shephard_of_Northwold_Lozenge.png/400px-Shephard_of_Northwold_Lozenge.png 2x" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="513" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="min-width:175px;"> <dl><dt>Adopted</dt> <dd>2006</dd> <dt>Coronet</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Coronet" title="Coronet">Coronet of a Baroness</a></dd> <dt>Escutcheon</dt> <dd>Quarterly Azure and Or three pairs of ears of barley in pale each pair fesswise leaved and with slips inwards and conjoined all counterchanged.</dd> <dt>Supporters</dt> <dd>On either side a hare Azure gorged with a coronet attached thereto a chain reflexed over the back Or.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Motto</dt> <dd><b>SERVO ERGO SUM</b></dd> <dt>Symbolism</dt> <dd>These Armorial Bearings reflect rural Norfolk with blue for the Conservative party.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillian_Shephard&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>She was appointed as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council of the United Kingdom">Privy Council of the United Kingdom</a> in 1992, giving her the <a href="/wiki/Honorific" title="Honorific">Honorific Title</a> "<a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a>" and after <a href="/wiki/Ennoblement" title="Ennoblement">Ennoblement</a> the <a href="/wiki/List_of_post-nominal_letters_(United_Kingdom)" title="List of post-nominal letters (United Kingdom)">Post Nominal Letters</a> "PC" for life.</li> <li>She was appointed as a <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Lieutenant">Deputy Lieutenant</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_England" title="Counties of England">County</a> of <a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a> on 23 July 2003, giving her the post nominal letters "DL" for life.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 22 January 2015 She was moved to the Retired List upon reaching the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_retirement" title="Mandatory retirement">Mandatory retirement</a> age of 75.</li> <li>On 21 June 2005 she was awarded a <a href="/wiki/Life_Peerage" class="mw-redirect" title="Life Peerage">Life Peerage</a>. The peerage was created as Baroness Shephard of Northwold, of Northwold in the County of Norfolk. This entitled her to a seat in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> where she sits with the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> Benches.</li> <li>In 2009 she was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> by <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.</li> <li>She holds <a href="/wiki/Honorary_title_(academic)" title="Honorary title (academic)">Honorary Fellowships</a> from <a href="/wiki/St_Hilda%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Hilda's College, Oxford">St Hilda's College, Oxford</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_University_of_London" title="Queen Mary University of London">Queen Mary University of London</a> (2008),<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Veterinary_College" title="Royal Veterinary College">Royal Veterinary College</a>.</li> <li>In July 2018 she was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">Honorary degree</a> of <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Civil_Law" title="Doctor of Civil Law">Doctor of Civil Law</a> (DCL) from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_East_Anglia" title="University of East Anglia">University of East Anglia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillian_Shephard&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gillian-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gillian_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gillian_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gillian_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/2122617.stm">"Gillian Shephard"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a></i>. 17 October 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Online&rft.atitle=Gillian+Shephard&rft.date=2002-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F2122617.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGillian+Shephard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scars-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-scars_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=90634&sectioncode=26">"Shephard's scars"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education" title="Times Higher Education">Times Higher Education</a></i>. 20 September 1996<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=Shephard%27s+scars&rft.date=1996-09-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.co.uk%2Fstory.asp%3FstoryCode%3D90634%26sectioncode%3D26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGillian+Shephard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-step-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-step_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-step_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-step_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-step_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3664496.stm">"Shephard plans to step down as MP"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a></i>. 17 September 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Online&rft.atitle=Shephard+plans+to+step+down+as+MP&rft.date=2004-09-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F3664496.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGillian+Shephard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-list-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-list_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-list_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-list_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-list_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4544507.stm">"Full list of new life peers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a></i>. 13 May 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Online&rft.atitle=Full+list+of+new+life+peers&rft.date=2005-05-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F4544507.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGillian+Shephard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReeves,_Rachel,_1979-2019" class="citation book cs1">Reeves, Rachel, 1979- (7 March 2019). <i>Women of Westminster : the MPs who changed politics</i>. London. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78831-677-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78831-677-4"><bdi>978-1-78831-677-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1084655208">1084655208</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+of+Westminster+%3A+the+MPs+who+changed+politics&rft.place=London&rft.date=2019-03-07&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1084655208&rft.isbn=978-1-78831-677-4&rft.au=Reeves%2C+Rachel%2C+1979-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGillian+Shephard" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Radical Educational Policies and Conservative Secretaries of State</i>, Ribbins, P and Sherratt, B, Cassell, 1997, pp. 200-225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rubbish-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rubbish_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rubbish_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/hague-was-wrong-to-rubbish-old-guard-says-major-loyalist-707209.html">"Hague was wrong to rubbish old guard, says Major loyalist"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. 25 July 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Hague+was+wrong+to+rubbish+old+guard%2C+says+Major+loyalist&rft.date=2000-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fhague-was-wrong-to-rubbish-old-guard-says-major-loyalist-707209.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGillian+Shephard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shephard2013-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shephard2013_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillian_Shephard2013" class="citation book cs1">Gillian Shephard (18 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BQOuAwAAQBAJ"><i>The Real Iron Lady: Working with Margaret Thatcher</i></a>. Biteback Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84954-562-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84954-562-4"><bdi>978-1-84954-562-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Real+Iron+Lady%3A+Working+with+Margaret+Thatcher&rft.pub=Biteback+Publishing&rft.date=2013-03-18&rft.isbn=978-1-84954-562-4&rft.au=Gillian+Shephard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBQOuAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGillian+Shephard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-giant-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-giant_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121112162852/http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/s/158/158653_new_peers_make_labour_giant_in_lords.html">"New peers make Labour giant in Lords"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Evening_News" title="Manchester Evening News">Manchester Evening News</a></i>. 13 May 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/s/158/158653_new_peers_make_labour_giant_in_lords.html">the original</a> on 12 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qmul.ac.uk/alumni/notablealumni/fellows/#s">the original</a> on 31 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Queen+Mary+University+of+London&rft.atitle=Fellows&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.qmul.ac.uk%2Falumni%2Fnotablealumni%2Ffellows%2F%23s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGillian+Shephard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itv.com/news/anglia/update/2018-07-16/honorary-degrees-to-be-given-to-three-former-cabinet-ministers/">"Honorary degrees to be given to three former cabinet ministers"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Honorary+degrees+to+be+given+to+three+former+cabinet+ministers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itv.com%2Fnews%2Fanglia%2Fupdate%2F2018-07-16%2Fhonorary-degrees-to-be-given-to-three-former-cabinet-ministers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGillian+Shephard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uea.ac.uk/web/about/alumni-and-supporters/graduation/honorary-graduates/-/categories/3687532">"Honorary Graduates of UEA 2018"</a>. <i>The University of East Anglia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Hawkins</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/South_West_Norfolk" class="mw-redirect" title="South West Norfolk">South West Norfolk</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1987 United Kingdom general election">1987</a>–<a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2005 United Kingdom general election">2005</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Fraser" title="Christopher Fraser">Christopher Fraser</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Howard" title="Michael Howard">Michael Howard</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Employment" title="Secretary of State for Employment">Secretary of State for Employment</a> </b><br />1992–1993 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_Hunt,_Baron_Hunt_of_Wirral" title="David Hunt, Baron Hunt of Wirral">David Hunt</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Gummer" title="John Gummer">John Gummer</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Agriculture,_Fisheries_and_Food" title="Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food">Minister of State for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food</a> </b><br />1993–1994 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Waldegrave,_Baron_Waldegrave_of_North_Hill" title="William Waldegrave, Baron Waldegrave of North Hill">William Waldegrave</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Patten,_Baron_Patten" title="John Patten, Baron Patten">John Patten</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Education" title="Secretary of State for Education">Secretary of State for Education</a> </b><br />1994–1995 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Herself<br /><span class="nowrap"><i>as Secretary of State for Education and Employment</i></span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Herself</div><i><b>as Secretary of State for Education </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b> Secretary of State for <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Education" title="Secretary of State for Education">Education</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Employment" title="Secretary of State for Employment">Employment</a> </b><br />1995–1997 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_Blunkett" title="David Blunkett">David Blunkett</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Portillo" title="Michael Portillo">Michael Portillo</a></div><i><b>as Secretary of State for Employment </b></i> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_Blunkett" title="David Blunkett">David Blunkett</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Shadow Secretary of State for <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Education" title="Shadow Secretary of State for Education">Education</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Employment" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Secretary of State for Employment">Employment</a> </b><br />1997 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Dorrell" title="Stephen Dorrell">Stephen Dorrell</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alastair_Goodlad" title="Alastair Goodlad">Alastair Goodlad</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Shadow Leader of the House of Commons">Shadow Leader of the House of Commons</a> </b><br />1997–1998 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Young,_6th_Baronet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir George Young, 6th Baronet">George Young</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Heseltine" title="Michael Heseltine">Michael Heseltine</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster">Shadow Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</a> </b><br />1997–1998 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Fowler" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Fowler">Norman Fowler</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Shadow Secretary of State for the <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Environment,_Food_and_Rural_Affairs" title="Shadow Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs">Environment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Transport" title="Shadow Secretary of State for Transport">Transport</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Communities_and_Local_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government">Regions</a> </b><br />1998–1999 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Redwood" title="John Redwood">John Redwood</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Secretaries_of_State_for_Education" title="Template:Secretaries of State for Education"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Secretaries_of_State_for_Education" title="Template talk:Secretaries of State for Education"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Secretaries_of_State_for_Education" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Secretaries of State for Education"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Education_secretaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Education" title="Secretary of State for Education">Education secretaries of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Education" title="Department for Education">Department for Education</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents of the Board of Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Cavendish,_8th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire">Devonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Vane-Tempest-Stewart,_6th_Marquess_of_Londonderry" title="Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess of Londonderry">Londonderry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Birrell" title="Augustine Birrell">Birrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_McKenna" title="Reginald McKenna">McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Runciman,_1st_Viscount_Runciman_of_Doxford" title="Walter Runciman, 1st Viscount Runciman of Doxford">Runciman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Pease,_1st_Baron_Gainford" title="Jack Pease, 1st Baron Gainford">Pease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Crewe-Milnes,_1st_Marquess_of_Crewe" title="Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe">Crewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._A._L._Fisher" title="H. A. L. Fisher">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Trevelyan,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Charles Trevelyan, 3rd Baronet">Trevelyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_Percy,_1st_Baron_Percy_of_Newcastle" title="Eustace Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Newcastle">Percy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Trevelyan,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Charles Trevelyan, 3rd Baronet">Trevelyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Lees-Smith" title="Hastings Lees-Smith">Lees-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Maclean_(British_politician)" title="Donald Maclean (British politician)">Maclean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stanley" title="Oliver Stanley">Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stanhope,_7th_Earl_Stanhope" title="James Stanhope, 7th Earl Stanhope">Stanhope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbrand_Sackville,_9th_Earl_De_La_Warr" title="Herbrand Sackville, 9th Earl De La Warr">De La Warr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herwald_Ramsbotham,_1st_Viscount_Soulbury" title="Herwald Ramsbotham, 1st Viscount Soulbury">Soulbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Butler</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_lesser_arms).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1366" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Education (United Kingdom)">Ministers of education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Law,_1st_Baron_Coleraine" title="Richard Law, 1st Baron Coleraine">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Wilkinson" title="Ellen Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tomlinson_(British_politician)" title="George Tomlinson (British politician)">Tomlinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Horsbrugh,_Baroness_Horsbrugh" title="Florence Horsbrugh, Baroness Horsbrugh">Horsbrugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Eccles,_1st_Viscount_Eccles" title="David Eccles, 1st Viscount Eccles">Eccles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintin_Hogg,_Baron_Hailsham_of_St_Marylebone" title="Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone">Hailsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Lloyd,_Baron_Geoffrey-Lloyd" title="Geoffrey Lloyd, Baron Geoffrey-Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Eccles,_1st_Viscount_Eccles" title="David Eccles, 1st Viscount Eccles">Eccles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Boyle,_Baron_Boyle_of_Handsworth" title="Edward Boyle, Baron Boyle of Handsworth">Boyle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretaries of state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education and science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quintin_Hogg,_Baron_Hailsham_of_St_Marylebone" title="Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone">Hogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stewart,_Baron_Stewart_of_Fulham" title="Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Crosland" title="Anthony Crosland">Crosland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Gordon_Walker" title="Patrick Gordon Walker">Gordon Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Short,_Baron_Glenamara" title="Edward Short, Baron Glenamara">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reg_Prentice" title="Reg Prentice">Prentice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Mulley" title="Fred Mulley">Mulley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Williams" title="Shirley Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Carlisle" title="Mark Carlisle">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Joseph" title="Keith Joseph">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Baker,_Baron_Baker_of_Dorking" title="Kenneth Baker, Baron Baker of Dorking">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_MacGregor,_Baron_MacGregor_of_Pulham_Market" title="John MacGregor, Baron MacGregor of Pulham Market">MacGregor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke" title="Kenneth Clarke">Clarke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Patten,_Baron_Patten" title="John Patten, Baron Patten">Patten</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shephard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education and employment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shephard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Blunkett" title="David Blunkett">Blunkett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education and skills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estelle_Morris" title="Estelle Morris">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Clarke" title="Charles Clarke">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Kelly" title="Ruth Kelly">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Johnson" title="Alan Johnson">Johnson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Children, schools and families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Balls" title="Ed Balls">Balls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Innovation, universities and skills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Denham_(politician)" title="John Denham (politician)">Denham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gove" title="Michael Gove">Gove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Morgan" title="Nicky Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justine_Greening" title="Justine Greening">Greening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damian_Hinds" title="Damian Hinds">Hinds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Williamson" title="Gavin Williamson">Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadhim_Zahawi" title="Nadhim Zahawi">Zahawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Donelan" title="Michelle Donelan">Donelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cleverly" title="James Cleverly">Cleverly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_Malthouse" title="Kit Malthouse">Malthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillian_Keegan" title="Gillian Keegan">Keegan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_Cabinet" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_Ministry" title="Template:Major Ministry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_Ministry" title="Template talk:Major Ministry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_Ministry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major Ministry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_Cabinet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_John_Major" title="Premiership of John Major">Major Cabinet</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Cabinet Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Aitken" title="Jonathan Aitken">Jonathan Aitken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Baker,_Baron_Baker_of_Dorking" title="Kenneth Baker, Baron Baker of Dorking">Kenneth Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Bottomley" title="Virginia Bottomley">Virginia Bottomley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Brooke,_Baron_Brooke_of_Sutton_Mandeville" title="Peter Brooke, Baron Brooke of Sutton Mandeville">Peter Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke" title="Kenneth Clarke">Kenneth Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_7th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury">Viscount Cranborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Dorrell" title="Stephen Dorrell">Stephen Dorrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Forsyth,_Baron_Forsyth_of_Drumlean" title="Michael Forsyth, Baron Forsyth of Drumlean">Michael Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Freeman,_Baron_Freeman" title="Roger Freeman, Baron Freeman">Roger Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gummer" title="John Gummer">John Gummer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">William Hague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hanley" title="Jeremy Hanley">Jeremy Hanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Heseltine" title="Michael Heseltine">Michael Heseltine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hogg" title="Douglas Hogg">Douglas Hogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Howard" title="Michael Howard">Michael Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hunt,_Baron_Hunt_of_Wirral" title="David Hunt, Baron Hunt of Wirral">David Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hurd" title="Douglas Hurd">Douglas Hurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_King,_Baron_King_of_Bridgwater" title="Tom King, Baron King of Bridgwater">Tom King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lamont" title="Norman Lamont">Norman Lamont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Lang,_Baron_Lang_of_Monkton" title="Ian Lang, Baron Lang of Monkton">Ian Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lilley" title="Peter Lilley">Peter Lilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_MacGregor,_Baron_MacGregor_of_Pulham_Market" title="John MacGregor, Baron MacGregor of Pulham Market">John MacGregor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mackay,_Baron_Mackay_of_Clashfern" title="James Mackay, Baron Mackay of Clashfern">Lord Mackay</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Mawhinney" title="Brian Mawhinney">Brian Mawhinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Mayhew" title="Patrick Mayhew">Patrick Mayhew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mellor" title="David Mellor">David Mellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Newton,_Baron_Newton_of_Braintree" title="Tony Newton, Baron Newton of Braintree">Tony Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Patten" title="Chris Patten">Chris Patten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Patten,_Baron_Patten" title="John Patten, Baron Patten">John Patten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Portillo" title="Michael Portillo">Michael Portillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Redwood" title="John Redwood">John Redwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Rifkind" title="Malcolm Rifkind">Malcolm Rifkind</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gillian Shephard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Waddington" title="David Waddington">Lord Waddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wakeham" title="John Wakeham">Lord Wakeham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Waldegrave,_Baron_Waldegrave_of_North_Hill" title="William Waldegrave, Baron Waldegrave of North Hill">William Waldegrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Young,_Baron_Young_of_Cookham" title="George Young, Baron Young of Cookham">George Young</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(HM_Government)_(St_Edwards_Crown).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Government Coat of Arms." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/100px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/150px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/200px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1256" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Also attended meetings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Fowler,_Baron_Fowler" title="Norman Fowler, Baron Fowler">Norman Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alastair_Goodlad" title="Alastair Goodlad">Alastair Goodlad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ryder,_Baron_Ryder_of_Wensum" title="Richard Ryder, Baron Ryder of Wensum">Richard Ryder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333058#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333058#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333058#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000071475207">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/45228638">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1732941/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdGFVjXKhJFtGqc7xhbVC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124177875">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no00095133">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987012502468005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/F6lBvlXV">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/168963124">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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