CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "dl.acm.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e724e057e059e2c',cH: 'ujBzNQSWHNQLZa4F65I6lEDpRsqiPyV8qmE1EgrHsEY-1732376919-1.2.1.1-BjwniX.1WehYbqwJwmDP_J49SxkMQ0w6.sQaF0rjo7LC3IGVmbZAHLfG6_fwqWAc',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/10.1145\/3593013.3594076?__cf_chl_tk=Mo3I6m96ALnQNYbYKrPruGs3kEpDKuyIWRxqYbLjxp4-1732376919-1.0.1.1-2mcCVVmgS0iEV3GnbMEZi0zaJhbZeQ48tg5Shx.SAqM",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1732376919',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/10.1145\/3593013.3594076?__cf_chl_f_tk=Mo3I6m96ALnQNYbYKrPruGs3kEpDKuyIWRxqYbLjxp4-1732376919-1.0.1.1-2mcCVVmgS0iEV3GnbMEZi0zaJhbZeQ48tg5Shx.SAqM",md: "jGI6BPZhoVi9PKIp7jOi.GLBOdyyXNVhP.ycgwcOuQo-1732376919-1.2.1.1-OeUJYzc1eMkQe.SnRk4IxnjQlZJnryOUskktX1wjw21JjFeqzimLaLXoV8.s2aQEUpUWUswrBxQ9DLzFSC.oGP60CP4GAk_a3KwjiJyCX7DgukOLmkjWFGbZiC6pquNzgycT5Vrux473kmySE4qPc1AyTdhePUYjcQ6FOV83D9WlZBP7HeVZOJMrC.qmjhI79v4AYa2wWu2miftzmdBhyyIacV4urMmHMwOf5CC17nbMuSG3VoWJNiyfKO86EyzrUI7rG.lCMMcuUOGUZt_Cm72wMWKR4vEZSmHnMl328Ff8dYzoSuUt6lgin0qzZN0Wcn7CWbIgjpq1.tr2PX4LoO.mn15_wQMXPc7vsBsom_K4.PSRUzL.I.9FllD7k2C68rjCO2f45cVqE2km5MxR8fnOp7piaW6UCSejhh06BI22_u2_kcipxeBZn92.3bybzJyT_NiPxNEJld58XDcHWR64Mx6Sfym3m2uDwa40o4dVmvmfDzV.aSWg3SOapfP_cqszYi8TZmAkmnXPMgMxudkYHGi1g9yB6E_ef6Ud4TLkVz4L3ZaxSvUGPAb05YSKMqNiAZ5gMv97WMBflpOW5OgW8RqVikUR4ZKY5f5MWt1srwT8_g8ciw05FJLo0zcMrPpvIShSESXkfGuRIJQBok_M8c9fBZAj3ZGN1u9c0ZLdDCsKMz2oplAP.X6cXxWnb6dpizEtof8gjiUeYsoKv3nnC.AQCrH54wZF9w94kfP0r7c.N_yHgrLFuaA2q4zzY3j__ZR2Vx52Ewi6UUxca1vd7_HsPHTXQHLOVq8zo0hDRZamsiWKQF7kJ_id1bFNiTEMvcCmGWOVaQzDkFh0OZ.QFewZmuQbUrFddW7FZ2eGrwVtFqv9d9B0I5iLjh6Ioym1uryCBB5r8S0EAQni5esrK4k3oMAvmOMTr8JTrYqYd_6n0s83kea9wGm983bSL.xhCluydQ7EtUDcyiuNX.MlA4sQJEUKEAQeq9H9bcncTi_K9m.F34mKeni5aSw_pXj.GEjdcmDd5qHkA9Kx18DUXjgldASMKrw3VszKTxhlPHA6zQzPmRsPtq5SPzeGAvgku5lMzs3OEnatFjSzR1Ht0igJBnOXwBR6BiRR62mK6a9umVEOCKPaOKQmX36JC6jBdy8AJSVvj9kM2cK4_gpXU1wJyhq1FP5YUh4F.5a4wu3390ykPIka6UZp9VZZkIhDtECAF1bJUGYGcD.xv09vaggFuYYG9MzQl2L.zQ14BeWNaMMZxahgEWzr516nKF8rv5BgOje25YNUgIXxzajOnyp87iKx1bwtXbZKyVxOP0vXvnCi78DCNPgrvlealj1Zi76C002UkqaXpcuV3fyHc9.2JJoR1Dt4kY.LJPDKDX1UaA6tKqFCh5y0DPRKi84b05LEmfguHjyzy9i0qf6UX9z67jnYmyYgvPDiLtDbmbl2q9WfY_IxOUHv_oFyNSUBSlh5ldv5S_ZZrGX7QkBHqsEZ5hbZwSkHQY3yMehl8kzSddiLfuqdFMPhTojWR2omvOiuTa4urE1gws3.oDXT2wIVdgKFSK_6uM46kV8kNxhMvLiSr8USkDJttiXa5kBGdMWpgwiL04ZJylQ_cdmY41u9cwj9Wpj.UjrONvpg6H2b4fG9TeZ6oJGBALNP_1lJeqYqr74Qs6zsRCX9qxsxy.mmxkfnuVXR20EuWOFsd9eDvuRJ8LrGag15h__TW4LwYCU3IftLcCoLBQpOP.qU8BHvqoo3lSyBs9Gsbg4DrrrWsxPDPyPwcxHOhGQR49FnqIXKJSaObE0mc4yQP9voJoIgfsr.LZMtPl_hBkPaRTgYRGXQ_a9RwzgGntkF_JXc.G2LMYCjc.yt0shAEzoYrY4RWMrXVnnWJAj70KiXRMQnlTSqPMw473_fR0zvdFCPiKvAw0328EVGrZvEVP49.57yWvJKMCZsfAuUE9X9QnU3CLRbShAHYz3Ro3QI30dKLXfHZatJSzZhKfBwNXcXLQIEhrtQcjBMpsCmBCUZ84PefimJxJr8dBJt4JTUMsJBRU3c0C6bcPVh6VmGkaG0zzLTRRYloikrPfcpU.R9TeoVkIS.USSPpB_UMOEZ_TwEAcSVJLumGjUjBS6kpcvrgZVgzcI0HEKAqSTpGdOvjIPZ9SWxzwX.atKxeZb0mrMc1bict.8prQJzfPic.kABzIru_andhgEFDU5we1u._G0y8i2fM6vkRXOWRBx47lmmZGFL3u2uDI9v7qfKEa9A4ks_e.0sSddf55VxElrsmiekH1yx2CTSm4VXH7Mj2.dnjwwahwYtcBCL1LBTvLeiuv.SXKKPEvU3A7scpf.T5CTp4tf4GrEP36l9iUHJjK7sJIVq0ShmlWcAXnkE.39g9s5majrxO0D9ZukLLTfT53MvjxcqvvocLPTP79l3E3kRfKmA.ZEvQd6e80gkv2sdi7HHvcPymuXEoJwW.2gVjVtaf402uKl.uF54TjwME9d7GnSG0d_AL_NbrbEOKWbHYl2T8zQgfwSbx_okAMTOLbY8Ar7SPea8lZUXHgqevWfZWS86pFCMOKzyjF5D_kkwXVhr.VoEVQcRECU7I.XZbDvzPq63CLQp5Qgqi6gbn4.UIC3Sngcyz1LZAdTWEK6ahrFkfQqw5csbTJ2qsEHgJ0MrOhaUcW3K.hVg9P2JWFV2_lpIVJSxTDBU86RpK2X0LsepWu_rjzbpkqEdPC2A4kRFY1RJJKjczbi1Xl6m3qJMaTJ0WYbGq7dDs0QS.EdPptKIjPSkALylZ2wo3Dh_Tk_e900a5RdwbcOZS93S3_ehmA4atSmvneKgMWhdUktDO9witk_98iGOjz6L7fhCbW_NzkZ2cwCP5kf5sogh1K8VhzdHIEf7K1GP_1Lu2LkM60psLrzpZzktZFxEnOT3n908Ogmu8nGEv0znPSIC2y_hHYUp1m1slz48HARbr7hdwUalgBavpXJNJ53QPdlNf5qg4hDD63vdevAnll89",mdrd: "hrHHvwtvO04.632Gq5GLv1WfI2QABq3aDBZYW.CwMp8-1732376919-1.2.1.1-ec74Y_149MB1V.02TrcXOFy6jHQAVhfpMbxJRQ.p9Q12QdYbiHdAeqp5JkTMBOQPeSGImc66uk2HWfwC_Ty5305uLFON4e5NE7GYdVHNWyeZ5aV_g1FXM5LGTK1yZ6b0jYGcqCBA0uy41M1PDdxXtPp1dgobqHAO.mR9fZM66wyHTtdLhB641dzNoKOFtXpzQFfJrJtut1j4LBeeY555_oHuvkYQnKc.EWr8.wARJHwxcw4qj3i5S.2cYH5Y.dAEequ_3jXtU40xBjJSIhREqXWCLTSrLwbL25mU538ro9oqNOUGbLoz2lF..c1p_SG5gsJcf9COD6AVOE7gLr3STqQjKPdVqeej30m.ljU8BZO711nIphTKjpRq0J_m_EYu.mRcgYc0CAvTum9IxWuolS0e3Wpcp674BGEIq0DTze8Pw7_6v_xyuUubQ4QlZDZt7yzx2WUcGFwUcVRifqkwkzZUXCv.b8abfBWquBwuy_4mHyb55WB.z6YAxcuuHbB7Mh0f63hx4ykWEl_TAEv5Bm3C1DiOoonGMhYC2pstAOeHiqZF81DabMupz7PRiL6DseeHbUUsRfdERQr.1RCyQCGJpjlM9iItnErVYn99rUuJJkuHDd_4NYsE1WHL8O_42zNa6BqSB0N6B2r35cKpBlTejwOh_jLvCulNJJK1KxpLsU57L37KucuRG.MZEwk_9ITzu8bU0T9PLDaP4mVAq6WULxbJ3oG.an9IseTHMfGIjT9rQGWpYrlO_FgxGam6Dn1WNSNLdgcaAFHkCyWIlA95kxN0btd5iQz1gchFVdWoEGW6OuJs0FnTxEzNsJJi1DFyUKikjc51YHBPSEA82ktv9gb9ZLv1Yk55drfgs9H8wXCXayW30h9DgLP8zVnZ5Tesyabz0z_99d.DKYcu3btGK5KKhsPEIsAbA75WJHcETVP.ltGkaBt56K8WSoZgufFol7XduQybQO9BZIHX3f2MeXY3HoCb0k3wChRDUfTCv7lXPWYFmmAjbVF25qbP9wonRvutG5YhLsaaH1MjafsYNOY5Xs2yW6bnwx22wjpN_devgRZC..ZKwY2Go50ZSpj7ZEj.dugEjcFWH87II10LZoCOAMAjdBhiAcz_XtxkG_m8kxCqZIQ43IAkZsj6CQreeMQVKaznllIpfkRvH9rSCabC4Vm9K_FGRkzvRLFVn4pgNYbmRjjD_xpHDHNS9hThnXS_sJv0gnrQRKGSVcmM4ZBa8_TVJ7UGLVXN5uMnrLD_kqXpPvBz5TbnxMQtDxf0gIkHiyt5_xQqGC4Z0PnYyHLYLFPreMkRhevkcsTU4XR1HE2SasEV6Geiv_3GhI6LRxA0q1dFp7xNYwrbCDsov5BqMWwrhp44TeII1Ex82u3Jx3WUqQnJY356G2OiPuU0eCRkwPFBhVRVgVL8iide4J9nRLZBzOl_cZ9V7I5Er7uo4aAkYJSw4e3YDjW9h9yWhJOmeDOPnFUqzSfCxEt55d0pBps1VfO1gaB0CMmjte7.3KD1KUXPzuvl2VbZ..6RlTycbxX3fVHt0AepyIrKEd3mIFiPCl55wT3uJCDrKKT_W3eu6zQlr_RANkTOyeJhDl5CTE8GW68wUs.LhlPL85WlqkYRITYTadgMP4xcfbBYMyxlMMvPr9VOoPB1WMeLpIPTdJDdFsX5WSmVWu2eFnEFg9i5lC8_XIQMAEnwPkPwmqJHlS9q2LGEDGqo6C8h6BB3vdPj_kbWHj50u8Xra36r5RnqveHdaMON5A3OPw_Z7lkDPBmpqya8xkWksMW5Rzhwbp5mxVKl6v0Pygr7S9WuPWoV3DnSXii6C19Otzp2KqdASOYLeZYR_39PoyeCQGnC2._KH9T0BVzI5f6icwhPk2jdlXgLdMLlQW7.1eF0UNBvet92nyyEMfAbUjhvgRpcvKYF8OymcXMhaBYkAQaCLq9QHlf_kWwbosvNou4xK_4SWDDUzqwAHpkg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e724e057e059e2c';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/10.1145\/3593013.3594076?__cf_chl_rt_tk=Mo3I6m96ALnQNYbYKrPruGs3kEpDKuyIWRxqYbLjxp4-1732376919-1.0.1.1-2mcCVVmgS0iEV3GnbMEZi0zaJhbZeQ48tg5Shx.SAqM" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>