CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134bb96396efd96',cH: 'R_ZwGRBAdidrr7PwVs21nV8DjvITvx.ngvtaqCLZYvQ-1739784354-1.2.1.1-tLtW8MJbVC.spodQv3Hp_dJu4jnK3bnOCth7EELL1.Ll7_ewl6tcHYINQ7o.e2m8',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=cone%20frustum&__cf_chl_tk=.ieiCuDcPz7MlYAHgF67JQkd9VrlNx6Sq6UT4qlgGd4-1739784354-1.0.1.1-IPqu7v3v7_XnSq9sSmuc3e7T7svVsCvPXgaqmH.sTG4",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739784354',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=cone%20frustum&__cf_chl_f_tk=.ieiCuDcPz7MlYAHgF67JQkd9VrlNx6Sq6UT4qlgGd4-1739784354-1.0.1.1-IPqu7v3v7_XnSq9sSmuc3e7T7svVsCvPXgaqmH.sTG4",md: "x3eKMnuPs3yYBGJNr.sJ8mCevolJfIE6pwKzkcb.Hag-1739784354-1.2.1.1-YOEGJKgVa9Y9izLs4SYvxRUOW0AHN_qDQ0Q5iUMlM3O7gTRQn9jzG2IaVHD0OvU_D_y0onTbLq8U47aZKNEEzWabMpirKYc3.ArFI4fdJosfiMeQwriocpIUqetFaHT2qcjBPwDUj1EeCiepPQzVn_Dq5rUrGB_W0z5z_iJ2z3.hNf0mknwGSAuUtT7T_ikd4f0Q4CqmqipyUFHSbG1sQEiiaKvUBX9l9bcjicgTdps3x2anSRQdrBE.JWBQuELmyK7fw4gsfJGpjchFoQKlYSAhMYUO7AN.0TApB18lt8C3CimCdS2cuqwnvly5ajQJBuRObvwJ6QWHMwgn1mFwWe89qU9o_i1Nn9zrBKeotQi2WQ5trfdXwzIOlpv.LdV1rOi7UDQcd86VqNC1iO16lWz2Z2ZKRnO73XYqLnAB1grKv9L6du5Ms1KNDcQfdj6EVzF.sTGC1p6qOId3PtCTVWjuCOct.bHlb8lxkiCqhYntU_RPSUmmTfO29X3BrV2.41Sqgo1t296sICrSszZt6a6bYfuR7WB5QDycPgfbZWJLxKGSHyY_uLbSXYuNHy_dKeKc5ryX8gqLg0u7ZuzBVEkUwK.aS7B_t9yPhMC4bzTO8wTs4Uaq_4_aAmhqa60UW2GX8eH61MPJYBH4MPSeeRIUtW4HUwn.mj3ksR5Y6MXjk_laLYthP9K5z4rDih5NEHMNK7hbhlkL962DyrsSLLHSPobBXW6AndVaWxnV60aq9VI5E_c9XhiLBSEzpzJvTSy683oohbwWJstm59a96s1OzAZB1WOw7ow8ajHU0qxYUm_VV7.EUagVtlP7mdO5_OnaDrJMqGGuhvT_1EJyfT5aS7P5BsRQ1PGuBIDhdDsu7EjzGXqYKh4XCeQA.tKui3MVhjWhTu5uTe5ZhWULmSR7isRwGSyiK1S7kS7alrVuES7KiihEUWrcM565yYz.Xe4413ZW90osrV3.YoMrSqxBfI973ZZWCQnJ.Wtsa14Mz_ax6qmrwyC.t.tsLLbOWvqiacqK1Inhfx6VwIdfKBsRtcjPRPhi6TKVDnHImV80SGpnFveVRDclkL9oRmTHm4ZrL8lYylOtSTM2CpoonAFGsFSqYnvoCYpE4Ek1.fuVtTQ5Gw0FuvNZkATyMB48RKfl5VkkQoG0nak6dYMN5C8perbAiS6Kw0giqAxJ9SdX8yffIUzUfZ9Cr2Atl5SfqSucJEak7NzpWXcTHwbMxNVB_FSbswPTRDIsmIZ3peLHj57_NflPN.7cZagBAcqbj76Y6Cf6IV8xtHyEGy.Ox9vY4FWjuQRt9BuCNv8DUSsxGDxAcuiAg0s6SuMHKiI1yOSG8ip8lVhJH1Do5clXXDF8t_gDww7keUoD0jtyYsrB_D4ICCt9Y0p5UCr2LM_Vv55SwHaqsUzzBx_waMp5qzWIr76N519ET4J1tFL9E40c6dmuaIUlK1jRizi5U1Ycnk8uAEO6ytLv8WGoG0I_JqXrMTrLIRCDeuviAevU2Gauo_0dq1m5aEjseewYtS1vN1pP08_gWcRENchAMLoqJxEhboRz9KUflZTSVNUmvZa.D0sg1DALQtp34RXj32AOr_alYf6lm6.OA22NBt7sMVvPwPa.sCYBziC0f3gtSgcYZp9IWT9dwtaEInaxmQH5.Cc2SLrOpkGhWVuIeyxOpqBk7fyJJ364UlBEKY0efTSMZ.kTtXVvs0fLSCNU.YrdgZPIhtZxz6FphUs4U7uov7yADX3FF2Ob1UpniiJDfpGdEz774LyL_8M1nNBSsQRWl1T647MpVfdMZS5L4VMQToqz3fN4jhdDj5j0HKln7lnj5GQlMtAp2UPrYVij2psxR1.dcF8jVIn0RhyvADYu7cucemYgtid9RNp39eJP1DAt01N67bzIb44dChAJHQATFQinJcZe.W64KJY9d_PdejZgqdylaJGwlrZwcAQUI2o",mdrd: "_z7t2s0NGi7SolISgA9Vts3S_4BC2Jtpg1TYW1lU.EY-1739784354-1.2.1.1-NTg6JnuI53wHqkytUnGbpjnzLLys8YFKKuq4g_2dZDqiBDAqhvUCrSCMy2HlN12Bmlkt7cdiAAXA4ndvzqKNzdxXKzRIcGfm29tTxcyJk7SsukSV.4oPvEoXF_d6mrdtCBXZGLvezL8a2Qtc38r6EguUscOJ62XvhyLIEgCC1IhIS4jVSzqX0pS5iajN_eI9Qt4QxGCtsi0UwOCi6YSY_5vqYs.2e7BswIiE5CVcs9PLtAwJK_T48EzIiCEecfcL_QpZzk742CZAZsXAGpy0AjQVJ9xndInCnMojbX4jSY3xgTV6aTQstpKe0uWUC4fkQ7FDX8J_CwPF.yEuu5JP_itbBgbXINaazWneIj15YCUgSWCJruwfd8WauWN070QfjbsJ2NnkT0C72PzM1SjPbiG6NqU24QxGBu30EAYg9s1KJHzk9ttuuDaMrqCQjRfV2cI9AyXM8_vAoVIKMhblP3AwRRxtYInyj9IC6Mj0o_5VCRxFQf_.V3owt.vgxWC8gMMfPHAgKQ99j3jANTqmdft4hhI_l3zp3fUGbMQk1nhTrA6N2SrgEmr1VEC1rc4MhsERu6O1wpXY8cFG5aYmtp4v121qovRogBENpDGOV5gl6NlBY0FqpATXwx.I_miQV9csYEszsPMPIeg9DYPYESeZXZ9O_YVG1plmwykx889.NQwxvdsDJg99y1BnJb2oG5Q8z3aWAIkWRmXsoKJiTC260h6BL8ruW6Y.UNYiAmMevgO4LK6OJ12.U_m1e0j9OUJE2pKBzSNJfnDt7qVUuwLBiQv140j1qlxuihCiR8ZTBHbMlH.gk5d1scCCBgoDD_cCjYWoDe__NL8lg5JNx4ENyFqs9kO4GUHIJwA.S6QtO.9Xes6CyiV4OY_YNnlyesjvX_giWESBb9RIzJm9kXeSyLHOFi4oGQXlSToujkqO.xEgiwwdPsMwU09PUxtGUyNg_dbJ6r72nTK7PvHU348VTjq03lzVnmVsOx7OiQQIbkwlz9b1By0y93SIohXMSjsb1Nsozhvayg_RpzQm_4CyVx12Q5gu8f0Y0hQ18C2qnEAXBuWf7kGOqnUiIf6fNeCQJ3b39fZsOkbHdADFR7TLr6qUyDDyVukBCURQHzkbMfolPf7TYUzcFHTF7lofpl0ZJQ3LSYv_0z2gHe8I3Cv3sdSBGDiE_nYpWAUKl3s21uTn4VEURTiK0.GuympLVIIByYPMDiOD_dZLbdqnPaXZ6bpFqf8yBqXFgpwn8XRRXpjgnAc7VlPlqv3KTS0vhsCdqvYd1HA.p5yGJbDH3fKfbB0u3pHOqzk5hXsHHUufS9SGxzSypHufS_h8EXW7WEofwcIDjUQE4EJFUrfdR7VxmRNmqg9XHSXLMYXYEMiuIrg_b0tk0neq0HTeIDJxUyEJyHNMDrGv2Ubv.hBVVa7JZxSA4VKtGnOErPW3XCiEmoC61n7D2gFHvyeaJjQjToA3alLRWqvhu4EYzZn.W6MqfYvuYXGcyK_66U0_y3f.KJfvYagiqrv6dMuCCPhz6kIpMD81EhQGHO_uAgxjWwczJ01Lj.eYbtI_b3GYXLXy4TAyhspYncoN2pXD_pzxYBIVXZLCJHThcHCMhTG.ZY84zB4bA3OsUFwR0W_hgMJL9k0GDUhPuzMpx5UsVqeov52LYJuhxx2pdRDZyuRZKA70ZRtXxyBRTrzJqMpek70DjidrkdW5CaG1uRcIZJcbPJq9krht1DcmMkDYVlx7LCVJ82o90ywmYGltngK1gaxZ02d9jNN1sLxWksm3BefiOBG1dMNQMwycukcpptLNyVeWbV3DXtPeqNgjx1ItaM9NWpxlRxL8.yXtDy7gPVRMdSSAMyUYlLUu.sV1nHdTEkOY3sJjtGs.nodDpRswcDOyiutCiu6yBAyzVPt9IsKZiNRF9iaZjKkuKsz4A4fPsWyTckcFcGfb46viu_4_wKm6AWW0D9udQfH0aOPi7QsDLW8cNHk3SkupU_zeFaYayw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134bb96396efd96';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=cone%20frustum&__cf_chl_rt_tk=.ieiCuDcPz7MlYAHgF67JQkd9VrlNx6Sq6UT4qlgGd4-1739784354-1.0.1.1-IPqu7v3v7_XnSq9sSmuc3e7T7svVsCvPXgaqmH.sTG4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>