CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="nan" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Poàn khai chêng put oân-tûn bió-im – Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zh_min_nanwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"nan","wgMonthNames":["","Chiaⁿ-goe̍h","Jī-goe̍h","Saⁿ-goe̍h","Sì-goe̍h","Gō·-goe̍h","La̍k-goe̍h","Chhit-goe̍h","Peh-goe̍h","Káu-goe̍h","Cha̍p-goe̍h","Cha̍p-it-goe̍h","Cha̍p-jī-goe̍h"],"wgRequestId":"9d0726b2-1b00-4520-abe4-1083c5879c0e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Poàn_khai_chêng_put_oân-tûn_bió-im","wgTitle":"Poàn khai chêng put oân-tûn bió-im","wgCurRevisionId":3220644,"wgRevisionId":3220644,"wgArticleId":1080577,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Tek-gí chu-liāu (de)","Poàn khai goân-im","Chêng goân-im","Put oân-tûn goân-im"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"nan","wgPageContentLanguage":"nan","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Poàn_khai_chêng_put_oân-tûn_bió-im","wgRelevantArticleId":1080577,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable": true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"nan","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"nan"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q29462","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled": false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.tmh.player","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming", "ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nan&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=nan&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nan&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg/1200px-Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg/800px-Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg/640px-Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="640"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Poàn khai chêng put oân-tûn bió-im – Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh-min-nan.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Siu-kái" href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (nan)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh-min-nan"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia ê Atom tēng-khoàⁿ" href="/w/index.php?title=Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E5%85%B6%E6%94%B9%E8%AE%8A&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Poàn_khai_chêng_put_oân-tûn_bió-im rootpage-Poàn_khai_chêng_put_oân-tûn_bió-im skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳至內容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Bāng-tsām"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tsú-suán-tuann" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tsú-suán-tuann</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tsú-suán-tuann</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至側邊欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">Bih</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Se̍h chām </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A2u-ia%CC%8Dh" title="Khì thâu-ia̍h[z]" accesskey="z"><span>Thâu-ia̍h</span></a></li><li id="n-alphindex" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E5%85%A8%E9%83%A8%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2"><span>Bûn-chiuⁿ bo̍k-chhù</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E9%9A%A8%E4%BE%BF%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Chhìn-chhái hian chi̍t ia̍h[x]" accesskey="x"><span>Sûi-chāi kéng ia̍h</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sin-b%C3%BBn_s%C5%AB-ki%C4%81%E2%81%BF" title="Thê-kiong hiān-sî sin-bûn ê poē-kéng chu-liāu"><span>Sin-bûn sū-kiāⁿ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Pian-chi̍p" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Pian-chi̍p" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pian-chi̍p </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pang-ch%C4%81n:Bo%CC%8Dk-lio%CC%8Dk" title="Sú-iōng ê pang-chān"><span>Soat-bêng-su</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Si%C4%81-l%C3%AD_mn%CC%82g-chh%C3%B9i-kh%C3%A1u" title="Koan-hē chit ê sū-kang, lí ē-tāng chò siáⁿ, khì tó-ūi chhoé"><span>Siā-lí mn̂g-chhùi-kháu</span></a></li><li id="n-Thó-lūn" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chhi%C5%AB-%C3%A1-kha"><span>Thó-lūn</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E5%85%B6%E6%94%B9%E8%AE%8A" title="Choè-kīn tī wiki ū kái--koè ê lia̍t-toaⁿ[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Chòe-kīn ê kái-piàn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A2u-ia%CC%8Dh" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Chū-iû ê Pek-kho-choân-su" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh_min_nan.svg" width="120" height="9" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.5625em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E5%B0%8B%E8%A8%8E" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Chhoē Wikipedia[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Chhiau-chhoē</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Tī Wikipedia chhoē" aria-label="Tī Wikipedia chhoē" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Chhoē Wikipedia[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Tek-pia̍t:尋討"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Chhoē</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Kò-jîn kang-khū"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Guā-māu"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改頁面的字體大小、寬度和顏色的外觀" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Guā-māu" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Guā-māu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org&uselang=nan" class=""><span>Kià-hù</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E9%96%8B%E8%B3%AC%E6%88%B6&returnto=Po%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" title="Kiàn-gī lí seng khui chi̍t-ê kháu-chō (bô-it-tēng ài); chiah koh teng-ji̍p." class=""><span>Khui sin kháu-chō</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B6%E8%BA%92%E5%BA%95&returnto=Po%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" title="Hi-bāng lí teng-ji̍p; m̄-ko bô kiông-chè[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Teng-ji̍p</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多選項" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Kò-jîn kang-khū" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Kò-jîn kang-khū</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="使用者選單" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org&uselang=nan"><span>Kià-hù</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E5%81%9A%E5%87%BA%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>貢獻</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E9%96%8B%E8%B3%AC%E6%88%B6&returnto=Po%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" title="Kiàn-gī lí seng khui chi̍t-ê kháu-chō (bô-it-tēng ài); chiah koh teng-ji̍p."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Khui sin kháu-chō</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B6%E8%BA%92%E5%BA%95&returnto=Po%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" title="Hi-bāng lí teng-ji̍p; m̄-ko bô kiông-chè[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Teng-ji̍p</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 用於已登出編輯者的頁面 <a href="/wiki/Pang-ch%C4%81n:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80" aria-label="Liáu-kái Koh-khah-tsuē siu-kái hong-sik"><span>Liáu-kái koh-khah-tsuē</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E6%88%91%E5%85%B6%E8%A8%8E%E8%AB%96" title="有關來自此 IP 位址編輯的討論[n]" accesskey="n"><span>Thó-lūn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Bāng-tsām"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Bo̍k-lo̍k" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Bo̍k-lo̍k</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至側邊欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Bih</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Sū-giân</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tsù-kái" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tsù-kái"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tsù-kái</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tsù-kái-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tsham-khó_bûn-hèn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tsham-khó_bûn-hèn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tsham-khó bûn-hèn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tsham-khó_bûn-hèn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tsham-ua̍t" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tsham-ua̍t"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tsham-ua̍t</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tsham-ua̍t-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guā-pōo_lên-ket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guā-pōo_lên-ket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Guā-pōo lên-ket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guā-pōo_lên-ket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Bo̍k-lo̍k" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="tshiat-uānn bo̍k-lio̍k" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">tshiat-uānn bo̍k-lio̍k</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Poàn khai chêng put oân-tûn bió-im</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往別種語言的條目。有 36 種語言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 chióng gú-giân</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongeronde_halfoop_voorklinker" title="Ongeronde halfoop voorklinker – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ongeronde halfoop voorklinker" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungerundeter_halboffener_Vorderzungenvokal" title="Ungerundeter halboffener Vorderzungenvokal – 德文（瑞士）" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ungerundeter halboffener Vorderzungenvokal" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="德文（瑞士）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_semiubierta_anterior_no_arredondiada" title="Vocal semiubierta anterior no arredondiada – 阿拉貢文" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Vocal semiubierta anterior no arredondiada" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉貢文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7_%D9%85%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD_%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="صائت أمامي متوسط مفتوح غير مدور – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صائت أمامي متوسط مفتوح غير مدور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%E2%80%99%D1%91%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Неагублены галосны пярэдняга раду сярэдне-ніжняга пад’ёму – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Неагублены галосны пярэдняга раду сярэдне-ніжняга пад’ёму" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Полуотворена предна незакръглена гласна – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Полуотворена предна незакръглена гласна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogalenn_digor-etre_a-raok_plaen" title="Vogalenn digor-etre a-raok plaen – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Vogalenn digor-etre a-raok plaen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polootev%C5%99en%C3%A1_p%C5%99edn%C3%AD_nezaokrouhlen%C3%A1_samohl%C3%A1ska" title="Polootevřená přední nezaokrouhlená samohláska – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Polootevřená přední nezaokrouhlená samohláska" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungerundeter_halboffener_Vorderzungenvokal" title="Ungerundeter halboffener Vorderzungenvokal – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ungerundeter halboffener Vorderzungenvokal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_semiabierta_anterior_no_redondeada" title="Vocal semiabierta anterior no redondeada – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vocal semiabierta anterior no redondeada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavea_puoliv%C3%A4lj%C3%A4_etuvokaali" title="Lavea puoliväljä etuvokaali – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lavea puoliväljä etuvokaali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyelle_mi-ouverte_ant%C3%A9rieure_non_arrondie" title="Voyelle mi-ouverte antérieure non arrondie – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Voyelle mi-ouverte antérieure non arrondie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA,_%D7%97%D7%A6%D7%99-%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%97%D7%94,_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%99-%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%AA" title="תנועה קדמית, חצי-פתוחה, בלתי-מעוגלת – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תנועה קדמית, חצי-פתוחה, בלתי-מעוגלת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0" title="प्रसृत अर्धविवृत अग्रस्वर – 印地文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रसृत अर्धविवृत अग्रस्वर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokal_takbulat_setengah_terbuka_depan" title="Vokal takbulat setengah terbuka depan – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Vokal takbulat setengah terbuka depan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocale_anteriore_semiaperta_non_arrotondata" title="Vocale anteriore semiaperta non arrotondata – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vocale anteriore semiaperta non arrotondata" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%86%86%E5%94%87%E5%89%8D%E8%88%8C%E5%8D%8A%E5%BA%83%E6%AF%8D%E9%9F%B3" title="非円唇前舌半広母音 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="非円唇前舌半広母音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%84%A4_%EB%B9%84%EC%9B%90%EC%88%9C_%EC%A4%91%EC%A0%80%EB%AA%A8%EC%9D%8C" title="전설 비원순 중저모음 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전설 비원순 중저모음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aop-midden_%C3%B3nger%C3%B3nje_veurklinker" title="Aop-midden óngerónje veurklinker – 林堡文" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Aop-midden óngerónje veurklinker" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Полуотворена предна незаоблена самогласка – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Полуотворена предна незаоблена самогласка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokal_tak_bundar_depan_separuh_luas" title="Vokal tak bundar depan separuh luas – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Vokal tak bundar depan separuh luas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%90%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%94%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%9B" title="အရှေ့တစ်ဝက်ဖွင့်အပြန့်သရ – 緬甸文" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အရှေ့တစ်ဝက်ဖွင့်အပြန့်သရ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="緬甸文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongeronde_halfopen_voorklinker" title="Ongeronde halfopen voorklinker – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ongeronde halfopen voorklinker" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocala_semiob%C3%A8rta_anteriora_non_arredondida" title="Vocala semiobèrta anteriora non arredondida – 奧克西坦文" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vocala semiobèrta anteriora non arredondida" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奧克西坦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samog%C5%82oska_p%C3%B3%C5%82otwarta_przednia_niezaokr%C4%85glona" title="Samogłoska półotwarta przednia niezaokrąglona – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Samogłoska półotwarta przednia niezaokrąglona" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogal_anterior_semiaberta_n%C3%A3o_arredondada" title="Vogal anterior semiaberta não arredondada – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vogal anterior semiaberta não arredondada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal%C4%83_semideschis%C4%83_anterioar%C4%83_nerotunjit%C4%83" title="Vocală semideschisă anterioară nerotunjită – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vocală semideschisă anterioară nerotunjită" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%91%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Неогублённый гласный переднего ряда средне-нижнего подъёма – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Неогублённый гласный переднего ряда средне-нижнего подъёма" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%9A%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Полуотворен предњи нелабијализован самогласник – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Полуотворен предњи нелабијализован самогласник" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mellan%C3%B6ppen_fr%C3%A4mre_orundad_vokal" title="Mellanöppen främre orundad vokal – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mellanöppen främre orundad vokal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yar%C4%B1_a%C3%A7%C4%B1k_%C3%B6n_d%C3%BCz_%C3%BCnl%C3%BC" title="Yarı açık ön düz ünlü – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yarı açık ön düz ünlü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F" title="Неогублений голосний переднього ряду низькосереднього підняття – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Неогублений голосний переднього ряду низькосереднього підняття" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voca%C5%82e_anteriore_semiverta_no_rodondada" title="Vocałe anteriore semiverta no rodondada – 威尼斯文" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Vocałe anteriore semiverta no rodondada" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半開前不圓唇元音 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="半開前不圓唇元音" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q29462#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Kái kî-thaⁿ gú-giân ê liân-kiat" class="wbc-editpage">Kái liân-kiat</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Miâ-khong-kan"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im" title="khoàⁿ ia̍h ê loē-iông[c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bûn-chiuⁿ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%B3-l%C5%ABn:Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Loē-iông ê thó-lūn (iáu-boē siá)[t]" accesskey="t"><span>Thó-lūn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="變更語言變體" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Khoàⁿ"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im"><span>Tha̍k</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im&veaction=edit" title="Siu-kái chit ia̍h[v]" accesskey="v"><span>Siu-kái</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im&action=edit" title="編輯此頁面的原始碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kái goân-sí-bé</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im&action=history" title="Chit ia̍h ê chá-chêng pán-pún[h]" accesskey="h"><span>khoàⁿ le̍k-sú</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ke-si kheh-á" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ke-si kheh-á</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ke-si</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至側邊欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">Bih</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多選項" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im"><span>Tha̍k</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im&veaction=edit" title="Siu-kái chit ia̍h[v]" accesskey="v"><span>Siu-kái</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im&action=edit" title="編輯此頁面的原始碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kái goân-sí-bé</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im&action=history"><span>khoàⁿ le̍k-sú</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> It-puann </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:T%C3%B3-%C5%ABi_li%C3%A2n_k%C3%A0u_chia/Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im" title="Só͘-ū liân kàu chia ê liat-toaⁿ[j]" accesskey="j"><span>Tó-ūi liân kàu chia</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:Siong-koan_%C3%AA_k%C3%A1i-pi%C3%A0n/Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im" rel="nofollow" title="Liân kàu chit ia̍h koh choè-kīn ū kái koè--ê[k]" accesskey="k"><span>Siong-koan ê kái-piàn</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nan" title="Chún-pī beh upload tóng-àn[u]" accesskey="u"><span>Kā tóng-àn chiūⁿ-bāng</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:Te%CC%8Dk-s%C3%BB-ia%CC%8Dh" title="Só͘-ū te̍k-sû-ia̍h ê lia̍t-toaⁿ[q]" accesskey="q"><span>Te̍k-sû-ia̍h</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im&oldid=3220644" title="Chi̍t ia̍h kái--koè pán-pún ê éng-kiú liân-kiat"><span>Éng-kiú liân-kiat</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im&action=info" title="更多關於此頁面的資訊"><span>Ia̍h ê chu-sìn</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E8%A8%BB&page=Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im&id=3220644&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Koan-hē án-chóaⁿ īng chit ia̍h--ê soat-bêng."><span>Ín-iōng chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:URL%E7%B8%AE%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPo%25C3%25A0n_khai_ch%25C3%25AAng_put_o%25C3%25A2n-t%25C3%25BBn_bi%25C3%25B3-im"><span>Hōo-lâng té bāng-tsí</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPo%25C3%25A0n_khai_ch%25C3%25AAng_put_o%25C3%25A2n-t%25C3%25BBn_bi%25C3%25B3-im"><span>Hōo-lâng hā-tsài QR bé</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ìn-soat/su-chhut </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:DownloadAsPdf&page=Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im&action=show-download-screen"><span>Chò PDF hā-chài</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Chit ia̍h ê ìn-soat pán-pún[p]" accesskey="p"><span>Ìn-soat pán-pún</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chí-mōe kè-ōe </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q29462" title="liân khì chu-liāu chhng-khò͘ --ê hāng-bo̍k[g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata hāng-bo̍k</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Guā-māu"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Guā-māu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至側邊欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Bih</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia (chū-iû ê pek-kho-choân-su) beh kā lí kóng...</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nan" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em;width:16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background:#f2f2ce;"><small style="font-size:85%;">Poàn khai tsîng put uân-tûn guân-im</small></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ffffe6;"><span style="font-size:5em; font-weight:normal; line-height:1.2em; vertical-align: super;"><span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA">ɛ</span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0px; border:0; collapsing margins; background: transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#FFFFE6; border:0;">tô͘ </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: transparent; border:0;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/t%C3%B3ng-%C3%A0n:Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel_(vector).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg/150px-Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg/225px-Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg/300px-Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kok-ch%C3%A8_Im-phiau" title="Kok-chè Im-phiau">IPA</a> pian-hō</th><td> 303</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ffffe6;">pian-bé</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;">HTML bé <small>cha̍p-chìn-ūi</small></th><td> <code>&#603;</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;">Unicode <small>cha̍p-la̍k-chìn-ūi</small></th><td> U+025B</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=X-SAMPA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X-SAMPA (iáu-boē siá)">X-SAMPA Im-piau</a></th><td> <code>E</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirshenbaum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kirshenbaum (iáu-boē siá)">ASCII Im-piau</a></th><td> <code>E</code></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ffffe6;">siaⁿ-im</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <div style="width:15em; ;"><div style="open-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="150" style="width:150px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em;;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background:#f2f2ce; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Kok-ch%C3%A8_Im-phiau" title="Kok-chè Im-phiau">IPA</a> ê <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BA-im" title="Bú-im">bú-im</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <table cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center; background:transparent;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:small; text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td style="width:64px;"><span style="position:relative; left:-0.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%AAng_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chêng bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">chêng</a></span> </td> <td style="width:62px;"><span style="position:relative; left:-0.3em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chh%C3%B9_ch%C3%AAng_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chhù chêng bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">chhù chêng</a></span> </td> <td style="width:64px;"><span style="position:relative; left:-0.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iong_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iong bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">iong</a></span> </td> <td style="width:62px;"><span style="position:relative; left:-0.1em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chh%C3%B9_%C4%81u_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chhù āu bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">chhù āu</a></span> </td> <td style="width:64px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80u_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Āu bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">āu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:32px; font-size:small; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%AC_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pì bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">pì</a></b> </td> <td style="height:210px;" colspan="5" rowspan="7"><div style="position:relative; background:transparent; width:320px; height:224px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/320px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/480px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/640px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span><div style="background:transparent; position:absolute; top:0px; left:0px;"> <table style="position:relative; width:320px; height:224px; text-align:center; background:transparent; font-size:131%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:320px; height:224px; text-align:center; background:transparent;"> <div style="position:absolute; left:3.5%; width:2.33em; top:2%; height:1.22em; line-height:1.1em; background:white;" class="nounderlines"> <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%AC_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im" class="mw-redirect" title="Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im">i</a></span> • <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%AC_ch%C3%AAng_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pì chêng oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">y</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:44%; width:2.33em; top:2%; height:1.22em; line-height:1.1em; background:white;" class="nounderlines"> <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%AC_iong_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im" class="mw-redirect" title="Pì iong put oân-tûn bú-im">ɨ</a></span> • <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%AC_iong_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pì iong oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">ʉ</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:80%; width:3em; top:2%; height:1.22em; line-height:1.1em; background:white;" class="nounderlines"> <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%AC_%C4%81u_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im" class="mw-redirect" title="Pì āu put oân-tûn bú-im">ɯ</a></span> • <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%AC_%C4%81u_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im" class="mw-redirect" title="Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im">u</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:28%; width:2.33em; top:16%; height:1.22em; line-height:1.1em; background:white;" class="nounderlines"> <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chh%C3%B9_p%C3%AC_chh%C3%B9_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chhù pì chhù chêng put oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">ɪ</a></span> • <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chh%C3%B9_p%C3%AC_chh%C3%B9_ch%C3%AAng_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chhù pì chhù chêng oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">ʏ</a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 47%; width: 2.33em; top: 16%; height:1.22em; line-height:1.1em; background: white;" class="nounderlines"><span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chh%C3%B9_p%C3%AC_iong_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chhù pì iong put oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">ɪ̈</a></span> • <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chh%C3%B9_p%C3%AC_iong_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chhù pì iong oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">ʊ̈</a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 68%; width: 1em; top: 16%; height:1.22em; line-height:1.1em; background: white;" class="nounderlines"><span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chh%C3%B9_p%C3%AC_iong_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chhù pì iong oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">ɯ̽</a></span> • <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chh%C3%B9_p%C3%AC_chh%C3%B9_%C4%81u_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chhù pì chhù āu oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">ʊ</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:15%; width:2.66em; top:29%; height:1.22em; line-height:1.1em; background:white;" class="nounderlines"> <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Po%C3%A0n_p%C3%AC_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im" class="mw-redirect" title="Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im">e</a></span> • <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_p%C3%AC_ch%C3%AAng_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poàn pì chêng oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">ø</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:48%; width:2.66em; top:29%; height:1.22em; line-height:1.1em; background:white;" class="nounderlines"> <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_p%C3%AC_iong_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poàn pì iong put oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">ɘ</a></span> • <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_p%C3%AC_iong_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poàn pì iong oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">ɵ</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:82%; width:2.66em; top:29%; height:1.22em; line-height:1.1em; background:white;" class="nounderlines"> <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_p%C3%AC_%C4%81u_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poàn pì āu put oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">ɤ</a></span> • <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_p%C3%AC_%C4%81u_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poàn pì āu oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">o</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:21%; width:2.66em; top:43%; height:1.22em; line-height:1.1em; background:white;" class="nounderlines"> <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiong_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiong chêng put oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">e̞</a></span> • <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiong_ch%C3%AAng_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiong chêng oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">ø̞</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:56.5%; width:1em; top:43%; height:1.22em; line-height:1.1em; background:white;" class="nounderlines"> <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Tiong_iong_b%C3%BA-im" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiong iong bú-im">ə</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:82%; width:2.66em; top:43%; height:1.22em; line-height:1.1em; background:white;" class="nounderlines"> <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiong_%C4%81u_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiong āu put oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">ɤ̞</a></span> • <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiong_%C4%81u_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiong āu oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">o̞</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:30%; width:2.66em; top:58%; height:1.22em; line-height:1.1em; background:white;" class="nounderlines"> <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im" class="mw-redirect" title="Poàn khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im">ɛ</a></span> • <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poàn khai chêng oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">œ</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:56%; width:2.33em; top:58%; height:1.22em; line-height:1.1em; background:white;" class="nounderlines"> <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_khai_iong_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poàn khai iong put oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">ɜ</a></span> • <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_khai_iong_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poàn khai iong oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">ɞ</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:83%; width:2.33em; top:58%; height:1.22em; line-height:1.1em; background:white;" class="nounderlines"> <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_khai_%C4%81u_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poàn khai āu put oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">ʌ</a></span> • <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Po%C3%A0n_khai_%C4%81u_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im" class="mw-redirect" title="Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im">ɔ</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:39%; width:1.5em; top:72.5%; height:1.22em; line-height:1.1em; background:white;" class="nounderlines"> <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chh%C3%B9_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chhù khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">æ</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:64%; width:1em; top:72.5%; height:1.22em; line-height:1.1em; background:white;" class="nounderlines"> <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chh%C3%B9_khai_iong_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chhù khai iong bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">ɐ</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:42.5%; width:2.66em; top:86%; height:1.22em; line-height:1.1em; background:white;" class="nounderlines"> <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im" title="Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im">a</a></span> • <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khai_ch%C3%AAng_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khai chêng oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">ɶ</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:67%; width:1em; top:86%; height:1.22em; line-height:1.1em; background:white;" class="nounderlines"> <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khai_iong_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khai iong put oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">ä</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:82%; width:2.66em; top:86%; height:1.22em; line-height:1.1em; background:white;" class="nounderlines"> <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khai_%C4%81u_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khai āu put oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">ɑ</a></span> • <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khai_%C4%81u_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khai āu oân-tûn bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">ɒ</a></span></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:32px; font-size:small; text-align:right; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chh%C3%B9_p%C3%AC_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chhù pì bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">chhù pì</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:32px; font-size:small; text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_p%C3%AC_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poàn pì bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">poàn pì</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:32px; font-size:small; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiong_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiong bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">tiong</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:32px; font-size:small; text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_khai_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poàn khai bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">poàn khai</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:32px; font-size:small; text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chh%C3%B9_khai_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chhù khai bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">chhù khai</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:31px; font-size:small; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khai_b%C3%BA-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khai bú-im (iáu-boē siá)">khai</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left; font-weight:normal; font-size:88%; padding:0em 0.5em 0em 0.5em; background:#f1f1f1;">Paired vowels are: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1925892">.mw-parser-output .nowrap,.mw-parser-output .nowrap a:before,.mw-parser-output .nowrap .selflink:before{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundedness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roundedness (iáu-boē siá)">unrounded</a><span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundedness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roundedness (iáu-boē siá)">rounded</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left; font-weight:normal; font-size:88%; padding:0em 0.5em 0em 0.5em; background:#f1f1f1;">This table contains <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonetic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phonetic (iáu-boē siá)">phonetic</a> symbols, which may not display correctly in some browsers. <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Technical_note" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">[Help]</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;yes"> <hr /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1925892"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pang-ch%C4%81n:IPA" title="Pang-chān:IPA">IPA help</a></span> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1925892"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pang-ch%C4%81n:IPA_for_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pang-chān:IPA for English (iáu-boē siá)">IPA key</a></span> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1925892"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=t%C3%B3ng-%C3%A0n:IPA_vowel_chart_2005.png&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="tóng-àn:IPA vowel chart 2005.png (iáu-boē siá)">chart</a></span> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1925892"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/IPA_vowel_chart_with_audio" title="IPA vowel chart with audio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=IPA_vowel_chart_with_audio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IPA vowel chart with audio (iáu-boē siá)">chart with audio</a></span> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1925892"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pang-b%C3%B4%CD%98:IPA_chart/table_vowels" title="Pang-bô͘:IPA chart/table vowels">view</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Poàn khai tsîng put uân-tûn guân-im</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ing-g%C3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ing-gú">ing-gú</a>: open-mid front unrounded vowel), hi̍k-tsiá kē khai tsîng put uân-tûn <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BA-im" title="Bú-im">guân-im</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ing-g%C3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ing-gú">ing-gú</a>: low-mid front unrounded vowel; <b>Poàn khai chêng put oân-tûn bó-im</b>),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sī teh tsi̍t-kuá <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B3ng-%C5%8De" title="Kóng-ōe">kháu-gú</a> lāi-té sú-iōng ê tsi̍t-tsióng guân-im. <a href="/wiki/Kok-ch%C3%A8_Im-phiau" title="Kok-chè Im-phiau">Kok-tsè im-piau</a> lāi-té tāi-piáu tsit-ê siann-im ê hû-hō sī <a href="/wiki/Ell%C3%A1da" class="mw-redirect" title="Elláda">Elláda</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C4%AB-b%C3%BA_tu%C4%81-si%C3%B3_si%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jī-bú tuā-sió siá (iáu-boē siá)">sió-siá</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_case" class="extiw" title="en:Letter case">en</a>]</span> ê <a href="/wiki/Latin_j%C4%AB-b%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin jī-bó">latin jī-bú</a> piàn-thé, <a href="/wiki/%CE%95" title="Ε">epsilon</a> ⟨ɛ⟩. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tsù-kái"><span id="Ts.C3.B9-k.C3.A1i"></span>Tsù-kái</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Pian-chi̍p toān-lo̍h: Tsù-kái" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>siu-kái</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Tsù-kái"><span>kái goân-sí-bé</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3113912">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">While the <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Phonetic_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Phonetic Association (iáu-boē siá)">International Phonetic Association</a> prefers the terms "close" and "open" for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vowel_height&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vowel height (iáu-boē siá)">vowel height</a>, many linguists use "high" and "low".</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tsham-khó_bûn-hèn"><span id="Tsham-kh.C3.B3_b.C3.BBn-h.C3.A8n"></span>Tsham-khó bûn-hèn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Pian-chi̍p toān-lo̍h: Tsham-khó bûn-hèn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>siu-kái</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Tsham-khó bûn-hèn"><span>kái goân-sí-bé</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="refbegin columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBamgboṣe" class="citation">Bamgboṣe, Ayọ (1966), <i>A Grammar of Yoruba</i>, [West African Languages Survey / Institute of African Studies], Cambridge: Cambridge University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+Yoruba&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.aulast=Bamgbo%E1%B9%A3e&rft.aufirst=Ay%E1%BB%8D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBasbøll" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Basb%C3%B8ll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Basbøll (iáu-boē siá)">Basbøll, Hans</a> (2005), <i>The Phonology of Danish</i>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E6%BA%90/0-203-97876-5" title="Tek-pia̍t:圖書源/0-203-97876-5">0-203-97876-5</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonology+of+Danish&rft.isbn=0-203-97876-5&rft.aulast=Basb%C3%B8ll&rft.aufirst=Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBet_HashimBrown" class="citation">Bet Hashim, Suzanna; Brown, Adam (2000), "The [e] and [æ] vowels in Singapore English", chū Brown, Adam; Deterding, David; Ling, Low Ee Ling, <i>The English Language in Singapore: Research on Pronunciation</i>, Singapore: Singapore Association for Applied Linguistics, pp. 84–92, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E6%BA%90/981-04-2598-8" title="Tek-pia̍t:圖書源/981-04-2598-8">981-04-2598-8</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+%5Be%5D+and+%5B%C3%A6%5D+vowels+in+Singapore+English&rft.btitle=The+English+Language+in+Singapore%3A+Research+on+Pronunciation&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pages=84-92&rft.pub=Singapore+Association+for+Applied+Linguistics&rft.isbn=981-04-2598-8&rft.aulast=Bet+Hashim&rft.aufirst=Suzanna&rft.au=Brown%2C+Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCarbonellLlisterri" class="citation">Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>22</b> (1–2): 53–56, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100300004618">10.1017/S0025100300004618</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Catalan&rft.chron=1992&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=53-56&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100300004618&rft.aulast=Carbonell&rft.aufirst=Joan+F.&rft.au=Llisterri%2C+Joaquim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCollinsMees" class="citation">Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2003) [First published 1981], <i>The Phonetics of English and Dutch</i> (5th pán.), Leiden: Brill Publishers, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E6%BA%90/9004103406" title="Tek-pia̍t:圖書源/9004103406">9004103406</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonetics+of+English+and+Dutch&rft.place=Leiden&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.isbn=9004103406&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Beverley&rft.au=Mees%2C+Inger+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCollinsMees" class="citation">Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2013) [First published 2003], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=faVJTQIw9eQC"><i>Practical Phonetics and Phonology: A Resource Book for Students</i></a> (3rd pán.), Routledge, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-50650-2" title="Tek-pia̍t:圖書源/978-0-415-50650-2">978-0-415-50650-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Practical+Phonetics+and+Phonology%3A+A+Resource+Book+for+Students&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=978-0-415-50650-2&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Beverley&rft.au=Mees%2C+Inger+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfaVJTQIw9eQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCruz-Ferreira" class="citation">Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>25</b> (2): 90–94, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100300005223">10.1017/S0025100300005223</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=European+Portuguese&rft.chron=1995&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=90-94&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100300005223&rft.aulast=Cruz-Ferreira&rft.aufirst=Madalena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDankovičová" class="citation">Dankovičová, Jana (1999), "Czech", <i>Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 70–74, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E6%BA%90/0-521-65236-7" title="Tek-pia̍t:圖書源/0-521-65236-7">0-521-65236-7</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Czech&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association%3A+A+guide+to+the+use+of+the+International+Phonetic+Alphabet&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=70-74&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.isbn=0-521-65236-7&rft.aulast=Dankovi%C4%8Dov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Jana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDanyenkoVakulenko" class="citation">Danyenko, Andrii; Vakulenko, Serhii (1995), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WUsbAQAAIAAJ"><i>Ukrainian</i></a>, Lincom Europa, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E6%BA%90/9783929075083" title="Tek-pia̍t:圖書源/9783929075083">9783929075083</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ukrainian&rft.pub=Lincom+Europa&rft.isbn=9783929075083&rft.aulast=Danyenko&rft.aufirst=Andrii&rft.au=Vakulenko%2C+Serhii&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWUsbAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDudenredaktionKleinerKnöbl" class="citation">Dudenredaktion; Kleiner, Stefan; Knöbl, Ralf (2015) [First published 1962], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T6vWCgAAQBAJ"><i>Das Aussprachewörterbuch</i></a> (ēng Tek-gí) (7th pán.), Berlin: Dudenverlag, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E6%BA%90/978-3-411-04067-4" title="Tek-pia̍t:圖書源/978-3-411-04067-4">978-3-411-04067-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Aussprachew%C3%B6rterbuch&rft.place=Berlin&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Dudenverlag&rft.isbn=978-3-411-04067-4&rft.au=Dudenredaktion&rft.au=Kleiner%2C+Stefan&rft.au=Kn%C3%B6bl%2C+Ralf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT6vWCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDum-Tragut" class="citation">Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), <i>Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian</i>, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armenian%3A+Modern+Eastern+Armenian&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing+Company&rft.aulast=Dum-Tragut&rft.aufirst=Jasmine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEngstrand" class="citation">Engstrand, Olle (1999), "Swedish", <i>Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the usage of the International Phonetic Alphabet.</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 140–142, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E6%BA%90/0-521-63751-1" title="Tek-pia̍t:圖書源/0-521-63751-1">0-521-63751-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Swedish&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association%3A+A+Guide+to+the+usage+of+the+International+Phonetic+Alphabet.&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=140-142&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.isbn=0-521-63751-1&rft.aulast=Engstrand&rft.aufirst=Olle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFast_Mowitz" class="citation">Fast Mowitz, Gerhard (1975), <i>Sistema fonológico del idioma achual</i>, Lima: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sistema+fonol%C3%B3gico+del+idioma+achual&rft.place=Lima&rft.pub=Instituto+Ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstico+de+Verano&rft.aulast=Fast+Mowitz&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFougeronSmith" class="citation">Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L. (1993), "French", <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>23</b> (2): 73–76, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100300004874">10.1017/S0025100300004874</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=French&rft.chron=1993&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=73-76&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100300004874&rft.aulast=Fougeron&rft.aufirst=Cecile&rft.au=Smith%2C+Caroline+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFriedman" class="citation">Friedman, Victor (2001), "Macedonian", chū Garry, Jane; Rubino, Carl, <i>Facts about the World's Languages: An Encyclopedia of the Worlds Major Languages, Past and Present</i>, New York: Holt, pp. 435–439</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Macedonian&rft.btitle=Facts+about+the+World%27s+Languages%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+the+Worlds+Major+Languages%2C+Past+and+Present&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=435-439&rft.pub=Holt&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Victor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGillesTrouvain" class="citation">Gilles, Peter; Trouvain, Jürgen (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orbilu.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/1143/1/Illustrations_Luxembourgish%20-%2017%20-%20revised%20version%20after%202nd%20revision%20-%20mit%20Bilder.pdf">"Luxembourgish"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>43</b> (1): 67–74, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100312000278">10.1017/S0025100312000278</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Luxembourgish&rft.chron=2013&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=67-74&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100312000278&rft.aulast=Gilles&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Trouvain%2C+J%C3%BCrgen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forbilu.uni.lu%2Fbitstream%2F10993%2F1143%2F1%2FIllustrations_Luxembourgish%2520-%252017%2520-%2520revised%2520version%2520after%25202nd%2520revision%2520-%2520mit%2520Bilder.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGökselKerslake" class="citation">Göksel, Asli; Kerslake, Celia (2005), <i>Turkish: a comprehensive grammar</i>, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E6%BA%90/978-0415114943" title="Tek-pia̍t:圖書源/978-0415114943">978-0415114943</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkish%3A+a+comprehensive+grammar&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=978-0415114943&rft.aulast=G%C3%B6ksel&rft.aufirst=Asli&rft.au=Kerslake%2C+Celia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGrønnum" class="citation">Grønnum, Nina (1998), "Illustrations of the IPA: Danish", <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>28</b> (1 & 2): 99–105, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0025100300006290">10.1017/s0025100300006290</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Illustrations+of+the+IPA%3A+Danish&rft.chron=1998&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1+%26+2&rft.pages=99-105&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0025100300006290&rft.aulast=Gr%C3%B8nnum&rft.aufirst=Nina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGussenhoven" class="citation">Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>22</b> (2): 45–47, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS002510030000459X">10.1017/S002510030000459X</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Dutch&rft.chron=1992&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=45-47&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS002510030000459X&rft.aulast=Gussenhoven&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGussenhovenAarts" class="citation">Gussenhoven, Carlos; Aarts, Flor (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gep.ruhosting.nl/carlos/gussenhoven_aarts.pdf">"The dialect of Maastricht"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, University of Nijmegen, Centre for Language Studies, <b>29</b> (2): 155–166, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100300006526">10.1017/S0025100300006526</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=The+dialect+of+Maastricht&rft.chron=1999&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=155-166&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100300006526&rft.aulast=Gussenhoven&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft.au=Aarts%2C+Flor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgep.ruhosting.nl%2Fcarlos%2Fgussenhoven_aarts.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHall" class="citation">Hall, Christopher (2003) [First published 1992], <i>Modern German pronunciation: An introduction for speakers of English</i> (2nd pán.), Manchester: Manchester University Press, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E6%BA%90/0-7190-6689-1" title="Tek-pia̍t:圖書源/0-7190-6689-1">0-7190-6689-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+German+pronunciation%3A+An+introduction+for+speakers+of+English&rft.place=Manchester&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.isbn=0-7190-6689-1&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHaugen" class="citation">Haugen, Ragnhild (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160321044236/http://bora.uib.no/bitstream/handle/1956/2423/Dr.Avh.Ragnhild_Haugen.pdf"><i>Språk og språkhaldningar hjå ungdomar i Sogndal</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, Bergen: Universitetet i Bergen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bora.uib.no/bitstream/handle/1956/2423/Dr.Avh.Ragnhild_Haugen.pdf">goân-loē-iông</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tī 2016-03-21 hőng khó͘-pih<span class="reference-accessdate">, <span class="nowrap">2022-09-18</span> khòaⁿ--ê</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spr%C3%A5k+og+spr%C3%A5khaldningar+hj%C3%A5+ungdomar+i+Sogndal&rft.place=Bergen&rft.pub=Universitetet+i+Bergen&rft.aulast=Haugen&rft.aufirst=Ragnhild&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbora.uib.no%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1956%2F2423%2FDr.Avh.Ragnhild_Haugen.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHughesTrudgill" class="citation">Hughes, Arthur; Trudgill, Peter (1979), <i>English Accents and Dialects: An Introduction to Social and Regional Varieties of British English</i>, Baltimore: University Park Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Accents+and+Dialects%3A+An+Introduction+to+Social+and+Regional+Varieties+of+British+English&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=University+Park+Press&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.au=Trudgill%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFJassem" class="citation">Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>33</b> (1): 103–107, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100303001191">10.1017/S0025100303001191</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Polish&rft.chron=2003&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=103-107&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100303001191&rft.aulast=Jassem&rft.aufirst=Wiktor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFJolkesky" class="citation">Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iel.unicamp.br/revista/index.php/seta/article/view/557/474">"Fonologia e prosódia do Kaingáng falado em Cacique Doble"</a>, <i>Anais do SETA</i>, Campinas: Editora do IEL-UNICAMP, <b>3</b>: 675–685</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anais+do+SETA&rft.atitle=Fonologia+e+pros%C3%B3dia+do+Kaing%C3%A1ng+falado+em+Cacique+Doble&rft.chron=2009&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=675-685&rft.aulast=Jolkesky&rft.aufirst=Marcelo+Pinho+de+Valhery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iel.unicamp.br%2Frevista%2Findex.php%2Fseta%2Farticle%2Fview%2F557%2F474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFJonesWard" class="citation">Jones, Daniel; Ward, Dennis (1969), <i>The Phonetics of Russian</i>, Cambridge University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonetics+of+Russian&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Ward%2C+Dennis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKhan" class="citation">Khan, Sameer ud Dowla (2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reed.edu/linguistics/khan/assets/Khan%202010%20Bengali%20Bangladeshi%20standard.pdf">"Bengali (Bangladeshi Standard)"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>40</b> (2): 221–225, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100310000071">10.1017/S0025100310000071</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Bengali+%28Bangladeshi+Standard%29&rft.chron=2010&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=221-225&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100310000071&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Sameer+ud+Dowla&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reed.edu%2Flinguistics%2Fkhan%2Fassets%2FKhan%25202010%2520Bengali%2520Bangladeshi%2520standard.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKohler" class="citation">Kohler, Klaus J. (1999), "German", <i>Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 86–89, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E6%BA%90/0-521-65236-7" title="Tek-pia̍t:圖書源/0-521-65236-7">0-521-65236-7</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=German&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association%3A+A+guide+to+the+use+of+the+International+Phonetic+Alphabet&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=86-89&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.isbn=0-521-65236-7&rft.aulast=Kohler&rft.aufirst=Klaus+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pang-b%C3%B4%CD%98:SOWL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pang-bô͘:SOWL (iáu-boē siá)">Pang-bô͘:SOWL</a></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLanham" class="citation">Lanham, Len W. (1967), <i>The pronunciation of South African English</i>, Cape Town: Balkema</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+pronunciation+of+South+African+English&rft.place=Cape+Town&rft.pub=Balkema&rft.aulast=Lanham&rft.aufirst=Len+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLin" class="citation">Lin, Yen-Hwei (2007), <i>The Sounds of Chinese</i>, Cambridge University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sounds+of+Chinese&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=Yen-Hwei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLodge" class="citation">Lodge, Ken (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_nVT_qNvbusC"><i>A Critical Introduction to Phonetics</i></a>, Continuum International Publishing Group, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E6%BA%90/978-0-8264-8873-2" title="Tek-pia̍t:圖書源/978-0-8264-8873-2">978-0-8264-8873-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Critical+Introduction+to+Phonetics&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-8873-2&rft.aulast=Lodge&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_nVT_qNvbusC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>* <cite id="CITEREFLunt" class="citation">Lunt, Horace G. (1952), <i>Grammar of the Macedonian Literary Language</i>, Skopje</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grammar+of+the+Macedonian+Literary+Language&rft.place=Skopje&rft.aulast=Lunt&rft.aufirst=Horace+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMannellCoxHarrington" class="citation">Mannell, R.; Cox, F.; Harrington, J. (2009a), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130516060142/http://clas.mq.edu.au/speech/phonetics/phonetics/vowelgraphs/USE_Monophthongs.html"><i>An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology</i></a>, Macquarie University, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clas.mq.edu.au/speech/phonetics/phonetics/vowelgraphs/USE_Monophthongs.html">goân-loē-iông</a> tī 2013-05-16 hőng khó͘-pih<span class="reference-accessdate">, <span class="nowrap">2022-09-18</span> khòaⁿ--ê</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Phonetics+and+Phonology&rft.pub=Macquarie+University&rft.aulast=Mannell&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Cox%2C+F.&rft.au=Harrington%2C+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclas.mq.edu.au%2Fspeech%2Fphonetics%2Fphonetics%2Fvowelgraphs%2FUSE_Monophthongs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMannellCoxHarrington" class="citation">Mannell, R.; Cox, F.; Harrington, J. (2009b), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090922023621/http://clas.mq.edu.au/speech/phonetics/phonetics/vowelgraphs/NZE_Monophthongs.html"><i>An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology</i></a>, Macquarie University, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clas.mq.edu.au/speech/phonetics/phonetics/vowelgraphs/NZE_Monophthongs.html">goân-loē-iông</a> tī 2009-09-22 hőng khó͘-pih<span class="reference-accessdate">, <span class="nowrap">2022-09-18</span> khòaⁿ--ê</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Phonetics+and+Phonology&rft.pub=Macquarie+University&rft.aulast=Mannell&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Cox%2C+F.&rft.au=Harrington%2C+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclas.mq.edu.au%2Fspeech%2Fphonetics%2Fphonetics%2Fvowelgraphs%2FNZE_Monophthongs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPeters" class="citation">Peters, Jörg (2006), "The dialect of Hasselt", <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>36</b> (1): 117–124, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100306002428">10.1017/S0025100306002428</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=The+dialect+of+Hasselt&rft.chron=2006&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=117-124&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100306002428&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B6rg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPop" class="citation">Pop, Sever (1938), <i>Micul Atlas Linguistic Român</i>, Muzeul Limbii Române Cluj</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Micul+Atlas+Linguistic+Rom%C3%A2n&rft.pub=Muzeul+Limbii+Rom%C3%A2ne+Cluj&rft.aulast=Pop&rft.aufirst=Sever&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRogersd'Arcangeli" class="citation">Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>34</b> (1): 117–121, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100304001628">10.1017/S0025100304001628</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Italian&rft.chron=2004&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=117-121&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100304001628&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft.au=d%27Arcangeli%2C+Luciana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSchmitt" class="citation">Schmitt, Holger (2007), "The case for the epsilon symbol (ɛ) in RP DRESS", <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>37</b> (3): 321–328, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100307003131">10.1017/S0025100307003131</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=The+case+for+the+epsilon+symbol+%28%C9%9B%29+in+RP+DRESS&rft.chron=2007&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=321-328&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100307003131&rft.aulast=Schmitt&rft.aufirst=Holger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFScobbieGordeevaMatthews" class="citation">Scobbie, James M; Gordeeva, Olga B.; Matthews, Benjamin (2006), <i>Acquisition of Scottish English Phonology: an overview</i>, Edinburgh: QMU Speech Science Research Centre Working Papers</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Acquisition+of+Scottish+English+Phonology%3A+an+overview&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=QMU+Speech+Science+Research+Centre+Working+Papers&rft.aulast=Scobbie&rft.aufirst=James+M&rft.au=Gordeeva%2C+Olga+B.&rft.au=Matthews%2C+Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFŠewc-Schuster" class="citation">Šewc-Schuster, Hinc (1984), <i>Gramatika hornjo-serbskeje rěče</i>, Budyšin: Ludowe nakładnistwo Domowina</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gramatika+hornjo-serbskeje+r%C4%9B%C4%8De&rft.place=Budy%C5%A1in&rft.pub=Ludowe+nak%C5%82adnistwo+Domowina&rft.aulast=%C5%A0ewc-Schuster&rft.aufirst=Hinc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFShostedChikovani" class="citation">Shosted, Ryan K.; Chikovani, Vakhtang (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A7DCF9606BA856FCA5CC25918ADB37EF/S0025100306002659a.pdf/standard_georgian.pdf">"Standard Georgian"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>36</b> (2): 255–264, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100306002659">10.1017/S0025100306002659</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Standard+Georgian&rft.chron=2006&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=255-264&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100306002659&rft.aulast=Shosted&rft.aufirst=Ryan+K.&rft.au=Chikovani%2C+Vakhtang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fservices%2Faop-cambridge-core%2Fcontent%2Fview%2FA7DCF9606BA856FCA5CC25918ADB37EF%2FS0025100306002659a.pdf%2Fstandard_georgian.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFŠimáčkováPodlipskýChládková" class="citation">Šimáčková, Šárka; Podlipský, Václav Jonáš; Chládková, Kateřina (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/katerina/documents/illustration-of-Czech.pdf">"Czech spoken in Bohemia and Moravia"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>42</b> (2): 225–232, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100312000102">10.1017/S0025100312000102</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Czech+spoken+in+Bohemia+and+Moravia&rft.chron=2012&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=225-232&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100312000102&rft.aulast=%C5%A0im%C3%A1%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=%C5%A0%C3%A1rka&rft.au=Podlipsk%C3%BD%2C+V%C3%A1clav+Jon%C3%A1%C5%A1&rft.au=Chl%C3%A1dkov%C3%A1%2C+Kate%C5%99ina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fon.hum.uva.nl%2Fkaterina%2Fdocuments%2Fillustration-of-Czech.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFStone" class="citation">Stone, Gerald (2002), "Sorbian (Upper and Lower)", chū Comrie, Bernard; Corbett, Greville G., <i>The Slavonic Languages</i>, London and New York: Routledge, pp. 593–685, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E6%BA%90/9780415280785" title="Tek-pia̍t:圖書源/9780415280785">9780415280785</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sorbian+%28Upper+and+Lower%29&rft.btitle=The+Slavonic+Languages&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=593-685&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=9780415280785&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTernesVladimirova-Buhtz" class="citation">Ternes, Elmer; Vladimirova-Buhtz, Tatjana (1999), "Bulgarian", <i>Handbook of the International Phonetic Association</i>, Cambridge University Press, pp. 55–57, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E6%BA%90/0-521-63751-1" title="Tek-pia̍t:圖書源/0-521-63751-1">0-521-63751-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bulgarian&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.pages=55-57&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.isbn=0-521-63751-1&rft.aulast=Ternes&rft.aufirst=Elmer&rft.au=Vladimirova-Buhtz%2C+Tatjana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTiersma" class="citation">Tiersma, Peter Meijes (1999) [First published 1985 in Dordrecht by Foris Publications], <i>Frisian Reference Grammar</i> (2nd pán.), Ljouwert: Fryske Akademy, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E6%BA%90/90-6171-886-4" title="Tek-pia̍t:圖書源/90-6171-886-4">90-6171-886-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frisian+Reference+Grammar&rft.place=Ljouwert&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Fryske+Akademy&rft.isbn=90-6171-886-4&rft.aulast=Tiersma&rft.aufirst=Peter+Meijes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTraunmüller" class="citation">Traunmüller, Hartmut (1982), "Vokalismus in der westniederösterreichischen Mundart.", <i>Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik</i>, <b>2</b>: 289–333</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Dialektologie+und+Linguistik&rft.atitle=Vokalismus+in+der+westnieder%C3%B6sterreichischen+Mundart.&rft.chron=1982&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=289-333&rft.aulast=Traunm%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Hartmut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFVerhoeven" class="citation">Verhoeven, Jo (2007), "The Belgian Limburg dialect of Hamont", <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>37</b> (2): 219–225, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100307002940">10.1017/S0025100307002940</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=The+Belgian+Limburg+dialect+of+Hamont&rft.chron=2007&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=219-225&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100307002940&rft.aulast=Verhoeven&rft.aufirst=Jo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWatkins" class="citation">Watkins, Justin W. (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/334DD11C94575EF39A51109B008FB090/S0025100301002122a.pdf/burmese.pdf">"Illustrations of the IPA: Burmese"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>31</b> (2): 291–295, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100301002122">10.1017/S0025100301002122</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Illustrations+of+the+IPA%3A+Burmese&rft.chron=2001&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=291-295&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100301002122&rft.aulast=Watkins&rft.aufirst=Justin+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fservices%2Faop-cambridge-core%2Fcontent%2Fview%2F334DD11C94575EF39A51109B008FB090%2FS0025100301002122a.pdf%2Fburmese.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFZamora_Vicente" class="citation">Zamora Vicente, Alonso (1967), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=31BdAAAAMAAJ"><i>Dialectología española</i></a> (2nd pán.), Biblioteca Romanica Hispanica, Editorial Gredos, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E6%BA%90/9788424911157" title="Tek-pia̍t:圖書源/9788424911157">9788424911157</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dialectolog%C3%ADa+espa%C3%B1ola&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Biblioteca+Romanica+Hispanica%2C+Editorial+Gredos&rft.isbn=9788424911157&rft.aulast=Zamora+Vicente&rft.aufirst=Alonso&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D31BdAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFZimmerOrgun" class="citation">Zimmer, Karl; Orgun, Orhan (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180725111322/http://www.uta.edu/faculty/cmfitz/swnal/projects/CoLang/courses/Transcription/rosettaproject_tur_phon-2.pdf">"Turkish"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, <i>Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 154–158, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E6%BA%90/0-521-65236-7" title="Tek-pia̍t:圖書源/0-521-65236-7">0-521-65236-7</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uta.edu/faculty/cmfitz/swnal/projects/CoLang/courses/Transcription/rosettaproject_tur_phon-2.pdf">goân-loē-iông</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tī 2018-07-25 hőng khó͘-pih<span class="reference-accessdate">, <span class="nowrap">2015-11-21</span> khòaⁿ--ê</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Turkish&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association%3A+A+guide+to+the+use+of+the+International+Phonetic+Alphabet&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=154-158&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.isbn=0-521-65236-7&rft.aulast=Zimmer&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft.au=Orgun%2C+Orhan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uta.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fcmfitz%2Fswnal%2Fprojects%2FCoLang%2Fcourses%2FTranscription%2Frosettaproject_tur_phon-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%3APo%C3%A0n+khai+ch%C3%AAng+put+o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn+bi%C3%B3-im" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tsham-ua̍t"><span id="Tsham-ua.CC.8Dt"></span>Tsham-ua̍t</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Pian-chi̍p toān-lo̍h: Tsham-ua̍t" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>siu-kái</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Tsham-ua̍t"><span>kái goân-sí-bé</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsiong-tsiu_u%C4%93_g%C3%BA-huat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsiong-tsiu uē gú-huat (iáu-boē siá)">Tsiong-tsiu uē gú-huat</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%B3%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="zh:漳州話語法">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cedilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cedilla (iáu-boē siá)">Cedilla</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9dille" class="extiw" title="fr:Cédille">fr</a>]</span> (Cédille/nńg-im-hû)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Guā-pōo_lên-ket"><span id="Gu.C4.81-p.C5.8Do_l.C3.AAn-ket"></span>Guā-pōo lên-ket</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Pian-chi̍p toān-lo̍h: Guā-pōo lên-ket" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>siu-kái</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯章節的原始碼： Guā-pōo lên-ket"><span>kái goân-sí-bé</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phoible.org/parameters?sSearch_0=%C9%9B">List of languages with <span title="IPA hoat-im" class="IPA">[ɛ]</span></a> on PHOIBLE <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#555;">(Eng-gí)</span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Lâi-goân: "<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poàn_khai_chêng_put_oân-tûn_bió-im&oldid=3220644">https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poàn_khai_chêng_put_oân-tûn_bió-im&oldid=3220644</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" title="Tek-pia̍t:分類">Lūi</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C5%ABi-pia%CC%8Dt:CS1_Tek-g%C3%AD_chu-li%C4%81u_(de)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lūi-pia̍t:CS1 Tek-gí chu-liāu (de) (iáu-boē siá)">CS1 Tek-gí chu-liāu (de)</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C5%ABi-pia%CC%8Dt:Po%C3%A0n_khai_go%C3%A2n-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lūi-pia̍t:Poàn khai goân-im (iáu-boē siá)">Poàn khai goân-im</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C5%ABi-pia%CC%8Dt:Ch%C3%AAng_go%C3%A2n-im&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lūi-pia̍t:Chêng goân-im (iáu-boē siá)">Chêng goân-im</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/L%C5%ABi-pia%CC%8Dt:Put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_go%C3%A2n-im" title="Lūi-pia̍t:Put oân-tûn goân-im">Put oân-tûn goân-im</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Chit ia̍h siāng bóe tī 2024-nî 11-goe̍h 23-ji̍t (pài-la̍k), 16:51 ū pian-chi̍p--koè.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Chiàu ē-kha--ê kui-tēng tō thong-iōng <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; kî-thaⁿ kū-thé--ê tiâu-bûn chhiáⁿ lí khoàⁿ <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Ín-su chèng-chhek</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia">Koan-hē Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:It-poa%E2%81%BF_%C3%AA_seng-b%C3%AAng">Bô-hū-chek seng-bêng</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行為準則</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Khai-hoat-chiá</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org">Thóng-kè</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie seng-bêng</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh-min-nan.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Hêng-tōng bô͘-sek</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-rjnn6","wgBackendResponseTime":219,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.496","walltime":"0.887","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4631,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":217948,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":9084,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":26,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":2748,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 707.858 1 -total"," 37.93% 268.455 50 Pang-bô͘:Citation"," 33.41% 236.469 2 Pang-bô͘:Infobox"," 26.47% 187.402 1 Pang-bô͘:Infobox_IPA"," 22.25% 157.522 1 Pang-bô͘:Infobox_IPA/core1"," 21.27% 150.533 1 Pang-bô͘:Infobox_IPA/core2"," 16.23% 114.882 1 Pang-bô͘:IPA_chart_vowels"," 15.25% 107.928 1 Pang-bô͘:IPA_chart/core1"," 14.18% 100.408 1 Pang-bô͘:IPA_chart/core2"," 8.33% 58.997 1 Pang-bô͘:IPA_soundbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.261","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9299075,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-7556f8b5dd-25qr4","timestamp":"20241123165143","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Po\u00e0n khai ch\u00eang put o\u00e2n-t\u00fbn bi\u00f3-im","url":"https:\/\/zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Po%C3%A0n_khai_ch%C3%AAng_put_o%C3%A2n-t%C3%BBn_bi%C3%B3-im","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q29462","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q29462","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7dad\u57fa\u5a92\u9ad4\u5c08\u6848\u8ca2\u737b\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2022-09-18T04:24:50Z","dateModified":"2024-11-23T16:51:43Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6e\/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg"}</script> </body> </html>