CINXE.COM
Health and biology
<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <!-- <base tal:attributes="href python:request['URL1']"> //--> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="keywords" content=""> <meta name="description" content="With the X-ray flashes of the European XFEL, scientists analyse the structure of biomolecules and biological entities such as proteins, cells, or membranes. Researchers can also study how these entities change while working. Understanding the structure of these entities, as well as their temporal changes, will provide insights into their functions, and form an important basis for the development of future medicines and therapies."> <meta name="author" content=""> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Health and biology</title> <link rel="home" href="https://www.xfel.eu/index_eng.html" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.xfel.eu/zmi_css_defaults" /> <!--link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//fast.fonts.net/cssapi/cbc500eb-832f-49b2-8dac-a61f1e60dd1a.css"/--> <link href="https://www.xfel.eu/common/local_css/xfel.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" /> <link href="https://www.xfel.eu/common/local_css/xfel.custom.min.css?q" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" /> <link href="https://www.xfel.eu/theme_xfel/common/added/web.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://www.xfel.eu/common/img/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://www.xfel.eu/common/img/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://www.xfel.eu/common/img/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="https://www.xfel.eu/common/img/favicons/manifest.json"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://www.xfel.eu/common/img/favicons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script type="text/javascript"> //js-detection document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/, 'js'); //touch-detection function is_touch_device() { return (('ontouchstart' in window) || (navigator.MaxTouchPoints > 0) || (navigator.msMaxTouchPoints > 0)); } if (is_touch_device()) { document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className +" is-touch"; } // svg-iconset window.APP = { // baseUrl: '//www.xfel.eu/', svgSpriteUrl: '//www.xfel.eu/common/img/sprite/project.svg' }; // Picture element HTML5 shiv document.createElement('picture'); </script> <script src="https://www.xfel.eu/common/js/head-bundle.min.js"></script> </head> <body class="bodyweb" data-lang="eng" data-path="https://www.xfel.eu/e35177/e52723"> <header class="xfel-header xfel-header--js"> <div class="xfel-header__content"> <nav class="xfel-header-meta xfel-typography--header-meta"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/contacts/index_eng.html" class="xfel-header-meta__link">Contacts</a> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/careers/index_eng.html" class="xfel-header-meta__link">Careers</a> <a href="https://in.xfel.eu/upex" class="xfel-header-meta__link upex" target="_blank">UPEX</a> <span class="xfel-header-meta__languages"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/health_and_biology/index_eng.html" class="xfel-header-meta__link xfel-header-meta__link--is-selected">EN</a> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/forschung/gesundheit_und_biologie/index_ger.html" class="xfel-header-meta__link">DE</a> </span> <span class="xfel-header-meta__search xfel-header-meta__search--js"> <svg width="21px" height="22px" viewbox="0 0 21 22"> <use xlink:href="#icon-search"></use> </svg> </span> </nav> <ul class="xfel-header-navigation xfel-typography--header-navigation"> <li id="xfel-header-navigation__magicline" class="xfel-header-navigation__magicline--js"></li> <li class="xfel-header-navigation__logo"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/index_eng.html" class="xfel-header-navigation__logo-link"> <svg class="xfel-header-navigation__logo-svg" width="100px" height="100px" viewbox="0 0 100 100"> <use xlink:href="#icon-logo-xfel"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-navigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-navigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/index_eng.html" id="e35165"><span>Facility</span></a> <ul class="xfel-custom-navbar"> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/overview/index_eng.html">Overview</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/operation/index_eng.html">Operation</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/accelerator/index_eng.html">Accelerator</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/beamlines/index_eng.html">Beamlines</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/index_eng.html">Instruments</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/user_laboratories/index_eng.html">User Laboratories</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/safety_and_environment/index_eng.html">Safety and Environment</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/comparison/index_eng.html">Comparison</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/virtual_tour/index_eng.html">Virtual Tour</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-header-navigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-navigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/index_eng.html" id="e35152"><span>Organization</span></a> <ul class="xfel-custom-navbar"> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/mission/index_eng.html">Mission</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/company/index_eng.html">Company</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/council/index_eng.html">Leadership</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/partner_countries/index_eng.html">Partner countries</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/cooperation/index_eng.html">Cooperation</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/staff_members/index_eng.html">Staff members</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/index_eng.html">Scientific and Technical groups</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/industrial_liaison/index_eng.html">Industrial Liaison</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/procurement/index_eng.html">Procurement</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-header-navigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-navigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/index_eng.html" id="e35177"><span>Science</span></a> <ul class="xfel-custom-navbar"> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/scope/index_eng.html">Scope</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/health_and_biology/index_eng.html">Health and biology</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/energy/index_eng.html">Energy</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/water/index_eng.html">Water</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/catalytic_processes/index_eng.html">Catalytic processes</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/information_technology/index_eng.html">Information technology</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/technology_transfer/index_eng.html">Technology transfer</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/publications/index_eng.html">Publications</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-header-navigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-navigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/index_eng.html" id="e35178"><span>News and Events</span></a> <ul class="xfel-custom-navbar"> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/news/index_eng.html">News</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/events/index_eng.html">Events</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/communication/index_eng.html">Communication</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/media_database/index_eng.html">Media database</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/in_the_news/index_eng.html">In the news</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/flyers_brochures_and_annual_reports/index_eng.html">Flyers, brochures and Annual Reports</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/corporate_design/index_eng.html">Corporate design</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/arts_projects/index_eng.html">Arts Projects</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-header-navigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-navigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/visitors/index_eng.html" id="e245399"><span>Visitors</span></a> <ul class="xfel-custom-navbar"> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/visitors/events/index_eng.html">Events</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/visitors/exhibition/index_eng.html">Exhibition</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/visitors/guided_tours/index_eng.html">Guided tours</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/visitors/xcool_lab/index_eng.html">Xcool Lab</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/visitors/campus_tours/index_eng.html">Campus tours</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/visitors/food_and_souvenirs/index_eng.html">Food and souvenirs</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/visitors/newsletter/index_eng.html">Newsletter</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-header-navigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-navigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/index_eng.html"><span class="xfel-button xfel-button--secondary" data-text="Users"><span>Users</span></span></a> <ul class="xfel-custom-navbar"> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/covid_19_user_operation/index_eng.html">User Campus Access</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/beamtime/index_eng.html">Beamtime</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_safety/index_eng.html">User safety</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_guide/index_eng.html">User guide</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/guest_house/index_eng.html">Guest House</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/policies/index_eng.html">Policies</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_office/index_eng.html">User office</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_events/index_eng.html">User events</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_organization/index_eng.html">User Organization</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/industrial_users/index_eng.html">Industrial users</a> </li> <li class="xfel-header-subnavigation__item"> <a class="xfel-header-subnavigation__link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/quick_links/index_eng.html">Quick Links</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-header-controls xfel-header-controls--js"> <span class="xfel-header-controls__search"> <svg width="21px" height="22px" viewbox="0 0 21 22"> <use xlink:href="#icon-search"></use> </svg> </span> <span class="xfel-header-controls__drawer"> <span class="xfel-header-controls__drawer-icon"> <span></span> <span></span> <span></span> </span> <span class="xfel-header-controls__drawer-label" data-toggle="CLOSE">MENU</span> </span> </li> </ul> </div> </header> <div class="xfel-drawer__wrapper"> <div class="xfel-search xfel-search--js"> <div class="xfel-search__container"> <form action="https://www.xfel.eu/search/index_eng.html" method="GET"> <div class="field field--input-button" role="group"> <div class="xfel-textfield xfel-textfield--no-margin-bottom xfel-textfield--js"> <input name="q" class="xfel-textfield__input" type="search" placeholder="Enter a search term"> </div> <button class="xfel-button" type="submit" data-text="SEARCH"> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <input type="hidden" name="task" value="search" /> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="002269522213088190445:xsqg-bq5-dy" /> </form> </div> </div> <div class="xfel-drawer xfel-drawer--js"> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-0 xfel-typography--drawer"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <div>Facility</div> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-1 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/overview/index_eng.html">Overview</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-2 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/overview/how_it_works/index_eng.html">How it works</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/overview/facts_amp_figures/index_eng.html">Facts & Figures</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/overview/construction/index_eng.html">Construction</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/overview/construction/overview/index_eng.html">Overview</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/overview/construction/timeline/index_eng.html">Timeline</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/overview/construction/in_kind_contributions/index_eng.html">In-kind contributions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/overview/environmental_compensation_measures/index_eng.html">Environmental compensation measures</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/overview/desy/index_eng.html">DESY</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/operation/index_eng.html">Operation</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/accelerator/index_eng.html">Accelerator</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/beamlines/index_eng.html">Beamlines</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/index_eng.html">Instruments</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-2 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/fxe/index_eng.html">FXE</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/fxe/science_programme/index_eng.html">Science Programme</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/fxe/instrument_design/index_eng.html">Instrument design</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/fxe/group_members/index_eng.html">Group members</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/fxe/publications/index_eng.html">Publications</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/hed/index_eng.html">HED</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/hed/instrument_capabilities___call_for_proposals/index_eng.html">Instrument Capabilities - Call for proposals</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/hed/videos_and_photos/index_eng.html">Videos and Photos</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/hed/science_programme/index_eng.html">Science Programme</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/hed/user_consortium_and_external_funding/index_eng.html">User Consortium and External Funding</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/hed/documentation/index_eng.html">Documentation</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/hed/publications/index_eng.html">Publications</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/hed/group_members/index_eng.html">Group members</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/mid/index_eng.html">MID</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/mid/scientific_applications/index_eng.html">Scientific applications</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/mid/experimental_techniques/index_eng.html">Experimental techniques</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/mid/instrument_specifications/index_eng.html">Instrument specifications</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/mid/supporting_infrastructure/index_eng.html">Supporting infrastructure</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/mid/group_members/index_eng.html">Group members</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/mid/workshops_and_meetings/index_eng.html">Workshops and meetings</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/mid/publications/index_eng.html">Publications</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/scs/index_eng.html">SCS</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/scs/instrument_design/index_eng.html">Instrument Design</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/scs/scs_group_members/index_eng.html">SCS group members</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/scs/publications/index_eng.html">Publications</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/spb_sfx/index_eng.html">SPB/SFX</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/spb_sfx/parameter_sheet_2025_01/index_eng.html">parameter sheet 2025-01</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/spb_sfx/science_programme/index_eng.html">Science Programme</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/spb_sfx/instrument_parameters_for_run_2024_01/index_eng.html">Instrument parameters for run 2024-01</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/spb_sfx/instrument_design/index_eng.html">Instrument design</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/spb_sfx/sfx_user_consortium/index_eng.html">SFX user consortium</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/spb_sfx/group_members/index_eng.html">Group members</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/spb_sfx/documentation/index_eng.html">Documentation</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/spb_sfx/publications/index_eng.html">Publications</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/sqs/index_eng.html">SQS</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/sqs/news/index_eng.html">News</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/sqs/instrument/index_eng.html">Instrument</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/sqs/documentation/index_eng.html">Documentation</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/sqs/beamtime_publications/index_eng.html">Beamtime publications</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/sqs/staff_publications/index_eng.html">Staff publications</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/sqs/videos/index_eng.html">Videos</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/sqs/group_members/index_eng.html">Group members</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/sxp/index_eng.html">SXP</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/sxp/team/index_eng.html">Group Members</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/sxp/instrument/index_eng.html">Instrument</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/instruments/sxp/community_proposals/index_eng.html">Community Proposals</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/user_laboratories/index_eng.html">User Laboratories</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-2 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/user_laboratories/laboratories/index_eng.html">Laboratory Environments</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/user_laboratories/laboratories/biology_labs/index_eng.html">Biology (XBI)</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/user_laboratories/laboratories/chemistry_labs/index_eng.html">Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/user_laboratories/laboratories/material_science/index_eng.html">Dry Sample Preparation</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/user_laboratories/laboratories/cold_room/index_eng.html">Cold Room</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/user_laboratories/laboratories/dark_room/index_eng.html">Dark Rooms</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/user_laboratories/laboratories/glove_box/index_eng.html">Glove Box</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/user_laboratories/samples_processing/index_eng.html">Sample Delivery</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/user_laboratories/samples_processing/liquids/index_eng.html">Liquids</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/user_laboratories/samples_processing/magnets/index_eng.html">Magnets</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/user_laboratories/access/index_eng.html">Access</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/user_laboratories/about_us/index_eng.html">About us</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/safety_and_environment/index_eng.html">Safety and Environment</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/comparison/index_eng.html">Comparison</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/facility/virtual_tour/index_eng.html">Virtual Tour</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <div>Organization</div> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-1 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/mission/index_eng.html">Mission</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/company/index_eng.html">Company</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/council/index_eng.html">Leadership</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-2 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/council/index_eng.html">Council</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/council/council_meetings/index_eng.html">Council meetings</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/council/council_written_procedures/index_eng.html">Council written procedures</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/council/council_working_groups/index_eng.html">Council working groups</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/council/basic_documents/index_eng.html">Basic documents</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/council/isc_predecessor_of_the_council/index_eng.html">ISC (Predecessor of the Council)</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/management_board/index_eng.html">Management Board</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/committees/index_eng.html">Committees</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/committees/ikrc/index_eng.html">IKRC</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/committees/afc/index_eng.html">AFC</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/committees/mac/index_eng.html">MAC</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/committees/sac/index_eng.html">SAC</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/committees/dac/index_eng.html">DAC</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/committees/lac/index_eng.html">LAC</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/committees/dmc/index_eng.html">DMC</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/leadership/committees/proposal_review_panels/index_eng.html">Proposal Review Panels</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/partner_countries/index_eng.html">Partner countries</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/cooperation/index_eng.html">Cooperation</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-2 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/cooperation/user_consortia/index_eng.html">User consortia</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/cooperation/institutional_and_international_cooperation/index_eng.html">Institutional and international cooperation</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/staff_members/index_eng.html">Staff members</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-2 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/staff_members/staff_members_public_view/index_eng.html">Staff members (public view)</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/staff_members/staff_members_internal_only/index_eng.html">Staff members (internal only)</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/index_eng.html">Scientific and Technical groups</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-2 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/instrumentation_department/index_eng.html">Instrumentation Department</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/instrumentation_department/leadership_team/index_eng.html">Leadership Team</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/instrumentation_department/lasers/index_eng.html">Lasers</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/instrumentation_department/mechanical_engineering/index_eng.html">Mechanical Engineering</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/instrumentation_department/undulator_systems/index_eng.html">Undulator Systems</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/instrumentation_department/vacuum/index_eng.html">Vacuum</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/instrumentation_department/x_ray_optics/index_eng.html">X-Ray Optics</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/instrumentation_department/x_ray_photon_diagnostics/index_eng.html">X-Ray Photon Diagnostics</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/data_department/index_eng.html">Data Department</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/data_department/controls/index_eng.html">Controls</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/data_department/data_analysis/index_eng.html">Data Analysis</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/theory/index_eng.html">Theory</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/theory/group_members/index_eng.html">Group Members</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/theory/theory_seminar/index_eng.html">Theory Seminar</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/theory/workshops_and_meetings/index_eng.html">Workshops and Meetings</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/theory/selected_research_projects/index_eng.html">Selected Research Projects</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/theory/publications/index_eng.html">Publications</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/sample_environment/index_eng.html">Sample Environment & Characterization</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/sample_environment/projects/index_eng.html">Projects</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/sample_environment/group_members/index_eng.html">Group members</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/sample_environment/workshops_and_meetings/index_eng.html">Workshops and meetings</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/sample_environment/publications/index_eng.html">Publications</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/index_eng.html">Photon Beam Systems Meetings</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2024/index_eng.html">2024</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2023/index_eng.html">2023</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2022/index_eng.html">2022</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2021/index_eng.html">2021</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2020/index_eng.html">2020</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2019/index_eng.html">2019</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2018/index_eng.html">2018</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2017/index_eng.html">2017</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2016/index_eng.html">2016</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2015/index_eng.html">2015</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2014/index_eng.html">2014</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2013/index_eng.html">2013</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2012/index_eng.html">2012</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2011/index_eng.html">2011</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2010/index_eng.html">2010</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2009/index_eng.html">2009</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2008/index_eng.html">2008</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/photon_beam_systems_meetings/2007/index_eng.html">2007</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/students/index_eng.html">Students</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/students/welcome_words/index_eng.html">Welcome words</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/students/phd_curriculum/index_eng.html">Ph.D. Curriculum</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/students/european_xfel_network/index_eng.html">European XFEL Network</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/scientific_and_technical_groups/students/young_scientist_award/index_eng.html">Young Scientist Award</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/industrial_liaison/index_eng.html">Industrial Liaison</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-2 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/industrial_liaison/room_rental/index_eng.html">Room rental</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/procurement/index_eng.html">Procurement</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-2 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/procurement/legal_and_regulatory_information/index_eng.html">Legal and Regulatory Information</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/procurement/calls_for_tender/index_eng.html">Calls for Tender</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <div>Science</div> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-1 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/scope/index_eng.html">Scope</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/health_and_biology/index_eng.html">Health and biology</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/energy/index_eng.html">Energy</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/water/index_eng.html">Water</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-2 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/water/dimer_bond_dynamics/index_eng.html">Dimer bond dynamics</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/water/dimer_bond_dynamics/the_experimental_set_up/index_eng.html">The experimental set-up</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/water/supercooled_water_dynamics/index_eng.html">Supercooled water dynamics</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/water/supercooled_water_dynamics/the_experimental_set_up/index_eng.html">The experimental set-up</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/water/water_to_ice/index_eng.html">Water to ice</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/water/water_to_ice/the_experimental_set_up/index_eng.html">The experimental set-up</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/water/broken_water_cages/index_eng.html">Broken water cages</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/water/broken_water_cages/the_experimental_set_up/index_eng.html">The experimental set-up</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/water/gas_hydrate_formation/index_eng.html">Gas-hydrate formation</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/water/gas_hydrate_formation/the_experimental_set_up/index_eng.html">The experimental set-up</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/water/glassy_water/index_eng.html">Glassy water</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/water/glassy_water/the_experimental_set_up/index_eng.html">The experimental set-up</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/water/high_pressure_phases/index_eng.html">High pressure phases</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/water/high_pressure_phases/the_experimental_set_up/index_eng.html">The experimental set-up</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/water/publications/index_eng.html">Publications</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/water/publications/call_on_molecular_water_science/index_eng.html">Call on Molecular Water Science</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/catalytic_processes/index_eng.html">Catalytic processes</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/information_technology/index_eng.html">Information technology</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/technology_transfer/index_eng.html">Technology transfer</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/publications/index_eng.html">Publications</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-2 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/publications/2024/index_eng.html">2024</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/publications/2023/index_eng.html">2023</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/publications/2022/index_eng.html">2022</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/publications/2021/index_eng.html">2021</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/publications/2020/index_eng.html">2020</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/publications/2019/index_eng.html">2019</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/publications/2018/index_eng.html">2018</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/publications/2017/index_eng.html">2017</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/publications/2016/index_eng.html">2016</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/publications/2015/index_eng.html">2015</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/publications/2014/index_eng.html">2014</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/publications/2013/index_eng.html">2013</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/publications/2012/index_eng.html">2012</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/publications/2011/index_eng.html">2011</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/publications/2010/index_eng.html">2010</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/publications/2009/index_eng.html">2009</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/publications/20042008/index_eng.html">2004–2008</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <div>News and Events</div> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-1 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/news/index_eng.html">News</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/events/index_eng.html">Events</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-2 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/events/workshops_and_conferences/index_eng.html">Workshops and conferences</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/events/workshops_and_conferences/archive/index_eng.html">Archive</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/events/general_seminars/index_eng.html">General seminars</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/events/general_seminars/archive/index_eng.html">Archive</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/events/science_seminars/index_eng.html">Science seminars</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/events/science_seminars/archive/index_eng.html">Archive</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/events/theory_seminars/index_eng.html">Theory seminars</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/events/theory_seminars/archive/index_eng.html">Archive</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/events/public_events/index_eng.html">Public events</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/communication/index_eng.html">Communication</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/media_database/index_eng.html">Media database</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/in_the_news/index_eng.html">In the news</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-2 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/in_the_news/german/index_eng.html">German</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/in_the_news/english/index_eng.html">English</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/flyers_brochures_and_annual_reports/index_eng.html">Flyers, brochures and Annual Reports</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/corporate_design/index_eng.html">Corporate design</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/arts_projects/index_eng.html">Arts Projects</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-2 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/arts_projects/projects/index_eng.html">Projects</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/arts_projects/projects/marcus_heine/index_eng.html">Marcus Heine</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/arts_projects/projects/the_karabo_universe/index_eng.html">The Karabo Universe</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/arts_projects/projects/uta_zaza_roettgers/index_eng.html">Uta "Zaza" Röttgers</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/arts_projects/projects/jan_schoelzel_ii/index_eng.html">Jan Schölzel II</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/arts_projects/projects/osdorf_urban/index_eng.html">OSDORF URBAN</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/arts_projects/projects/heiner_mueller_elsner/index_eng.html">Heiner Müller-Elsner</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/arts_projects/projects/jan_schoelzel_i/index_eng.html">Jan Schölzel I</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/arts_projects/projects/henrik_spohler/index_eng.html">Henrik Spohler</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <div>Visitors</div> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-1 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/visitors/events/index_eng.html">Events</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/visitors/exhibition/index_eng.html">Exhibition</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/visitors/guided_tours/index_eng.html">Guided tours</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/visitors/xcool_lab/index_eng.html">Xcool Lab</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-2 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/visitors/xcool_lab/physics_lab/index_eng.html">Physics lab</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/visitors/xcool_lab/biology_lab/index_eng.html">Biology lab</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/visitors/xcool_lab/open_educational_resources/index_eng.html">Open Educational Resources</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/visitors/xcool_lab/science_in_school/index_eng.html">Science in School</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/visitors/campus_tours/index_eng.html">Campus tours</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/visitors/food_and_souvenirs/index_eng.html">Food and souvenirs</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/visitors/newsletter/index_eng.html">Newsletter</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item xfel-drawer-navigation__item--special"> <div>Users</div> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-1 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/covid_19_user_operation/index_eng.html">User Campus Access</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/beamtime/index_eng.html">Beamtime</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-2 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/beamtime/call_for_proposals/index_eng.html">Call for proposals</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/beamtime/call_for_proposals/13th_call_for_proposals/index_eng.html">13th call for proposals</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/beamtime/call_for_proposals/12th_call_for_proposals/index_eng.html">12th call for proposals</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/beamtime/call_for_proposals/11th_call_for_proposals/index_eng.html">11th call for proposals</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/beamtime/call_for_proposals/10th_call_for_proposals/index_eng.html">10th call for proposals</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/beamtime/call_for_proposals/9th_call_for_proposals/index_eng.html">9th Call for Proposals</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/beamtime/call_for_proposals/8th_call_for_proposals/index_eng.html">8th Call for Proposals</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/beamtime/call_for_proposals/7th_call_for_proposals/index_eng.html">7th Call for Proposals</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/beamtime/call_for_expressions_of_interest/index_eng.html">Call for expressions of interest</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/beamtime/how_to_apply/index_eng.html">How to Apply</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/beamtime/proposal_review/proposal_review/index_eng.html">Proposal Review</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/beamtime/invitations/index_eng.html">Invitations</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/beamtime/operation_status/operation_status/index_eng.html">Operation Status</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/beamtime/instruments/index_eng.html">Instruments</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/beamtime/user_laboratories/user_laboratories/index_eng.html">User Laboratories</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/beamtime/data_analysis/data_analysis/index_eng.html">Data analysis</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/beamtime/scheduled_experiments/index_eng.html">Scheduled Experiments</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_safety/index_eng.html">User safety</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-2 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_safety/samples_and_substances/index_eng.html">Samples and Substances</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_safety/machines_and_equipment/index_eng.html">Machines and Equipment</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_safety/lasers/index_eng.html">Lasers</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_safety/safety_training/index_eng.html">Safety Training</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_safety/start_of_experiment/index_eng.html">Start of Experiment</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_safety/electrical_work/index_eng.html">Electrical Work</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_guide/index_eng.html">User guide</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-2 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_guide/upex_and_campus_accounts/index_eng.html">UPEX and Campus Accounts</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_guide/registration/index_eng.html">Registration</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_guide/funded_user_travel/index_eng.html">Funded user travel</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_guide/accommodation/index_eng.html">Accommodation</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_guide/shipping/index_eng.html">Shipping</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_guide/visas/index_eng.html">Visas</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_guide/on_site_life/index_eng.html">On-site Life</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_guide/feedback/index_eng.html">Feedback</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_guide/experiment_report/index_eng.html">Experiment Report</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_guide/publications/index_eng.html">Publications</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/guest_house/index_eng.html">Guest House</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-2 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/guest_house/general_information/index_eng.html">General Information</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/guest_house/booking_request/booking_request/index_eng.html">Booking Request</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/guest_house/booking_request/booking_request/index_eng.html">Booking request</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/guest_house/house_rules/index_eng.html">House Rules</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/guest_house/location/index_eng.html">Location</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/policies/index_eng.html">Policies</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-2 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/policies/policy_for_samples_and_substances/index_eng.html">Policy for samples and substances</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/policies/sample_risk_assessment_and_sample_operation_instructions/sample_risk_assessment_and_sample_operation_instructions/index_eng.html">Sample Risk Assessment and Sample Operation Instructions</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/policies/user_supplied_instrumentation_equipment/index_eng.html">User-supplied instrumentation/equipment</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/policies/electrical_work/electrical_work/index_eng.html">Electrical work</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_office/index_eng.html">User office</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_events/index_eng.html">User events</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-drawer-navigation--level-2 xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_events/users__meetings/index_eng.html">Users' Meetings</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_events/users__meetings/2025_users__meeting/index_eng.html">2025 Users' Meeting</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_events/users__meetings/2024_users__meeting/index_eng.html">2024 Users' Meeting</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_events/users__meetings/2023_users__meeting/index_eng.html">2023 Users' Meeting</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_events/users__meetings/2022_users__meeting/index_eng.html">2022 Users' Meeting</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_events/users__meetings/2021_users__meeting/index_eng.html">2021 Users' Meeting</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_events/users__meetings/2020_users__meeting/index_eng.html">2020 Users' Meeting</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_events/users__meetings/archive/index_eng.html">Archive</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_events/online_events/index_eng.html">Online Events</a> <ul class="xfel-drawer-navigation--level-3 xfel-drawer-navigation xfel-typography--drawer-subnavigation"> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_events/online_events/virtual_user_information_meeting___12th_call_for_proposals/index_eng.html">Virtual user information meeting - 12th call for proposals</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_events/online_events/virtual_user_information_meeting___11th_call_for_proposals/index_eng.html">Virtual user information meeting - 11th call for proposals</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_events/online_events/archive/index_eng.html">Archive</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/user_organization/index_eng.html">User Organization</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/industrial_users/index_eng.html">Industrial users</a> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-navigation__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/users/quick_links/index_eng.html">Quick Links</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="xfel-drawer-meta xfel-typography--header-meta"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/visitors/index_eng.html" class="xfel-drawer-meta__link">Visitors</a> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/contacts/index_eng.html" class="xfel-drawer-meta__link">Contact</a> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/careers/index_eng.html" class="xfel-drawer-meta__link">Career</a> <a href="https://in.xfel.eu/upex" class="xfel-drawer-meta__link" target="_blank">UPEX</a> <a href="#" class="xfel-drawer-meta__link"></a> <span class="xfel-drawer-meta__languages"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/health_and_biology/index_eng.html" class="xfel-drawer-meta__languages-item xfel-drawer-meta__languages-item--is-selected">EN</a> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/forschung/gesundheit_und_biologie/index_ger.html" class="xfel-drawer-meta__languages-item">DE</a> </span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <main> <section class="module"> <div class="subnavigation xfel-typography--subnavigation subnavigation--js"> <ul class="subnavigation-list"> <li class="subnavigation-item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/scope/index_eng.html">Scope</a> </li> <li class="subnavigation-item subnavigation-item--active"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/health_and_biology/index_eng.html">Health and biology</a> </li> <li class="subnavigation-item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/energy/index_eng.html">Energy</a> </li> <li class="subnavigation-item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/water/index_eng.html">Water</a> </li> <li class="subnavigation-item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/catalytic_processes/index_eng.html">Catalytic processes</a> </li> <li class="subnavigation-item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/information_technology/index_eng.html">Information technology</a> </li> <li class="subnavigation-item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/technology_transfer/index_eng.html">Technology transfer</a> </li> <li class="subnavigation-item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/publications/index_eng.html">Publications</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="subnavigation-list"> </ul> </div> </section> <section class="module"> <div class="breadcrumb breadcrumb--js"> <div class="breadcrumb-container"> <div class="breadcrumb-home"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/index_eng.html"> <svg width="22px" height="22px" viewbox="0 0 22 22"> <use xlink:href="#icon-home"></use> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="breadcrumb-trail"> <ul class="breadcrumb-list"> <li class="breadcrumb-list__item breadcrumb-list__item--is-seperator"> <svg width="6px" height="10px" viewbox="0 0 9 15"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-arrow-plain-right"></use> </svg> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-list__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/index_eng.html">Science</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-list__item breadcrumb-list__item--is-seperator"> <svg width="6px" height="10px" viewbox="0 0 9 15"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-arrow-plain-right"></use> </svg> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-list__item"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/science/health_and_biology/index_eng.html">Health and biology</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="module module-intro"> <div class="intro"> <h1>Health and biology</h1> <p class="intro__copy description">With the X-ray flashes of the European XFEL, scientists analyse the structure of biomolecules and biological entities such as proteins, cells, or membranes. Researchers can also study how these entities change while working. Understanding the structure of these entities, as well as their temporal changes, will provide insights into their functions, and form an important basis for the development of future medicines and therapies.</p> </div> </section> <!-- bodyContentZMSLib_page --> <!-- big_picture.standard_html --> <section class="module"> <figure class=" image image--full-width"> <picture class="image-picture"> <source media="(min-width: 840px)" srcset="/sites/sites_custom/site_xfel/content/e35177/e52723/e53268/Fotolia_5960304_XL_1680x660_eng.jpg"></source> <source media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset="/sites/sites_custom/site_xfel/content/e35177/e52723/e53268/Fotolia_5960304_XL_1680x660_medium_eng.jpg"></source> <img alt="Picture" srcset="/sites/sites_custom/site_xfel/content/e35177/e52723/e53268/Fotolia_5960304_XL_1680x660_small_eng.jpg"> </picture> </figure> </section> <!-- /big_picture.standard_html --> <!-- xfel_text.standard_html --> <section class="module"> <div class="text"> <div class="text-container"> <div> <p class="text-copy">To determine the arrangement of the atoms in a molecule or material with X-rays, it is currently still necessary to have that molecule or material in a crystalline solid form in which the molecules are placed in the same orientation periodically in space. Crystallization of biological molecules is by no means simple, and the efforts to obtain crystals to of sufficient size and quality for synchrotron investigation have lasted years, if not decades, whereas the successive steps are much faster.</p> <p class="text-copy">X-ray FELs have already shown a qualitative improvement over synchrotrons in the capability to obtain structural information from very small (micrometer or less) nanocrystals. For instance at LCLS in Stanford, in 2012 the previously unknown structure of a protein (cysteine protease cathepsin B) was determined to a resolution of 0.21 nm, from the investigation of nanocrystals at room temperature. It was the first new biological structure solved with a free-electron laser. The protein plays a very important role in the pathogenesis of sleeping sickness, a disease that is widespread in Africa and causes about 30 000 deaths per year. The new knowledge can be used for treatment approaches against the parasite causing the disease.</p> <p class="text-copy">The European XFEL pulses improve the structural determination of nanocrystals considerably, and could even pave the way towards the ultimate dream of structural biology, the determination of the structure from single, non-crystalized molecules.</p> <p class="text-copy">The European XFEL is becoming a very efficient decoder, obtaining in a much shorter time and with reduced effort a large number of structures for molecules such as membrane proteins, from which crystals larger than a micrometer in size are hard to obtain. This will advance progress in our understanding of pathogens and the development of pharmaceutical remedies.</p> <p class="text-copy">As biomolecules are the machines of life, like mechanical machines with moving parts, they modify their structure in the course of performing their respective tasks. It would also be extremely illuminating to follow these modifications and see the motion of the moving parts in a movie. To make a film of a moving object, it is necessary to take many snapshots. Faster movement requires a shorter exposure time and a greater number of snapshots to avoid blurring the pictures. This is where the ultrashort duration of the FEL pulses will ensure sharp, non-blurred pictures of very fast processes.</p> </div> </div> </div> </section> <!-- /xfel_text.standard_html --> <!-- x_webcast.standard_html --> <div class="video"> <div class="video-headline"> <h2>Virus Research at European XFEL</h2> </div> <div class="video-container"> <div class="video-iframe-embed"> <iframe width="1020" height="574" src="https://webcast.desy.de/media/embed?key=6ca4db9b71266e61952beb5cfd16664d&autoplay=false&controls=true&autolightsoff=false&loop=false&chapters=false&playlist=false&related=false&responsive=false&t=0" class="iframeLoaded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" scrolling="no" allowtransparency="true" aria-label="media embed code"></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <script> $("#xwc_slidercontainer > figure:gt(0)").hide(); var sliderinterval = $('#vars').data('sliderinterval'); var slidertransitiontime = $('#vars').data('slidertransitiontime'); setInterval(function() { $('#xwc_slidercontainer > figure:first') .fadeOut(slidertransitiontime) .next() .fadeIn(slidertransitiontime) .end() .appendTo('#xwc_slidercontainer'); }, sliderinterval); </script> <style> div#xwc_slidercontainer{position:relative;min-height:310px} @media (min-width:480px){div#xwc_slidercontainer{min-height:390px}} @media (min-width:600px){div#xwc_slidercontainer{min-height:520px}} div#xwc_slidercontainer>figure{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;padding-right:20px;padding-left:20px} @media (min-width:840px){div#xwc_slidercontainer{min-height:280px} div#xwc_slidercontainer>figure{padding-right:30px;padding-left:30px}} div#xwc_slidercontainer>figure picture{max-width:610px} </style> <!-- /x_webcast.standard_html --> <!-- /bodyContentZMSLib_page --> </main> <footer class="xfel-footer"> <div class="xfel-footer__top"> <div class="xfel-footer__top-container"> <div class="mdl-grid"> <div class="mdl-cell mdl-cell--8-col mdl-cell--12-col-tablet"> <h3 class="xfel-footer__headline--eiroforum"> Member of EIROforum</h3> <a class="xfel-footer__logo--eiroforum" href="http://www.eiroforum.org/" target="_blank"> <picture> <source media="(min-width:480px)" srcset="common/img/EIROforum.png" /> <img srcset="common/img/EIROforum-phone.png" src="common/img/EIROforum-phone.png" alt="EIROforum" /> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="xfel-footer__seperator hr"></div> <div class="mdl-cell mdl-cell--8-col mdl-cell--12-col-tablet"> <h3>Subscribe to our newsletter</h3> <form action="#" method="get" enctype="text/plain" id="xfel_nl"> <div class="field field--input-button" role="group"> <div class="xfel-textfield xfel-textfield--no-margin-bottom xfel-textfield--js"> <input type="text" name="email" class="xfel-textfield__input" placeholder="your@email.com" id="xfel_nl_email"> <input type="text" name="nobo" class="xfel-textfield__input" id="xfel_nl_nobo"> </div> <button data-text="Subscribe" class="xfel-button" type="submit" id="subscribe_nl"><span>Subscribe</span></button> </div> </form> </div> <div class="xfel-footer__seperator hr"></div> <div class="mdl-cell mdl-cell--8-col mdl-cell--24-col-tablet"> <div class="xfel-footer__right-align"> <h3>Follow us</h3> <div class="xfel-footer__social"> <a class="xfel-footer__social-link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/news_and_events/news/rssfeed.xml"> <svg width="50px" height="50px" viewbox="0 0 50 50"> <use xlink:href="#icon-social-rss"></use> </svg> </a> <a class="xfel-footer__social-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/EuropeanXFEL/" target="_blank"> <svg width="50px" height="50px" viewbox="0 0 50 50"> <use xlink:href="#icon-social-fb"></use> </svg> </a> <a class="xfel-footer__social-link" href="https://twitter.com/europeanxfel" target="_blank"> <img src="https://www.xfel.eu/common/img/X.png" alt="XFEL on X" style="width: 50px;" /> </a> <a class="xfel-footer__social-link" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/EuropeanXFEL" target="_blank"> <svg width="50px" height="50px" viewbox="0 0 50 50"> <use xlink:href="#icon-social-youtube"></use> </svg> </a> <a class="xfel-footer__social-link" href="https://www.instagram.com/europeanxfel/" target="_blank"> <img src="https://www.xfel.eu/common/img/instagram.png" alt="XFEL on Instagram" style="width: 50px;" /> </a> <a class="xfel-footer__social-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/5359345/" target="_blank"> <img src="https://www.xfel.eu/common/img/linkedin.png" alt="XFEL on LinkedIn" style="width: 50px;" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="xfel-footer__seperator hr"></div> <div class="xfel-footer__bottom"> <div class="xfel-footer__bottom-container"> <div class="mdl-grid xfel-typography--footer"> <div class="mdl-cell mdl-cell--12-col mdl-cell--24-col-tablet"> <nav class="xfel-footer__navigation"> <a class="xfel-footer__navigation-link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/data_privacy_policy/index_eng.html">Data Privacy Policy</a> <a class="xfel-footer__navigation-link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/legal_notice/index_eng.html">Legal Notice</a> <a class="xfel-footer__navigation-link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/compliance/index_eng.html">Compliance</a> <a class="xfel-footer__navigation-link" href="https://www.xfel.eu/internal/index_eng.html">Internal</a> </nav> </div> <div class="mdl-cell mdl-cell--12-col mdl-cell--24-col-tablet"> <div class="xfel-footer__countries"> <span class="xfel-countries__label">Participating countries</span> <div class="xfel-countries__flags"> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/partner_countries/index_eng.html" class="xfel-countries__flag"> <svg width="30px" height="20px" viewbox="0 0 30 20"> <use xlink:href="#icon-flag-denmark"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/partner_countries/index_eng.html" class="xfel-countries__flag"> <svg width="30px" height="20px" viewbox="0 0 30 20"> <use xlink:href="#icon-flag-france"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/partner_countries/index_eng.html" class="xfel-countries__flag"> <svg width="30px" height="20px" viewbox="0 0 30 20"> <use xlink:href="#icon-flag-germany"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/partner_countries/index_eng.html" class="xfel-countries__flag"> <svg width="30px" height="20px" viewbox="0 0 30 20"> <use xlink:href="#icon-flag-hungary"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/partner_countries/index_eng.html" class="xfel-countries__flag"> <svg width="30px" height="20px" viewbox="0 0 30 20"> <use xlink:href="#icon-flag-italy"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/partner_countries/index_eng.html" class="xfel-countries__flag"> <svg width="30px" height="20px" viewbox="0 0 30 20"> <use xlink:href="#icon-flag-poland"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/partner_countries/index_eng.html" class="xfel-countries__flag"> <svg width="30px" height="20px" viewbox="0 0 30 20"> <use xlink:href="#icon-flag-russia"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/partner_countries/index_eng.html" class="xfel-countries__flag"> <svg width="30px" height="20px" viewbox="0 0 30 20"> <use xlink:href="#icon-flag-slovakia"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/partner_countries/index_eng.html" class="xfel-countries__flag"> <svg width="30px" height="20px" viewbox="0 0 30 20"> <use xlink:href="#icon-flag-spain"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/partner_countries/index_eng.html" class="xfel-countries__flag"> <svg width="30px" height="20px" viewbox="0 0 30 20"> <use xlink:href="#icon-flag-sweden"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/partner_countries/index_eng.html" class="xfel-countries__flag"> <svg width="30px" height="20px" viewbox="0 0 30 20"> <use xlink:href="#icon-flag-switzerland"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.xfel.eu/organization/partner_countries/index_eng.html" class="xfel-countries__flag"> <img src="https://www.xfel.eu/common/img/gb_flag.png" alt="flag-gb" style="height: 20px;" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div class="xfel-drawer__obfuscator xfel-drawer__obfuscator--js"></div> <div class="css-breakpoint-helper"> <div class="tablet"></div> <div class="header-desktop"></div> <div class="desktop"></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/common4all/fancybox/fancybox-2-1-5/source/jquery.fancybox.pack.js"></script> <script src="https://www.xfel.eu/common/js/main-bundle.min.js"></script> <script> /* Highlight active Nav-Parent */ var thispatharr = $('.bodyweb').data('path').split("/"); $('.xfel-header-navigation__link').each(function() { var itemid = $(this).attr("id"); if ($.inArray(itemid,thispatharr) > -1) { $(this).addClass("active"); } }); /* Subscribe Newsletter */ jQuery("#xfel_nl").on("submit", function(nl_subscr) { nl_subscr.preventDefault(); var xfel_nl_email = jQuery("#xfel_nl_email").val(); var xfel_nl_nobo = jQuery("#xfel_nl_nobo").val(); if (xfel_nl_nobo == '') { jQuery.fancybox.open({ padding : 0, margin:[30,30,30,30], autoSize:!0, autoResize:!0, closeBtn:!1, href:'/subscribe_to_newsletter.html?e_mail_address='+xfel_nl_email+'', type: 'iframe', tpl:{wrap:'<div class="fancybox-wrap" tabIndex="-1"><div class="fancybox-skin"><div class="fancybox-outer"><div class="fancybox-header"><h2>Subscribe to our newsletter</h2> <div class="closeBtn"> <svg class="more" width="20px" height="20px" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><use xlink:href="#icon-accordeon-more"></use></svg></div></div><div class="fancybox-inner"></div></div></div></div>'}, afterShow:function(){ jQuery(".fancybox-header .closeBtn").one("click",function() { jQuery.fancybox.close() }) } }); } }); /* DropDown Menu */ $(".xfel-header-navigation__item").each(function() { thiswidth=$(this).width(); $(this).find('ul.xfel-custom-navbar').css('width',thiswidth) }); </script> <!-- Matomo --> <script type="text/javascript"> var piwik_id='282'; var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; _paq.push(['disableCookies']); _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="https:///matomo.desy.de/piwik/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', 282]); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script> <noscript><p><img src='https://matomo.desy.de/piwik/matomo.php?idsite=282' style="border:0;" alt="" /></p></noscript> <!-- End Matomo Code --> <!-- Cookie Bar --> <style> .cookie-bar__inner{background-color:#000;color:#fff;font-size:.875rem;padding:.375rem .5rem}@media (min-width:48rem){.cookie-bar__inner{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}}.cookie-bar__buttons{display:block;margin-top:.375rem}@media (min-width:48rem){.cookie-bar__buttons{display:inline;margin-top:0}.cookie-bar--bottom-left,.cookie-bar--bottom-right{width:22.5rem}}.cookie-bar__btn{background-color:#0275d8;color:#fff;border:none;margin-right:.875rem;padding:.125rem .875rem;-webkit-transition:background-color .3s;-o-transition:background-color .3s;transition:background-color .3s;cursor:pointer}.cookie-bar__btn:hover{background-color:#009fdf}.cookie-bar__btn:active{background-color:#F18F1F}.cookie-bar a{color:#fff;text-decoration:underline}.cookie-bar a:hover{text-decoration:none}.cookie-bar--bottom,.cookie-bar--bottom-left,.cookie-bar--bottom-right{z-index:100;position:fixed}.cookie-bar--bottom{right:0;bottom:0;left:0}.cookie-bar--bottom-left{left:.9375rem}.cookie-bar--bottom-right{right:.9375rem}.cookie-bar--bottom-left,.cookie-bar--bottom-right{bottom:.9375rem}@media (min-width:48rem){.cookie-bar--bottom-left .cookie-bar__buttons,.cookie-bar--bottom-left .cookie-bar__inner,.cookie-bar--bottom-right .cookie-bar__buttons,.cookie-bar--bottom-right .cookie-bar__inner{display:block}.cookie-bar--bottom-left .cookie-bar__buttons,.cookie-bar--bottom-right .cookie-bar__buttons{margin-top:.375rem}}.cookie-bar--bottom-left .cookie-bar__inner,.cookie-bar--bottom-right .cookie-bar__inner{line-height:1.3} </style> <div id="cookie-bar" style="display:none;" class="cookie-bar cookie-bar--bottom-right"><div class="cookie-bar__inner"><span class="cookie-bar__message">We use cookies to provide full functionality of our website.</span><span class="cookie-bar__buttons"><button type="button" class="cookie-bar__btn" id="cookie-bar_ok">OK</button><a href="https://www.xfel.eu/data_privacy_policy/index_eng.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">More information</a></span></div></div> <script> var DESYcookies = localStorage.getItem('DESYcookies'); if (DESYcookies != 'accepted') { var cookiebar = document.getElementById('cookie-bar'); cookiebar.style.display = ''; document.getElementById('cookie-bar_ok').onclick = function() { localStorage.setItem('DESYcookies', 'accepted'); cookiebar.style.display = 'none'; } } </script> <!-- End Cookie Bar --> </body> </html>