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class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Bevezető</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Egy_COBOL_program_felépítése" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egy_COBOL_program_felépítése"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Egy COBOL program felépítése</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egy_COBOL_program_felépítése-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_COBOL_nyelv" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_COBOL_nyelv"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>A COBOL nyelv</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_COBOL_nyelv-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alapműveletek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alapműveletek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Alapműveletek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alapműveletek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezérlő_szerkezetek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezérlő_szerkezetek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vezérlő szerkezetek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezérlő_szerkezetek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kimenet/Bemenet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kimenet/Bemenet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kimenet/Bemenet</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kimenet/Bemenet-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>A(z) Kimenet/Bemenet alszakasz kinyitása/becsukása</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kimenet/Bemenet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Konzolra_írás" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konzolra_írás"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Konzolra írás</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konzolra_írás-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fájl_műveletek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fájl_műveletek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Fájl műveletek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fájl_műveletek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_teljes_Hello_World_program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_teljes_Hello_World_program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>A teljes Hello World program</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_teljes_Hello_World_program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beágyazott_adatbázis_kezelés" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beágyazott_adatbázis_kezelés"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Beágyazott adatbázis kezelés</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beágyazott_adatbázis_kezelés-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jegyzetek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jegyzetek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Jegyzetek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jegyzetek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Források" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Források"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Források</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Források-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-További_információk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#További_információk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>További információk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-További_információk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Tartalomjegyzék" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tartalomjegyzék kinyitása/becsukása" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tartalomjegyzék kinyitása/becsukása</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">COBOL</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ugrás egy más nyelvű szócikkre. Elérhető 71 nyelven" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 nyelv</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – angol" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – aragonéz" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonéz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="كوبول – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كوبول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – asztúr" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asztúr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – azerbajdzsáni" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzsáni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – belarusz" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – bolgár" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgár" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2" title="কোবোল – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কোবোল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – bosnyák" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnyák" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – katalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – cseh" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cseh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – dán" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – német" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="német" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – görög" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="görög" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobolo" title="Kobolo – eszperantó" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kobolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="eszperantó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – észt" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="észt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – baszk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baszk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="کوبول – perzsa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوبول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – finn" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobol" title="Cobol – francia" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cobol" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – ír" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ír" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – gallego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – héber" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="héber" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – horvát" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvát" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%AC" title="Կոբոլ – örmény" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոբոլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="örmény" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – indonéz" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – idó" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – izlandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="izlandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – olasz" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="olasz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – japán" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="კობოლი – grúz" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კობოლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="grúz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%B3%BC" title="코볼 – koreai" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코볼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – litván" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litván" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – lett" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lett" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE" title="കോബോൾ – malajálam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോബോൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2" title="कोबॉल – maráthi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कोबॉल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maráthi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – maláj" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="maláj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – holland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – norvég (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvég (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobol" title="Cobol – okszitán" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cobol" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okszitán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – lengyel" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="lengyel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – portugál" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugál" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – román" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="román" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Кобол – orosz" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кобол" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="orosz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – skót" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skót" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – szerbhorvát" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="szerbhorvát" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – szlovák" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="szlovák" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – szlovén" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="szlovén" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – szerb" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="szerb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – svéd" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svéd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – szuahéli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="szuahéli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF)" title="கோபால் (நிரலாக்க மொழி) – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கோபால் (நிரலாக்க மொழி)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="కోబాల్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కోబాల్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – tadzsik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzsik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="ภาษาโคบอล – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาโคบอล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – török" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="török" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – ukrán" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="کوبول – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کوبول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – üzbég" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="üzbég" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – vietnámi" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnámi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – wu kínai" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kínai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%91%D7%90%D7%9C" title="קאבאל – jiddis" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאבאל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – kínai" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kínai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – min nan kínai" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kínai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="COBOL" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q131140#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Nyelvközi hivatkozások szerkesztése" class="wbc-editpage">Hivatkozások szerkesztése</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Névterek"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="A lap megtekintése [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Szócikk</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vita:COBOL" rel="discussion" title="Az oldal tartalmának megvitatása [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Vitalap</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Nyelvvariáns váltása" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">magyar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Nézetek"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/COBOL"><span>Olvasás</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=COBOL&action=edit" title="Az oldal forráskódjának szerkesztése [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Szerkesztés</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=COBOL&action=history" title="A lap korábbi változatai [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Laptörténet</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Oldal eszközök"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eszközök" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eszközök</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eszközök</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">áthelyezés az oldalsávba</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">elrejtés</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="További lehetőségek" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Műveletek </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/COBOL"><span>Olvasás</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=COBOL&action=edit" title="Az oldal forráskódjának szerkesztése [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Szerkesztés</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=COBOL&action=history"><span>Laptörténet</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Általános </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1lis:Mi_hivatkozik_erre/COBOL" title="Az erre a lapra hivatkozó más lapok listája [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Mi hivatkozik erre?</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1lis:Kapcsol%C3%B3d%C3%B3_v%C3%A1ltoztat%C3%A1sok/COBOL" rel="nofollow" title="Az erről a lapról hivatkozott lapok utolsó változtatásai [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Kapcsolódó változtatások</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1lis:Speci%C3%A1lis_lapok" title="Az összes speciális lap listája [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciális lapok</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=COBOL&oldid=25413089" title="Állandó hivatkozás ezen lap ezen változatához"><span>Hivatkozás erre a változatra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=COBOL&action=info" title="További információk erről a lapról"><span>Lapinformációk</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1lis:Hivatkoz%C3%A1s&page=COBOL&id=25413089&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Információk a lap idézésével kapcsolatban"><span>Hogyan hivatkozz erre a lapra?</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1lis:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCOBOL"><span>Rövidített URL készítése</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1lis:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCOBOL"><span>QR-kód letöltése</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nyomtatás/exportálás </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1lis:K%C3%B6nyv&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=COBOL"><span>Könyv készítése</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1lis:DownloadAsPdf&page=COBOL&action=show-download-screen"><span>Letöltés PDF-ként</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=COBOL&printable=yes" title="A lap nyomtatható változata [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Nyomtatható változat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Társprojektek </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:COBOL" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimédia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q131140" title="Kapcsolt adattárelem [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-adatlap</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Oldal eszközök"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Megjelenés"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" 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Sammet (a lap nem létezik)">Jean E. Sammet</a></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td class="cimke" style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Szoftverfejleszt%C5%91" title="Szoftverfejlesztő">Fejlesztő</a></b></td><td><div class="plainlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r27515026"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nemzetk%C3%B6zi_Szabv%C3%A1ny%C3%BCgyi_Szervezet" title="Nemzetközi Szabványügyi Szervezet">Nemzetközi Szabványügyi Szervezet</a></li> <li>CODASYL</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amerikai_Nemzeti_Szabv%C3%A1ny%C3%BCgyi_Int%C3%A9zet" title="Amerikai Nemzeti Szabványügyi Intézet">ANSI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td class="cimke" style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px;"><b><a href="/wiki/A_szoftverkiad%C3%A1s_%C3%A9letciklusa" title="A szoftverkiadás életciklusa">Utolsó kiadás</a></b></td><td style="padding:0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">COBOL 2014 (2014)</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td class="cimke" style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Adatt%C3%ADpus" title="Adattípus">Típusosság</a></b></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strong_typing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strong typing (a lap nem létezik)">Erősen típusos</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Static_typing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Static typing (a lap nem létezik)">statikus kötés</a></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td class="cimke" style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px;"><b>Dialektusok</b></td><td>HP3000 COBOL/II, COBOL/2, IBM OS/VS COBOL, IBM COBOL/II, IBM COBOL SAA, IBM Enterprise COBOL, IBM COBOL/400, IBM ILE COBOL, Unix COBOL X/Open, Micro Focus COBOL, Microsoft COBOL, Ryan McFarland RM/COBOL, Ryan McFarland RM/COBOL-85, DOSVS COBOL, UNIVAC COBOL, Realia COBOL, Fujitsu COBOL, ICL COBOL, ACUCOBOL-GT, COBOL-IT, DEC COBOL-10, DEC VAX COBOL, Wang VS COBOL, Visual COBOL, Tandem (<a href="/wiki/NonStop" class="mw-redirect" title="NonStop">NonStop</a>) COBOL85, Tandem (NonStop) SCOBOL (a COBOL74 variant for creating screens on text-based terminals)</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td class="cimke" style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px;"><b>Megvalósítások</b></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenCOBOL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OpenCOBOL (a lap nem létezik)">OpenCOBOL</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Micro_Focus_International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Micro Focus International (a lap nem létezik)">Micro Focus International</a> (e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Eclipse" title="Eclipse">Eclipse</a>-plug-in <i>Micro Focus Net Express</i>)</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td class="cimke" style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px;"><b>Hatással volt rá</b></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=FLOW-MATIC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FLOW-MATIC (a lap nem létezik)">FLOW-MATIC</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=COMTRAN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="COMTRAN (a lap nem létezik)">COMTRAN</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=FACT_computer_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FACT computer language (a lap nem létezik)">FACT</a></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td class="cimke" style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px;"><b>Befolyásolt nyelvek</b></td><td><a href="/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I">PL/I</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=CobolScript&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CobolScript (a lap nem létezik)">CobolScript</a>, <a href="/wiki/ABAP" title="ABAP">ABAP</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>COBOL</b> magas szintű <a href="/wiki/Programoz%C3%A1si_nyelv" title="Programozási nyelv">programozási nyelv</a>, a <b>CO</b>mmon <b>B</b>usiness <b>O</b>riented <b>L</b>anguage elnevezés rövidítése. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harmadik_gener%C3%A1ci%C3%B3s_programoz%C3%A1si_nyelv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harmadik generációs programozási nyelv (a lap nem létezik)">Harmadik generációs programozási nyelv</a>. Bár <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ltal%C3%A1nos_c%C3%A9l%C3%BA_programoz%C3%A1si_nyelv" title="Általános célú programozási nyelv">általános célú</a>, mégis a <a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">FORTRAN</a> és a <a href="/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I">PL/I</a> mellett elsősorban az üzleti, pénzügyi élet rendszereiben használatos. Megjelentek benne a <a href="/wiki/Struktur%C3%A1lt_programoz%C3%A1s" title="Strukturált programozás">strukturált programozás</a> bizonyos vezérlő szerkezetei is. A nyelv tervezésénél kísérletet tettek a <b>hordozhatóság</b>, a <b>portabilitás</b> megteremtésére. </p><p>A nyelv hosszú fejlődésen ment keresztül, de alapvető felépítését, struktúráját mindvégig megőrizte. Az első változatát, a <i>COBOL 60</i>-at 1959-ben deklarálták. Ezt követte az <b>ANSI COBOL 1968</b>, amely a nyelv addigra sokféle változata között teremtett rendet egy egységes standard leírásával, amit az <a href="/wiki/ANSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ANSI">ANSI</a>-nál jegyeztek be. 1974-ben jött a <b>COBOL 1974</b>, amely az ANSI-változat kiegészítése volt sok új funkcióval, amely az eredeti '68-as verzióban még nem szerepelt. <b>1985</b>-ben az ANSI kiadta a nyelv egy újabb revízióját, amely sok strukturált programozási elemmel egészítette ki az eddigieket (scope terminátorok, pl. <code>END-IF, END-PERFORM, END-READ</code>). </p><p>Hosszú szünet után <b>2002</b>-ben egészítették ki a nyelvet <a href="/wiki/Objektumorient%C3%A1lt_programoz%C3%A1s" title="Objektumorientált programozás">objektumorientált programozást</a> támogató elemekkel.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Majd több lépcsőben további sztenderdekben a nyelv bővült XML kezeléssel, valamint OOP-s Collection könyvtárt is adtak hozzá a sztenderd COBOL-hoz. </p><p>Legutóbbi változata a COBOL 2014. Sok új lehetőséggel bővült, ezek közül néhány: </p> <ul><li>A 2002.es változatban tervezett, de el nem készült dinamikus tábla-kezelés</li> <li>Hordozható aritmetikai eredmények váltották fel a IEEE 754 adattípusokat</li> <li>Legfontosabb elemei opcionálisak lettek, így pl a VALIDATE , a Report Writer és a képernyő kezelés</li></ul> <p>Meglepő, de biztosító intézetek, nagyvállalatok ma is használják a nyelvet. Elvük: "Ami nem romlik el, nem kell megjavítani. Csak vegyünk másik gépet alája". 2017 júniusában az amerikai IT állásokat ajánló dice.com-on 432 COBOL fejlesztőt kereső hirdetés volt. Magyarországon ezt a programnyelvet több, mint 40 éve kezdték el használni. </p><p>Miután a program könnyen olvasható angol mondatokból áll, az <a href="/wiki/Angol_nyelv" title="Angol nyelv">angol nyelv</a> rövidítéseinek és szabályainak megfelelően, elsősorban az angolszász országokban használják a COBOL nyelvet, persze az alatta lévő gép fajtájának megfelelően kialakult néhány, az adott környezethez megírt fordítóprogram tartalmazhat "nyelvjárásokat" is. A z<a href="/w/index.php?title=Z/OS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Z/OS (a lap nem létezik)">/OS</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ICL_VME&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ICL VME (a lap nem létezik)">VME</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenVMS" title="OpenVMS">OpenVMS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> tartalmaznak COBOL fordítót. Egyes források szerint lehet, hogy a 2014-es verzió marad a végleges.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Egy_COBOL_program_felépítése"><span id="Egy_COBOL_program_fel.C3.A9p.C3.ADt.C3.A9se"></span>Egy COBOL program felépítése</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=COBOL&action=edit&section=1" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Egy COBOL program felépítése"><span>szerkesztés</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Egy COBOL program 4 jól elkülöníthető részre, COBOL szóhasználattal <i>Division-</i>re, magyarul <b>Főrész</b>re oszlik: </p> <pre>1. Azonosítási főrész, IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. 2. Környezetleíró főrész, ENVIRONMENT DIVISION. 3. Adatleíró főrész, DATA DIVISION. 4. Eljárási főrész, PROCEDURE DIVISION. </pre> <p>Az első főrész formálisan írja le a program adatait. A 2. főrészben lehet definiálni az esetlegesen használt fájlokat a program input-outputjához. A 3. főrészben (adatleíró főrészben) megadhatók az adatstruktúrák, változók, míg a 4. főrészben kell leírni a program tényleges működését. Az egyes főrészek <b>szekciókból</b> <i>(Section)</i> épülnek fel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="A_COBOL_nyelv">A COBOL nyelv</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=COBOL&action=edit&section=2" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: A COBOL nyelv"><span>szerkesztés</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A célként meghatározott üzleti- és pénzügyi alkalmazások miatt az adatok megjelenítésére kiemelten nagy hangsúlyt fektetett a nyelv. Az adatok formáját a "kép" jelentésű angol <i>Picture</i> szó rövidítését jelentő <b>PIC</b> utasítás írja le. A COBOL program kötött <a href="/wiki/Szintaxis_(programoz%C3%A1si_nyelvek)" title="Szintaxis (programozási nyelvek)">szintaxissal</a> rendelkező, úgynevezett <b>COBOL mondat</b>ok <i>(Sentences)</i> sorozatából áll, amelyek különböző igékből (ADD, SUBTRACT, PERFORM, READ stb.) és változónevekből épülnek fel. Minden mondatot pont zár le. A mondatok összetartozó csoportjai <b>paragrafus</b>okba <i>(Paragraph)</i> gyűjthetők, amelyek egyben vezérlési szerkezetként is kezelhetők. </p><p>A mondatokban használt igék, a <b>kulcsszavak</b> között vannak olyanok, amelyek csak az angol nyelv sajátosságai miatt kellenek (ezeket nem kötelező használni). Egy COBOL program valóban olvasható és érthető egy angolul értő számára, ennek azonban az az ára, hogy néhány COBOL mondat szintaxisa szinte áttekinthetetlenül bonyolult és terjedelmes, és nagyon komoly gyakorlat kell a teljes nyelvi eszközrendszer nyújtotta lehetőségek kihasználásához. </p><p>Egyes COBOL megvalósítások annyira meghatározták a forrásprogram írásának szabályait, hogy a nyelvet használó cégek előnyomtatott lapok alkalmazásával segítették a programozókat a formai követelmények betartásában. Az is előírás volt, hogy a programot csak nagybetűvel lehetett írni, ezért programozói körökben elterjedt vicc volt, hogy a COBOL az a programnyelv, amely megtanít a nagybetűk írására. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alapműveletek"><span id="Alapm.C5.B1veletek"></span>Alapműveletek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=COBOL&action=edit&section=3" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Alapműveletek"><span>szerkesztés</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kommentezés (első karakter *). Pl: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cobol mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c">*******************************************************************************</span> <span class="c">** Th</span><span class="nv">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">comment</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">**</span> <span class="c">*******************************************************************************</span> </pre></div> <p>Változó / struktúra deklarálás a Working Storage Section-ben: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cobol mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c">01 var</span><span class="nv">char-buf</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">global</span><span class="p">.</span> <span class="c"> 03</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">len</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">PIC 9(4)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">COMP </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">VALUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">ZEROS</span><span class="p">.</span> <span class="c"> 03</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">buf</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">PIC x(100) </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">VALUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">SPACES</span><span class="p">.</span> </pre></div> <p>Értékadás: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cobol mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c">MOVE "</span><span class="nv">szoveg</span><span class="s2">" TO variable</span> </pre></div> <p>Összeadás: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cobol mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c">ADD ye</span><span class="nv">ars</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">age</span> </pre></div> <p>Kivonás: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cobol mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c">SUBTRA</span><span class="nv">CT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">18 </span><span class="kp">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">variable</span> </pre></div> <p>String parsolása egy másik megformázott időbélyeget tartalmazó Stringbe: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cobol mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c">STRING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ws-edate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">DELIMITED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">SIZE</span> <span class="kp"> </span><span class="s2">"-"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">DELIMITED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">SIZE</span> <span class="kp"> </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ws-edate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">DELIMITED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">SIZE</span> <span class="kp"> </span><span class="s2">"-"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">DELIMITED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">SIZE</span> <span class="kp"> </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ws-edate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">DELIMITED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">SIZE</span> <span class="kp"> </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ws-etime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">DELIMITED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">SIZE</span> <span class="kp"> </span><span class="s2">".000000"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">DELIMITED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">SIZE</span> <span class="kp"> </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ws-timestamp</span> <span class="c">END-ST</span><span class="nv">RING</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezérlő_szerkezetek"><span id="Vez.C3.A9rl.C5.91_szerkezetek"></span>Vezérlő szerkezetek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=COBOL&action=edit&section=4" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Vezérlő szerkezetek"><span>szerkesztés</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elágazás: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cobol mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c">IF (da</span><span class="nv">ta1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1 </span><span class="ow">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3 </span><span class="ow">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5 </span><span class="ow">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7 </span><span class="ow">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c">AND (d</span><span class="nv">ata2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2 </span><span class="ow">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"> SU</span><span class="nv">BTRACT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1 </span><span class="kp">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">data1</span> <span class="kr">ELSE</span> <span class="kr"> </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">MOVE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12 </span><span class="kp">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">data1</span> <span class="c"> SU</span><span class="nv">BTRACT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1 </span><span class="kp">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">data2</span> <span class="c">END-IF</span> </pre></div> <p>Ciklusszervezés: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cobol mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c">perfor</span><span class="nv">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">until</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">I</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi"> </span><span class="kr">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">I1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TOMB</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">I</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">A</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TOMB</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">I</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"> ad</span><span class="nv">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">I2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TOMB</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">I</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">B</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TOMB</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">I</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"> ad</span><span class="nv">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">I3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TOMB</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">I</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">C</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TOMB</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">I</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"> ad</span><span class="nv">d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1 </span><span class="kp">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">I</span> <span class="c">end-pe</span><span class="nv">rform</span><span class="p">.</span> </pre></div> <p>Feltételtől függő ciklus: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cobol mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c">evalua</span><span class="nv">te</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">HONAP</span> <span class="c"> wh</span><span class="nv">en</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2 </span><span class="kp">thru</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12</span> <span class="mi"> </span><span class="kr">perform</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">until</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">I</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi"> </span><span class="kr">subtract</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">WOSSZ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ELOZOEV</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">I</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">WOSSZ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TOMB</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">I</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"> </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">subtract</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">WOSSZ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ELOZOEV</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">I</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">WOSSZ</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TOMB</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">I</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"> </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1 </span><span class="kp">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">I</span> <span class="c"> </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">end-perform</span> <span class="c">end-ev</span><span class="nv">aluate</span><span class="p">.</span> </pre></div> <p>Eljáráshívás: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cobol mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c">PERFOR</span><span class="nv">M</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">eljaras</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kimenet/Bemenet"><span id="Kimenet.2FBemenet"></span>Kimenet/Bemenet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=COBOL&action=edit&section=5" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Kimenet/Bemenet"><span>szerkesztés</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konzolra_írás"><span id="Konzolra_.C3.ADr.C3.A1s"></span>Konzolra írás</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=COBOL&action=edit&section=6" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Konzolra írás"><span>szerkesztés</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cobol mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c">DISPLA</span><span class="nv">Y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Hello World at"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">hv-date</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"!"</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fájl_műveletek"><span id="F.C3.A1jl_m.C5.B1veletek"></span>Fájl műveletek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=COBOL&action=edit&section=7" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Fájl műveletek"><span>szerkesztés</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fájl rekord típus deklarálása a Data Division/File section-ben. Pl. egy 536 karakteres rekord deklarálása: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cobol mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c">FD X-F</span><span class="nv">ILE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">record</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">contains</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">536 </span><span class="kp">characters</span><span class="p">.</span> <span class="c"> 01 X</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nv">RECORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">PIC X(536)</span><span class="p">.</span> </pre></div> <p>Fájl megnyitása: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cobol mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c">open o</span><span class="nv">utput</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">X-FILE</span> </pre></div> <p>Fájl olvasása: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cobol mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c">read X</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nv">FILE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">next</span> </pre></div> <p>Fájl írása: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cobol mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c">write </span><span class="nv">X-RECORD</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">RECORD-TEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">after</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span> </pre></div> <p>Fájl lezárása: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cobol mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c">close </span><span class="nv">X-FILE</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="A_teljes_Hello_World_program">A teljes Hello World program</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=COBOL&action=edit&section=8" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: A teljes Hello World program"><span>szerkesztés</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cobol mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c">IDENTI</span><span class="nv">FICATION</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">DIVISION</span><span class="p">.</span> <span class="c"> </span><span class="kr">PROGRAM-ID</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">HELLO-WORLD</span><span class="p">.</span> <span class="c"> </span><span class="kr">PROCEDURE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">DIVISION</span><span class="p">.</span> <span class="c"> </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">DISPLAY </span><span class="s1">'Hello, world'</span><span class="p">.</span> <span class="c"> </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">STOP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">RUN</span><span class="p">.</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beágyazott_adatbázis_kezelés"><span id="Be.C3.A1gyazott_adatb.C3.A1zis_kezel.C3.A9s"></span>Beágyazott adatbázis kezelés</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=COBOL&action=edit&section=9" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Beágyazott adatbázis kezelés"><span>szerkesztés</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Cobol nyelv kibővíthető volt különböző extra tulajdonságokkal, pl. sql kezeléssel egy speciális preprocesszoros fordítás segítségével. A következőkben erre látható egy példa. </p><p>Rekord típus definiálása a tábla mezői alapján, melyet a <code>WORKING-STORAGE SECTION</code>-ben kell elhelyezni egy deklarációs blokkba. Figyelni kell a hibakódok stb. beimportálására is: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cobol mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c">EXEC S</span><span class="nv">QL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">structures</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">sqlca</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">version</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2 </span><span class="nv">end-exec</span><span class="p">.</span> <span class="c">EXEC S</span><span class="nv">QL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">sqlca</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">end-exec</span><span class="p">.</span> <span class="c">EXEC S</span><span class="nv">QL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">begin</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">declare</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">section</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">end-exec</span><span class="p">.</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cobol mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c">EXEC S</span><span class="nv">QL</span> <span class="c"> in</span><span class="nv">voke</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">table_ident</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ident</span> <span class="c"> </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LEVEL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">01</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">NULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">STRUCTURE</span> <span class="c">END-EX</span><span class="nv">EC</span><span class="p">.</span> </pre></div> <p>Deklarációs blokk lezárása: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cobol mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c">EXEC S</span><span class="nv">QL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">end</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">declare</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">section</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">END-EXEC</span><span class="p">.</span> </pre></div> <p>Majd következhetnek a cursor definíciók. Pl: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cobol mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c">EXEC S</span><span class="nv">QL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">DECLARE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">region-cursor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">CURSOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">FOR</span> <span class="kp"> </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">SELECT</span> <span class="kp"> </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">region_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"> </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">region_code</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"> </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">region_lang</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"> F</span><span class="nv">ROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">t_region</span> <span class="c"> o</span><span class="nv">rder</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">by</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">region_code</span> <span class="c"> B</span><span class="nv">ROWSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">ACCESS</span> <span class="c">END-EX</span><span class="nv">EC</span><span class="p">.</span> </pre></div> <p>Egy select eredményének berakása egy tömbbe (open-process-close): </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cobol mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c">EXEC S</span><span class="nv">QL</span> <span class="c"> O</span><span class="nv">PEN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">region-cursor</span> <span class="c">END-EX</span><span class="nv">EC</span> <span class="c">perfor</span><span class="nv">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">until</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">dfisql-ok</span> <span class="c"> in</span><span class="nv">itialize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">region</span> <span class="c"> EX</span><span class="nv">EC</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">SQL</span> <span class="c"> </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FETCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">region-cursor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">INTO</span> <span class="kp"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nv">region-name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">region</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"> </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nv">region-code</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">region</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"> </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nv">region-lang</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">region</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"> END</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nv">EXEC</span> <span class="c"> if </span><span class="ow">not</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">dfisql-ok</span> <span class="c"> </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">exit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">perform</span> <span class="kr"> </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">end-if</span> <span class="kr"> </span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1 </span><span class="kp">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">region-cnt</span> <span class="c"> mov</span><span class="nv">e</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">region-name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">region</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">region-name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">region-table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">region-cnt</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"> mov</span><span class="nv">e</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">region-code</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">region</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">region-code</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">region-table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">region-cnt</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"> mov</span><span class="nv">e</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">region-lang</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">region</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">region-lang</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">OF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">region-table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">region-cnt</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c">end-pe</span><span class="nv">rform</span> <span class="c">EXEC S</span><span class="nv">QL</span> <span class="c"> CL</span><span class="nv">OSE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">region-cursor</span> <span class="c">END-EX</span><span class="nv">EC</span> </pre></div> <p>A fordításhoz pl. <a href="/wiki/HP_NonStop_SQL" title="HP NonStop SQL">HP NonStop SQL</a> esetén egy <code>sqlcomp</code> programra van szükség. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jegyzetek">Jegyzetek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=COBOL&action=edit&section=10" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Jegyzetek"><span>szerkesztés</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="ref-1col"><div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-gap: 3em; -moz-column-gap: 3em; column-gap: 3em;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book citation" style="font-style:normal" id="Reference-Oliveira-2006">Oliveira, Rui. <i>The Power of Cobol</i>. City: BookSurge Publishing (2006). <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1lis:K%C3%B6nyvforr%C3%A1sok/0-620-34652-3" title="Speciális:Könyvforrások/0-620-34652-3">ISBN 0-620-34652-3</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Power+of+Cobol&rft.aulast=Oliveira&rft.aufirst=Rui&rft.date=2006&rft.pub=BookSurge+Publishing&rft.place=City&rft.isbn=0-620-34652-3"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://shape-of-code.coding-guidelines.com/2014/11/06/cobol-2014-perhaps-the-definitive-final-version-of-the-language/">http://shape-of-code.coding-guidelines.com/2014/11/06/cobol-2014-perhaps-the-definitive-final-version-of-the-language/</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div><div class="ref-1col"><div style="-moz-column-count:2; 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