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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Turbo+Pascal" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Turbo+Pascal" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk 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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-De_tre_første_versjonene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_tre_første_versjonene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>De tre første versjonene</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-De_tre_første_versjonene-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen De tre første versjonene</span> </button> <ul id="toc-De_tre_første_versjonene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Røttene_til_Turbo_Pascal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Røttene_til_Turbo_Pascal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Røttene til Turbo Pascal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Røttene_til_Turbo_Pascal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turbo_Pascal_1.0_(1983)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turbo_Pascal_1.0_(1983)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Turbo Pascal 1.0 (1983)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turbo_Pascal_1.0_(1983)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turbo_Pascal_2.0_(1984)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turbo_Pascal_2.0_(1984)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Turbo Pascal 2.0 (1984)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turbo_Pascal_2.0_(1984)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turbo_Pascal_3.0_(1985)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turbo_Pascal_3.0_(1985)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Turbo Pascal 3.0 (1985)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turbo_Pascal_3.0_(1985)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turbo_Pascal_for_Macintosh_(1985)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turbo_Pascal_for_Macintosh_(1985)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Turbo Pascal for Macintosh (1985)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turbo_Pascal_for_Macintosh_(1985)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programeksempler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programeksempler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Programeksempler</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Programeksempler-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Programeksempler</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Programeksempler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hallo_verden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hallo_verden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Hallo verden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hallo_verden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fakultet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fakultet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Fakultet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fakultet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fibonacci-tall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fibonacci-tall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Fibonacci-tall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fibonacci-tall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kvadrat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kvadrat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Kvadrat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kvadrat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Påvirkninger_fra_Modula-2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Påvirkninger_fra_Modula-2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Påvirkninger fra Modula-2</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Påvirkninger_fra_Modula-2-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Påvirkninger fra Modula-2</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Påvirkninger_fra_Modula-2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Turbo_Pascal_4.0_(1987)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turbo_Pascal_4.0_(1987)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Turbo Pascal 4.0 (1987)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turbo_Pascal_4.0_(1987)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turbo_Pascal_5.0_(1988)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turbo_Pascal_5.0_(1988)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Turbo Pascal 5.0 (1988)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turbo_Pascal_5.0_(1988)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Objektorientert_programmering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Objektorientert_programmering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Objektorientert programmering</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Objektorientert_programmering-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Objektorientert programmering</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Objektorientert_programmering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Turbo_Pascal_5.5_(1989)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turbo_Pascal_5.5_(1989)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Turbo Pascal 5.5 (1989)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turbo_Pascal_5.5_(1989)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turbo_Pascal_6.0_(1990)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turbo_Pascal_6.0_(1990)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Turbo Pascal 6.0 (1990)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turbo_Pascal_6.0_(1990)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turbo_Pascal_for_Windows_1.0_(1991)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turbo_Pascal_for_Windows_1.0_(1991)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Turbo Pascal for Windows 1.0 (1991)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turbo_Pascal_for_Windows_1.0_(1991)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turbo_Pascal_for_Windows_1.5_(1992)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turbo_Pascal_for_Windows_1.5_(1992)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Turbo Pascal for Windows 1.5 (1992)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turbo_Pascal_for_Windows_1.5_(1992)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turbo_Pascal_7.0_(1992)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turbo_Pascal_7.0_(1992)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Turbo Pascal 7.0 (1992)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turbo_Pascal_7.0_(1992)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Turbo Pascal</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 33 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84" title="توربو باسكال – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توربو باسكال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%84%B0%EB%B3%B4_%ED%8C%8C%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC" title="터보 파스칼 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="터보 파스칼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95_%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%9C" title="טורבו פסקל – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טורבו פסקל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borland_Pascal" title="Borland Pascal – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Borland Pascal" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="டேர்போ பாசுகால் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டேர்போ பாசுகால்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Turbo Pascal" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q473201#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger 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th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.infrastruktur tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.ekstrabred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><table class="infobox infoboks fastbredde"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4"> Turbo Pascal </th></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Tilblivelse</th><td colspan="2"><span><a href="/wiki/20._november" title="20. november">20. november</a> <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a></span></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Programmeringsparadigme" title="Programmeringsparadigme">Paradigme</a></th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Objektorientert_programmering" title="Objektorientert programmering">Objektorientert programmering</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Programvaredesign" title="Programvaredesign">Designet av</a></th><td colspan="2"><span><span><a href="/wiki/Anders_Hejlsberg" title="Anders Hejlsberg">Anders Hejlsberg</a></span></span></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Programmerer" title="Programmerer">Utviklet av</a></th><td colspan="2"><span><span><a href="/wiki/Borland" title="Borland">Borland</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Anders_Hejlsberg" title="Anders Hejlsberg">Anders Hejlsberg</a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Filetternavn" title="Filetternavn">Filendelse(r)</a></th><td colspan="2">.COM, .CMD, .EXE</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Operativsystem" title="Operativsystem">OS</a></th><td colspan="2"><span><span><a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/CP/M-86" title="CP/M-86">CP/M-86</a></span>, <span>Windows 3.x</span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Klassisk_MacOS" title="Klassisk MacOS">Klassisk MacOS</a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lisens" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisens">Lisens</a></th><td colspan="2">Proprietær (historisk), <a href="/wiki/Freeware" title="Freeware">freeware</a></td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4">Implementert i</td></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="center"><a href="/wiki/Assembler" title="Assembler">Assembler</a></td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4">Påvirket av</td></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="center">Blue Label Pascal, Compas Pascal, Poly Pascal, <a href="/wiki/Modula-2" title="Modula-2">Modula-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simula" title="Simula">Simula 67</a></td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4">Innflytelse for</td></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="center">Borland <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Objekt_Pascal" class="mw-redirect" title="Objekt Pascal">Objekt Pascal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Free_Pascal" title="Free Pascal">Free Pascal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virtual_Pascal" title="Virtual Pascal">Virtual Pascal</a>, <a href="/wiki/GNU_Pascal" title="GNU Pascal">GNU Pascal</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Turbo Pascal</b> var et <a href="/wiki/Imperativ_programmering" title="Imperativ programmering">imperativt</a> og <a href="/wiki/Strukturert_programmering" title="Strukturert programmering">strukturert</a> <a href="/wiki/Programmeringsspr%C3%A5k" title="Programmeringsspråk">programmeringsspråk</a> som ble lansert av <a href="/wiki/Borland" title="Borland">Borland</a> den 20. november 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-TurboPascal1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TurboPascal1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turbo Pascal bestod av en <a href="/wiki/Kompilator" title="Kompilator">kompilator</a> for <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="Pascal (programmeringsspråk)">Pascal</a> og et <a href="/wiki/Integrert_utviklingsmilj%C3%B8" title="Integrert utviklingsmiljø">integrert utviklingsmiljø</a>, og var et innovativt og trendsettende produkt på begge områder. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Merkenavn" title="Merkenavn">Merkenavnet</a> <b>Turbo</b> betyr at <a href="/wiki/Eksekverbar_fil" title="Eksekverbar fil">eksekverbare filer</a> ble generert raskt, og ikke nødvendigvis at koden var optimal. Kompilering, <a href="/wiki/Laster_(informatikk)" title="Laster (informatikk)">lasting</a> og <a href="/wiki/Lenker_(informatikk)" title="Lenker (informatikk)">lenking</a> av <a href="/wiki/Objektfil" title="Objektfil">objektfiler</a> foregikk automatisk i én enkelt sekvens, mens disse oppgavene i tidligere versjoner av Pascal var blitt utført manuelt hver for seg. Borland benyttet samme konsept og merkenavn i <a href="/wiki/Turbo_C" title="Turbo C">Turbo C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turbo_C%2B%2B" title="Turbo C++">Turbo C++</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turbo_Modula-2" title="Turbo Modula-2">Turbo Modula-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turbo_Prolog" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbo Prolog">Turbo Prolog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turbo_Basic" title="Turbo Basic">Turbo Basic</a> og <a href="/wiki/Turbo_Assembler" title="Turbo Assembler">Turbo Assembler</a>. </p><p>Turbo Pascal var også en egen variant eller dialekt av Pascal, med flere utvidelser av syntaksen til <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="Pascal (programmeringsspråk)">ISO Pascal</a>. Versjon 4.0 tilføyde syntaks for generering av biblioteker («Units»), etter modell fra <a href="/wiki/Modula-2" title="Modula-2">Modula-2</a>. I versjon 5.5 ble språket utvidet med <a href="/wiki/Objektorientert_programmering" title="Objektorientert programmering">objektorientert programmering</a>. </p><p>Navnet <b>Borland Pascal</b> ble i versjon 7.0 brukt om en mer avansert programpakke. Den hadde flere biblioteker og ble lansert sammen med <a href="/wiki/Kildekode" title="Kildekode">kildekoden</a> til kompilatorens <a href="/wiki/Programvarebibliotek" class="mw-redirect" title="Programvarebibliotek">standardbiblioteker</a>. Den billigere grunnversjonen ble fortsatt solgt og markedsført som <b>Turbo Pascal</b>. </p><p>I 1995 var det slutt. Da besluttet Borland å erstatte Turbo Pascal med det visuelle utviklingsverktøyet <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a>. Det var basert på <i><a href="/wiki/Rapid_application_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Rapid application development">Rapid application development</a></i> og på det objektorienterte språket <a href="/wiki/Objekt_Pascal" class="mw-redirect" title="Objekt Pascal">Objekt Pascal</a>. Turbo Pascal har likevel historisk interesse. Dets syntaks levde videre i kompilatorer som <a href="/wiki/Free_Pascal" title="Free Pascal">Free Pascal</a><sup id="cite_ref-Free_Pascal_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Free_Pascal-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og <a href="/wiki/Virtual_Pascal" title="Virtual Pascal">Virtual Pascal</a>. Også <a href="/wiki/GNU_Pascal" title="GNU Pascal">GNU Pascal</a> støtter syntaksen i Turbo Pascal.<sup id="cite_ref-GNU_Pascal_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GNU_Pascal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_tre_første_versjonene"><span id="De_tre_f.C3.B8rste_versjonene"></span>De tre første versjonene</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: De tre første versjonene" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen De tre første versjonene"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Røttene_til_Turbo_Pascal"><span id="R.C3.B8ttene_til_Turbo_Pascal"></span>Røttene til Turbo Pascal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Røttene til Turbo Pascal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Røttene til Turbo Pascal"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Nascom_2_Computer_1981.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Nascom_2_Computer_1981.jpg/250px-Nascom_2_Computer_1981.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Nascom_2_Computer_1981.jpg/375px-Nascom_2_Computer_1981.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Nascom_2_Computer_1981.jpg/500px-Nascom_2_Computer_1981.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="651" /></a><figcaption>Datamaskinen <a href="/wiki/Nascom" title="Nascom">Nascom</a>-2</figcaption></figure> <p>Røttene til Turbo Pascal begynner i <a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">Danmark</a> i 1981. Programmereren <a href="/wiki/Anders_Hejlsberg" title="Anders Hejlsberg">Anders Hejlsberg</a> laget da <i>Blue Label Pascal</i> for en <a href="/wiki/Nascom" title="Nascom">Nascom</a>-2 datamaskin, forsynt med <a href="/wiki/8-biter" title="8-biter">8-biter</a> <a href="/wiki/Mikroprosessor" title="Mikroprosessor">mikroprosessoren</a> <a href="/wiki/Zilog_Z80" title="Zilog Z80">Zilog Z80A</a> og <a href="/wiki/Operativsystem" title="Operativsystem">operativsystemet</a> <a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a> 2.2.<sup id="cite_ref-Intersimone_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Intersimone-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BLS_Pascal_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLS_Pascal-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Anders_Hejlsberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Anders_Hejlsberg.jpg/250px-Anders_Hejlsberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Anders_Hejlsberg.jpg/375px-Anders_Hejlsberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Anders_Hejlsberg.jpg/500px-Anders_Hejlsberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1088" data-file-height="1484" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anders_Hejlsberg" title="Anders Hejlsberg">Anders Hejlsberg</a> laget forgjengerne til Turbo Pascal.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kompilatoren støttet det meste av spesifikasjonene til Pascal. Unntakene var brukerdefinerte datatyper, den abstrakte datatypen for <a href="/wiki/Sett_(abstrakt_datatype)" title="Sett (abstrakt datatype)">sett</a> (mengde) og <a href="/wiki/Datafil" title="Datafil">filtyper</a>. Heltall var 16 biter, mens desimaltall ble implementert med 11.5 signifikante siffer. Kompilatoren støttet også lenking til eksterne funksjoner og prosedyrer skrevet i <a href="/wiki/Maskinkode" title="Maskinkode">maskinkode</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Intersimone_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Intersimone-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BLS_Pascal_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLS_Pascal-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Systemet inkluderte en «Find»-kommando for å flytte fra en adresse i <a href="/wiki/Objektfil" title="Objektfil">objektkoden</a> til linjen med programtekst i <a href="/wiki/Kildekode" title="Kildekode">kildekoden</a>. Blue Label Pascal opptok 12 Kb, fordelt på kompilatoren (5,5 Kb), <a href="/wiki/Teksteditor" title="Teksteditor">teksteditoren</a> (1,5 Kb), <a href="/wiki/Programvarebibliotek" class="mw-redirect" title="Programvarebibliotek">biblioteksrutiner</a> (4,5 Kb) og et kontrollprogram (0,5 Kb), og var tilgjengelig på <a href="/w/index.php?title=Datakassett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Datakassett (ikke skrevet ennå)">kassett</a> eller <a href="/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM">EPROM</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Intersimone_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Intersimone-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BLS_Pascal_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLS_Pascal-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I 1982 omarbeidet Hejlsberg kompilatoren til å kjøre på CP/M og <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC">IBM PC</a> med operativsystemet <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a>. Den ble markedsført som <i>Compas Pascal</i> av hans danske selskap, <i>Poly-Data microcenter</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Intersimone_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Intersimone-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tredje versjon ble kalt <i>Poly Pascal</i>, og hadde et <a href="/wiki/Kommandolinje" title="Kommandolinje">kommandolinje</a>-grensesnitt. Kompilatoren ble lansert for CP/M-80, og var en komplett implementasjon av Pascal-spesifikasjonen til <a href="/wiki/Niklaus_Wirth" title="Niklaus Wirth">Niklaus Wirth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Intersimone_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Intersimone-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turbo_Pascal_1.0_(1983)"><span id="Turbo_Pascal_1.0_.281983.29"></span>Turbo Pascal 1.0 (1983)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Turbo Pascal 1.0 (1983)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Turbo Pascal 1.0 (1983)"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I 1983 ble kompilatoren solgt til <a href="/wiki/Borland" title="Borland">Borland</a>, og under <a href="/wiki/Phillipe_Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Phillipe Kahn">Phillipe Kahns</a> lederskap ble den 20. november 1983 lansert under <a href="/wiki/Merkenavn" title="Merkenavn">merkenavnet</a> <b>Turbo Pascal</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-TurboPascal1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TurboPascal1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Som en del av avtalen ble Hejlsberg en av de opprinnelige medlemmene av Borland, og i sin tid hos Borland videreutviklet han Turbo Pascal, og endte opp som hovedansvarlig for utviklingen av de tre første versjonene av <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TurboPascal1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TurboPascal1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Merkenavnet <b>Turbo</b> betyr at <a href="/wiki/Eksekverbar_fil" title="Eksekverbar fil">eksekverbare filer</a> ble generert raskt, og ikke nødvendigvis at koden var optimal. Kompilering, <a href="/wiki/Laster_(informatikk)" title="Laster (informatikk)">lasting</a> og <a href="/wiki/Lenker_(informatikk)" title="Lenker (informatikk)">lenking</a> av <a href="/wiki/Objektfil" title="Objektfil">objektfiler</a> foregikk automatisk i én enkelt sekvens, mens disse oppgavene i tidligere versjoner av Pascal var blitt utført manuelt hver for seg. For eksempel opererte <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Pascal" title="Microsoft Pascal">Microsoft Pascal</a> med kompilering i to forskjellige faser og en lenking til slutt. Dette tok flere minutter på systemer med bare <a href="/wiki/Diskett" title="Diskett">diskett</a> som sekundært lagringsmedium. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Philippe_Kahn_Fullpower_Camera_Phone_fullsize2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Philippe_Kahn_Fullpower_Camera_Phone_fullsize2.jpg/250px-Philippe_Kahn_Fullpower_Camera_Phone_fullsize2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Philippe_Kahn_Fullpower_Camera_Phone_fullsize2.jpg/375px-Philippe_Kahn_Fullpower_Camera_Phone_fullsize2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Philippe_Kahn_Fullpower_Camera_Phone_fullsize2.jpg/500px-Philippe_Kahn_Fullpower_Camera_Phone_fullsize2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Phillipe_Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Phillipe Kahn">Phillipe Kahn</a>, leder av Borland.</figcaption></figure> <p>Turbo Pascal ble lansert på én enkelt <a href="/wiki/Diskett" title="Diskett">diskett</a>, både i 8-toms og 5¼-toms utgaver.<sup id="cite_ref-TurboPascal1_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TurboPascal1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disketten inneholdt ti filer:<sup id="cite_ref-TurboPascal1_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TurboPascal1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>TURBO.COM - kompilatoren og teksteditoren</li> <li>TURBOMSG.OVR - feilmeldingsfil</li> <li>TINST.COM - det integrerte utviklingsmiljøet</li> <li>TINSTMSG.OVR - meldingsfil for TINST programmet</li> <li>TLIST.COM - programopplister</li> <li>ERROR.DOC - addendum til Turbo referansemanual</li> <li>CALC.PAS - MicroCalc (regneark)</li> <li>CALCMAIN.PAS - Demoprogrammer av hvordan man inkluderer filer</li> <li>CALC.HLP - Manual for MicroCalc</li> <li>CALCDEMO.MCS - Eksempler på bruk av regnearket</li></ul> <p>Totalt utgjorde filene en størrelse på 131 297 byte.<sup id="cite_ref-TurboPascal1_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TurboPascal1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Størrelsen på TURBO.COM var 33 280 byte.<sup id="cite_ref-TurboPascal1_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TurboPascal1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kompilerte programmer kunne også kjøres fra det integrerte utviklingsmiljøet, og teksteditoren benyttet de samme <a href="/wiki/Hurtigtast" title="Hurtigtast">hurtigtaster</a> som <a href="/wiki/Tekstbehandler" class="mw-redirect" title="Tekstbehandler">tekstbehandleren</a> <a href="/wiki/WordStar" title="WordStar">WordStar</a>. Det lille <a href="/wiki/Regneark" title="Regneark">regnearket</a> <i>MicroCalc</i> var et demoprogram som var skrevet i Turbo Pascal. Det overlevde under ulike navn helt til lanseringen av Delphi. </p><p>Turbo Pascal 1.0 ble lansert i utgaver for tre forskjellige operativsystemer: CP/M-80, <a href="/wiki/CP/M-86" title="CP/M-86">CP/M-86</a> og MS-DOS. CP/M-utgaven kunne benyttes på <a href="/wiki/DEC_Rainbow_100" title="DEC Rainbow 100">DEC Rainbow 100</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commodore_64" title="Commodore 64">Commodore 64</a> med et CP/M sidekort og på <a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a> med sidekortet <a href="/wiki/Z-80_SoftCard" title="Z-80 SoftCard">Z-80 SoftCard</a> som ble lansert av <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> i 1980. På denne tiden benyttet CP/M <a href="/wiki/Filnavnsuffiks" class="mw-redirect" title="Filnavnsuffiks">filnavnsuffikset</a> .COM, mens MS-DOS benyttet både .COM og .EXE. Turbo Pascal 1.0 genererte bare .COM filer. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Intel_8087.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Intel_8087.jpg/250px-Intel_8087.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Intel_8087.jpg/375px-Intel_8087.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Intel_8087.jpg/500px-Intel_8087.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2025" data-file-height="1350" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Koprosessor" title="Koprosessor">Koprosessoren</a> <a href="/wiki/Intel_8087" title="Intel 8087">Intel 8087</a>. Turbo Pascal hadde delvis (versjon 2.0) og full (versjon 3.0) støtte for dens instruksjonssett.</figcaption></figure> <p>Turbo Pascal diskettene manglet <a href="/wiki/Kopibeskyttelse" title="Kopibeskyttelse">kopibeskyttelse</a> og kom med en «boklisens»: <i>«Du kan behandle denne programvare nettopp som en bok ... den kan brukes av et hvilket som helst antall mennesker ... kan fritt flyttes fra en datamaskin til en annen, så lenge som der ikke er noen mulighet for at den brukes et sted samtidig som den brukes på et annet.»</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turbo Pascal kostet $49.95 og ble ekstrem populær. Borland solgte omkring 250 000 programpakker i de to første årene.<sup id="cite_ref-Webster_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webster-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turbo_Pascal_2.0_(1984)"><span id="Turbo_Pascal_2.0_.281984.29"></span>Turbo Pascal 2.0 (1984)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Turbo Pascal 2.0 (1984)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Turbo Pascal 2.0 (1984)"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Versjon 2.0 ble lansert 17. april 1984 på én enkelt 5¼-toms <a href="/wiki/Diskett" title="Diskett">diskett</a>. Den hadde delvis støtte for <a href="/wiki/Instruksjonssett" title="Instruksjonssett">instruksjonssettet</a> til <a href="/wiki/Koprosessor" title="Koprosessor">koprosessoren</a> <a href="/wiki/Intel_8087" title="Intel 8087">Intel 8087</a>. Denne versjonen støttet filnavnsuffiksene .COM og .CMD. </p><p>Brukergrensesnittet i teksteditoren var endret fra en gul-og-grå til en grå-og-hvit palett, og <i>Execute</i> var fjernet fra menykommandoen. Noen få endringer hadde funnet sted i kompilatoren, som økning i størrelsen på de eksekverbare filene. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turbo_Pascal_3.0_(1985)"><span id="Turbo_Pascal_3.0_.281985.29"></span>Turbo Pascal 3.0 (1985)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Turbo Pascal 3.0 (1985)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Turbo Pascal 3.0 (1985)"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Versjon 3.0 ble lansert den 17. april 1985, også på én enkelt 5¼-toms diskett.<sup id="cite_ref-Borland_1985_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borland_1985-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den var den første versjonen som fikk stor utbredelse. En mindre oppdatering, versjon 3.0.2, ble lansert 17. september 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-TurboPascal302_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TurboPascal302-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dette var den siste versjonen som kom i utgaver for CP/M. Systemkravene var CP/M versjon 2.2 eller høyere, og CP/M-86 versjon 1.1 eller høyere.<sup id="cite_ref-Borland_1985_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borland_1985-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> På CP/M kunne denne versjonen generere programmer som var større enn 64 kilobyte, ved å benytte <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Overlays_(programmering)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Overlays (programmering) (ikke skrevet ennå)">overlays</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Borland_1985_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borland_1985-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TurboPascal302_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TurboPascal302-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MS-DOS utgaven hadde full støtte hele instruksjonssettet til koprosessoren Intel 8087 gjennom et bibliotek.<sup id="cite_ref-Borland_1985_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borland_1985-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> På datamaskiner uten Intel 8087 benyttet Turbo Pascal 3.0 en emulator.<sup id="cite_ref-Borland_1985_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borland_1985-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den støttet også <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Binary-coded_decimal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binary-coded decimal (ikke skrevet ennå)">Binary-coded decimal</a></i> (BCD), som eliminerte avrundingsfeil.<sup id="cite_ref-Borland_1985_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borland_1985-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En rekke tilleggsprogrammer for Turbo Pascal 3 for MS-DOS kunne kjøpes separat: Opplæringsprogrammet <i>Turbo Tutor</i> (en 5¼-toms diskett) med programeksempler, tilleggsverktøy <i>Turbo Editor Toolbox</i> (to 5¼-toms disketter som ble lansert den 12. november 1985), biblioteksrutinene <i>Turbo Gameworks</i> for videospill, grafiske biblioteker i <i>Turbo Graphix</i> (deriblant <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skilpaddegrafikk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skilpaddegrafikk (ikke skrevet ennå)">skilpaddegrafikk</a> samt egne rutiner for farge, lyd, vinduer), databasen <i>Turbo Database</i> og de matematiske rutinene <i>Numerical Methods</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Borland_1985_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borland_1985-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turbo_Pascal_for_Macintosh_(1985)"><span id="Turbo_Pascal_for_Macintosh_.281985.29"></span>Turbo Pascal for Macintosh (1985)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Turbo Pascal for Macintosh (1985)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Turbo Pascal for Macintosh (1985)"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I 1985 lanserte Borland også Turbo Pascal for Macintosh. I likhet med de tre første versjonene for CP/M og MS-DOS, var den skrevet i kompakt <a href="/wiki/Assembler" title="Assembler">assembler</a> og hadde et svært avansert integrert utviklingsmiljø, etter datidens standarder. Den 5. november 1987 kom Borland med en oppdatering i versjon 1.1, som støttet 32-biter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Macintosh_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macintosh II (ikke skrevet ennå)">Macintosh II</a>. Produktet ble ingen kommersiell suksess, og Borland forkastet støtten til Macintosh etter kort tid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programeksempler">Programeksempler</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Programeksempler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Programeksempler"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hallo_verden">Hallo verden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Hallo verden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Hallo verden"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dette er det klassiske <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallo_verden_programmet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hallo verden programmet (ikke skrevet ennå)">Hallo verden programmet</a> i Turbo Pascal: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-pascal mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">program</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HalloVerden</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="k">begin</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">WriteLn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'Hallo Verden'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">end</span><span class="o">.</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fakultet">Fakultet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Fakultet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fakultet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Her benyttes datatypen <i>real</i> til å lagre <a href="/wiki/Fakultet_(matematikk)" title="Fakultet (matematikk)">fakultetverdier</a>. Kommandoen <i>writeln(f:-1:0)</i> skriver ut desimaltallet <i>f</i> med 0 siffer etter desimaltallet og venstrejusterer det. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-pascal mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">program</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fakultet</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="k">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">fak</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">integer</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">real</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="k">begin</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">then</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fak</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fak</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fak</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="k">end</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="k">var</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">integer</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="k">begin</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">do</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">writeln</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'! = '</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fak</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="k">end</span><span class="o">.</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fibonacci-tall">Fibonacci-tall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: Fibonacci-tall" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fibonacci-tall"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dette eksempelet viser en reursiv definisjon av <a href="/wiki/Fibonacci" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibonacci">Fibonacci</a>-tall. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-pascal mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">program</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fibonacci</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="k">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="kt">integer</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">integer</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="k">begin</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">then</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="k">end</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="k">var</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="kt">integer</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="k">begin</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">do</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">', '</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">writeln</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'...'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="k">end</span><span class="o">.</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kvadrat">Kvadrat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kvadrat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kvadrat"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dette programmet tegner et kvadrat: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-pascal mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">program</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Kvadrat</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="k">var</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">A</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="n">D</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">integer</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="k">begin</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'A = '</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">readln</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">then</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">begin</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">writeln</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'Ikke en kvadratisk ligning.'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">halt</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'B = '</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">readln</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'C = '</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">readln</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">D</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">B</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">D</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">then</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">begin</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">writeln</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'x = '</span><span class="o">,-</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mf">2.0</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">halt</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">D</span><span class="o">></span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">then</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">begin</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">writeln</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'x1 = '</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="nb">Sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">D</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mf">2.0</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">writeln</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'x2 = '</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">Sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">D</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mf">2.0</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">begin</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">writeln</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'x1 = ('</span><span class="o">,-</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mf">2.0</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="s">','</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="nb">Sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">D</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mf">2.0</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="s">')'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">writeln</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'x2 = ('</span><span class="o">,-</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mf">2.0</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="s">','</span><span class="o">,-</span><span class="nb">Sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">D</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mf">2.0</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="s">')'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="k">end</span><span class="o">.</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Påvirkninger_fra_Modula-2"><span id="P.C3.A5virkninger_fra_Modula-2"></span>Påvirkninger fra Modula-2</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Rediger avsnitt: Påvirkninger fra Modula-2" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&action=edit&section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Påvirkninger fra Modula-2"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turbo_Pascal_4.0_(1987)"><span id="Turbo_Pascal_4.0_.281987.29"></span>Turbo Pascal 4.0 (1987)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Rediger avsnitt: Turbo Pascal 4.0 (1987)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&action=edit&section=13" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Turbo Pascal 4.0 (1987)"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Versjon 4.0 ble lansert i <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>, og ble levert på én enkelt 5¼-toms diskett. I tillegg lanserte Borland oppdaterte utgaver av tilleggsprogrammene som tidligere hadde vært en opsjon i versjon 3.0. Kompilatoren genererte nå filer med filnavnsuffikset .EXE, i stedet for .COM. Versjon 4.0 fantes ikke i utgaver for CP/M og CP/M-86, men utelukkende for MS-DOS. </p><p>Denne versjonen innførte et vindus-lignende grensesnitt over hele skjermen med rullegardins-menyer, mens tidligere versjoner hadde en tekstbasert meny og en separat editor for hele skjermen. Det integrerte utviklingsmiljøet inneholdt også et hjelpesystem. </p><p>I versjon 4.0 utvidet Borland programmeringsspråket Pascal med syntaks for å kompilere biblioteker <i>(«Units»)</i>, etter modell fra programmeringsspråket <a href="/wiki/Modula-2" title="Modula-2">Modula-2</a>. I 1987 var Modula-2 i ferd med å erstatte Pascal som et pedagogisk språk for å lære studenter strukturert programmering. Borland hadde riktignok også lansert en <a href="/wiki/Turbo_Modula-2" title="Turbo Modula-2">Turbo Modula-2</a> kompilator for CP/M. I stedet for å lansere Turbo Modula-2 for MS-DOS, utvidet Borland syntaksen til Pascal med funksjonaliteten til Modula-2. Modulær kompilering var allerede tilgjengelig i <a href="/wiki/UCSD_Pascal" title="UCSD Pascal">UCSD Pascal</a> for 8-bit datamaskiner, og Turbo Pascal syntaksen for moduler <i>(«Units»)</i>, synes å ha blitt hentet fra UCSD Pascal.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turbo_Pascal_5.0_(1988)"><span id="Turbo_Pascal_5.0_.281988.29"></span>Turbo Pascal 5.0 (1988)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Rediger avsnitt: Turbo Pascal 5.0 (1988)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&action=edit&section=14" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Turbo Pascal 5.0 (1988)"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Versjon 5.0 ble lansert den <a href="/wiki/29._august" title="29. august">29. august</a> <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a> i to utgaver: Turbo Pascal 5.0 og Turbo Pascal Professional 5.0. Editorens blå bakgrunnsfarge ble et av varemerkene på Turbo Pascal. Turbo Pascal 5.0 hadde også det første integrerte utviklingsmiljøet med støtte for mus. </p><p>I versjon 5 ble det mulig å skrive <a href="/wiki/Assembler" title="Assembler">assembler</a>-kode direkte i Pascal-koden. En innebygd assembler oversatte disse programlinjene automatisk, uten behov for en ekstern assembler. </p><p>Den profesjonelle utgaven ble levert i fire 720 Kb disketter, som i tillegg inneholdt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Debugger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turbo Debugger (ikke skrevet ennå)">Turbo Debugger</a> 1.0, <a href="/wiki/Turbo_Assember" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbo Assember">Turbo Assember</a> 1.0, og fire manualer som alle hadde samme ISBN-nr.<sup id="cite_ref-Users_guide_5.x_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Users_guide_5.x-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reference_guide_5.x_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reference_guide_5.x-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Turbo_Assembler_User_guide_5.x_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turbo_Assembler_User_guide_5.x-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Turbo_Assembler_Reference_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turbo_Assembler_Reference-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Turbo_Debugger_5.x_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turbo_Debugger_5.x-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Turbo Debugger gjorde det mulig å avluse programmer trinn-for-trinn under utførelsen, inkludert de delene som måtte være skrevet i assembler, og brukeren kunne også se innholdet i variabler og registre. En ytelses-analysator gjorde det mulig å analysere de kompilerte programmenes ytelse, og i manualene var antall klokkepulser for de enkelte instruksjonene spesifisert. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Objektorientert_programmering">Objektorientert programmering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Rediger avsnitt: Objektorientert programmering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&action=edit&section=15" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Objektorientert programmering"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turbo_Pascal_5.5_(1989)"><span id="Turbo_Pascal_5.5_.281989.29"></span>Turbo Pascal 5.5 (1989)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Rediger avsnitt: Turbo Pascal 5.5 (1989)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&action=edit&section=16" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Turbo Pascal 5.5 (1989)"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Versjon 5.5 ble lansert den <a href="/wiki/2._mai" title="2. mai">2. mai</a> <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>. Den største nyheten var at syntaksen var utvidet med objekt-orientert programmering, et konsept som var hentet fra Apples <i>Object Pascal</i>. I stedet for å lansere et nytt objektorientert språk, ble et funksjonsorientert språk utvidet med støtte for objektorientering (liksom C++ er en utvidelse av C) og et rudimentært klasse-bibliotek. Versjon 5.5 kom i to utgaver: Turbo Pascal 5.5 og Turbo Pascal Professional 5.5, som inkluderte Turbo Assembler 1.0 og Turbo Debugger 1.5. </p><p>Det integrerte utviklingsmiljøet hadde et nytt <i>hypertext</i> hjelpesystem, og full støtte for «klipp-og-lim» funksjonalitet. Det fulgte også med en nytt, integrert opplærings-system i objektorientert programmering. </p><p>Kompilatoren kunne kompilere 34,000 linjer i minuttet, og hadde full støtte for ko-prosessorene Intel 8087, 80287 og <a href="/wiki/Intel_80387" title="Intel 80387">Intel 80387</a>. Det fulgte også med en forbedret linker og <i>overlay manager</i>. </p><p>Grunnpakken ble levert sammen med tre manualer,<sup id="cite_ref-Users_guide_5.x_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Users_guide_5.x-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reference_guide_5.x_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reference_guide_5.x-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mens den profesjonelle utgaven inneholdt ytterligere tre manualer for assembleren og avluseren.<sup id="cite_ref-Turbo_Assembler_User_guide_5.x_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turbo_Assembler_User_guide_5.x-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Turbo_Assembler_Reference_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turbo_Assembler_Reference-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Turbo_Debugger_5.x_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turbo_Debugger_5.x-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turbo_Pascal_6.0_(1990)"><span id="Turbo_Pascal_6.0_.281990.29"></span>Turbo Pascal 6.0 (1990)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Rediger avsnitt: Turbo Pascal 6.0 (1990)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&action=edit&section=17" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Turbo Pascal 6.0 (1990)"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Versjon 6.0 ble lansert i <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>, og inneholdt klasse-biblioteket <i>Turbo Vision</i>, som gjorde det mulig å realisere Windows-lignende brukergrensesnitt i tekstmodus. <i>Turbo Vision</i> gjorde det mulig å utvikle grensesnitt med flere overlappende dokumenter i samme vindu, med støtte for mus. Det integrerte utviklingsmiljøet var i seg selv Windows-lignende, og utviklet med <i>Turbo Vision</i>. </p><p>Kommandlinje-kompilatoren var i stand til å utnytte <a href="/wiki/Intel_80386#Arkitektur" title="Intel 80386">80386 beskyttet modus</a> på <a href="/wiki/Intel_80386" title="Intel 80386">Intel 80386</a> og <a href="/wiki/Intel_80486" title="Intel 80486">Intel 80486</a>; med en <a href="/wiki/DOS-utvider" title="DOS-utvider">DOS-utvider</a> kunne derfor kompilatoren generere programmer som var større enn den tradisjonelle 640-kb grensen i <a href="/wiki/Reell_modus" title="Reell modus">reell modus</a>. </p><p>I den profesjonelle utgaven fulgte <i>Turbo Profiler</i> med. Dette var et program som målte ytelsen ved genererte programmer, og som kunne avdekke «flaskehalser» inne i prosedyrer, <i>overlays</i>, avbruddshåndtering og filhåndtering. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turbo_Pascal_for_Windows_1.0_(1991)"><span id="Turbo_Pascal_for_Windows_1.0_.281991.29"></span>Turbo Pascal for Windows 1.0 (1991)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Rediger avsnitt: Turbo Pascal for Windows 1.0 (1991)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&action=edit&section=18" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Turbo Pascal for Windows 1.0 (1991)"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Denne versjonen ble lansert den <a href="/wiki/13._mars" title="13. mars">13. mars</a> <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> og var eksplisitt utviklet for <a href="/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0">Windows 3.0</a>. Kompilatoren ble levert sammen med biblioteksrutiner som inneholdt <a href="/wiki/API_(programmering)" class="mw-redirect" title="API (programmering)">API</a>-kallene i Windows 3.0. Utviklingsverktøyet inneholdt også et <i>ressurs-verktøy</i> <i>(resource toolkit)</i> og en debugger i tekst-modus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turbo_Pascal_for_Windows_1.5_(1992)"><span id="Turbo_Pascal_for_Windows_1.5_.281992.29"></span>Turbo Pascal for Windows 1.5 (1992)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Rediger avsnitt: Turbo Pascal for Windows 1.5 (1992)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&action=edit&section=19" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Turbo Pascal for Windows 1.5 (1992)"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Denne versjonen ble lansert i <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>, og hadde full støtte for alle API-kallene i <a href="/wiki/Windows_3.1x" title="Windows 3.1x">Windows 3.1x</a>, deriblant det nye tegnsettet og det nye hjelpesystemet i Windows. Editoren støttet utheving av syntaks <i>(syntax highlighting)</i> og et forbedret <i>ressurs-verktøy</i> <i>(resource toolkit)</i> var innebygd i det intregrerte utviklingsmiljøet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turbo_Pascal_7.0_(1992)"><span id="Turbo_Pascal_7.0_.281992.29"></span>Turbo Pascal 7.0 (1992)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Rediger avsnitt: Turbo Pascal 7.0 (1992)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&action=edit&section=20" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Turbo Pascal 7.0 (1992)"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turbo Pascal 7.0 ble lansert i <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>, og var siste versjon. Versjon 7.0 bestod hovedsakelig av oppdaterte versjoner av Turbo Pascal og Turbo Pascal for Windows, solgt som ét produkt sammen med andre oppdaterte utviklingsverktøy. Programpakken hadde utvidet støtte for API-kall i <a href="/wiki/Windows_3.1x" title="Windows 3.1x">Windows 3.1x</a>, støttet <a href="/w/index.php?title=DOS_Protected_Mode_Interface&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DOS Protected Mode Interface (ikke skrevet ennå)">DOS Protected Mode Interface</a> i <a href="/wiki/DOS-utvider" title="DOS-utvider">utvidet DOS</a>, og hadde utheving av syntaks <i>(syntax highlighting)</i> i både MS-DOS og Windows-versjonen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&action=edit&section=21" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-TurboPascal1-1"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-TurboPascal1_1-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TurboPascal1_1-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TurboPascal1_1-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TurboPascal1_1-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TurboPascal1_1-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TurboPascal1_1-5"><sup>f</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TurboPascal1_1-6"><sup>g</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#TurboPascal1">Intersimone 2002</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Free_Pascal-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Free_Pascal_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#FreePascal">Free Pascal 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GNU_Pascal-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GNU_Pascal_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#GNUPascal">GNU Pascal 2005</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Intersimone-4"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Intersimone_4-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Intersimone_4-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Intersimone_4-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Intersimone_4-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Intersimone_4-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Intersimone">Intersimone 2008</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BLS_Pascal-5"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-BLS_Pascal_5-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BLS_Pascal_5-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BLS_Pascal_5-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#BLSPascal">BLS Pascal 1981</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/group/borland.public.delphi.non-technical/browse_thread/thread/7433f5dfc5165ba9/01ed3e6eb347ac4b?lnk=st&q=borland+license+&pli=1">Google Groups</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Webster-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Webster_7-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Webster">Webster 1985</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Borland_1985-8"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Borland_1985_8-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borland_1985_8-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borland_1985_8-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borland_1985_8-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borland_1985_8-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borland_1985_8-5"><sup>f</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borland_1985_8-6"><sup>g</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Borland3">Borland 1985</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TurboPascal302-9"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-TurboPascal302_9-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TurboPascal302_9-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#TurboPascal302">Intersimone 2002 b</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://miller.emu.id.au/pmiller/ucsd-psystem-um/reconstruct/03-03-02-linkage.html">UCSD Pascal System II.0 User Manual Reconstruction – Version I.5, 3.3.2. Linkage to Externally Compiled and Assembled Routines, september 1978</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070903053837/http://miller.emu.id.au/pmiller/ucsd-psystem-um/reconstruct/03-03-02-linkage.html">Arkivert</a> 3. september 2007 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Users_guide_5.x-11"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Users_guide_5.x_11-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Users_guide_5.x_11-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">User's Guide, PART# 11MN-PAS01-50 BOR 0867, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0875242014" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-87524-201-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reference_guide_5.x-12"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Reference_guide_5.x_12-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reference_guide_5.x_12-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Reference Guide, PART# 11MN-PAS02-50 BOR 0866, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0875242014" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-87524-201-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turbo_Assembler_User_guide_5.x-13"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Turbo_Assembler_User_guide_5.x_13-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turbo_Assembler_User_guide_5.x_13-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Turbo Assembler User's Guide, PART# 15MN-ASD01-10 BOR 0851, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0875242014" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-87524-201-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turbo_Assembler_Reference-14"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Turbo_Assembler_Reference_14-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turbo_Assembler_Reference_14-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Turbo Assembler Reference Guide, PART# 15MN-ASD02-10 BOR 0852, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0875242014" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-87524-201-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turbo_Debugger_5.x-15"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Turbo_Debugger_5.x_15-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turbo_Debugger_5.x_15-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Turbo Debugger User's Guide, PART# 15MN-ASD03-10 BOR 0847, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0875242014" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-87524-201-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">OOP Guide, PART# 11MN-PAS03-55 BOR 1309</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbo_Pascal&action=edit&section=22" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="Borland3" class="citation book">Borland (1985). <i>Turbo Pascal, Version 3.0: Reference Manual</i>. Scotts Valley, California, 17. april 1985. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/978-0875240039" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/978-0875240039">978-0875240039</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATurbo+Pascal&rft.au=Borland&rft.btitle=Turbo+Pascal%2C+Version+3.0%3A+Reference+Manual&rft.date=1985&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0875240039&rft.pub=Scotts+Valley%2C+California%2C+17.+april+1985&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="FreePascal" class="citation book">Free Pascal (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiki.freepascal.org/Free_Pascal"><i>Free Pascal wiki</i></a>. Free Pascal wiki, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATurbo+Pascal&rft.au=Free+Pascal&rft.btitle=Free+Pascal+wiki&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Free+Pascal+wiki%2C+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwiki.freepascal.org%2FFree_Pascal&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="GNUPascal" class="citation book">GNU Project (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gnu-pascal.de/gpc/h-about.html#lang"><i>Language standards supported by GNU Pascal</i></a>. GNU Pascal's hjemmeside, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATurbo+Pascal&rft.au=GNU+Project&rft.btitle=Language+standards+supported+by+GNU+Pascal&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=GNU+Pascal%27s+hjemmeside%2C+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnu-pascal.de%2Fgpc%2Fh-about.html%23lang&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="Intersimone" class="citation book">Intersimone, David (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304221955/http://blogs.embarcadero.com/davidi/2008/11/02/38933"><i>Blue Label Software Pascal -> Compas Pascal -> Poly Pascal -> Turbo Pascal v1.0]</i></a>. Sip from the Firehose, David I's (Intersimone) Embarcadero blog about programming, languages, databases, history and more, 2. november 2008. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.embarcadero.com/davidi/2008/11/02/38933">originalen</a> 4. mars 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 3. august 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATurbo+Pascal&rft.au=Intersimone%2C+David&rft.btitle=Blue+Label+Software+Pascal+-%3E+Compas+Pascal+-%3E+Poly+Pascal+-%3E+Turbo+Pascal+v1.0%5D&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Sip+from+the+Firehose%2C+David+I%27s+%28Intersimone%29+Embarcadero+blog+about+programming%2C+languages%2C+databases%2C+history+and+more%2C+2.+november+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.embarcadero.com%2Fdavidi%2F2008%2F11%2F02%2F38933&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="TurboPascal1" class="citation book">Intersimone, David (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101221211755/http://edn.embarcadero.com/article/20693"><i>Antique Software: Turbo Pascal v1.0</i></a>. Embarcadero Developer Network, 1. februar 2002. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edn.embarcadero.com/article/20693">originalen</a> 21. desember 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 4. august 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATurbo+Pascal&rft.au=Intersimone%2C+David&rft.btitle=Antique+Software%3A+Turbo+Pascal+v1.0&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Embarcadero+Developer+Network%2C+1.+februar+2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedn.embarcadero.com%2Farticle%2F20693&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="TurboPascal302" class="citation book">Intersimone, David (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101124092418/http://edn.embarcadero.com/article/20792"><i>Antique Software: Turbo Pascal v3.02</i></a>. Embarcadero Developer Network, 21. februar 2002. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edn.embarcadero.com/article/20792">originalen</a> 24. november 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 6. august 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATurbo+Pascal&rft.au=Intersimone%2C+David&rft.btitle=Antique+Software%3A+Turbo+Pascal+v3.02&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Embarcadero+Developer+Network%2C+21.+februar+2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedn.embarcadero.com%2Farticle%2F20792&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="Complete5" class="citation book">O'Brien, Stephen K. (1988). <i>Turbo Pascal 5: Advanced Programmer`s Guide</i>. Osborne McGraw-Hill, Berkeley, California, 1. januar 1988. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/978-0078814204" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/978-0078814204">978-0078814204</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATurbo+Pascal&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Stephen+K.&rft.btitle=Turbo+Pascal+5%3A+Advanced+Programmer%60s+Guide&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0078814204&rft.pub=Osborne+McGraw-Hill%2C+Berkeley%2C+California%2C+1.+januar+1988&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="Complete" class="citation book">O'Brien, Stephen K. (1988). <i>Turbo Pascal: The Complete Reference</i>. Osborne McGraw-Hill, Berkeley, California, 1. juni 1988. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0-07-881290-9,_ISBN_978-0078812903" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/0-07-881290-9, ISBN 978-0078812903">0-07-881290-9, ISBN 978-0078812903</a><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Sjekk <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|isbn=</code>-verdien: invalid character (<a href="/wiki/Hjelp:CS1-feil#bad_isbn" title="Hjelp:CS1-feil">hjelp</a>)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATurbo+Pascal&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Stephen+K.&rft.btitle=Turbo+Pascal%3A+The+Complete+Reference&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-07-881290-9978-0078812903&rft.pub=Osborne+McGraw-Hill%2C+Berkeley%2C+California%2C+1.+juni+1988&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="Complete55" class="citation book">O'Brien, Stephen K. (1989). <i>Turbo Pascal 5.5 ®: The Complete Reference</i>. Osborne McGraw-Hill, Berkeley, California, 1. juni 1989. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/978-0078815010" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/978-0078815010">978-0078815010</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATurbo+Pascal&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Stephen+K.&rft.btitle=Turbo+Pascal+5.5+%C2%AE%3A+The+Complete+Reference&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0078815010&rft.pub=Osborne+McGraw-Hill%2C+Berkeley%2C+California%2C+1.+juni+1989&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="Complete6" class="citation book">O'Brien, Stephen K. (1991). <i>Turbo Pascal 6: The Complete Reference</i>. Osborne McGraw-Hill, Berkeley, California, 1. januar 1991. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/978-0078817038" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/978-0078817038">978-0078817038</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATurbo+Pascal&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Stephen+K.&rft.btitle=Turbo+Pascal+6%3A+The+Complete+Reference&rft.date=1991&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0078817038&rft.pub=Osborne+McGraw-Hill%2C+Berkeley%2C+California%2C+1.+januar+1991&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="Complete7" class="citation book">O'Brien, Stephen K.; Nameroff, Steve (1993). <i>Turbo Pascal 7: The Complete Reference</i>. Osborne McGraw-Hill, Berkeley, California, mars 1993. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/978-0078817939" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/978-0078817939">978-0078817939</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATurbo+Pascal&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Stephen+K.%3B+Nameroff%2C+Steve&rft.btitle=Turbo+Pascal+7%3A+The+Complete+Reference&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0078817939&rft.pub=Osborne+McGraw-Hill%2C+Berkeley%2C+California%2C+mars+1993&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1-vedlikehold: Flere navn: forfatterliste (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold:_Flere_navn:_forfatterliste" title="Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold: Flere navn: forfatterliste">link</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="BLSPascal" class="citation book">Polydata microsenter (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nascomhomepage.com/pdf/BLSPAS.PDF"><i>BLS Pascal User Manual</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 1981.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATurbo+Pascal&rft.au=Polydata+microsenter&rft.btitle=BLS+Pascal+User+Manual&rft.date=1981&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=1981&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nascomhomepage.com%2Fpdf%2FBLSPAS.PDF&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="Savitsch88" class="citation book">Savitch, Walter J. (1988). <i>Turbo Pascal. An Introduction to the Art and Science of Programming</i>. 2. reviderte utgave, The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., University of California, San Diego, 1. september 1988. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/978-0805383966" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/978-0805383966">978-0805383966</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATurbo+Pascal&rft.au=Savitch%2C+Walter+J.&rft.btitle=Turbo+Pascal.+An+Introduction+to+the+Art+and+Science+of+Programming&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0805383966&rft.pub=2.+reviderte+utgave%2C+The+Benjamin%2FCummings+Publishing+Company%2C+Inc.%2C+University+of+California%2C+San+Diego%2C+1.+september+1988&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="Webster" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Webster,_Bruce_F.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Webster, Bruce F. (ikke skrevet ennå)">Webster, Bruce F.</a> (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1985-08/1985_08_BYTE_10-08_Declarative_Languages#page/n361/mode/2up"><i>Greetings and Agitations</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Byte_(magasin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Byte (magasin) (ikke skrevet ennå)">BYTE</a>, s. 355, august 1985.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATurbo+Pascal&rft.au=Webster%2C+Bruce+F.&rft.btitle=Greetings+and+Agitations&rft.date=1985&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=BYTE%2C+s.+355%2C+august+1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbyte-magazine-1985-08%2F1985_08_BYTE_10-08_Declarative_Languages%23page%2Fn361%2Fmode%2F2up&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output 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