CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html dir='ltr' lang='en'> <head> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="goNxSUnRYuO0ee7+O/YGtwBG531oLRnxyqiCSM5f2HSnhZlkHCSguDAF4OOeurLdYB6EXbCJjBnLwm+arpUKFw==" /> <meta content='text/html; charset=UTF-8' http-equiv='Content-Type'> <meta content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1' name='viewport'> <title> Brown Bear - Encyclopedia of Life </title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/button.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/dimmer.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/header.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/icon.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/image.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/input.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/label.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/loader.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/list.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/menu.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/dropdown.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/search.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/segment.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/statistic.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/sticky.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.3/components/transition.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/packs/css/stylesheets/application-1f29efcb.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/packs/css/stylesheets/pages-cbd884b9.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/assets/jqcloud-f0639a0b65fbc9997c3a768b99fe8ee5611ffee32d1cf23083b63ee861bcc602.css" /> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.12.4.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous" integrity="sha256-ZosEbRLbNQzLpnKIkEdrPv7lOy9C27hHQ+Xp8a4MxAQ=" defer="defer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/corejs-typeahead/1.2.0/typeahead.bundle.min.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/uikit/3.1.6/js/uikit.min.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/uikit/3.1.6/js/uikit-icons.min.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.1/components/api.min.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.1/components/search.min.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.1/components/sticky.min.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.1/components/dimmer.min.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.1/components/dropdown.min.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/semantic-ui/2.3.1/components/transition.min.js" defer="defer"></script> <script> I18n = {}; I18n.defaultLocale = "en" I18n.locale = "en" </script> <script src="/packs/js/runtime-138760ce02a10efbb84f.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="/packs/js/8915-b1697b29d0a6b6d6bf9f.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="/packs/js/application-431428328720eaf3316c.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="/packs/js/557-405f6f20a4cdaac6abbf.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="/packs/js/1015-864bc1a5a7c54b81ba9f.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="/packs/js/3775-3b6c31954b1a172e635a.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="/packs/js/pages-f2cf14372528ffc4d50c.js" defer="defer"></script> <script async src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-3298646-10'></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-3298646-10'); </script>  <script> window.webtrendsAsyncInit=function(){ var dcs=new Webtrends.dcs().init({ dcsid:"dcsg0chobadzpxfga2extd7pb_7c2s", domain:"logs1.smithsonian.museum", timezone:-5, i18n:true, fpcdom:".eol.org", plugins:{ } }).track(); }; (function(){ var s=document.createElement("script"); s.async=true; s.src="https://www.si.edu/sites/all/modules/si_webtrends/js/webtrends.min.js"; var s2=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s2.parentNode.insertBefore(s,s2); }()); </script> <noscript> <img alt='dcsimg' height='1' id='dcsimg' src='//logs1.smithsonian.museum/dcsg0chobadzpxfga2extd7pb_7c2s/njs.gif?dcsuri=/nojavascript&amp;WT.js=No&amp;WT.tv=10.4.23&amp;dcssip=www.eol.org' width='1'> </noscript>  <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="8DpxuSWeLHjI0ZbPbX5AG7YFwzoYZBlw1XUQXn2L777VPJmUcGvuI0ytmNLIMvRx1l2gGsDAjJjUH/2MHUE93Q==" /> </head> <body> <div id='mobile-menu' uk-offcanvas='overlay: true; flip: true'> <div class='uk-offcanvas-bar'> <ul class='uk-nav'> <li><a href="/docs/what-is-eol">About</a></li> <li><a href="http://education.eol.org">Education</a></li> <li><a href="http://discuss.eol.org">Discuss</a></li> <li><a href="/traitbank">TraitBank</a></li> <li><a href="/users/sign_in">Sign In</a></li> <li><a href="/users/sign_up">Sign Up</a></li> <li class='uk-nav-header'>Language</li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=de">Deutsch</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=en">English</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=es">Español</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=fr">français</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=it">italiano</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=nl">Nederlands</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=pms">Piemontèis</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=pt-BR">Português do Brasil</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=fi">suomi</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=tr">Türkçe</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=cs">Čeština</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=el">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=mk">македонски</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=uk">Українська</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=ar">العربية</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=zh-CN">简体中文</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=zh-TW">繁體中文</a></li> <li class='uk-nav-header'>names in breadcrumbs</li> <li> <form class="js-bread-type-toggle" action="/breadcrumb_type" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="3ArLxr/6EgW7V3JpMblhCJxMbV9nWnad4ml8gdjdhc3Y0fivw4W70K3g6VwxTxPRsLdb+AOHSwVV/VT0sorUJA==" autocomplete="off" /> <select name="type" id="type"><option selected="selected" value="0">vernacular</option> <option value="1">scientific</option></select> </form> </li> </ul> <div class='uk-offcanvas-close' uk-close></div> </div> </div> <div class='l-nav js-navbar'> <div class='nav-left'> <div class='nav-item nav-menu-anchor uk-visible@s'> <a class="nav-logo" href="/"><img alt="EOL" src="/assets/blue_logo-5c5dbb19100961ce1612fdb8fc090b944f11a79066a7163558d3ba52ecb36746.png" /></a> <span> </span> <i class='fa fa-chevron-down'></i> </div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click; pos: bottom-left; offset: 0'> <ul class='uk-nav uk-dropdown-nav uk-nav-primary'> <li><a href="/docs/what-is-eol">About</a></li> <li><a href="http://education.eol.org">Education</a></li> <li><a href="http://discuss.eol.org">Discuss</a></li> <li><a href="/traitbank">TraitBank</a></li> <li><a href="/users/sign_in">Sign In</a></li> <li><a href="/users/sign_up">Sign Up</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class='nav-item nav-menu-anchor uk-visible@s'> <i class='fa fa-globe'></i>   en   <i class='fa fa-chevron-down'></i> </div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click; pos: bottom-left; offset: 0'> <ul class='uk-nav uk-dropdown-nav'> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=de">Deutsch</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=en">English</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=es">Español</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=fr">français</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=it">italiano</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=nl">Nederlands</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=pms">Piemontèis</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=pt-BR">Português do Brasil</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=fi">suomi</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=tr">Türkçe</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=cs">Čeština</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=el">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=mk">македонски</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=uk">Українська</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=ar">العربية</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=zh-CN">简体中文</a></li> <li><a href="/set_locale?set_locale=zh-TW">繁體中文</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class='nav-item nav-menu-anchor uk-hidden@s'> <a class="nav-logo" href="/"><img alt="EOL" src="/assets/blue_logo-5c5dbb19100961ce1612fdb8fc090b944f11a79066a7163558d3ba52ecb36746.png" /></a> </div> <div class='nav-item nav-menu-anchor uk-visible@s'> <i class='fa fa-cog'></i> <i class='fa fa-chevron-down'></i> </div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click; pos: bottom-left; offset: 0'> <div class='uk-nav uk-dropdown-nav uk-nav-primary'> <div class='uk-nav-header'>names in breadcrumbs</div> <form class="js-bread-type-toggle" action="/breadcrumb_type" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="h0a8zCck9Of3BFy/mj+EC07I1VY8E7ckg7ifciDkQQWDnY+lW1tdMuGzx4qayfbSYjPj8VjOirw0LLcHSrMQ7A==" autocomplete="off" /> <div class='uk-grid-small uk-child-width-auto uk-grid'> <label> <input type="radio" name="type" id="type_0" value="0" class="uk-radio" checked="checked" /> vernacular </label> <label> <input type="radio" name="type" id="type_1" value="1" class="uk-radio" /> scientific </label> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <form class="nav-search-form" action="/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /> <input type="text" name="q" id="q" class="nav-search js-nav-search" data-no-results-text="<strong>No confirmed results</strong><br />Hit Enter to see uncurated results" autocomplete="off" /> <i class='fa fa-search fa-lg nav-item nav-search-icon'></i> </form> <div class='nav-right nav-item nav-menu-anchor nav-menu-anchor-bars uk-hidden@s' uk-toggle='#mobile-menu'> <i class='fa fa-bars'></i> </div> </div> <img class="print-logo" src="/assets/print_logo-d9be0e683b5dbbd007c371799af3aeb9d7444008a39bd56c9e383ce79312350c.png" /> <div class='l-basic-main'> <div class='l-tabs'> <div class='l-page-head'> <img class="head-icon" alt="Image of Brown Bear" src="https://content.eol.org/data/media/be/25/4a/30.008b86df37832319485cfa684dff4f34.130x130.jpg" /> <div class='head-txt'> <div class='hier js-hier-summary'><a href="/pages/2913056">Life</a> » <span class="a js-show-full-hier">…</span> » <a href="/pages/1">Animals</a> » <span class="a js-show-full-hier">…</span> » <a href="/pages/2774383">Vertebrates</a> » <span class="a js-show-full-hier">…</span> » <a href="/pages/3014447">Synapsids</a> » <span class="a js-show-full-hier">…</span> » <a href="/pages/4528578">Cynodonts</a> » <a href="/pages/1642">Mammals</a> » <span class="a js-show-full-hier">…</span> » <a href="/pages/7662">Carnivores</a> » <span class="a js-show-full-hier">…</span> » <a href="/pages/7664">Bears</a> » <span class="a js-show-full-hier">…</span></div> <div class='hier is-hidden js-hier-full'><a href="/pages/2913056">Life</a> » <a href="/pages/6061725">Cellular</a> » <a href="/pages/2908256">Eukaryotes</a> » <a href="/pages/2910700">Opisthokonts</a> » <a href="/pages/1">Animals</a> » <a href="/pages/3014411">Bilateria</a> » <a href="/pages/8814528">Deuterostomes</a> » <a href="/pages/694">Chordates</a> » <a href="/pages/2774383">Vertebrates</a> » <a href="/pages/46557929">Jawed Fish</a> » <a href="/pages/2775704">Osteichthyes</a> » <a href="/pages/8909">Lobe Finned Fishes</a> » <a href="/pages/46557930">Terrestrial Vertebrates</a> » <a href="/pages/3014446">Amniota</a> » <a href="/pages/3014447">Synapsids</a> » <a href="/pages/4522847">Therapsid</a> » <a href="/pages/4528578">Cynodonts</a> » <a href="/pages/1642">Mammals</a> » <a href="/pages/47048248">Therians</a> » <a href="/pages/47048864">Eutherian</a> » <a href="/pages/42399417">Placental</a> » <a href="/pages/32005829">Boreoeutheria</a> » <a href="/pages/40103843">Laurasiatheria</a> » <a href="/pages/42399419">Scrotifera</a> » <a href="/pages/7662">Carnivores</a> » <a href="/pages/46559118">Caniformia</a> » <a href="/pages/7664">Bears</a> » <a href="/pages/46559142">Ursus</a> <span class="a js-show-summary-hier">«</span></div> <div class='names-wrapper'> <div class='names'> <h1>Brown Bear</h1> <h2>Ursus arctos Linnaeus 1758</h2> </div> <div class='uk-position-top-right names-buttons'> <button class='ui labeled small icon basic button'> <i class='plus icon'></i> <a href="/users/sign_in">collect</a> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <ul class='tabs'> <li class='tab is-tab-selected'> <a href="/pages/328581">overview</a> </li> <li class='tab '> <a href="/pages/328581/data">data</a> </li> <li class='tab '> <a href="/pages/328581/media">media</a> </li> <li class='tab '> <a href="/pages/328581/articles">articles</a> </li> <li class='tab '> <a href="/pages/328581/maps">maps</a> </li> <li class='tab '> <a href="/pages/328581/names">names</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class='l-content'> <a class="hero-link" href="/media/15272654"><div class='hero hero-before'> <img src="https://content.eol.org/data/media/be/25/4a/30.008b86df37832319485cfa684dff4f34.jpg" /> <div class='img-info'> <i class='copyright icon'></i> David Blank   cc-by-nc-sa-3.0 </div> </div> </a> <div class='l-flex'> <div class='l-left-col'> <div class='desc'> <p>Ursus arctos (Brown Bear) is a species of <a href="/pages/1642">mammals</a> in the family <a href="/pages/7664">bears</a>. They are listed as <span class="a term-info-a" id="brief-summary-toggle-0">extinct</span> by COSEWIC and in <span class="a term-info-a" id="brief-summary-toggle-1">cites appendix i</span>. They are native to <span class="a term-info-a" id="brief-summary-toggle-2">The Nearctic</span> and <span class="a term-info-a" id="brief-summary-toggle-3">the Palearctic</span>. They are <span class="a term-info-a" id="brief-summary-toggle-5">solitary</span>, <span class="a term-info-a" id="brief-summary-toggle-6">crepuscular</span> <span class="a term-info-a" id="brief-summary-toggle-4">omnivores</span>. Individuals are known to live for 600 months and can grow to 1484.07 mm. They have parental care (<span class="a term-info-a" id="brief-summary-toggle-7">female provides care</span>). They rely on <span class="a term-info-a" id="brief-summary-toggle-8">running</span> to move around.</p> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click; toggle: #brief-summary-toggle-0'> <ul class='desc-meta'> <li><strong>URI:</strong> <a href="http://eol.org/schema/terms/extinct">http://eol.org/schema/terms/extinct</a></li> <li><strong>Definition:</strong> A taxon is Extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. A \r\ntaxon is presumed Extinct when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, \r\nat appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed \r\nto record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form.</li> <li><strong>Source:</strong> <a href='https://species-registry.canada.ca/index-en.html#/species'>https://species-registry.canada.ca/index-en.html#/species</a></li> </ul> <a href="/terms/search_results?tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bot%5D=792&tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bp%5D=500&tq%5Br%5D=record">show all records</a> </div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click; toggle: #brief-summary-toggle-1'> <ul class='desc-meta'> <li><strong>URI:</strong> <a href="http://eol.org/schema/terms/CITES_I">http://eol.org/schema/terms/CITES_I</a></li> <li><strong>Definition:</strong> Appendix I lists species that are the most endangered among CITES-listed animals and plants. They are threatened with extinction and CITES prohibits international trade in specimens of these species except when the purpose of the import is not commercial, for instance for scientific research. In these exceptional cases, trade may take place provided it is authorized by the granting of both an import permit and an export permit (or re-export certificate). Article VII of the Convention provides for a number of exemptions to this general prohibition.</li> <li><strong>Source:</strong> <a href='https://www.speciesplus.net/#/taxon_concepts/9829/legal'>https://www.speciesplus.net/#/taxon_concepts/9829/legal</a></li> </ul> <a href="/terms/search_results?tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bot%5D=430&tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bp%5D=500&tq%5Br%5D=record">show all records</a> </div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click; toggle: #brief-summary-toggle-2'> <ul class='desc-meta'> <li><strong>URI:</strong> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q737742">https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q737742</a></li> <li><strong>Definition:</strong> one of the eight terrestrial ecozones constituting the Earth's land surface</li> <li><strong>Attribution:</strong> <a href='https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ecozone_Nearctic.svg'>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ecozone_Nearctic.svg</a></li> </ul> <a href="/terms/search_results?tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bot%5D=2504&tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bp%5D=1648&tq%5Br%5D=record">show all records</a> </div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click; toggle: #brief-summary-toggle-3'> <ul class='desc-meta'> <li><strong>URI:</strong> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q106447">https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q106447</a></li> <li><strong>Definition:</strong> largest of the eight ecozones constituting the Earth's surface</li> <li><strong>Attribution:</strong> <a href='https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Palearctic.png'>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Palearctic.png</a></li> </ul> <a href="/terms/search_results?tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bot%5D=1815&tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bp%5D=1648&tq%5Br%5D=record">show all records</a> </div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click; toggle: #brief-summary-toggle-4'> <ul class='desc-meta'> <li><strong>URI:</strong> <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q164509">http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q164509</a></li> <li><strong>Definition:</strong> organism consuming a variety of foods, usually including both plants and animals</li> </ul> <a href="/terms/search_results?tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bot%5D=1767&tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bp%5D=2563&tq%5Br%5D=record">show all records</a> </div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click; toggle: #brief-summary-toggle-5'> <ul class='desc-meta'> <li><strong>URI:</strong> <a href="http://eol.org/schema/terms/solitary">http://eol.org/schema/terms/solitary</a></li> <li><strong>Definition:</strong> Solitary animals are those that spend a majority of their lives without others of their species, with possible exceptions for mating and raising their young. Antonyms for a solitary animal include a social animal or a colonial animal.</li> <li><strong>Attribution:</strong> <a href='https://www.definitions.net/definition/solitary+animal'>https://www.definitions.net/definition/solitary+animal</a></li> </ul> <a href="/terms/search_results?tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bot%5D=2319&tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bp%5D=2312&tq%5Br%5D=record">show all records</a> </div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click; toggle: #brief-summary-toggle-6'> <ul class='desc-meta'> <li><strong>URI:</strong> <a href="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ECOCORE_00000078">http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ECOCORE_00000078</a></li> <li><strong>Definition:</strong> active primarily during dawn and dusk</li> </ul> <a href="/terms/search_results?tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bot%5D=546&tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bp%5D=212&tq%5Br%5D=record">show all records</a> </div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click; toggle: #brief-summary-toggle-7'> <ul class='desc-meta'> <li><strong>URI:</strong> <a href="http://eol.org/schema/terms/parentalCareFemale">http://eol.org/schema/terms/parentalCareFemale</a></li> <li><strong>Definition:</strong> the female feeds and nurtures offspring</li> <li><strong>Attribution:</strong> <a href='Richard M. Sibly, Christopher C. Witt, Natalie A. Wright, Chris Venditti, Walter Jetz, and James H. Brown. 2012. Energetics, lifestyle, and reproduction in birds. PNAS 109(27):10937-10941, doi:10.1073/pnas.1206512109'>Richard M. Sibly, Christopher C. Witt, Natalie A. Wright, Chris Venditti, Walter Jetz, and James H. Brown. 2012. Energetics, lifestyle, and reproduction in birds. PNAS 109(27):10937-10941, doi:10.1073/pnas.1206512109</a></li> </ul> <a href="/terms/search_results?tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bot%5D=6263&tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bp%5D=1837&tq%5Br%5D=record">show all records</a> </div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click; toggle: #brief-summary-toggle-8'> <ul class='desc-meta'> <li><strong>URI:</strong> <a href="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NBO_0000055">http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NBO_0000055</a></li> <li><strong>Definition:</strong> The act of locomoting on limbs with body off the ground such that periodically none of the limbs are touching the ground.</li> </ul> <a href="/terms/search_results?tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bot%5D=2137&tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bp%5D=1357&tq%5Br%5D=record">show all records</a> </div> <p>EOL has data for <a href="/pages/328581/data">71 attributes</a>, including:</p> </div> <ul class='sample-traits'> <li> <div> <div class='sample-trait-key a'>age at eye opening</div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click'> <ul class='desc-meta'> <li><strong>URI:</strong> <a href="http://eol.org/schema/terms/AgeAtEyeOpening">http://eol.org/schema/terms/AgeAtEyeOpening</a></li> <li><strong>Definition:</strong> Age at which both eyes are fully open after birth.</li> <li><strong>Comment:</strong> Add to VT postnatal growth trait ontology</li> <li><strong>Attribution:</strong> <a href='Kate E. Jones, Jon Bielby, Marcel Cardillo, Susanne A. Fritz, Justin O''Dell, C. David L. Orme, Kamran Safi, Wes Sechrest, Elizabeth H. Boakes, Chris Carbone, Christina Connolly, Michael J. Cutts, Janine K. Foster, Richard Grenyer, Michael Habib, Christopher A. Plaster, Samantha A. Price, Elizabeth A. Rigby, Janna Rist, Amber Teacher, Olaf R. P. Bininda-Emonds, John L. Gittleman, Georgina M. Mace, and Andy Purvis. 2009. PanTHERIA, a species-level database of life history, ecology, and geography of extant and recently extinct mammals. Ecology 90:2648. http://esapubs.org/archive/ecol/E090/184/'>Kate E. Jones, Jon Bielby, Marcel Cardillo, Susanne A. Fritz, Justin O''Dell, C. David L. Orme, Kamran Safi, Wes Sechrest, Elizabeth H. Boakes, Chris Carbone, Christina Connolly, Michael J. Cutts, Janine K. Foster, Richard Grenyer, Michael Habib, Christopher A. Plaster, Samantha A. Price, Elizabeth A. Rigby, Janna Rist, Amber Teacher, Olaf R. P. Bininda-Emonds, John L. Gittleman, Georgina M. Mace, and Andy Purvis. 2009. PanTHERIA, a species-level database of life history, ecology, and geography of extant and recently extinct mammals. Ecology 90:2648. http://esapubs.org/archive/ecol/E090/184/</a></li> </ul> <a href="/terms/search_results?tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bp%5D=39&tq%5Br%5D=record">show all records</a> </div> </div> <div> <div class='sample-trait-val'>31.82 days</div> </div> </li> <li> <div> <div class='sample-trait-key a'>age at maturity</div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click'> <ul class='desc-meta'> <li><strong>URI:</strong> <a href="http://eol.org/schema/terms/AgeAtMaturity">http://eol.org/schema/terms/AgeAtMaturity</a></li> <li><strong>Definition:</strong> Age at the first successful reproduction.</li> </ul> <a href="/terms/search_results?tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bp%5D=42&tq%5Br%5D=record">show all records</a> </div> </div> <div> <div class='sample-trait-val'>1460 days</div> </div> </li> <li> <div> <div class='sample-trait-key a'>body shape</div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click'> <ul class='desc-meta'> <li><strong>URI:</strong> <a href="http://eol.org/schema/terms/BodyShape">http://eol.org/schema/terms/BodyShape</a></li> </ul> <a href="/terms/search_results?tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bp%5D=262&tq%5Br%5D=record">show all records</a> </div> </div> <div> <div class='sample-trait-val a'>bilaterally symmetric</div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click'> <ul class='desc-meta'> <li><strong>URI:</strong> <a href="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001324">http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001324</a></li> <li><strong>Definition:</strong> being symmetric about a plane running from frontal end to caudal end (head to tail), and having nearly identical right and left halves</li> </ul> <a href="/terms/search_results?tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bot%5D=8222&tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bp%5D=262&tq%5Br%5D=record">show all records</a> </div> </div> </li> <li> <div> <div class='sample-trait-key a'>diet breadth</div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click'> <ul class='desc-meta'> <li><strong>URI:</strong> <a href="http://eol.org/schema/terms/DietBreadth">http://eol.org/schema/terms/DietBreadth</a></li> <li><strong>Definition:</strong> Number of dietary categories eaten by an organism.</li> </ul> <a href="/terms/search_results?tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bp%5D=621&tq%5Br%5D=record">show all records</a> </div> </div> <div> <div class='sample-trait-val'>6</div> </div> </li> <li> <div> <div class='sample-trait-key a'>diet includes</div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click'> <ul class='desc-meta'> <li><strong>URI:</strong> <a href="http://eol.org/schema/terms/Diet">http://eol.org/schema/terms/Diet</a></li> <li><strong>Definition:</strong> Information about the items eaten by this organism.</li> </ul> <a href="/terms/search_results?tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bp%5D=622&tq%5Br%5D=record">show all records</a> </div> </div> <div> <div class='sample-trait-val a'>bryophyte</div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click'> <ul class='desc-meta'> <li><strong>URI:</strong> <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q29993">http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q29993</a></li> <li><strong>Definition:</strong> terrestrial plants that lack vascular tissue</li> </ul> <a href="/terms/search_results?tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bot%5D=291&tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bp%5D=622&tq%5Br%5D=record">show all records</a> </div> </div> </li> <li> <div> <div class='sample-trait-key a'>dispersal age</div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click'> <ul class='desc-meta'> <li><strong>URI:</strong> <a href="http://eol.org/schema/terms/DispersalAge">http://eol.org/schema/terms/DispersalAge</a></li> <li><strong>Definition:</strong> Age at which young permanently leave the parent, parental group, social group or any associated territories.</li> </ul> <a href="/terms/search_results?tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bp%5D=632&tq%5Br%5D=record">show all records</a> </div> </div> <div> <div class='sample-trait-val'>912.49 days</div> </div> </li> <li> <div> <div class='sample-trait-key a'>ecomorphological guild</div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click'> <ul class='desc-meta'> <li><strong>URI:</strong> <a href="http://eol.org/schema/terms/EcomorphologicalGuild">http://eol.org/schema/terms/EcomorphologicalGuild</a></li> <li><strong>Definition:</strong> organisms that share certain morphological traits due to adaptation to similar environments and ecological roles</li> </ul> <a href="/terms/search_results?tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bp%5D=700&tq%5Br%5D=record">show all records</a> </div> </div> <div> <div class='sample-trait-val a'>fossorial and/or ground dwelling</div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click'> <ul class='desc-meta'> <li><strong>URI:</strong> <a href="http://eol.org/schema/terms/fossorialOrGround">http://eol.org/schema/terms/fossorialOrGround</a></li> <li><strong>Definition:</strong> An organism that is adapted to terrestrial life below ground, on or near the ground. </li> </ul> <a href="/terms/search_results?tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bot%5D=885&tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bp%5D=700&tq%5Br%5D=record">show all records</a> </div> </div> </li> <li> <div> <div class='sample-trait-key a'>geographic range (size of area)</div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click'> <ul class='desc-meta'> <li><strong>URI:</strong> <a href="http://eol.org/schema/terms/GeographicRangeArea">http://eol.org/schema/terms/GeographicRangeArea</a></li> <li><strong>Definition:</strong> The total extent of the geographic range of an organism.</li> </ul> <a href="/terms/search_results?tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bp%5D=942&tq%5Br%5D=record">show all records</a> </div> </div> <div> <div class='sample-trait-val'>23972321.42 km^2</div> </div> </li> <li> <div> <div class='sample-trait-key a'>habitat breadth</div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click'> <ul class='desc-meta'> <li><strong>URI:</strong> <a href="http://eol.org/schema/terms/HabitatBreadth">http://eol.org/schema/terms/HabitatBreadth</a></li> <li><strong>Definition:</strong> Number of habitat layers used by an organism</li> </ul> <a href="/terms/search_results?tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bp%5D=1004&tq%5Br%5D=record">show all records</a> </div> </div> <div> <div class='sample-trait-val'>1</div> </div> </li> <li> <div> <div class='sample-trait-key a'>home range</div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click'> <ul class='desc-meta'> <li><strong>URI:</strong> <a href="http://eol.org/schema/terms/HomeRange">http://eol.org/schema/terms/HomeRange</a></li> <li><strong>Definition:</strong> Size of the area within which everyday activities of individuals or groups (of any type) are typically restricted.</li> <li><strong>Attribution:</strong> <a href='Kate E. Jones, Jon Bielby, Marcel Cardillo, Susanne A. Fritz, Justin O'Dell, C. David L. Orme, Kamran Safi, Wes Sechrest, Elizabeth H. Boakes, Chris Carbone, Christina Connolly, Michael J. Cutts, Janine K. Foster, Richard Grenyer, Michael Habib, Christopher A. Plaster, Samantha A. Price, Elizabeth A. Rigby, Janna Rist, Amber Teacher, Olaf R. P. Bininda-Emonds, John L. Gittleman, Georgina M. Mace, and Andy Purvis. 2009. PanTHERIA: a species-level database of life history, ecology, and geography of extant and recently extinct mammals. Ecology 90:2648. http://esapubs.org/archive/ecol/E090/184/'>Kate E. Jones, Jon Bielby, Marcel Cardillo, Susanne A. Fritz, Justin O'Dell, C. David L. Orme, Kamran Safi, Wes Sechrest, Elizabeth H. Boakes, Chris Carbone, Christina Connolly, Michael J. Cutts, Janine K. Foster, Richard Grenyer, Michael Habib, Christopher A. Plaster, Samantha A. Price, Elizabeth A. Rigby, Janna Rist, Amber Teacher, Olaf R. P. Bininda-Emonds, John L. Gittleman, Georgina M. Mace, and Andy Purvis. 2009. PanTHERIA: a species-level database of life history, ecology, and geography of extant and recently extinct mammals. Ecology 90:2648. http://esapubs.org/archive/ecol/E090/184/</a></li> </ul> <a href="/terms/search_results?tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bp%5D=1084&tq%5Br%5D=record">show all records</a> </div> </div> <div> <div class='sample-trait-val'>310.81 km^2</div> </div> </li> <li> <div> <div class='sample-trait-key a'>inter-birth interval</div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click'> <ul class='desc-meta'> <li><strong>URI:</strong> <a href="http://eol.org/schema/terms/InterBirthInterval">http://eol.org/schema/terms/InterBirthInterval</a></li> <li><strong>Definition:</strong> The length of time between successive births of a female.</li> </ul> <a href="/terms/search_results?tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bp%5D=1167&tq%5Br%5D=record">show all records</a> </div> </div> <div> <div class='sample-trait-val'>852 days</div> </div> </li> <li> <div> <div class='sample-trait-key a'>litters per year</div> <div uk-dropdown='mode: click'> <ul class='desc-meta'> <li><strong>URI:</strong> <a href="http://eol.org/schema/terms/LittersPerYear">http://eol.org/schema/terms/LittersPerYear</a></li> <li><strong>Definition:</strong> Number of litters per female per year</li> </ul> <a href="/terms/search_results?tq%5Bf%5D%5B0%5D%5Bp%5D=1347&tq%5Br%5D=record">show all records</a> </div> </div> <div> <div class='sample-trait-val'>0.36</div> </div> </li> </ul> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/assets/leaflet-0c7c49ff6cef60703f21846c767458278dc2e5a07b6df4416a14a9ee18fd8764.css" /> <div class='map-contain-overview-section'> <div class='map-contain map-contain-overview'> <div class='map' data-icon-path='/assets/maps/pin24-d17b03d0a7bd19160afaf9201eac240d5c79b6181ea425ebf09355f73099e856.png' data-icon-retina-path='/assets/maps/pin48-dc733efea4bd3e7cb7d10c3faf5e670f9e5833f09ef9433045fc1a9dd67d9948.png' data-map-data-path='/data/map_data_dwca/81/328581.json' id='map'></div> <div class='uk-text-meta map-caption'>Known occurrences, collected specimens and observations of Brown Bear. <a href='https://gbif.org/species/2433433'>View this species on GBIF <i class='fa fa-external-link'></i></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='l-right-col'> <a class="hero-link" href="/media/15272654"><div class='hero hero-after'> <img src="https://content.eol.org/data/media/be/25/4a/30.008b86df37832319485cfa684dff4f34.jpg" /> <div class='img-info'> <i class='copyright icon'></i> David Blank   cc-by-nc-sa-3.0 </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class='l-overview-full'> <div class='trophic-web-contain-overview js-trophic-web-remote-contain' data-load-path='/pages/328581/trophic_web'> <div class='uk-flex uk-flex-center js-spinner'> <div class='spinner' uk-position='center' uk-spinner></div> </div> </div> <div class='page-children'> <h4>Brown Bear includes <a href="/pages/328581/names">16 children</a>:</h4> <ul class='page-child-list'> <li> <a href="/pages/1265560">Ursus arctos alascensis Merriam 1896</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pages/1226247">Ursus arctos arctos Linnaeus 1758 (Brown bear)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pages/1273537">Ursus arctos beringianus Middendorff 1851 (Kamchatka brown bear)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pages/1267908">Ursus arctos californicus Merriam 1896 (California Grizzly)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pages/1227667">Ursus arctos collaris F. G. Cuvier 1824 (East Siberian brown bear)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pages/1227665">Ursus arctos crowtheri Schinz 1844 (Atlas bear)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pages/1228436">Ursus arctos dalli Merriam 1896</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pages/1227671">Ursus arctos gyas Merriam 1902</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pages/1241477">Ursus arctos horribilis Ord 1815 (grizzly bear)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pages/1240163">Ursus arctos isabellinus Horsfield 1826 (Himalayan brown bear)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pages/1266082">Ursus arctos lasiotus Gray 1867 (Ussuri brown bear)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pages/1266086">Ursus arctos middendorffi Merriam 1896</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pages/1241476">Ursus arctos pruinosus Blyth 1854 (Tibetan blue bear)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pages/1266085">Ursus arctos sitkensis Merriam 1896</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pages/1275772">Ursus arctos stikeenensis Merriam 1914</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pages/1265559">Ursus arctos syriacus Hemprich & Ehrenberg 1828 (Syrian brown bear)</a> </li> <a href="/pages/328581/names">see more</a> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='footer'> <ul class='footer-section footer-section-eol-info'> <li><a href="/docs/what-is-eol">What is EOL?</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/what-is-eol/whats-new">What's New?</a></li> <li><a href="http://discuss.eol.org">The EOL Forum</a></li> <li><a href="https://education.eol.org">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/what-is-eol/citing-eol-and-eol-content">Citing EOL</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/what-is-eol/terms-of-use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/what-is-eol/data-services">Data Services</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/food-webs">Food Webs</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/what-is-eol/language-support">Language Support</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/what-is-eol/donate">Donate</a></li> <li><a href="http://discuss.eol.org/t/contact-us-at-eol/181">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> <ul class='footer-section footer-section-discover'> <li><a href="/docs/discover/animals">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/mammals">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/birds">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/amphibians">Amphibians</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/reptiles">Reptiles</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/fishes">Fishes</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/invertebrates">Invertebrates</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/crustaceans">Crustaceans</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/mollusks">Mollusks</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/insects">Insects</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/spiders">Spiders</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/worms">Worms</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/plants">Plants</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/flowering-plants">Flowering Plants</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/trees">Trees</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/fungi">Fungi</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/mushrooms">Mushrooms</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/molds">Molds</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/bacteria">Bacteria</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/algae">Algae</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/protists-or-protozoa">Protists</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/archaea">Archaea</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/discover/viruses">Viruses</a></li> </ul> <div class='footer-section footer-section-nmnh'> <a href="https://naturalhistory.si.edu/research/eol"><div class='nmnh-header'>EOL is hosted by:</div> <img class="nmnh-logo" src="/assets/nmnh_logo_bw-72cc01336737d61fba9c8c5cda8e2f549bd19ae44f2b0568a236f378761d53b3.png" /> </a></div> </div> </body> </html>