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class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Data_model" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_model"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Data model</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_model-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vector_display_hardware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vector_display_hardware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vector display hardware</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vector_display_hardware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-File_formats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#File_formats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>File formats</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-File_formats-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle File formats subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-File_formats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Conversion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conversion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Conversion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conversion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-To_raster" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#To_raster"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>To raster</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-To_raster-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_raster" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_raster"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>From raster</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_raster-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Printing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Printing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Printing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Printing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Operation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vector_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vector_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vector operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vector_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vector_image_repositories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vector_image_repositories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vector image repositories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vector_image_repositories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vector graphics</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="رسوميات متجهية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رسوميات متجهية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obyekt-y%C3%B6nl%C3%BC_qrafika" title="Obyekt-yönlü qrafika – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Obyekt-yönlü qrafika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="ভেক্টর গ্রাফিক্স – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভেক্টর গ্রাফিক্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Вектарная графіка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вектарная графіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Вэктарная графіка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вэктарная графіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Векторна графика – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Векторна графика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorska_grafika" title="Vektorska grafika – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vektorska grafika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A0fic_vectorial" title="Gràfic vectorial – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gràfic vectorial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorov%C3%A1_grafika" title="Vektorová grafika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vektorová grafika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorgrafik" title="Vektorgrafik – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vektorgrafik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorgrafik" title="Vektorgrafik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vektorgrafik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorgraafika" title="Vektorgraafika – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vektorgraafika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A1fico_vectorial" title="Gráfico vectorial – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gráfico vectorial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektora_bildo" title="Vektora bildo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vektora bildo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irudi_bektorial" title="Irudi bektorial – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Irudi bektorial" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="گرافیک برداری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گرافیک برداری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_vectorielle" title="Image vectorielle – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Image vectorielle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A1fico_vectorial" title="Gráfico vectorial – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gráfico vectorial" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A1%ED%84%B0_%EA%B7%B8%EB%9E%98%ED%94%BD%EC%8A%A4" title="벡터 그래픽스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="벡터 그래픽스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafiko_vektorala" title="Grafiko vektorala – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Grafiko vektorala" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambar_vektor" title="Gambar vektor – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gambar vektor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigurmynd" title="Vigurmynd – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vigurmynd" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafica_vettoriale" title="Grafica vettoriale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grafica vettoriale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="גרפיקה וקטורית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרפיקה וקטורית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ვექტორული გამოსახულება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვექტორული გამოსახულება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorgrafika" title="Vektorgrafika – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vektorgrafika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorgrafika" title="Vektorgrafika – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vektorgrafika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Векторска графика – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Векторска графика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="فيكتور – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيكتور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafik_vektor" title="Grafik vektor – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Grafik vektor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vectorafbeelding" title="Vectorafbeelding – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vectorafbeelding" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="भेक्टर चित्रण – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भेक्टर चित्रण" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F" title="ベクター画像 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベクター画像" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorgrafikk" title="Vektorgrafikk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vektorgrafikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Графике информацийым векторло кодлымаш – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Графике информацийым векторло кодлымаш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafika_wektorowa" title="Grafika wektorowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grafika wektorowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desenho_vetorial" title="Desenho vetorial – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Desenho vetorial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafic%C4%83_vectorial%C4%83" title="Grafică vectorială – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Grafică vectorială" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Векторная графика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Векторная графика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vector graphics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorov%C3%A1_grafika" title="Vektorová grafika – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vektorová grafika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorska_grafika" title="Vektorska grafika – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vektorska grafika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Векторска графика – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Векторска графика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorska_grafika" title="Vektorska grafika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vektorska grafika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorigrafiikka" title="Vektorigrafiikka – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vektorigrafiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorgrafik" title="Vektorgrafik – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vektorgrafik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapikong_bektor" title="Grapikong bektor – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Grapikong bektor" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vekt%C3%B6rel_grafik" title="Vektörel grafik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vektörel grafik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Векторна графіка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Векторна графіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="ویکٹر گرافکس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویکٹر گرافکس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93_h%E1%BB%8Da_vector" title="Đồ họa vector – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đồ họa vector" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%91%E9%87%8F%E5%9C%96%E5%83%8F" title="向量圖像 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="向量圖像" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%A2%E9%87%8F%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2" 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							cdx-fr-css-icon--close"></span></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">latest accepted revision</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=Special:Badtitle/Message">reviewed</a> on <i>10 November 2024</i>.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Computer graphics images defined by points, lines and curves</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about computer illustration. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Vector graphics (disambiguation)">Vector graphics (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bitmap_VS_SVG.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Bitmap_VS_SVG.svg/290px-Bitmap_VS_SVG.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Bitmap_VS_SVG.svg/435px-Bitmap_VS_SVG.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Bitmap_VS_SVG.svg/580px-Bitmap_VS_SVG.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="327" /></a><figcaption>Example showing comparison of vector graphics and <a href="/wiki/Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics">raster graphics</a> upon <a href="/wiki/Magnification" title="Magnification">magnification</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Vector graphics</b> are a form of <a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">computer graphics</a> in which visual images are created directly from <a href="/wiki/Geometric_primitive" title="Geometric primitive">geometric shapes</a> defined on a <a href="/wiki/Cartesian_coordinate_system" title="Cartesian coordinate system">Cartesian plane</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Point_(geometry)" title="Point (geometry)">points</a>, <a href="/wiki/Line_segment" title="Line segment">lines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curve" title="Curve">curves</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polygon" title="Polygon">polygons</a>. The associated mechanisms may include vector display and printing <i>hardware</i>, vector <i>data models</i> and file formats, as well as the <i>software</i> based on these data models (especially <a href="/wiki/Graphic_art_software" title="Graphic art software">graphic design software</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">computer-aided design</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Geographic_information_system" title="Geographic information system">geographic information systems</a>). Vector graphics are an alternative to <a href="/wiki/Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics">raster</a> or bitmap graphics, with each having advantages and disadvantages in specific situations.<sup id="cite_ref-ChapmanChapman2002_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChapmanChapman2002-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While vector hardware has largely disappeared in favor of raster-based monitors and printers,<sup id="cite_ref-Kaufman1993_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaufman1993-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> vector data and software continue to be widely used, especially when a high degree of geometric precision is required, and when complex information can be decomposed into simple geometric primitives. Thus, it is the preferred model for domains such as <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surveying" title="Surveying">surveying</a>, <a href="/wiki/3D_rendering" title="3D rendering">3D rendering</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">typography</a>, but is entirely inappropriate<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> for applications such as <a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">photography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Remote_sensing" title="Remote sensing">remote sensing</a>, where raster is more effective and efficient. Some application domains, such as geographic information systems (GIS) and <a href="/wiki/Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">graphic design</a>, use both vector and raster graphics at times, depending on purpose. </p><p>Vector graphics are based on the mathematics of <a href="/wiki/Analytic_geometry" title="Analytic geometry">analytic or coordinate geometry</a>, and is not related to other mathematical uses of the term <a href="/wiki/Euclidean_vector" title="Euclidean vector">vector</a>. This can lead to some confusion in disciplines in which both meanings are used. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Data_model">Data model</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vector_graphics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Data model"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geometric_primitive" title="Geometric primitive">Geometric primitive</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Logical_schema" title="Logical schema">logical data model</a> of vector graphics is based on the mathematics of <a href="/wiki/Analytic_geometry" title="Analytic geometry">coordinate geometry</a>, in which shapes are defined as a set of points in a two- or three-dimensional <a href="/wiki/Cartesian_coordinate_system" title="Cartesian coordinate system">cartesian coordinate system</a>, as <i>p</i> = (<i>x, y</i>) or <i>p</i> = (<i>x, y, z</i>). Because almost all shapes consist of an infinite number of points, the vector model defines a limited set of <a href="/wiki/Geometric_primitive" title="Geometric primitive">geometric primitives</a> that can be specified using a finite sample of salient points called <a href="/wiki/Vertex_(computer_graphics)" title="Vertex (computer graphics)">vertices</a>. For example, a square can be unambiguously defined by the locations of three of its four corners, from which the software can <a href="/wiki/Interpolation" title="Interpolation">interpolate</a> the connecting boundary lines and the interior space. Because it is a regular shape, a square could also be defined by the location of one corner, a size (width=height), and a rotation angle. </p><p>The fundamental geometric primitives are: </p> <ul><li>A single <a href="/wiki/Point_(geometry)" title="Point (geometry)">point</a>.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Line_segment" title="Line segment">line segment</a>, defined by two end points, allowing for a simple <a href="/wiki/Linear_interpolation" title="Linear interpolation">linear interpolation</a> of the intervening line.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Polygonal_chain" title="Polygonal chain">polygonal chain</a> or polyline, a connected set of line segments, defined by an ordered list of points.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Polygon" title="Polygon">polygon</a>, representing a region of space, defined by its boundary, a polyline with coincident starting and ending vertices.</li></ul> <p>A variety of more complex shapes may be supported: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parametric_equation" title="Parametric equation">Parametric curves</a>, in which polylines or polygons are augmented with parameters to define a non-linear interpolation between vertices, including <a href="/wiki/Circular_arc" title="Circular arc">circular arcs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cubic_Hermite_spline" title="Cubic Hermite spline">cubic splines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catmull%E2%80%93Rom_spline" class="mw-redirect" title="Catmull–Rom spline">Catmull–Rom splines</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9zier_curve" title="Bézier curve">Bézier curves</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bezigon" class="mw-redirect" title="Bezigon">bezigons</a>.</li> <li>Standard parametric shapes in two or three dimensions, such as <a href="/wiki/Circle" title="Circle">circles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ellipse" title="Ellipse">ellipses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Square" title="Square">squares</a>, <a href="/wiki/Superellipse" title="Superellipse">superellipses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sphere" title="Sphere">spheres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tetrahedron" title="Tetrahedron">tetrahedrons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Superellipsoid" title="Superellipsoid">superellipsoids</a>, etc.</li> <li>Irregular three-dimensional surfaces and solids, are usually defined as a connected set of polygons (e.g., a <a href="/wiki/Polygon_mesh" title="Polygon mesh">polygon mesh</a>) or as parametric surfaces (e.g., <a href="/wiki/NURBS" class="mw-redirect" title="NURBS">NURBS</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fractal" title="Fractal">Fractals</a>, often defined as an <a href="/wiki/Iterated_function_system" title="Iterated function system">iterated function system</a>.</li></ul> <p>In many vector datasets, each shape can be combined with a set of properties. The most common are visual characteristics, such as color, line weight, or dash pattern. In systems in which shapes represent real-world features, such as GIS and BIM, a variety of attributes of each represented feature can be stored, such as name, age, size, and so on.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some Vector data, especially in GIS, information about <a href="/wiki/Geospatial_topology" title="Geospatial topology">topological relationships</a> between objects may be represented in the data model, such as tracking the connections between road segments in a <a href="/wiki/Transport_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport network">transport network</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bolstad_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bolstad-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If a dataset stored in one vector file format is converted to another file format that supports all the primitive objects used in that particular image, then the conversion can be lossless. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vector_display_hardware">Vector display hardware</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vector_graphics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Vector display hardware"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Vector_monitor" title="Vector monitor">Vector monitor</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Rocks_(game).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Space_Rocks_%28game%29.jpg/220px-Space_Rocks_%28game%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Space_Rocks_%28game%29.jpg/330px-Space_Rocks_%28game%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Space_Rocks_%28game%29.jpg/440px-Space_Rocks_%28game%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2183" data-file-height="2058" /></a><figcaption>A free software <i><a href="/wiki/Asteroids_(game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteroids (game)">Asteroids</a></i>-like video game played on a <a href="/wiki/Vector_monitor" title="Vector monitor">vector monitor</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Vector-based devices, such as the vector CRT and the <a href="/wiki/Plotter" title="Plotter">pen plotter</a>, directly control a drawing mechanism to produce geometric shapes. Since vector display devices can define a line by dealing with just two points (that is, the coordinates of each end of the line), the device can reduce the total amount of data it must deal with by organizing the image in terms of pairs of points.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMurray200281–83_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurray200281–83-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vector graphic displays were first used in 1958 by the <a href="/wiki/Semi_Automatic_Ground_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi Automatic Ground Environment">US SAGE air defense system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vector graphics systems were retired from the U.S. en route <a href="/wiki/Air_traffic_control" title="Air traffic control">air traffic control</a> in 1999.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Vector graphics were also used on the <a href="/wiki/TX-2" title="TX-2">TX-2</a> at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Laboratory">Lincoln Laboratory</a> by computer graphics pioneer <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">Ivan Sutherland</a> to run his program <a href="/wiki/Sketchpad" title="Sketchpad">Sketchpad</a> in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequent vector graphics systems, most of which iterated through dynamically modifiable stored lists of drawing instructions, include the <a href="/wiki/IBM_2250" title="IBM 2250">IBM 2250</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imlac_PDS-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Imlac PDS-1">Imlac PDS-1</a>, and <a href="/wiki/DEC_GT40" title="DEC GT40">DEC GT40</a>. There was a video game console that used vector graphics called <a href="/wiki/Vectrex" title="Vectrex">Vectrex</a> as well as various <a href="/wiki/Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">arcade games</a> like <i><a href="/wiki/Asteroids_(video_game)" title="Asteroids (video game)">Asteroids</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Wars" title="Space Wars">Space Wars</a>,</i> <a href="/wiki/Tempest_(video_game)" title="Tempest (video game)"><i>Tempest</i></a> and many cinematronics titles such as <i><a href="/wiki/Rip-Off" class="mw-redirect" title="Rip-Off">Rip Off</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Tail_Gunner" title="Tail Gunner">Tail Gunner</a></i> using <a href="/wiki/Vector_monitor" title="Vector monitor">vector monitors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Storage scope displays, such as the <a href="/wiki/Tektronix_4014" class="mw-redirect" title="Tektronix 4014">Tektronix 4014</a>, could display vector images but not modify them without first erasing the display. However, these were never as widely used as the raster-based scanning displays used for television, and had largely disappeared by the mid-1980s except for specialized applications. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Plotter" title="Plotter">Plotters</a> used in <a href="/wiki/Technical_drawing" title="Technical drawing">technical drawing</a> still draw vectors directly to paper by moving a pen as directed through the two-dimensional space of the paper. However, as with monitors, these have largely been replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Wide-format_printer" title="Wide-format printer">wide-format printer</a> that prints a raster image (which may be rendered from vector data). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software">Software</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vector_graphics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because this model is useful in a variety of application domains, many different software programs have been created for drawing, manipulating, and visualizing vector graphics. While these are all based on the same basic vector data model, they can interpret and structure shapes very differently, using very different file formats. </p> <ul><li>Graphic design and illustration, using a <a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics_editor" title="Vector graphics editor">vector graphics editor</a> or <a href="/wiki/Graphic_art_software" title="Graphic art software">graphic art software</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Illustrator" title="Adobe Illustrator">Adobe Illustrator</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_vector_graphics_editors" title="Comparison of vector graphics editors">Comparison of vector graphics editors</a> for capabilities.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographic_information_system" title="Geographic information system">Geographic information systems</a> (GIS), which can represent a geographic feature by a combination of a vector shape and a set of attributes.<sup id="cite_ref-Peuquet_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peuquet-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GIS includes vector editing, mapping, and vector <a href="/wiki/Spatial_analysis" title="Spatial analysis">spatial analysis</a> capabilities.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">Computer-aided design</a> (CAD), used in engineering, architecture, and surveying. <a href="/wiki/Building_information_modeling" title="Building information modeling">Building information modeling</a> (BIM) models add attributes to each shape, similar to a GIS.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">3D computer graphics</a> software, including <a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">computer animation</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="File_formats">File formats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vector_graphics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: File formats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vector-based_example.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Vector-based_example.svg/220px-Vector-based_example.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Vector-based_example.svg/330px-Vector-based_example.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Vector-based_example.svg/440px-Vector-based_example.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="588" /></a><figcaption>This vector-based (SVG format) image of a round four-color swirl displays several unique features of vector graphics versus raster graphics: there is no <a href="/wiki/Aliasing" title="Aliasing">aliasing</a> along the rounded edge (which would result in <a href="/wiki/Digital_artifacts" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital artifacts">digital artifacts</a> in a raster graphic), the <a href="/wiki/Color_gradient" title="Color gradient">color gradients</a> are all smooth, and the user can resize the image infinitely without losing any quality.</figcaption></figure> <p>Vector graphics are commonly found today in the <a href="/wiki/Scalable_vector_graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable vector graphics">SVG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Metafile" title="Windows Metafile">WMF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Encapsulated_PostScript" title="Encapsulated PostScript">EPS</a>, <a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>, <a href="/wiki/CorelDraw" class="mw-redirect" title="CorelDraw">CDR</a> or <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Illustrator_Artwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Illustrator Artwork">AI</a> types of <a href="/wiki/Image_file_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="Image file formats">graphic file formats</a>, and are intrinsically different from the more common raster graphics file formats such as <a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a>, <a href="/wiki/APNG" title="APNG">APNG</a>, <a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a>, <a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMP_File_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="BMP File Format">BMP</a> and <a href="/wiki/MPEG4" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG4">MPEG4</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> (W3C) standard for vector graphics is <a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">Scalable Vector Graphics</a> (SVG). The standard is complex and has been relatively slow to be established at least in part owing to commercial interests. Many web browsers now have some support for rendering SVG data but full implementations of the standard are still comparatively rare. </p><p>In recent years, SVG has become a significant format that is completely independent of the resolution of the rendering device, typically a <a href="/wiki/Printer_(computing)" title="Printer (computing)">printer</a> or display monitor. SVG files are essentially printable text that describes both straight and curved paths, as well as other attributes. Wikipedia prefers SVG for images such as simple maps, line illustrations, coats of arms, and flags, which generally are not like photographs or other continuous-tone images.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Rendering SVG requires conversion to a raster format at a resolution appropriate for the current task. SVG is also a format for animated graphics. </p><p>There is also a version of SVG for mobile phones. In particular, the specific format for mobile phones is called SVGT (SVG Tiny version). These images can count links and also exploit anti-aliasing. They can also be displayed as wallpaper. </p><p>CAD software uses its own vector data formats, usually proprietary formats created by software vendors, such as <a href="/wiki/Autodesk" title="Autodesk">Autodesk</a>'s <a href="/wiki/DWG" class="mw-redirect" title="DWG">DWG</a> and public exchange formats such as <a href="/wiki/DXF" class="mw-redirect" title="DXF">DXF</a>. Hundreds of distinct <a href="/wiki/GIS_file_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="GIS file formats">vector file formats</a> have been created for GIS data over its history, including proprietary formats like the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esri_file_geodatabase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esri file geodatabase (page does not exist)">Esri file geodatabase</a>, proprietary but public formats like the <a href="/wiki/Shapefile" title="Shapefile">Shapefile</a> and the original <a href="/wiki/KML" class="mw-redirect" title="KML">KML</a>, open source formats like <a href="/wiki/GeoJSON" title="GeoJSON">GeoJSON</a>, and formats created by standards bodies like <a href="/wiki/Simple_Features" title="Simple Features">Simple Features</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language" title="Geography Markup Language">GML</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Open_Geospatial_Consortium" title="Open Geospatial Consortium">Open Geospatial Consortium</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conversion">Conversion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vector_graphics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Conversion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">The list of <a href="/wiki/Image_file_format" title="Image file format">image file formats</a> covers proprietary and public <a href="/wiki/Image_file_formats#Vector_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="Image file formats">vector formats</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Phone.jpg/220px-Phone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Phone.jpg/330px-Phone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Phone.jpg/440px-Phone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Original reference photo before <a href="/wiki/Raster_to_vector" class="mw-redirect" title="Raster to vector">vectorization</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phone.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Phone.svg/220px-Phone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="444" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Phone.svg/330px-Phone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Phone.svg/440px-Phone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="1381" /></a><figcaption>Detail can be added to or removed from vector art.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="To_raster">To raster</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vector_graphics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: To raster"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Rasterisation" title="Rasterisation">Rasterisation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raster_image_processor" title="Raster image processor">Raster image processor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Render_output_unit" title="Render output unit">Render output unit</a></div> <p>Modern displays and printers are <a href="/wiki/Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics">raster</a> devices; vector formats have to be converted to a raster format (bitmaps – pixel arrays) before they can be rendered (displayed or printed).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGharachorlooGuptaSproullSutherland1989355_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGharachorlooGuptaSproullSutherland1989355-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The size of the bitmap/raster-format file generated by the conversion will depend on the resolution required, but the size of the vector file generating the bitmap/raster file will always remain the same. Thus, it is easy to convert from a vector file to a range of bitmap/raster <a href="/wiki/File_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="File formats">file formats</a> but it is much more difficult to go in the opposite direction, especially if subsequent editing of the vector picture is required. It might be an advantage to save an image created from a vector source file as a bitmap/raster format, because different systems have different (and incompatible) vector formats, and some might not support vector graphics at all. However, once a file is converted from the vector format, it is likely to be bigger, and it loses the advantage of scalability without loss of resolution. It will also no longer be possible to edit individual parts of the image as discrete objects. The file size of a vector graphic image depends on the number of graphic elements it contains; it is a list of descriptions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="From_raster">From raster</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vector_graphics&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: From raster"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Vectorization_(image_tracing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vectorization (image tracing)">Vectorization (image tracing)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_raster-to-vector_conversion_software" title="Comparison of raster-to-vector conversion software">Comparison of raster-to-vector conversion software</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vector_graphics&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Printing">Printing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vector_graphics&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Printing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vector art is ideal for <a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">printing</a> since the art is made from a series of mathematical curves; it will print very crisply even when resized.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, one can print a vector logo on a small sheet of copy paper, and then enlarge the same vector logo to <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(advertising)" class="mw-redirect" title="Billboard (advertising)">billboard</a> size and keep the same crisp quality. A low-resolution <a href="/wiki/Raster_graphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Raster graphic">raster graphic</a> would blur or pixelate excessively if it were enlarged from business card size to billboard size. (The precise resolution of a raster graphic necessary for high-quality results depends on the viewing distance; e.g., a billboard may still appear to be of high quality even at low resolution if the viewing distance is great enough.)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If we regard typographic characters as images, then the same considerations that we have made for graphics apply even to the composition of written text for printing (<a href="/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">typesetting</a>). Older character sets were stored as bitmaps. Therefore, to achieve maximum print quality they had to be used at a given resolution only; these font formats are said to be non-scalable. High-quality typography is nowadays based on character drawings (<a href="/wiki/Font" title="Font">fonts</a>) which are typically stored as vector graphics, and as such are scalable to any size. Examples of these vector formats for characters are <a href="/wiki/Postscript_fonts" class="mw-redirect" title="Postscript fonts">Postscript fonts</a> and <a href="/wiki/TrueType_fonts" class="mw-redirect" title="TrueType fonts">TrueType fonts</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vector_graphics&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Advantages of this style of <a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">drawing</a> over <a href="/wiki/Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics">raster graphics</a>: </p> <ul><li>Because vector graphics consist of coordinates with lines/curves between them, the size of the representation does not depend on the <a href="/wiki/Dimension" title="Dimension">dimensions</a> of the object. This minimal amount of information translates to a much smaller<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/File_size" title="File size">file size</a> compared to large raster images which are defined pixel by pixel. This said, a vector graphic with a small file size is often said to lack detail compared with a real-world photo.</li> <li>Correspondingly, one can infinitely zoom in on e.g., a circle arc, and it remains smooth. On the other hand, a polygon representing a curve will reveal being not really curved.</li> <li>On zooming in, lines and curves need not get wider proportionally. Often the width is either not increased or less than proportional. On the other hand, irregular curves represented by simple geometric shapes may be made proportionally wider when zooming in, to keep them looking smooth and not like these geometric shapes.</li> <li>The parameters of objects are stored and can be later modified. This means that <a href="/wiki/Motion_(physics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion (physics)">moving</a>, <a href="/wiki/Image_scaling" title="Image scaling">scaling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rotating" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotating">rotating</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flood_fill" title="Flood fill">filling</a>, etc. does not degrade the quality of a drawing. Moreover, it is usual to specify the dimensions in device-independent units, which results in the best possible <a href="/wiki/Rasterization" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasterization">rasterization</a> on raster <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Peripheral device">devices</a>.</li> <li>From a 3-D perspective, rendering shadows is also much more realistic with vector graphics, as shadows can be abstracted into the rays of light from which they are formed. This allows for <a href="/wiki/Photorealistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Photorealistic">photorealistic</a> images and <a href="/wiki/Rendering_(computer_graphics)" title="Rendering (computer graphics)">renderings</a>.</li></ul> <p>For example, consider a <a href="/wiki/Circle" title="Circle">circle</a> of <a href="/wiki/Radius" title="Radius">radius</a> <i>r</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main pieces of <a href="/wiki/Information" title="Information">information</a> a <a href="/wiki/Computer_program" title="Computer program">program</a> needs in order to draw this circle are </p> <ol><li>An indication that what is to be drawn is a circle</li> <li>the radius <i>r</i></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Coordinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordinate">location</a> of the center point of the circle</li> <li>stroke line style and color (possibly transparent)</li> <li>fill style and color (possibly transparent)</li></ol> <p>Vector formats are not always appropriate in graphics work and also have numerous disadvantages.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, devices such as cameras and scanners produce essentially continuous-tone <a href="/wiki/Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics">raster graphics</a> that are impractical to convert into vectors, and so for this type of work, an image editor will operate on the pixels rather than on drawing objects defined by mathematical expressions. Comprehensive graphics tools will combine <a href="/wiki/Image" title="Image">images</a> from vector and raster sources, and may provide editing tools for both, since some parts of an image could come from a camera source, and others could have been drawn using vector tools. </p><p>Some authors have criticized the term <i>vector graphics</i> as being confusing.<sup id="cite_ref-ChapmanChapman2002b_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChapmanChapman2002b-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, <i>vector graphics</i> does not simply refer to graphics described by <a href="/wiki/Euclidean_vector" title="Euclidean vector">Euclidean vectors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Spuy2010_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spuy2010-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some authors have proposed to use <i>object-oriented graphics</i> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-ChapmanChapman2002b_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChapmanChapman2002b-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Landau2000_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Landau2000-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Arntson2011_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arntson2011-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However this term can also be confusing as it can be read as any kind of graphics implemented using <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented programming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ChapmanChapman2002b_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChapmanChapman2002b-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vector_operations">Vector operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vector_graphics&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Vector operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics_editor" title="Vector graphics editor">Vector graphics editors</a> typically allow translation, rotation, mirroring, stretching, skewing, <a href="/wiki/Affine_transformation" title="Affine transformation">affine transformations</a>, changing of <a href="/wiki/Z-order" title="Z-order">z-order</a> (loosely, what's in front of what) and combination of primitives into more complex objects.<sup id="cite_ref-ChapmanChapman2002b_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChapmanChapman2002b-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More sophisticated <a href="/wiki/Transformation_(mathematics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transformation (mathematics)">transformations</a> include <a href="/wiki/Set_(mathematics)#Basic_operations" title="Set (mathematics)">set operations</a> on closed <a href="/wiki/Shape" title="Shape">shapes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Union_(set_theory)" title="Union (set theory)">union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Complement_(set_theory)" title="Complement (set theory)">difference</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intersection_(set_theory)" title="Intersection (set theory)">intersection</a>, etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr198421_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr198421-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In SVG, the composition operations are based on <a href="/wiki/Alpha_composition" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha composition">alpha composition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vector graphics are ideal for simple or composite drawings that need to be device-independent,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or do not need to achieve <a href="/wiki/Photo-realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Photo-realism">photo-realism</a>. For example, the <a href="/wiki/PostScript" title="PostScript">PostScript</a> and <a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a> <a href="/wiki/Page_description_language" title="Page description language">page description languages</a> use a vector graphics model. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vector_image_repositories">Vector image repositories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vector_graphics&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Vector image repositories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many stock photo websites provide vectorized versions of hosted images, while specific repositories specialize in vector images given their growing popularity among graphic designers.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">List of vector image repositories<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Repo/Company </th> <th>License </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vexels_(website)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vexels (website) (page does not exist)">Vexels</a> </td> <th style="background: #FCE; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="nonfree table-nonfree">Proprietary </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=VectorStock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VectorStock (page does not exist)">VectorStock</a> </td> <th style="background: #FCE; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="nonfree table-nonfree">Proprietary </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vecteezy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vecteezy (page does not exist)">Vecteezy</a> </td> <th style="background: #DFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="free table-free">Freemium </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Freepik" title="Freepik">Freepik</a> </td> <th style="background: #FCE; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="nonfree table-nonfree">Proprietary </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evanto_Elements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evanto Elements (page does not exist)">Evanto Elements</a> </td> <th style="background: #FCE; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="nonfree table-nonfree">Proprietary </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Depositphotos" title="Depositphotos">Depositphotos</a> </td> <th style="background: #FCE; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="nonfree table-nonfree">Proprietary </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vector_graphics&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Grain_Geometry" title="Anti-Grain Geometry">Anti-Grain Geometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_(graphics)" title="Cairo (graphics)">Cairo (graphics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_vector_graphics_editors" title="Comparison of vector graphics editors">Comparison of vector graphics editors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_graphics_file_formats" title="Comparison of graphics file formats">Comparison of graphics file formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">Computer-aided design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct2D" title="Direct2D">Direct2D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">Illustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javascript_graphics_library" class="mw-redirect" title="Javascript graphics library">Javascript graphics library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raster_to_vector" class="mw-redirect" title="Raster to vector">Raster to vector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics">Raster graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resolution_independence" title="Resolution independence">Resolution independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_graphics" title="Turtle graphics">Turtle graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Vector game">Vector game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics_file_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="Vector graphics file formats">Vector graphics file formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_monitor" title="Vector monitor">Vector monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_network" title="Vector network">Vector network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_packs" title="Vector packs">Vector packs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vexel" title="Vexel">Vexel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_frame_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Wire frame model">Wire frame model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3D_modeling" title="3D modeling">3D modeling</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vector_graphics&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ChapmanChapman2002-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChapmanChapman2002_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNigel_ChapmanJenny_Chapman2002" class="citation book cs1">Nigel Chapman; Jenny Chapman (2002) [2000]. <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/digitalmultimedi00chap"><i>Digital Multimedia</i></a></span>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wally.cs.iupui.edu/n351/vector/Vector_Graphics.html">the original</a> on May 18, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Welcome+to+wally%21%21%21&rft.atitle=Vector+Graphics&rft.au=Andy+Harris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwally.cs.iupui.edu%2Fn351%2Fvector%2FVector_Graphics.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVector+graphics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChapmanChapman2002b-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ChapmanChapman2002b_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ChapmanChapman2002b_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ChapmanChapman2002b_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ChapmanChapman2002b_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNigel_ChapmanJenny_Chapman2002" class="citation book cs1">Nigel Chapman; Jenny Chapman (2002) [2000]. <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/digitalmultimedi00chap"><i>Digital Multimedia</i></a></span>. Wiley. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/digitalmultimedi00chap/page/n84">70</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-98386-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-98386-1"><bdi>0-471-98386-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Digital+Multimedia&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-471-98386-1&rft.au=Nigel+Chapman&rft.au=Jenny+Chapman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdigitalmultimedi00chap&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVector+graphics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slideshare.net/Mark_Kilgard/22pathrender,">CS 354 Vector Graphics & Path Rendering</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200418024910/http://www.slideshare.net/Mark_Kilgard/22pathrender,">Archived</a> April 18, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Slide 7, By Mark Kilgard, April 10, 2012, University of Texas at Austin</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spuy2010-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Spuy2010_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRex_van_der_Spuy2010" class="citation book cs1">Rex van der Spuy (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xsheyw3JJrMC&pg=PA306"><i>AdvancED Game Design with Flash</i></a>. Apress. p. 306. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4302-2739-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4302-2739-7"><bdi>978-1-4302-2739-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AdvancED+Game+Design+with+Flash&rft.pages=306&rft.pub=Apress&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4302-2739-7&rft.au=Rex+van+der+Spuy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXsheyw3JJrMC%26pg%3DPA306&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVector+graphics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Landau2000-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Landau2000_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTed_Landau2000" class="citation book cs1">Ted Landau (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mac_Sad_Macs_Bombs_and_other_Disasters_4th_Edition_2000"><i>Sad Macs, Bombs and Other Disasters</i></a> (4th ed.). Peachpit Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mac_Sad_Macs_Bombs_and_other_Disasters_4th_Edition_2000/page/n421">409</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-69963-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-69963-0"><bdi>978-0-201-69963-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sad+Macs%2C+Bombs+and+Other+Disasters&rft.pages=409&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Peachpit+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-201-69963-0&rft.au=Ted+Landau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmac_Sad_Macs_Bombs_and_other_Disasters_4th_Edition_2000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVector+graphics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arntson2011-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Arntson2011_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmy_Arntson2011" class="citation book cs1">Amy Arntson (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LSM9AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA194"><i>Graphic Design Basics</i></a> (6th ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 194. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-133-41950-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-133-41950-1"><bdi>978-1-133-41950-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Graphic+Design+Basics&rft.pages=194&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-133-41950-1&rft.au=Amy+Arntson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLSM9AAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVector+graphics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr198421-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr198421_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarr1984">Barr 1984</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSVG_Working_Group2011" class="citation web cs1">SVG Working Group (March 15, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/SVGCompositing">"SVG Compositing Specification"</a>. <i>w3</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807173633/https://www.w3.org/TR/SVGCompositing/">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=w3&rft.atitle=SVG+Compositing+Specification&rft.date=2011-03-15&rft.au=SVG+Working+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2FSVGCompositing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVector+graphics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQin2009" class="citation thesis cs1">Qin, Zheng (January 27, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstream/handle/10012/4262/phd-thesis.pdf"><i>Vector Graphics for Real-time 3D Rendering</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Thesis). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo" title="University of Waterloo">University of Waterloo</a>. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10012%2F4262">10012/4262</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728125357/https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstream/handle/10012/4262/phd-thesis.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on July 28, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Vector+Graphics+for+Real-time+3D+Rendering&rft.inst=University+of+Waterloo&rft.date=2009-01-27&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10012%2F4262&rft.aulast=Qin&rft.aufirst=Zheng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuwspace.uwaterloo.ca%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10012%2F4262%2Fphd-thesis.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVector+graphics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datasetsearch.research.google.com/search?src=0&query=vector%20images&docid=L2cvMTF5NjVrMnhicg==">"Stock Photos Websites Market Report | Global Forecast From 2023 To 2032"</a>. <i>datasetsearch.research.google.com</i>. April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=datasetsearch.research.google.com&rft.atitle=Stock+Photos+Websites+Market+Report+%7C+Global+Forecast+From+2023+To+2032&rft.date=2023-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatasetsearch.research.google.com%2Fsearch%3Fsrc%3D0%26query%3Dvector%2520images%26docid%3DL2cvMTF5NjVrMnhicg%3D%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVector+graphics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSays2022" class="citation web cs1">Says, Studyessay org (March 21, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.spoongraphics.co.uk/articles/7-of-the-best-vector-sites-for-graphic-designers">"7 of the Best Vector Sites for Graphic Designers"</a>. <i>Spoon Graphics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spoon+Graphics&rft.atitle=7+of+the+Best+Vector+Sites+for+Graphic+Designers&rft.date=2022-03-21&rft.aulast=Says&rft.aufirst=Studyessay+org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.spoongraphics.co.uk%2Farticles%2F7-of-the-best-vector-sites-for-graphic-designers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVector+graphics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vector_graphics&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarr1984" class="citation book cs1">Barr, Alan H. (July 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.67.6046&rep=rep1&type=pdf">"Global and local deformations of solid primitives"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proceedings of the 11th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques</i>. Vol. 18. pp. 21–30. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.67.6046">10.1.1.67.6046</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F800031.808573">10.1145/800031.808573</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0897911385" title="Special:BookSources/0897911385"><bdi>0897911385</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:16162806">16162806</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Global+and+local+deformations+of+solid+primitives&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+11th+annual+conference+on+Computer+graphics+and+interactive+techniques&rft.pages=21-30&rft.date=1984-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.67.6046%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A16162806%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F800031.808573&rft.isbn=0897911385&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=Alan+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.67.6046%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVector+graphics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGharachorlooGuptaSproullSutherland1989" class="citation book cs1">Gharachorloo, Nader; Gupta, Satish; <a href="/wiki/Bob_Sproull" title="Bob Sproull">Sproull, Robert F.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">Sutherland, Ivan E.</a> (July 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.105.461&type=pdf">"A characterization of ten rasterization techniques"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques</i>. Vol. 23. pp. 355–368. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.105.461">10.1.1.105.461</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F74333.74370">10.1145/74333.74370</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0201504340" title="Special:BookSources/0201504340"><bdi>0201504340</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8253227">8253227</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+characterization+of+ten+rasterization+techniques&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+16th+annual+conference+on+Computer+graphics+and+interactive+techniques&rft.pages=355-368&rft.date=1989-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.105.461%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8253227%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F74333.74370&rft.isbn=0201504340&rft.aulast=Gharachorloo&rft.aufirst=Nader&rft.au=Gupta%2C+Satish&rft.au=Sproull%2C+Robert+F.&rft.au=Sutherland%2C+Ivan+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.105.461%26type%3Dpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVector+graphics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray2002" class="citation book cs1">Murray, Stephen (2002). "Graphic Devices". In Roger R. Flynn (ed.). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link-gale-com.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/apps/doc/CX3401200218/GVRL?u=ocul_mcmaster&sid=GVRL&xid=acaf5d43"><i>Computer Sciences, Vol 2: Software and Hardware, Macmillan Reference USA</i></a></span>. Gale eBooks<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Graphic+Devices&rft.btitle=Computer+Sciences%2C+Vol+2%3A+Software+and+Hardware%2C+Macmillan+Reference+USA&rft.pub=Gale+eBooks&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink-gale-com.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca%2Fapps%2Fdoc%2FCX3401200218%2FGVRL%3Fu%3Docul_mcmaster%26sid%3DGVRL%26xid%3Dacaf5d43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVector+graphics" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vector_graphics&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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aria-labelledby="Graphics_file_formats" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Graphics file formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Graphics_file_formats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Image_file_format" title="Image file format">Graphics file formats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics">Raster</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANI_(file_format)" title="ANI (file format)"> ANI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANIM" title="ANIM">ANIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APNG" title="APNG">APNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ART_image_file_format" title="ART image file format"> ART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVIF" title="AVIF">AVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMP_file_format" title="BMP file format"> BMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics"> BPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSAVE" title="BSAVE"> BSAVE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CALS_Raster_file_format" title="CALS Raster file format"> CAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cineon" title="Cineon"> CIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartesian_Perceptual_Compression" title="Cartesian Perceptual Compression"> CPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPT_(file_format)" title="CPT (file format)"> CPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirectDraw_Surface" title="DirectDraw Surface"> DDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Picture_Exchange" title="Digital Picture Exchange"> DPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECW_(file_format)" title="ECW (file format)"> ECW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenEXR" title="OpenEXR"> EXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FITS" title="FITS">FITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLIC_(file_format)" title="FLIC (file format)"> FLIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Lossless_Image_Format" title="Free Lossless Image Format"> FLIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlashPix" title="FlashPix"> FPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDRi_(data_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="HDRi (data format)"> HDRi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding#Main_Still_Picture" title="High Efficiency Video Coding"> HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICER_(file_format)" title="ICER (file format)">ICER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Icon_Image_format" title="Apple Icon Image format"> ICNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICO_(file_format)" title="ICO (file format)"> ICO / CUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_Cytometry_Standard" title="Image Cytometry Standard"> ICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILBM" title="ILBM">ILBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">JBIG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG2" title="JBIG2">JBIG2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_Network_Graphics" title="JPEG Network Graphics"> JNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lossless_JPEG#JPEG-LS" title="Lossless JPEG"> JPEG-LS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">JPEG XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">JPEG XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">JPEG XS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XT" title="JPEG XT">JPEG XT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JPEG-HDR" class="mw-redirect" title="JPEG-HDR">JPEG-HDR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krita" title="Krita"> KRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-image_Network_Graphics" title="Multiple-image Network Graphics"> MNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magick_Image_File_Format" title="Magick Image File Format"> MIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nearly_raw_raster_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Nearly raw raster data"> NRRD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenRaster" title="OpenRaster"> ORA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netpbm#PAM_graphics_format" title="Netpbm"> PAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netpbm" title="Netpbm"> PBM / PGM / PPM / PNM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCX" title="PCX">PCX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Graphics_File" title="Progressive Graphics File"> PGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICtor_PIC_image_format" title="PICtor PIC image format"> PICtor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PNG" title="PNG">PNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop#PSD" title="Adobe Photoshop"> PSD / PSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PaintShop_Pro" title="PaintShop Pro"> PSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QOI_(image_format)" title="QOI (image format)"> QOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_VR" title="QuickTime VR"> QTVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Raster" title="Sun Raster"> RAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RGBE_image_format" title="RGBE image format"> RGBE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logluv_TIFF" title="Logluv TIFF">Logluv TIFF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Graphics_Image" title="Silicon Graphics Image"> SGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truevision_TGA" title="Truevision TGA"> TGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_Image_File_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Image File Format"> TIFF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">TIFF/EP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_Image_File_Format#TIFF/IT" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Image File Format"> TIFF/IT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulead_PhotoImpact" title="Ulead PhotoImpact"> UFO / UFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol_Bitmap_Format" title="Wireless Application Protocol Bitmap Format"> WBMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_BitMap" title="X BitMap"> XBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCF_(file_format)" title="XCF (file format)"> XCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_PixMap" title="X PixMap"> XPM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xwd" title="Xwd"> XWD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Raw_image_format" title="Raw image format">Raw</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera_Image_File_Format" title="Camera Image File Format"> CIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Negative" title="Digital Negative"> DNG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vector</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Illustrator_Artwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Illustrator Artwork"> AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CorelDRAW#CDR_file_format" title="CorelDRAW"> CDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile"> CGM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoCAD_DXF" title="AutoCAD DXF"> DXF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Metafile" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced Metafile"> EMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMF%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="EMF+">EMF+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerber_format" title="Gerber format"> Gerber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiku_Vector_Icon_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Haiku Vector Icon Format"> HVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGES" title="IGES">IGES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Graphics_Markup_Language" title="Precision Graphics Markup Language"> PGML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics"> SVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_Markup_Language" title="Vector Markup Language"> VML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Metafile" title="Windows Metafile"> WMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xar_(graphics)" title="Xar (graphics)"> Xar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Image_file_format#Compound_formats" title="Image file format">Compound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computable_Document_Format" title="Computable Document Format"> CDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DjVu" title="DjVu">DjVu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encapsulated_PostScript" title="Encapsulated PostScript"> EPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MODCA" title="MODCA">MODCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICT" title="PICT">PICT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript" title="PostScript"> PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWF" title="SWF">SWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Application_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Application Markup Language"> XAML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">Metadata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exif" title="Exif">Exchangeable image file format (Exif)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Press_Telecommunications_Council#Photo_metadata" title="International Press Telecommunications Council">International Press Telecommunications Council § Photo metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Metadata_Platform" title="Extensible Metadata Platform">Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIF#Metadata" title="GIF">GIF § Metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steganography" title="Steganography">Steganography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Graphics_file_formats" title="Category:Graphics file formats">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_na_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Non-article page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/16px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/23px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/31px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_graphics_file_formats" title="Comparison of graphics file formats">Comparison</a></b></li></ul> 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