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href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%89" title="توم شيپى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توم شيپى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Shippey" title="Tom Shippey – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tom Shippey" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Шиппи, Том – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шиппи, Том" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British medievalist (born 1943)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Tom Shippey</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tom_Shippey_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Tom_Shippey_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/220px-Tom_Shippey_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Tom_Shippey_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/330px-Tom_Shippey_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Tom_Shippey_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/440px-Tom_Shippey_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2042" data-file-height="2893" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">In 2015</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Thomas Alan Shippey</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1943-09-09</span>) </span>9 September 1943<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 81)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">British</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Queens%27_College,_Cambridge" title="Queens' College, Cambridge">Queens' College, Cambridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">B.A.</a>, <a href="/wiki/MA_(Cantab)" class="mw-redirect" title="MA (Cantab)">M.A.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D.</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Academic, writer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_research" title="Tolkien research">Tolkien scholarship</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://tomshippey.com/">https://tomshippey.com/</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Thomas Alan Shippey</b> (born 9 September 1943)<sup id="cite_ref-SFE_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a British <a href="/wiki/Medievalism" title="Medievalism">medievalist</a>, a retired scholar of <a href="/wiki/Middle_English_literature" title="Middle English literature">Middle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_English_literature" title="Old English literature">Old English literature</a> as well as of modern <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy fiction">fantasy</a> and science fiction. He is considered one of the world's leading academic experts<sup id="cite_ref-Houghton_Croft_Martsch_2014_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houghton_Croft_Martsch_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the works of <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a> about whom he has written several books and many scholarly papers. His book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Middle-Earth" title="The Road to Middle-Earth">The Road to Middle-Earth</a></i> has been called "the single best thing written on Tolkien".<sup id="cite_ref-Nagy2005_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nagy2005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shippey's education and academic career have in several ways retraced those of Tolkien: he attended <a href="/wiki/King_Edward%27s_School,_Birmingham" title="King Edward's School, Birmingham">King Edward's School, Birmingham</a>, became a professional <a href="/wiki/Philologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Philologist">philologist</a>, occupied Tolkien's professorial chair at the University of Leeds, and taught <a href="/wiki/Old_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English language">Old English</a> at the University of Oxford to the syllabus that Tolkien had devised. </p><p>He has received three <a href="/wiki/Mythopoeic_Society" title="Mythopoeic Society">Mythopoeic Awards</a><sup id="cite_ref-Myth_1984_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myth_1984-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Myth_2001_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myth_2001-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Myth_2008_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myth_2008-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a <a href="/wiki/World_Fantasy_Award" title="World Fantasy Award">World Fantasy Award</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WFA_2001_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WFA_2001-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He participated in the creation of <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (film series)"><i>The Lord of the Rings</i> film trilogy</a>, assisting the dialect coaches. He featured as an expert medievalist in all three of the documentary DVDs that accompany the special extended edition of the trilogy, and later also that of <i>The Hobbit</i> film trilogy. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Shippey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Shippey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thomas Alan Shippey was born in 1943 to the engineer Ernest Shippey and his wife Christina Emily Kjelgaard in <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a>, where he spent the first years of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-SFE_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hanley_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hanley-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-encyc_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyc-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He studied at <a href="/wiki/King_Edward%27s_School,_Birmingham" title="King Edward's School, Birmingham">King Edward's School</a> in Birmingham from 1954 to 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-Preface_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preface-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>, Shippey became fond of <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a>, German and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, and of playing <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">rugby</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hanley_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hanley-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Houghton_Croft_Martsch_2014_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houghton_Croft_Martsch_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He gained a B.A. from <a href="/wiki/Queens%27_College,_Cambridge" title="Queens' College, Cambridge">Queens' College, Cambridge</a>, in 1964, his M.A. in 1968, and a PhD in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-white_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-white-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SLU_CV_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLU_CV-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-encyc_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyc-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medievalist">Medievalist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Shippey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Medievalist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shippey became a junior lecturer at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">University of Birmingham</a>, and then a Fellow of <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St John's College, Oxford">St John's College, Oxford</a>, where he taught Old and <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Preface_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preface-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1979, he was elected to the Chair of English Language and Medieval English Literature at <a href="/wiki/Leeds_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Leeds University">Leeds University</a>, a post once held by Tolkien.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1996, after 14 years at Leeds, Shippey was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Walter_J._Ong" title="Walter J. Ong">Walter J. Ong</a> Chair of Humanities at <a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_University" title="Saint Louis University">Saint Louis University</a>'s College of Arts and Sciences, where he taught, researched, and wrote books.<sup id="cite_ref-SLU_CV_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLU_CV-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has been a visiting professor at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Signum_University" title="Signum University">Signum University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Signum_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Signum-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He has published over 160 books and articles,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has edited or co-edited scholarly collections such as the 1998 <i>Beowulf: The Critical Heritage</i><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2005 <i>The Shadow-walkers: Jacob Grimm's Mythology of the Monstrous</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among several influential articles on the Old English poem <i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a></i> are an analysis of its principles of conversation,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a much-cited discussion of the "obdurate puzzle" of the "<a href="/wiki/Modthryth" title="Modthryth">Modthrytho</a> Episode" (<i>Beowulf</i> 1931b–1962), which seems to describe a cruel irrational queen who then becomes a model wife,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an analysis of "Names in Anglo-Saxon and Beowulf", with special reference to those elsewhere unrecorded. He has also written on <a href="/wiki/Arthurian_legend" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthurian legend">Arthurian legend</a>, including its reworkings in medieval and modern literature.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His medieval studies have extended as far as to write a book on the lives and deaths of the great <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a> "as warriors, invaders and plunderers", exploring their "heroic mentality", with special reference to the pervasive Norse Bad Sense of Humour..<sup id="cite_ref-Lönnroth_2019_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lönnroth_2019-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Swedish author <a href="/wiki/Lars_L%C3%B6nnroth" title="Lars Lönnroth">Lars Lönnroth</a> commented that nothing like Shippey's "eminently readable book" had been attempted since <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bartholin" title="Thomas Bartholin">Thomas Bartholin</a>'s 1677 history of Danish antiquity, even if Shippey's use of legendary sources meant that the materials used could not be relied upon as history, only as indications of a shared mindset.<sup id="cite_ref-Lönnroth_2019_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lönnroth_2019-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See further "Vikings: Legend, History, Mindset", online at academia.edu </p><p>Since his retirement and his return to England, he has continued his research<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His retirement in 2008 was marked by a <i><a href="/wiki/Festschrift" title="Festschrift">festschrift</a></i>, <i>Constructing Nations, Reconstructing Myth</i>, edited by Andrew Wawn, Graham Johnson and John Walter, with contributions from former students and former colleagues. His Tolkien scholar colleagues including <a href="/wiki/Janet_Brennan_Croft" title="Janet Brennan Croft">Janet Brennan Croft</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rateliff" title="John D. Rateliff">John D. Rateliff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verlyn_Flieger" title="Verlyn Flieger">Verlyn Flieger</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Bratman" title="David Bratman">David Bratman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Burns" title="Marjorie Burns">Marjorie Burns</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_C._West" title="Richard C. West">Richard C. West</a> marked his 70th birthday with a further <i>festschrift</i>, <i>Tolkien in the New Century</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Houghton_Croft_Martsch_2014_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houghton_Croft_Martsch_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while another volume of essays by former colleagues and students, <i>Literary Speech Acts of the Medieval North</i>: <i>essays inspired by the works of T.A. Shippey</i>, came out in 2020, edited by Eric Bryan and Alexander Ames.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_fantasy_and_science_fiction">Modern fantasy and science fiction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Shippey&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modern fantasy and science fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A fan and follower of science fiction from teenage years, in the early 1980s Shippey worked with <a href="/wiki/Brian_Aldiss" title="Brian Aldiss">Brian Aldiss</a> with the concept of world-building in his Helliconia trilogy.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the pseudonym of "John Holm", he was the co-author, with <a href="/wiki/Harry_Harrison_(writer)" title="Harry Harrison (writer)">Harry Harrison</a>, of <i>The Hammer and the Cross</i> trilogy of <a href="/wiki/Alternate_history_(fiction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternate history (fiction)">alternate history</a> novels, consisting of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hammer_and_the_Cross" title="The Hammer and the Cross">The Hammer and the Cross</a></i> (1993), <i><a href="/wiki/One_King%27s_Way" title="One King's Way">One King's Way</a></i> (1995), and <i><a href="/wiki/King_and_Emperor" title="King and Emperor">King and Emperor</a></i> (1996).<sup id="cite_ref-SFE_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For Harrison's 1984 <i><a href="/wiki/West_of_Eden" title="West of Eden">West of Eden</a></i>, Shippey helped with the <a href="/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">constructed language</a>, Yilanè.<sup id="cite_ref-Harrison_2014_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrison_2014-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shippey has edited both <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Book_of_Science_Fiction_Stories" title="The Oxford Book of Science Fiction Stories">The Oxford Book of Science Fiction Stories</a></i>, and <i>The Oxford Book of Fantasy Stories</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For ten years he reviewed science fiction for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and still contributes literary reviews to the <i><a href="/wiki/London_Review_of_Books" title="London Review of Books">London Review of Books</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-SLU_CV_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLU_CV-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, he wrote a scholarly 21-page introduction to <i>Flights of Eagles</i>, a collection of <a href="/wiki/James_Blish" title="James Blish">James Blish</a>'s works.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has given many invited lectures on Tolkien and other topics.<sup id="cite_ref-SLU_CV_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLU_CV-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008 he brought out a collection of articles on SF and fantasy, <i>Hard Reading: Learning from Science Fiction,</i> freely available from academia.edu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tolkien_scholarship">Tolkien scholarship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Shippey&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tolkien scholarship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Tolkien_research" title="Tolkien research">Tolkien research</a></div> <p>Shippey's interest in Tolkien began when he was 14 years old and was lent a copy of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit" title="The Hobbit">The Hobbit</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-white_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-white-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shippey comments on his interest in Tolkien that </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Purely by accident, I followed in Tolkien's footsteps in several respects: as a schoolboy (we both went to King Edward's School, Birmingham), as rugby player (we both played for Old Edwardians), as a teacher at Oxford (I taught Old English for seven years at St. John's College, just overlapping with Tolkien's last years of retirement), and as Professor of English Language at Leeds (where I inherited Tolkien's chair and syllabus)."<sup id="cite_ref-SLU_CV_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLU_CV-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tower,_spires,_chimneys,_Woodhouse_Lane,_Leeds_(Taken_by_Flickr_user_28th_January_2013).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Tower%2C_spires%2C_chimneys%2C_Woodhouse_Lane%2C_Leeds_%28Taken_by_Flickr_user_28th_January_2013%29.jpg/220px-Tower%2C_spires%2C_chimneys%2C_Woodhouse_Lane%2C_Leeds_%28Taken_by_Flickr_user_28th_January_2013%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Tower%2C_spires%2C_chimneys%2C_Woodhouse_Lane%2C_Leeds_%28Taken_by_Flickr_user_28th_January_2013%29.jpg/330px-Tower%2C_spires%2C_chimneys%2C_Woodhouse_Lane%2C_Leeds_%28Taken_by_Flickr_user_28th_January_2013%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Tower%2C_spires%2C_chimneys%2C_Woodhouse_Lane%2C_Leeds_%28Taken_by_Flickr_user_28th_January_2013%29.jpg/440px-Tower%2C_spires%2C_chimneys%2C_Woodhouse_Lane%2C_Leeds_%28Taken_by_Flickr_user_28th_January_2013%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3485" data-file-height="2343" /></a><figcaption>Both Shippey and <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a> were professors at <a href="/wiki/Leeds_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Leeds University">Leeds University</a>, with offices near Woodhouse Lane (pictured), a placename that Shippey thought Tolkien would have taken as a trace of the <a href="/wiki/Woodwose" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodwose">woodwoses</a>, the wild men of the woods.<sup id="cite_ref-Woodwose_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodwose-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>On 11 November 1969, he delivered a lecture on "Tolkien as philologist" at a Tolkien day organised by the Adult Education Department at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">University of Birmingham</a>. Joy Hill, Tolkien's private secretary, was in the audience and afterward, she asked him for the script, for Tolkien to read. On 13 April 1970, Shippey received a letter from Tolkien in response; he records that it took him 30 years to decode the "specialised politeness-language of Old Western Man" in which Tolkien replied to Shippey's interpretations of his work, even though, Shippey writes, he speaks the same language himself. Tolkien wrote, hinting that Shippey was "<i>nearly</i>" (italics supplied by Shippey) always correct but that Tolkien had not had the time to tell him about his design as it "<i>may be found</i> in a large <i>finished</i> work, and the <i>actual</i> events or experiences as seen or felt by the waking mind <i>in the course of actual composition</i> [i.e. <a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_legendarium" title="Tolkien's legendarium">Tolkien's then-unpublished legendarium</a>]";<sup id="cite_ref-Preface_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preface-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shippey used the phrase "Course of actual composition" as the title of the final chapter of <i>The Road to Middle-earth</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ch_9_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ch_9-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shippey and Tolkien met later in 1972 when Shippey was invited for dinner by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Davis_(academic)" title="Norman Davis (academic)">Norman Davis</a>, who had succeeded Tolkien as the <a href="/wiki/Merton_Professors" title="Merton Professors">Merton Professor of English Language</a>. When he became a Fellow of <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St John's College, Oxford">St. John's College</a> that same year, Shippey taught Old and Middle English using Tolkien's syllabus.<sup id="cite_ref-Preface_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preface-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shippey's first printed essay on Tolkien, "Creation from Philology in <i>The Lord of the Rings</i>", expanded on his 1970 lecture. In 1979, he was elected into a former position of Tolkien's, the Chair of English Language and Medieval English Literature at <a href="/wiki/Leeds_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Leeds University">Leeds University</a>. He noted that his office at Leeds, like Tolkien's, was just off Woodhouse Lane, a name that in his view Tolkien would certainly have interpreted as a trace of the <a href="/wiki/Woodwose" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodwose">woodwoses</a>, the wild men of the woods "lurking in the hills above the <a href="/wiki/River_Aire" title="River Aire">Aire</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Woodwose_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodwose-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His first Tolkien book, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Middle-earth" class="mw-redirect" title="The Road to Middle-earth">The Road to Middle-earth</a></i>, was published in 1982. In this he attempted to set Tolkien in the tradition of comparative philology, a discipline founded by Jacob Grimm, which he regarded as the major source of Tolkien's inspiration. In 2000, however, he published <i>Tolkien: Author of the Century, i</i>n which he attempted also to set Tolkien in the context of his own time: "writing fantasy, but voicing in that fantasy the most pressing and most immediately relevant issues of the whole monstrous twentieth century – questions of industrialised warfare, the origin of evil, the nature of humanity". This would include writers <a href="/wiki/The_Great_War_and_Middle-earth#Shippey" title="The Great War and Middle-earth">affected by war</a> like <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Vonnegut" title="Kurt Vonnegut">Kurt Vonnegut</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Golding" title="William Golding">William Golding</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Preface_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preface-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An enlarged third edition of <i>Road to Middle-earth</i> was published in 2005; in its preface Shippey states that he had assumed (wrongly) that the 1982 book would be his last word on the subject, and in the text he sets out his view, stated at more length in <i>Author of the Century</i>, that "the <i>Lord of the Rings</i> in particular is a war-book, also a post-war book", comparing Tolkien's writing to that of other twentieth-century authors.<sup id="cite_ref-Preface_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preface-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Traumatised_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Traumatised-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Road</i> rigorously refutes what was then the long-running <a href="/wiki/Literary_hostility_to_J._R._R._Tolkien" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary hostility to J. R. R. Tolkien">literary hostility to Tolkien</a>, and explains to instinctive lovers of <i>Lord of the Rings</i> why they are right to like it.<sup id="cite_ref-Yates_1984_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yates_1984-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been described as "the single best thing written on Tolkien", and "the seminal monograph".<sup id="cite_ref-Nagy2005_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nagy2005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book has received over 900 scholarly citations.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both <i>Road</i> and <i>Author</i> have been often reprinted and translated. In 2000, <a href="/wiki/Michael_D._C._Drout" title="Michael D. C. Drout">Michael Drout</a> and H. Wynne looked back at Shippey's books as landmarks in Tolkien research; they comment that "The real brilliance of <i>Road</i> was in method: Shippey would relentlessly gather small philological facts and combine them into unassailable logical propositions; part of the pleasure of reading <i>Road</i> lies in watching all these pieces fall into place and Shippey's larger arguments materialize out of the welter of interesting detail."<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As an acknowledged expert on Tolkien, Shippey served for a while on the editorial board of <a href="/wiki/Tolkien_Studies" title="Tolkien Studies"><i>Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gergely_Nagy_(scholar)" title="Gergely Nagy (scholar)">Gergely Nagy</a>, reviewing Shippey's <i><a href="/wiki/Festschrift" title="Festschrift">festschrift</a></i>, wrote that Shippey "has been (and still is) an enabler for all of us in Tolkien Studies: author of the seminal <i>The Road to Middle-earth</i> (first published in 1983) and countless insightful articles, he is the veritable pope of the field."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_life">Family life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Shippey&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Family life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shippey married Susan Veale in 1966; after that marriage ended, he married Catherine Elizabeth Barton in 1993. He has three children.<sup id="cite_ref-encyc_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyc-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He retired in 2008, and now lives in <a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SLU_CV_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLU_CV-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Swarthmore_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swarthmore-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film_and_television">Film and television</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Shippey&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Film and television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shippey has appeared in several television documentaries, in which he spoke about Tolkien and his Middle-earth writings: </p> <ul><li>1984: <i>Tolkien Remembered</i><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1996: <i>J.R.R.T.: A Film Portrait of J.R.R. Tolkien</i><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1998: <i>An Awfully Big Adventure: J.R.R. Tolkien</i><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2002: <i>Page to Screen: The Lord of the Rings</i><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2003: <i>J.R.R. Tolkien: Origins of Middle-Earth</i><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>He participated in <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (film series)"><i>The Lord of the Rings</i> film trilogy</a>, for which he assisted the dialect coaches.<sup id="cite_ref-white_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-white-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was featured on all three of the documentary DVDs that accompany the special extended edition of <i>The Lord of the Rings</i> film trilogy, and later also that of <a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(film_series)" title="The Hobbit (film series)"><i>The Hobbit</i> film trilogy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SLU_CV_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLU_CV-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He summarized his experiences with the film project as follows: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"The funny thing about interviews is you never know which bits they're going to pick. It always feels as if they sit you down, shine bright lights in your eyes, and ask you questions until you say something really silly, and that's the bit they choose. At least they didn't waterboard me. But it was good fun, and I'd cheerfully do it again."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Shippey&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apart from his published books, Shippey has written a large number of scholarly articles.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Books written</dt></dl> <ul><li><i>Old English Verse</i> (London: <a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutchinson (publisher)">Hutchinson</a>, 1972, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0091110314" title="Special:BookSources/978-0091110314">978-0091110314</a>).</li> <li><i>Poems of Wisdom and Learning in Old English</i> (Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/D.S._Brewer" class="mw-redirect" title="D.S. Brewer">D.S. Brewer</a>, 1976; 2nd ed., 1977 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-091-11030-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-091-11030-0">0-091-11030-0</a>).</li> <li><i>Beowulf</i>. <i>Arnold's Studies in English Literature</i> series (London: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Arnold_(publisher)" title="Edward Arnold (publisher)">Edward Arnold</a>, 1978, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-71316-147-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-71316-147-2">978-0-71316-147-2</a>).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Middle-earth" class="mw-redirect" title="The Road to Middle-earth">The Road to Middle-earth</a></i> (London: <a href="/wiki/Allen_%26_Unwin" title="Allen & Unwin">Allen & Unwin</a>, 1982; Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>, 1983), 2nd ed. (London: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>, 1993), Revised and Expanded edition (London: HarperCollins, 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-26110-275-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-26110-275-0">978-0-26110-275-0</a>).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien:_Author_of_the_Century" title="J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century">J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century</a></i> (London: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>, 2001, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-26110-401-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-26110-401-3">978-0-26110-401-3</a>).</li> <li><i>Roots and Branches: Selected Papers on Tolkien</i> (Zurich and Berne: <a href="/wiki/Walking_Tree_Publishers" title="Walking Tree Publishers">Walking Tree Publishers</a>, Cormarë Series 11, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-905703-05-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-905703-05-4">978-3-905703-05-4</a>).</li> <li><i>Hard Reading: Learning from Science Fiction</i> (<a href="/wiki/Liverpool_University_Press" title="Liverpool University Press">Liverpool University Press</a>, 2016, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78138-261-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78138-261-5">978-1-78138-261-5</a>).</li> <li><i>Laughing Shall I Die: Lives and Deaths of the Great Vikings</i> (<a href="/wiki/Reaktion_Books" title="Reaktion Books">Reaktion Books</a>, 2018, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-780239-09-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-780239-09-5">978-1-780239-09-5</a>).</li> <li><i>Beowulf and the North Before the Vikings</i> (Arc Humanities Press, 2022, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-80270-013-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-80270-013-8">978-1-80270-013-8</a>).</li></ul> <dl><dt>Books edited</dt></dl> <ul><li><i>Fictional Space: Essays on Contemporary Science Fiction</i>, (Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Basil_Blackwell" title="Basil Blackwell">Basil Blackwell</a>, 1991, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-17129-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-17129-0">0-631-17129-0</a>).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Book_of_Science_Fiction_Stories" title="The Oxford Book of Science Fiction Stories">The Oxford Book of Science Fiction Stories</a></i>, (Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 1992, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-214204-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-214204-6">0-19-214204-6</a>).</li> <li><i>Fiction 2000: On Cypberpunk and the Future of Narrative</i>, with George Slusser, (U Georgia Press<i>,</i> 1993).</li> <li><i>The Oxford Book of Fantasy Stories</i>, (Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 1994 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-214216-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-214216-X">0-19-214216-X</a>).</li> <li><i>Beowulf: The Critical Heritage</i>, with Andreas Haarder (New York: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, 1998 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-13800-910-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-13800-910-3">978-1-13800-910-3</a>).</li> <li><i>Medievalism in the Modern World: Essays in Honour of Leslie J. Workman</i>, with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Utz" title="Richard Utz">Richard Utz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turnhout" title="Turnhout">Turnhout</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brepols" title="Brepols">Brepols</a>, 1998), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-503-50166-4" title="Special:BookSources/2-503-50166-4">2-503-50166-4</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40884815">40884815</a>.</li> <li><i>The Shadow-Walkers: Jacob Grimm's Mythology of the Monstrous</i>, (Turnhout: <a href="/wiki/Brepols" title="Brepols">Brepols</a>, 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-50352-094-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-50352-094-0">978-2-50352-094-0</a>).</li> <li><i>Old English Philology: Studies in Honour of R.D. Fulk</i>, with <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Neidorf" title="Leonard Neidorf">Leonard Neidorf</a> and Rafael J. Pascual (Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/D.S._Brewer" class="mw-redirect" title="D.S. Brewer">D.S. Brewer</a>, 2016 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84384-438-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84384-438-9">978-1-84384-438-9</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_distinctions">Awards and distinctions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Shippey&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Awards and distinctions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1984 – <a href="/wiki/Mythopoeic_Society" title="Mythopoeic Society">Mythopoeic Award</a>, Mythopoeic Scholarship Award for Inkling Studies, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Middle-earth" class="mw-redirect" title="The Road to Middle-earth">The Road to Middle-earth</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Myth_1984_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myth_1984-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2001 – Mythopoeic Award, Mythopoeic Scholarship Award for Inkling Studies, <i><a href="/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien:_Author_of_the_Century" class="mw-redirect" title="J.R.R. Tolkien: Author of the Century">J.R.R. Tolkien: Author of the Century</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Myth_2001_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myth_2001-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2001 – <a href="/wiki/World_Fantasy_Award" title="World Fantasy Award">World Fantasy Award</a>, Special Award Professional, <i>J.R.R. Tolkien: Author of the Century</i><sup id="cite_ref-WFA_2001_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WFA_2001-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008 – Mythopoeic Award, Mythopoeic Scholarship Award for Myth and Fantasy Studies, <i>The Shadow-Walkers: Jacob Grimm's Mythology of the Monstrous</i><sup id="cite_ref-Myth_2008_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myth_2008-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008 -- <i><a href="/wiki/Festschrift" title="Festschrift">Festschrift</a></i> edited by Andrew Wawn, Graham Johnson and John Walter, <i>Constructing Nations, Reconstructing Myth</i>.</li> <li>2014 – <i>Festschrift</i> edited by John Wm. Houghton, <a href="/wiki/Janet_Brennan_Croft" title="Janet Brennan Croft">Janet Brennan Croft</a>, Nancy Martsch, <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rateliff" title="John D. Rateliff">John D. Rateliff</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robin_Anne_Reid" title="Robin Anne Reid">Robin Anne Reid</a>, <i>Tolkien in the New Century: Essays in Honor of Tom Shippey</i><sup id="cite_ref-Houghton_Croft_Martsch_2014_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houghton_Croft_Martsch_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2020 - <i>Festschrift</i>, edited by Eric Shane Bryan and Alaexander Ames, <i>Literary Speech Acts of the Medieval North: Essays inspired by the works of T A Shippey</i>,</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Shippey&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SFE-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SFE_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFE_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFE_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClute2013" class="citation web cs1">Clute, John (12 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/shippey_tom">"Shippey, Tom"</a>. <i>The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</i> (3rd online ed.)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Science+Fiction&rft.atitle=Shippey%2C+Tom&rft.date=2013-08-12&rft.aulast=Clute&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sf-encyclopedia.com%2Fentry%2Fshippey_tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Houghton_Croft_Martsch_2014-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Houghton_Croft_Martsch_2014_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Houghton_Croft_Martsch_2014_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Houghton_Croft_Martsch_2014_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Houghton_Croft_Martsch_2014_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoughtonCroftMartsch2014" class="citation book cs1">Houghton, John Wm.; <a href="/wiki/Janet_Brennan_Croft" title="Janet Brennan Croft">Croft, Janet Brennan</a>; Martsch, N., eds. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A_rsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PP1"><i>Tolkien in the New Century: Essays in Honor of Tom Shippey</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland</a>. pp. 1–5, 11–15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-1486-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-1486-1"><bdi>978-1-4766-1486-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tolkien+in+the+New+Century%3A+Essays+in+Honor+of+Tom+Shippey&rft.pages=1-5%2C+11-15&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4766-1486-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA_rsAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nagy2005-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nagy2005_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nagy2005_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNagy2005" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gergely_Nagy_(scholar)" title="Gergely Nagy (scholar)">Nagy, Gergely</a> (2005). "The Road to Middle-earth, Revised and Expanded Edition (review)". <i>Tolkien Studies</i>. <b>2</b> (1): 258–261. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Ftks.2005.0026">10.1353/tks.2005.0026</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170416664">170416664</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tolkien+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Road+to+Middle-earth%2C+Revised+and+Expanded+Edition+%28review%29&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=258-261&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Ftks.2005.0026&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170416664%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Nagy&rft.aufirst=Gergely&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Myth_1984-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Myth_1984_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Myth_1984_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mythsoc.org/awards/awards-winners.htm">"Mythopoeic Scholarship Award for Inkling Studies 1984"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mythopoeic_Society" title="Mythopoeic Society">Mythopoeic Society</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mythopoeic+Scholarship+Award+for+Inkling+Studies+1984&rft.pub=Mythopoeic+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mythsoc.org%2Fawards%2Fawards-winners.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Myth_2001-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Myth_2001_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Myth_2001_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mythsoc.org/awards/awards-winners.htm">"Mythopoeic Scholarship Award for Inkling Studies 2001"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mythopoeic_Society" title="Mythopoeic Society">Mythopoeic Society</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mythopoeic+Scholarship+Award+for+Inkling+Studies+2001&rft.pub=Mythopoeic+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mythsoc.org%2Fawards%2Fawards-winners.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Myth_2008-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Myth_2008_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Myth_2008_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mythsoc.org/awards/awards-2008-remarks.htm">"Mythopoeic Awards Acceptance Remarks – 2008"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mythopoeic_Society" title="Mythopoeic Society">Mythopoeic Society</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mythopoeic+Awards+Acceptance+Remarks+%E2%80%93+2008&rft.pub=Mythopoeic+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mythsoc.org%2Fawards%2Fawards-2008-remarks.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WFA_2001-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WFA_2001_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WFA_2001_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfadb.com/World_Fantasy_Awards_2001">"World Fantasy Awards. Special Award, Professional Winner 2001"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Fantasy+Awards.+Special+Award%2C+Professional+Winner+2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfadb.com%2FWorld_Fantasy_Awards_2001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hanley-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hanley_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hanley_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanley2008" class="citation web cs1">Hanley, Paul (8 February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unewsonline.com/?p=9331">"Let us introduce you to ... Thomas Shippey, PhD"</a>. <i>The University News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+University+News&rft.atitle=Let+us+introduce+you+to+...+Thomas+Shippey%2C+PhD&rft.date=2008-02-08&rft.aulast=Hanley&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unewsonline.com%2F%3Fp%3D9331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encyc-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-encyc_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encyc_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encyc_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/shippey-thomas-alan-1943">"Shippey, T(homas) A(lan) 1943-"</a>. Encyclopedia.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shippey%2C+T%28homas%29+A%28lan%29+1943-&rft.pub=Encyclopedia.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Farts%2Feducational-magazines%2Fshippey-thomas-alan-1943&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Preface-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Preface_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Preface_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Preface_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Preface_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Preface_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Preface_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShippey2005" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shippey, Tom</a> (2005) [1982]. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Middle-Earth" title="The Road to Middle-Earth">The Road to Middle-Earth</a></i> (Third ed.). <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. Preface to the Third Edition, pages xvii–xxi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-261-10275-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-261-10275-0"><bdi>978-0-261-10275-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Middle-Earth&rft.pages=Preface+to+the+Third+Edition%2C+pages+xvii-xxi&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-261-10275-0&rft.aulast=Shippey&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-white-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-white_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-white_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-white_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite" class="citation web cs1">White, Claire E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.writerswrite.com/journal/mar02/shippey.htm">"Talking Tolkien With Thomas Shippey"</a>. <i>The Internet Writing Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Internet+Writing+Journal&rft.atitle=Talking+Tolkien+With+Thomas+Shippey&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Claire+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.writerswrite.com%2Fjournal%2Fmar02%2Fshippey.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SLU_CV-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SLU_CV_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SLU_CV_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SLU_CV_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SLU_CV_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SLU_CV_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SLU_CV_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SLU_CV_12-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShippey2020" class="citation web cs1">Shippey, Tom (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slu.edu/arts-and-sciences/english/pdfs/shippeyvita2020.pdf">"Personal Statement"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_University" title="Saint Louis University">Saint Louis University</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Personal+Statement&rft.pub=Saint+Louis+University&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Shippey&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slu.edu%2Farts-and-sciences%2Fenglish%2Fpdfs%2Fshippeyvita2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHickes2010" class="citation news cs1">Hickes, Martin (10 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/leeds/2010/sep/10/jrr-tolkien-lord-of-the-rings-leeds">"JRR Tolkien and his overlooked connections with Leeds"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=JRR+Tolkien+and+his+overlooked+connections+with+Leeds&rft.date=2010-09-10&rft.aulast=Hickes&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fleeds%2F2010%2Fsep%2F10%2Fjrr-tolkien-lord-of-the-rings-leeds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Signum-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Signum_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://signumuniversity.org/directory/tom-shippey/">"Tom Shippey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Signum_University" title="Signum University">Signum University</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tom+Shippey&rft.pub=Signum+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsignumuniversity.org%2Fdirectory%2Ftom-shippey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tomshippey.com">complete list at tomshippey.com</a>: many of these works are now available online.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaarderShippey2005" class="citation book cs1">Haarder, Andreas; Shippey, Tom, eds. (15 August 2005). <i>Beowulf</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203979457">10.4324/9780203979457</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-97094-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-97094-0"><bdi>978-1-134-97094-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beowulf&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005-08-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780203979457&rft.isbn=978-1-134-97094-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShippeyArnold2005" class="citation book cs1">Shippey, Tom; Arnold, Martin, eds. (2005). <i>Studies in Medievalism (XIV)</i>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/D._S._Brewer" class="mw-redirect" title="D. S. Brewer">D. S. Brewer</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1843840633" title="Special:BookSources/978-1843840633"><bdi>978-1843840633</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Medievalism+%28XIV%29&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=D.+S.+Brewer&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1843840633&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShippey1993" class="citation book cs1">Shippey, Tom (1993). "Principles of Conversation in Beowulf". In Fox, Gwyneth; Hoey, Michael; Sinclair, John M. (eds.). <i>Techniques of Description</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203168097" title="Special:BookSources/9780203168097"><bdi>9780203168097</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Principles+of+Conversation+in+Beowulf&rft.btitle=Techniques+of+Description&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780203168097&rft.aulast=Shippey&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShippey2001" class="citation web cs1">Shippey, Tom (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medievalists.net/2009/05/wicked-queens-and-cousin-strategies-in-beowulf-and-elsewhere/">"Wicked Queens and Cousin Strategies in Beowulf and Elsewhere"</a>. <i>Medievalists.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medievalists.net&rft.atitle=Wicked+Queens+and+Cousin+Strategies+in+Beowulf+and+Elsewhere&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Shippey&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medievalists.net%2F2009%2F05%2Fwicked-queens-and-cousin-strategies-in-beowulf-and-elsewhere%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShippey1997" class="citation journal cs1">Shippey, Tom (1997). "Alternate Historians: Newt, Kingers, Harry, And Me". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Fantastic_in_the_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts">Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts</a></i>. <b>8</b> (1): 15–33. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43308277">43308277</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Fantastic+in+the+Arts&rft.atitle=Alternate+Historians%3A+Newt%2C+Kingers%2C+Harry%2C+And+Me&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=15-33&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43308277%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Shippey&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShippey2012" class="citation book cs1">Shippey, Tom (2012). "Historical Fiction and the Post-Imperial Arthur". In Fulton, Helen (ed.). <i>A Companion to Arthurian Literature</i>. Chichester: <a href="/wiki/Wiley-Blackwell" title="Wiley-Blackwell">Wiley-Blackwell</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781405157896" title="Special:BookSources/9781405157896"><bdi>9781405157896</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Historical+Fiction+and+the+Post-Imperial+Arthur&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Arthurian+Literature&rft.place=Chichester&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781405157896&rft.aulast=Shippey&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lönnroth_2019-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lönnroth_2019_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lönnroth_2019_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLönnroth2019" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lars_L%C3%B6nnroth" title="Lars Lönnroth">Lönnroth, Lars</a> (2019). "Laughing Shall I Die. Lives and Deaths of the Great Vikings by Tom Shippey". <i>Saga-Book</i>. <b>43</b>: 158–160. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/48617225">48617225</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Saga-Book&rft.atitle=Laughing+Shall+I+Die.+Lives+and+Deaths+of+the+Great+Vikings+by+Tom+Shippey&rft.volume=43&rft.pages=158-160&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F48617225%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=L%C3%B6nnroth&rft.aufirst=Lars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uppsalabooks.com">uppsalabooks.com</a>, which lists his video appearances on social media.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryanAmes2020" class="citation book cs1">Bryan, Eric; Ames, Alexander (2020). <i>Literary Speech Acts of the Medieval North: Essays inspired by the works of T.A. Shippey</i>. Arizona Center for Medieval & Renaissance Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0866986106" title="Special:BookSources/978-0866986106"><bdi>978-0866986106</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Literary+Speech+Acts+of+the+Medieval+North%3A+Essays+inspired+by+the+works+of+T.A.+Shippey&rft.pub=Arizona+Center+for+Medieval+%26+Renaissance+Studies&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0866986106&rft.aulast=Bryan&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.au=Ames%2C+Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brianaldiss.co.uk/writing/novels/novels-h-l/helliconia/#shippey">"Tom Shippeys's Introduction to Helliconia"</a>. <i>Brian Aldiss Official Website</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brian+Aldiss+Official+Website&rft.atitle=Tom+Shippeys%27s+Introduction+to+Helliconia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrianaldiss.co.uk%2Fwriting%2Fnovels%2Fnovels-h-l%2Fhelliconia%2F%23shippey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harrison_2014-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harrison_2014_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Harrison_(writer)" title="Harry Harrison (writer)">Harrison, Harry</a> (2014). <i>Harry Harrison! Harry Harrison! : it seemed like a good idea at the time</i>. Tor, A Tom Doherty Associates Book. West of Eden. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7653-3308-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7653-3308-7"><bdi>978-0-7653-3308-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/889324087">889324087</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harry+Harrison%21+Harry+Harrison%21+%3A+it+seemed+like+a+good+idea+at+the+time&rft.pages=West+of+Eden&rft.pub=Tor%2C+A+Tom+Doherty+Associates+Book&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F889324087&rft.isbn=978-0-7653-3308-7&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Harry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wsj-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wsj_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsj_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsj_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://online.wsj.com/search/term.html?KEYWORDS=TOM+SHIPPEY&bylinesearch=true">"Shippey's WSJ reviews"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shippey%27s+WSJ+reviews&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Fsearch%2Fterm.html%3FKEYWORDS%3DTOM%2BSHIPPEY%26bylinesearch%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlish2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Blish" title="James Blish">Blish, James</a> (2009). Shippey, Tom (ed.). <i>Flights of Eagles</i> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/NESFA_Press" title="NESFA Press">NESFA Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-886778-86-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-886778-86-3"><bdi>978-1-886778-86-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flights+of+Eagles&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=NESFA+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-886778-86-3&rft.aulast=Blish&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woodwose-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Woodwose_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woodwose_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShippey2005" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shippey, Tom</a> (2005) [1982]. <i>The Road to Middle-Earth</i> (Third ed.). <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. p. 74, footnote. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-261-10275-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-261-10275-0"><bdi>978-0-261-10275-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Middle-Earth&rft.pages=74%2C+footnote&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-261-10275-0&rft.aulast=Shippey&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ch_9-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ch_9_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShippey2005" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shippey, Tom</a> (2005) [1982]. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Middle-Earth" title="The Road to Middle-Earth">The Road to Middle-Earth</a></i> (Third ed.). <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. ch. 9 "The Course of Actual Composition". <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-261-10275-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-261-10275-0"><bdi>978-0-261-10275-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Middle-Earth&rft.pages=ch.+9+%22The+Course+of+Actual+Composition%22&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-261-10275-0&rft.aulast=Shippey&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Traumatised-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Traumatised_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShippey2005" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shippey, Tom</a> (2005) [1982]. <i>The Road to Middle-Earth</i> (Third ed.). <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. pp. 100–101, 371, 374–375. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-261-10275-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-261-10275-0"><bdi>978-0-261-10275-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Middle-Earth&rft.pages=100-101%2C+371%2C+374-375&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-261-10275-0&rft.aulast=Shippey&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yates_1984-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yates_1984_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYates1984" class="citation journal cs1">Yates, Jessica (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol9/iss4/15">"The Road Goes Ever On"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mythlore" title="Mythlore">Mythlore</a></i>. <b>9</b> (4). article 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mythlore&rft.atitle=The+Road+Goes+Ever+On&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=article+15&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdc.swosu.edu%2Fmythlore%2Fvol9%2Fiss4%2F15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodKnight1993" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Glen_GoodKnight" title="Glen GoodKnight">GoodKnight, Glen</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol19/iss3/14">"The Road Goes Ever On"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mythlore" title="Mythlore">Mythlore</a></i>. <b>19</b> (3). article 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mythlore&rft.atitle=The+Road+Goes+Ever+On&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=article+14&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=GoodKnight&rft.aufirst=Glen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdc.swosu.edu%2Fmythlore%2Fvol19%2Fiss3%2F14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_vis=1&q=Tom+Shippey&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5">"Tom Shippey"</a>. <i>Google Scholar</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Scholar&rft.atitle=Tom+Shippey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.co.uk%2Fscholar%3Fas_vis%3D1%26q%3DTom%2BShippey%26hl%3Den%26as_sdt%3D0%2C5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDroutWynne2000" class="citation journal cs1">Drout, M. D.; Wynne, H. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f0131cce-4e2e-4ac6-9d86-5bd7df17ed40/files/rsx61dm627">"Tom Shippey's JRR Tolkien: Author of the Century and a look back at Tolkien criticism since 1982"</a>. <i>Envoi</i>. <b>9</b> (2).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Envoi&rft.atitle=Tom+Shippey%27s+JRR+Tolkien%3A+Author+of+the+Century+and+a+look+back+at+Tolkien+criticism+since+1982&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Drout&rft.aufirst=M.+D.&rft.au=Wynne%2C+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fora.ox.ac.uk%2Fobjects%2Fuuid%3Af0131cce-4e2e-4ac6-9d86-5bd7df17ed40%2Ffiles%2Frsx61dm627&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNagy2017" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gergely_Nagy_(scholar)" title="Gergely Nagy (scholar)">Nagy, Gergely</a> (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholar.valpo.edu/journaloftolkienresearch/vol4/iss1/7">"[Review] Tolkien in the New Century: Essays in Honor of Tom Shippey (2014), edited by John Wm. Houghton, Janet Brennan Croft, Nancy Martsch, John D. Rateliff, and Robin Anne Reid"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Tolkien_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Tolkien Research">Journal of Tolkien Research</a></i>. <b>4</b> (1). Article 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Tolkien+Research&rft.atitle=%5BReview%5D+Tolkien+in+the+New+Century%3A+Essays+in+Honor+of+Tom+Shippey+%282014%29%2C+edited+by+John+Wm.+Houghton%2C+Janet+Brennan+Croft%2C+Nancy+Martsch%2C+John+D.+Rateliff%2C+and+Robin+Anne+Reid&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=Article+7&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Nagy&rft.aufirst=Gergely&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.valpo.edu%2Fjournaloftolkienresearch%2Fvol4%2Fiss1%2F7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swarthmore-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Swarthmore_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShippey2014" class="citation web cs1">Shippey, Tom (8 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swarthmore.edu/news-events/tolkien-book-to-jackson-script-medium-and-message">"Tolkien Book to Jackson Script: The Medium and the Message"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Swarthmore_College" title="Swarthmore College">Swarthmore College</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mace+Archive&rft.atitle=Tolkien+Remembered&rft.date=2017-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macearchive.org%2Ffilms%2Ftolkien-remembered&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whatismymovie.com/item?item=0297196">"J.R.R.T.: A Film Portrait of J.R.R. Tolkien (1996)"</a>. <i>What Is My Movie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=What+Is+My+Movie&rft.atitle=J.R.R.T.%3A+A+Film+Portrait+of+J.R.R.+Tolkien+%281996%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whatismymovie.com%2Fitem%3Fitem%3D0297196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDixon2001" class="citation news cs1">Dixon, Greg (29 November 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/rings-masters-accidental-circus/4PQTKUKKQPZNGKRIL4RK3ZWMXI/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Rings' master's accidental circus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=%27Rings%27+master%27s+accidental+circus&rft.date=2001-11-29&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Flifestyle%2Frings-masters-accidental-circus%2F4PQTKUKKQPZNGKRIL4RK3ZWMXI%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2007" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Kristin (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1odPDYvGBygC&pg=PA118"><i>The Frodo Franchise: The Lord of the Rings and Modern Hollywood</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. p. 118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520258136" title="Special:BookSources/9780520258136"><bdi>9780520258136</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Frodo+Franchise%3A+The+Lord+of+the+Rings+and+Modern+Hollywood&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780520258136&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Kristin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1odPDYvGBygC%26pg%3DPA118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.movie-films.com/titles/127379/jrr-tolkien-origins-of-middle-earth">"J.R.R. 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Tom Shippey during The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun Online Release Party (09.05.09) – comments (1)"</a>. <i>Tolkien Library</i>. Pieter Collier.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tolkien+Library&rft.atitle=Transcript+of+chat+session+with+Pr.+Tom+Shippey+during+The+Legend+of+Sigurd+and+Gudrun+Online+Release+Party+%2809.05.09%29+%E2%80%93+comments+%281%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tolkienlibrary.com%2Fpress%2F885-Tom_Shippey_chat_session.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?q=Tom+Shippey&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&as_vis=1">"Tom Shippey"</a>. Google Scholar<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tom+Shippey&rft.pub=Google+Scholar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.co.uk%2Fscholar%3Fq%3DTom%2BShippey%26hl%3Den%26as_sdt%3D0%2C5%26as_vis%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Shippey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Shippey&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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R. R. Tolkien"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:J._R._R._Tolkien" title="Template talk:J. R. R. Tolkien"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:J._R._R._Tolkien" title="Special:EditPage/Template:J. R. R. Tolkien"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="J._R._R._Tolkien" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien_bibliography" title="J. R. R. Tolkien bibliography">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Letters_of_J._R._R._Tolkien" title="The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien">Letters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_poetry" title="Tolkien's poetry">Poetry<br />and songs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Songs_for_the_Philologists" title="Songs for the Philologists">Songs for the Philologists</a></i> (1936) <ul><li>"<i><a href="/wiki/Bagme_Bloma" title="Bagme Bloma">Bagme Bloma</a></i>"</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Homecoming_of_Beorhtnoth_Beorhthelm%27s_Son" title="The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm's Son">The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm's Son</a></i> (1953)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Walking_Song" title="A Walking Song">A Walking Song</a>" (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tom_Bombadil" title="The Adventures of Tom Bombadil">The Adventures of Tom Bombadil</a></i> (1962) <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Errantry" title="Errantry">Errantry</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fastitocalon_(poem)" title="Fastitocalon (poem)">Fastitocalon</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Sea-Bell" title="The Sea-Bell">The Sea-Bell</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Man_in_the_Moon_Stayed_Up_Too_Late" title="The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late">The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_Goes_Ever_On" title="The Road Goes Ever On">The Road Goes Ever On</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bilbo%27s_Last_Song" title="Bilbo's Last Song">Bilbo's Last Song</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Sigurd_and_Gudr%C3%BAn" title="The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún">The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Arthur" title="The Fall of Arthur">The Fall of Arthur</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Collected_Poems_of_J.R.R._Tolkien" title="The Collected Poems of J.R.R. Tolkien">The Collected Poems of J.R.R. Tolkien</a></i> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tolkien%27s_alliterative_verse" title="List of Tolkien's alliterative verse">List of Tolkien's alliterative verse</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tolkien_monogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tolkien_monogram.svg/50px-Tolkien_monogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tolkien_monogram.svg/75px-Tolkien_monogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tolkien_monogram.svg/100px-Tolkien_monogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="43" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit" title="The Hobbit">The Hobbit</a></i> (1937)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Leaf_by_Niggle" title="Leaf by Niggle">Leaf by Niggle</a>" (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lay_of_Aotrou_and_Itroun" title="The Lay of Aotrou and Itroun">The Lay of Aotrou and Itroun</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Farmer_Giles_of_Ham" title="Farmer Giles of Ham">Farmer Giles of Ham</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i>: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Towers" title="The Two Towers">The Two Towers</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a></i> (1955)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tree_and_Leaf" title="Tree and Leaf">Tree and Leaf</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tolkien_Reader" title="The Tolkien Reader">The Tolkien Reader</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smith_of_Wootton_Major" title="Smith of Wootton Major">Smith of Wootton Major</a></i> (1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Posthumous <br /> fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Father_Christmas_Letters" title="The Father Christmas Letters">The Father Christmas Letters</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Silmarillion" title="The Silmarillion">The Silmarillion</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unfinished_Tales" title="Unfinished Tales">Unfinished Tales</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Bliss" title="Mr. Bliss">Mr. Bliss</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Middle-earth" title="The History of Middle-earth">The History of Middle-earth</a></i> (1983–1996) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Lost_Tales" title="The Book of Lost Tales">The Book of Lost Tales</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lays_of_Beleriand" title="The Lays of Beleriand">The Lays of Beleriand</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Shaping_of_Middle-earth" title="The Shaping of Middle-earth">The Shaping of Middle-earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Road_and_Other_Writings" title="The Lost Road and Other Writings">The Lost Road and Other Writings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The History of The Lord of the Rings">The History of The Lord of the Rings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Morgoth%27s_Ring" title="Morgoth's Ring">Morgoth's Ring</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jewels" title="The War of the Jewels">The War of the Jewels</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Peoples_of_Middle-earth" title="The Peoples of Middle-earth">The Peoples of Middle-earth</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roverandom" title="Roverandom">Roverandom</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Children_of_H%C3%BArin" title="The Children of Húrin">The Children of Húrin</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_The_Hobbit" title="The History of The Hobbit">The History of The Hobbit</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Kullervo" title="The Story of Kullervo">The Story of Kullervo</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beren_and_L%C3%BAthien" title="Beren and Lúthien">Beren and Lúthien</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Gondolin" title="The Fall of Gondolin">The Fall of Gondolin</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nature_of_Middle-earth" title="The Nature of Middle-earth">The Nature of Middle-earth</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_N%C3%BAmenor" title="The Fall of Númenor">The Fall of Númenor</a></i> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academic<br />works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="wrap"> <i><a href="/wiki/Sir_Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight" title="Sir Gawain and the Green Knight">Sir Gawain and the Green Knight</a></i> (Middle English text, 1925) </span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Devil%27s_Coach_Horses" title="The Devil's Coach Horses">The Devil's Coach Horses</a>" (1925)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ancrene_Wisse_and_Hali_Mei%C3%B0had" title="Ancrene Wisse and Hali Meiðhad">Ancrene Wisse and Hali Meiðhad</a>" (1929)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sigelwara_Land" title="Sigelwara Land">Sigelwara Land</a>" (1932–34)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Chaucer_as_a_Philologist:_The_Reeve%27s_Tale" title="Chaucer as a Philologist: The Reeve's Tale">Chaucer as a Philologist: The Reeve's Tale</a>" (1934)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Beowulf:_The_Monsters_and_the_Critics" title="Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics"><i>Beowulf</i>: The Monsters and the Critics</a>" (1936)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_Fairy-Stories" title="On Fairy-Stories">On Fairy-Stories</a>" (1939) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucatastrophe" title="Eucatastrophe">Eucatastrophe</a></li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_Translating_Beowulf" title="On Translating Beowulf">On Translating <i>Beowulf</i></a><span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sir_Orfeo" title="Sir Orfeo">Sir Orfeo</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ancrene_Wisse" title="Ancrene Wisse">Ancrene Wisse</a></i> (1962)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/English_and_Welsh" title="English and Welsh">English and Welsh</a>" (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Bible" title="Jerusalem Bible">Jerusalem Bible</a></i> (as translator and lexicographer, 1966)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Posthumous <br /> academic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="wrap"> <i><a href="/wiki/Sir_Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight" title="Sir Gawain and the Green Knight">Sir Gawain and the Green Knight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pearl_(poem)" title="Pearl (poem)">Pearl</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sir_Orfeo" title="Sir Orfeo">Sir Orfeo</a></i> (translations, 1975) </span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Exodus_(poem)" title="Exodus (poem)">Exodus</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Finn_and_Hengest" title="Finn and Hengest">Finn and Hengest</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Monsters_and_the_Critics,_and_Other_Essays" title="The Monsters and the Critics, and Other Essays">The Monsters and the Critics, and Other Essays</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf_and_the_Critics" title="Beowulf and the Critics">Beowulf and the Critics</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf:_A_Translation_and_Commentary" title="Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary">Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary</a></i> with "<a href="/wiki/Sellic_Spell" title="Sellic Spell">Sellic Spell</a>" (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Secret_Vice" title="A Secret Vice">A Secret Vice</a></i> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biographers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Carpenter" title="Humphrey Carpenter">Humphrey Carpenter</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien:_A_Biography" title="J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography">J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography</a></i> (1977, authorized biography)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Garth_(author)" title="John Garth (author)">John Garth</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_Great_War" title="Tolkien and the Great War">Tolkien and the Great War</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Worlds_of_J._R._R._Tolkien" title="The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien">The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_McIlwaine" title="Catherine McIlwaine">Catherine McIlwaine</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien:_Maker_of_Middle-earth" title="Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth">Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Moseley_(writer)" title="Charles Moseley (writer)">Charles Moseley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Middle-earth" title="Christianity in Middle-earth">Christian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stratford_Caldecott" title="Stratford Caldecott">Stratford Caldecott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_T._Dickerson" title="Matthew T. Dickerson">Matthew T. Dickerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Duriez" title="Colin Duriez">Colin Duriez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kreeft" title="Peter Kreeft">Peter Kreeft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holly_Ordway" title="Holly Ordway">Holly Ordway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pearce" title="Joseph Pearce">Joseph Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleming_Rutledge" title="Fleming Rutledge">Fleming Rutledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_C._Wood" title="Ralph C. Wood">Ralph C. Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_research" title="Tolkien research">Literary<br />critics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A._Anderson" title="Douglas A. Anderson">Douglas A. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Birns" title="Nicholas Birns">Nicholas Birns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_J._Birzer" title="Bradley J. Birzer">Bradley J. Birzer</a></li> <li>Janice Bogstad & Philip Kaveny <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Picturing_Tolkien" title="Picturing Tolkien">Picturing Tolkien</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bratman" title="David Bratman">David Bratman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Brennan_Croft" title="Janet Brennan Croft">Janet Brennan Croft</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_on_Film" title="Tolkien on Film">Tolkien on Film</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Curry" title="Patrick Curry">Patrick Curry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradford_Lee_Eden" title="Bradford Lee Eden">Bradford Lee Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitra_Fimi" title="Dimitra Fimi">Dimitra Fimi</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien,_Race_and_Cultural_History" title="Tolkien, Race and Cultural History">Tolkien, Race and Cultural History</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Fisher" title="Jason Fisher">Jason Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verlyn_Flieger" title="Verlyn Flieger">Verlyn Flieger</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interrupted_Music" title="Interrupted Music">Interrupted Music</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Question_of_Time_(book)" title="A Question of Time (book)">A Question of Time</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Splintered_Light" title="Splintered Light">Splintered Light</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foster_(Tolkien_scholar)" title="Michael Foster (Tolkien scholar)">Michael Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Groom" title="Nick Groom">Nick Groom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_G._Hammond" title="Wayne G. Hammond">Wayne G. Hammond</a> & <a href="/wiki/Christina_Scull" title="Christina Scull">Christina Scull</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien:_A_Descriptive_Bibliography" title="J. R. R. Tolkien: A Descriptive Bibliography">J. R. R. Tolkien: A Descriptive Bibliography</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_A_Reader%27s_Companion" title="The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion">The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien:_Artist_and_Illustrator" title="J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator">J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_J._R._R._Tolkien_Companion_and_Guide" title="The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide">The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randel_Helms" title="Randel Helms">Randel Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Honegger" title="Thomas Honegger">Thomas Honegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Huttar" title="Charles A. Huttar">Charles A. Huttar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_H._Kocher" title="Paul H. Kocher">Paul H. Kocher</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Middle-Earth" title="Master of Middle-Earth">Master of Middle-Earth</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_D._Lee" title="Stuart D. Lee">Stuart D. Lee</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Keys_of_Middle-earth" title="The Keys of Middle-earth">The Keys of Middle-earth</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Lobdell" title="Jared Lobdell">Jared Lobdell</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Tolkien_Compass" title="A Tolkien Compass">A Tolkien Compass</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Rateliff" title="John D. Rateliff">John D. Rateliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Anne_Reid" title="Robin Anne Reid">Robin Anne Reid</a></li> <li>Brian Rosebury <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien:_A_Cultural_Phenomenon" title="Tolkien: A Cultural Phenomenon">Tolkien: A Cultural Phenomenon</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_H._Sturgis" title="Amy H. Sturgis">Amy H. Sturgis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Vaninskaya" title="Anna Vaninskaya">Anna Vaninskaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_C._West" title="Richard C. West">Richard C. West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Whittingham" title="Elizabeth Whittingham">Elizabeth Whittingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Zimbardo" title="Rose Zimbardo">Rose Zimbardo</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Understanding_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Understanding The Lord of the Rings">Understanding The Lord of the Rings</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_constructed_by_Tolkien" title="Languages constructed by Tolkien">Linguists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Appleyard" title="Anthony Appleyard">Anthony Appleyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helge_Fauskanger" title="Helge Fauskanger">Helge Fauskanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_F._Hostetter" title="Carl F. Hostetter">Carl F. Hostetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Loback" title="Tom Loback">Tom Loback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Salo" title="David Salo">David Salo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arden_R._Smith" title="Arden R. Smith">Arden R. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Turner" title="Allan Turner">Allan Turner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_medieval" title="Tolkien and the medieval">Medievalists</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_classical_world" title="Tolkien and the classical world">Classicists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Burns" title="Marjorie Burns">Marjorie Burns</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Perilous_Realms" title="Perilous Realms">Perilous Realms</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Chance" title="Jane Chance">Jane Chance</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_Invention_of_Myth" title="Tolkien and the Invention of Myth">Tolkien and the Invention of Myth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_Art:_%27A_Mythology_for_England%27" title="Tolkien's Art: 'A Mythology for England'">Tolkien's Art: 'A Mythology for England'</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_D._C._Drout" title="Michael D. C. Drout">Michael D. C. Drout</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien_Encyclopedia" title="J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia">J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Evans_(scholar)" title="Jonathan Evans (scholar)">Jonathan Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Ferr%C3%A9" title="Vincent Ferré">Vincent Ferré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gergely_Nagy_(scholar)" title="Gergely Nagy (scholar)">Gergely Nagy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tom Shippey</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien:_Author_of_the_Century" title="J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century">J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Middle-Earth" title="The Road to Middle-Earth">The Road to Middle-Earth</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Solopova" title="Elizabeth Solopova">Elizabeth Solopova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Ballif_Straubhaar" title="Sandra Ballif Straubhaar">Sandra Ballif Straubhaar</a></li> <li>Hamish Williams <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_Classical_World_(book)" title="Tolkien and the Classical World (book)">Tolkien and the Classical World</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_fandom" title="Tolkien fandom">Popular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Carter" title="Lin Carter">Lin Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Guide_to_Middle-earth" title="The Complete Guide to Middle-earth">Robert Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_GoodKnight" title="Glen GoodKnight">Glen GoodKnight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Martinez_(Tolkien_scholar)" title="Michael Martinez (Tolkien scholar)">Michael Martinez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Noad" title="Charles Noad">Charles Noad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Tyler" title="Tony Tyler">J. E. A. Tyler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_family" title="Tolkien family">Family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier_Morgan" title="Francis Xavier Morgan">Francis Xavier Morgan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influences_on_Tolkien" title="Influences on Tolkien">Influences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_artwork" title="Tolkien's artwork">Artwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_constructed_by_Tolkien" title="Languages constructed by Tolkien">Languages constructed by Tolkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_Tolkien%27s_Middle-earth_writings" title="Impact of Tolkien's Middle-earth writings">Impact of Tolkien's Middle-earth writings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inklings" title="Inklings">Inklings</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mythlore" title="Mythlore">Mythlore</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeic_Society" title="Mythopoeic Society">Mythopoeic Society</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elvish_Linguistic_Fellowship" title="Elvish Linguistic Fellowship">Elvish Linguistic Fellowship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_impact_on_fantasy" title="Tolkien's impact on fantasy">Tolkien's impact on fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_modernists" title="Tolkien and the modernists">Tolkien and the modernists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_Estate" title="Tolkien Estate">Tolkien Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_fandom" title="Tolkien fandom">Tolkien fandom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_fan_fiction" title="Tolkien fan fiction">Tolkien fan fiction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tolkien_Society" title="The Tolkien Society">The Tolkien Society</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_Society_Awards" title="Tolkien Society Awards">Awards</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_Studies" title="Tolkien Studies">Tolkien Studies</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_J._R._R._Tolkien_and_his_works" title="List of things named after J. R. R. Tolkien and his works">Memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_reception_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Literary reception of The Lord of the Rings">Reception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_research" title="Tolkien research">Tolkien research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_inspired_by_Tolkien" title="Works inspired by Tolkien">Works inspired by Tolkien</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_(film)" title="Tolkien (film)">Tolkien</a></i> (biographical film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poems_and_Songs_of_Middle_Earth" title="Poems and Songs of Middle Earth">Poems and Songs of Middle Earth</a></i> (album)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Language_and_Human_Nature" title="Language and Human Nature">Language and Human Nature</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ring_of_Words:_Tolkien_and_the_Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary">The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Fantasy_Special_Award—Professional" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Fantasy_Special_Award_Professional" title="Template:World Fantasy Special Award Professional"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Fantasy_Special_Award_Professional" title="Template talk:World Fantasy Special Award Professional"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Fantasy_Special_Award_Professional" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Fantasy Special Award Professional"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Fantasy_Special_Award—Professional" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Fantasy_Award" title="World Fantasy Award">World Fantasy Special Award</a>—<a href="/wiki/World_Fantasy_Special_Award%E2%80%94Professional" title="World Fantasy Special Award—Professional">Professional</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Ballantine" title="Ian Ballantine">Ian Ballantine</a> / <a href="/wiki/Betty_Ballantine" title="Betty Ballantine">Betty Ballantine</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_M._Grant" title="Donald M. Grant">Donald M. Grant</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shelley_Torgeson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shelley Torgeson (page does not exist)">Shelley Torgeson</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Torgeson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roy Torgeson (page does not exist)">Roy Torgeson</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._F._Bleiler" title="E. F. Bleiler">Everett F. Bleiler</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_L._Ferman" title="Edward L. Ferman">Edward L. Ferman</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_M._Grant" title="Donald M. Grant">Donald M. Grant</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Wollheim" title="Donald A. Wollheim">Donald A. Wollheim</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_L._Ferman" title="Edward L. Ferman">Edward L. Ferman</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_M._Grant" title="Donald M. Grant">Donald M. Grant</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Ballantine" title="Ian Ballantine">Ian Ballantine</a> / <a href="/wiki/Betty_Ballantine" title="Betty Ballantine">Betty Ballantine</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joy_Chant" title="Joy Chant">Joy Chant</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Sharp_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Sharp (author) (page does not exist)">George Sharp</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Larkin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Larkin (page does not exist)">David Larkin</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Van_Allsburg" title="Chris Van Allsburg">Chris Van Allsburg</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_LoBrutto" title="Pat LoBrutto">Pat LoBrutto</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Yolen" title="Jane Yolen">Jane Yolen</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_G._Hartwell" title="David G. Hartwell">David G. Hartwell</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terri_Windling" title="Terri Windling">Terri Windling</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Weinberg_(author)" title="Robert Weinberg (author)">Robert Weinberg</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_V._Ziesing" title="Mark V. Ziesing">Mark V. Ziesing</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnie_Fenner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnie Fenner (page does not exist)">Arnie Fenner</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Scithers" title="George H. Scithers">George Scithers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Darrell_Schweitzer" title="Darrell Schweitzer">Darrell Schweitzer</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Cavelos" title="Jeanne Cavelos">Jeanne Cavelos</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_Underwood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tim Underwood (page does not exist)">Tim Underwood</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuck_Miller_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuck Miller (author) (page does not exist)">Chuck Miller</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Datlow" title="Ellen Datlow">Ellen Datlow</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Evans_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Evans (author) (page does not exist)">Richard Evans</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Weldon" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael J. Weldon">Michael J. Weldon</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Clute" title="John Clute">John Clute</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Grant_(author)" title="John Grant (author)">John Grant</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Turner_(editor)" title="Jim Turner (editor)">Jim Turner</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Van_Gelder" title="Gordon Van Gelder">Gordon Van Gelder</a> (2000)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tom Shippey</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Fletcher" title="Jo Fletcher">Jo Fletcher</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jones_(author)" title="Stephen Jones (author)">Stephen Jones</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Van_Gelder" title="Gordon Van Gelder">Gordon Van Gelder</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Crowther" title="Peter Crowther">Peter Crowther</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._T._Joshi" title="S. T. Joshi">S. T. Joshi</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Wallace" title="Sean Wallace">Sean Wallace</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Asher" title="Ellen Asher">Ellen Asher</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Crowther" title="Peter Crowther">Peter Crowther</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Link" title="Kelly Link">Kelly Link</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Grant_(editor)" title="Gavin Grant (editor)">Gavin Grant</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Strahan" title="Jonathan Strahan">Jonathan Strahan</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Gascoigne" title="Marc Gascoigne">Marc Gascoigne</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Lane_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Lane (author) (page does not exist)">Eric Lane</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucia_Graves" title="Lucia Graves">Lucia Graves</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irene_Gallo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irene Gallo (page does not exist)">Irene Gallo</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_K._Schafer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William K. Schafer (page does not exist)">William K. Schafer</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Kasturi" title="Sandra Kasturi">Sandra Kasturi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brett_Alexander_Savory" title="Brett Alexander Savory">Brett Alexander Savory</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jones_(author)" title="Stephen Jones (author)">Stephen Jones</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_M._Levy" title="Michael M. Levy">Michael Levy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Farah_Mendlesohn" title="Farah Mendlesohn">Farah Mendlesohn</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Brockway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Brockway (page does not exist)">Harry Brockway</a> / <a href="/wiki/Patrick_McGrath_(novelist)" title="Patrick McGrath (novelist)">Patrick McGrath</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Danel_Olson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danel Olson (page does not exist)">Danel Olson</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huw_Lewis-Jones" title="Huw Lewis-Jones">Huw Lewis-Jones</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebony_Elizabeth_Thomas" title="Ebony Elizabeth Thomas">Ebony Elizabeth Thomas</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Coleman_Finlay" title="Charles Coleman Finlay">Charles Coleman Finlay</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Beowulf" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Beowulf" title="Template:Beowulf"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Beowulf" title="Template talk:Beowulf"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Beowulf" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Beowulf"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Beowulf" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliterative_verse" title="Alliterative verse">Alliterative verse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenning" title="Kenning">Kenning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clans<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Beowulf_characters" title="List of Beowulf characters">characters</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geats" title="Geats">Geats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beowulf_(hero)" title="Beowulf (hero)">Beowulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heardred" title="Heardred">Heardred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygd" title="Hygd">Hygd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygelac" title="Hygelac">Hygelac</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundings" title="Hundings">Hundings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scylding" title="Scylding">Scyldings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86schere" title="Æschere">Æschere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healfdene" title="Healfdene">Healfdene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heorogar" title="Heorogar">Heorogar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrothgar" title="Hrothgar">Hroðgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfer%C3%B0" title="Unferð">Unferð</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yngling" title="Yngling">Scylfings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eadgils" title="Eadgils">Eadgils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eanmund" title="Eanmund">Eanmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohthere" title="Ohthere">Ohthere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onela" title="Onela">Onela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ongentheow" title="Ongentheow">Ongentheow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waegmundings" class="mw-redirect" title="Waegmundings">Waegmundings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecg%C3%BEeow" title="Ecgþeow">Ecgþeow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weohstan" title="Weohstan">Weohstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiglaf" title="Wiglaf">Wiglaf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfings" title="Wulfings">Wulfings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wealhtheow" title="Wealhtheow">Wealhtheow</a></li></ul></li> <li>Monsters <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grendel" title="Grendel">Grendel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grendel%27s_mother" title="Grendel's mother">Grendel's mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_dragon_(Beowulf)" title="The dragon (Beowulf)">The Dragon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beowulf_Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV_f._132r.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="First page of Beowulf (Anglo-Saxon copy)"><img alt="First page of Beowulf (Anglo-Saxon copy)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Beowulf_Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV_f._132r.jpg/75px-Beowulf_Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV_f._132r.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Beowulf_Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV_f._132r.jpg/113px-Beowulf_Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV_f._132r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Beowulf_Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV_f._132r.jpg/150px-Beowulf_Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV_f._132r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4098" data-file-height="6868" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Translating_Beowulf" title="Translating Beowulf">Translating<br /><i>Beowulf</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_translations_of_Beowulf" title="List of translations of Beowulf">List of translations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_Heaney" title="Seamus Heaney">Seamus Heaney</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf:_A_New_Verse_Translation" title="Beowulf: A New Verse Translation">Beowulf: A New Verse Translation</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf:_A_Translation_and_Commentary" title="Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary">Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Beowulf:_The_Monsters_and_the_Critics" title="Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics"><i>Beowulf</i>: The Monsters and the Critics</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf_and_the_Critics" title="Beowulf and the Critics">Beowulf and the Critics</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_Translating_Beowulf" title="On Translating Beowulf">On Translating <i>Beowulf</i></a><span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sellic_Spell" title="Sellic Spell">Sellic Spell</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Finn_and_Hengest" title="Finn and Hengest">Finn and Hengest</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nora_K._Chadwick" title="Nora K. Chadwick">Nora K. Chadwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_D._C._Drout" title="Michael D. C. Drout">Michael D. C. Drout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._Fulk" title="Robert D. Fulk">Robert D. Fulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Kiernan_(scholar)" title="Kevin Kiernan (scholar)">Kevin Kiernan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Neidorf" title="Leonard Neidorf">Leonard Neidorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Niles_(scholar)" title="John Niles (scholar)">John D. Niles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Russom" title="Geoffrey Russom">Geoffrey Russom</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tom Shippey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_adaptations_of_Beowulf" title="List of adaptations of Beowulf">Adaptations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Anglo-Saxon paganism">Anglo-Saxon paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Finnsburg" title="Battle of Finnsburg">Battle of Finnsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beowulf_and_Middle-earth" title="Beowulf and Middle-earth"><i>Beowulf</i> and Middle-Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heorot" title="Heorot">Heorot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrunting" title="Hrunting">Hrunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A6gling" title="Nægling">Nægling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowell_Codex" title="Nowell Codex">Nowell Codex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95120#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95120#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95120#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/123352568">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83066141">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12028523t">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12028523t">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00475017">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35496695">Australia</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35273695">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0001828&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070178399">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90554809">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000235607&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC202237318">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/xv8cjlrg12p3ltf">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810647752405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/306283">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007275286405171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14528292">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04367845?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd123352568.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/123352568">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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