CINXE.COM

Home || Linkinsciences

<!-- DEBUG-VIEW START 2 APPPATH/Views/single_past_conference_proceedings.php --> <!-- DEBUG-VIEW START 1 APPPATH/Views/layouts/base.php --> <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <script type="text/javascript" id="debugbar_loader" data-time="1732314322" src="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/?debugbar"></script><script type="text/javascript" id="debugbar_dynamic_script"></script><style type="text/css" id="debugbar_dynamic_style"></style><script class="kint-rich-script">void 0===window.kintShared&&(window.kintShared=function(){"use strict";var e={dedupe:function(e,n){return[].forEach.call(document.querySelectorAll(e),function(e){e!==(n=!n||!n.ownerDocument.contains(n)?e:n)&&e.parentNode.removeChild(e)}),n},runOnce:function(e){"complete"===document.readyState?e():window.addEventListener("load",e)}};return window.addEventListener("click",function(e){var n;e.target.classList.contains("kint-ide-link")&&((n=new XMLHttpRequest).open("GET",e.target.href),n.send(null),e.preventDefault())}),e}()); void 0===window.kintRich&&(window.kintRich=function(){"use strict";var l={selectText:function(e){var t=window.getSelection(),a=document.createRange();a.selectNodeContents(e),t.removeAllRanges(),t.addRange(a)},each:function(e,t){Array.prototype.slice.call(document.querySelectorAll(e),0).forEach(t)},hasClass:function(e,t){return!!e.classList&&e.classList.contains(t=void 0===t?"kint-show":t)},addClass:function(e,t){e.classList.add(t=void 0===t?"kint-show":t)},removeClass:function(e,t){return e.classList.remove(t=void 0===t?"kint-show":t),e},toggle:function(e,t){var a=l.getChildren(e);a&&((t=void 0===t?l.hasClass(e):t)?l.removeClass(e):l.addClass(e),1===a.childNodes.length&&(a=a.childNodes[0].childNodes[0])&&l.hasClass(a,"kint-parent")&&l.toggle(a,t))},toggleChildren:function(e,t){var a=l.getChildren(e);if(a){var o=a.getElementsByClassName("kint-parent"),r=o.length;for(void 0===t&&(t=!l.hasClass(e));r--;)l.toggle(o[r],t)}},toggleAll:function(e){for(var t=document.getElementsByClassName("kint-parent"),a=t.length,o=!l.hasClass(e.parentNode);a--;)l.toggle(t[a],o)},switchTab:function(e){var t=e.previousSibling,a=0;for(l.removeClass(e.parentNode.getElementsByClassName("kint-active-tab")[0],"kint-active-tab"),l.addClass(e,"kint-active-tab");t;)1===t.nodeType&&a++,t=t.previousSibling;for(var o=e.parentNode.nextSibling.childNodes,r=0;r<o.length;r++)r===a?(l.addClass(o[r]),1===o[r].childNodes.length&&(t=o[r].childNodes[0].childNodes[0])&&l.hasClass(t,"kint-parent")&&l.toggle(t,!1)):l.removeClass(o[r])},mktag:function(e){return"<"+e+">"},openInNewWindow:function(e){var t=window.open();t&&(t.document.open(),t.document.write(l.mktag("html")+l.mktag("head")+l.mktag("title")+"Kint ("+(new Date).toISOString()+")"+l.mktag("/title")+l.mktag('meta charset="utf-8"')+l.mktag('script class="kint-rich-script" nonce="'+l.script.nonce+'"')+l.script.innerHTML+l.mktag("/script")+l.mktag('style class="kint-rich-style" nonce="'+l.style.nonce+'"')+l.style.innerHTML+l.mktag("/style")+l.mktag("/head")+l.mktag("body")+'<input class="kint-note-input" placeholder="Take some notes!"><div class="kint-rich">'+e.parentNode.outerHTML+"</div>"+l.mktag("/body")),t.document.close())},sortTable:function(e,a){var t=e.tBodies[0];[].slice.call(e.tBodies[0].rows).sort(function(e,t){if(e=e.cells[a].textContent.trim().toLocaleLowerCase(),t=t.cells[a].textContent.trim().toLocaleLowerCase(),isNaN(e)||isNaN(t)){if(isNaN(e)&&!isNaN(t))return 1;if(isNaN(t)&&!isNaN(e))return-1}else e=parseFloat(e),t=parseFloat(t);return e<t?-1:t<e?1:0}).forEach(function(e){t.appendChild(e)})},showAccessPath:function(e){for(var t=e.childNodes,a=0;a<t.length;a++)if(l.hasClass(t[a],"access-path"))return void(l.hasClass(t[a],"kint-show")?l.removeClass(t[a]):(l.addClass(t[a]),l.selectText(t[a])))},showSearchBox:function(e){var t=e.querySelector(".kint-search");t&&(l.hasClass(t)?(l.removeClass(t),l.removeClass(e.parentNode,"kint-search-root")):(l.addClass(e),l.addClass(t),t.focus(),t.select(),l.search(e.parentNode,t.value)))},search:function(e,t){var a=e.querySelectorAll(".kint-search-match");[].forEach.call(a,function(e){l.removeClass(e,"kint-search-match")}),l.removeClass(e,"kint-search-match"),t.length?(l.addClass(e,"kint-search-root"),l.findMatches(e,t)):l.removeClass(e,"kint-search-root")},findMatches:function(e,t){var a,o,r,s=e.cloneNode(!0);if(s.querySelectorAll(".access-path").forEach(function(e){e.remove()}),-1!=s.textContent.toUpperCase().indexOf(t.toUpperCase())){for(n in l.addClass(e,"kint-search-match"),e.childNodes)if("DD"==e.childNodes[n].tagName){a=e.childNodes[n];break}if(a)if([].forEach.call(a.childNodes,function(e){"DL"==e.tagName?l.findMatches(e,t):"UL"==e.tagName&&(l.hasClass(e,"kint-tabs")?o=e.childNodes:l.hasClass(e,"kint-tab-contents")&&(r=e.childNodes))}),o&&r&&o.length==r.length)for(var n=0;n<o.length;n++){var i=!1;-1!=o[n].textContent.toUpperCase().indexOf(t.toUpperCase())?i=!0:((s=r[n].cloneNode(!0)).querySelectorAll(".access-path").forEach(function(e){e.remove()}),-1!=s.textContent.toUpperCase().indexOf(t.toUpperCase())&&(i=!0)),i&&(l.addClass(o[n],"kint-search-match"),[].forEach.call(r[n].childNodes,function(e){"DL"==e.tagName&&l.findMatches(e,t)}))}}},getParentByClass:function(e,t){for(void 0===t&&(t="kint-rich");(e=e.parentNode)&&!l.hasClass(e,t););return e},getParentHeader:function(e,t){for(var a=e.nodeName.toLowerCase();"dd"!==a&&"dt"!==a&&l.getParentByClass(e);)a=(e=e.parentNode).nodeName.toLowerCase();return l.getParentByClass(e)?(e="dd"===a&&t?e.previousElementSibling:e)&&"dt"===e.nodeName.toLowerCase()&&l.hasClass(e,"kint-parent")?e:void 0:null},getChildren:function(e){for(;(e=e.nextElementSibling)&&"dd"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase(););return e},isFolderOpen:function(){if(l.folder&&l.folder.querySelector("dd.kint-foldout"))return l.hasClass(l.folder.querySelector("dd.kint-foldout").previousSibling)},initLoad:function(){l.style=window.kintShared.dedupe("style.kint-rich-style",l.style),l.script=window.kintShared.dedupe("script.kint-rich-script",l.script),l.folder=window.kintShared.dedupe(".kint-rich.kint-folder",l.folder);var t,e=document.querySelectorAll("input.kint-search");[].forEach.call(e,function(t){function e(e){window.clearTimeout(a),t.value!==o&&(a=window.setTimeout(function(){o=t.value,l.search(t.parentNode.parentNode,o)},500))}var a=null,o=null;t.removeEventListener("keyup",e),t.addEventListener("keyup",e)}),l.folder&&(t=l.folder.querySelector("dd"),[].forEach.call(document.querySelectorAll(".kint-rich.kint-file"),function(e){e.parentNode!==l.folder&&t.appendChild(e)}),document.body.appendChild(l.folder),l.addClass(l.folder))},keyboardNav:{targets:[],target:0,active:!1,fetchTargets:function(){var e=l.keyboardNav.targets[l.keyboardNav.target];l.keyboardNav.targets=[],l.each(".kint-rich nav, .kint-tabs>li:not(.kint-active-tab)",function(e){l.isFolderOpen()&&!l.folder.contains(e)||0===e.offsetWidth&&0===e.offsetHeight||l.keyboardNav.targets.push(e)}),e&&-1!==l.keyboardNav.targets.indexOf(e)&&(l.keyboardNav.target=l.keyboardNav.targets.indexOf(e))},sync:function(e){var t=document.querySelector(".kint-focused");t&&l.removeClass(t,"kint-focused"),l.keyboardNav.active&&(t=l.keyboardNav.targets[l.keyboardNav.target],l.addClass(t,"kint-focused"),e||l.keyboardNav.scroll(t))},scroll:function(e){var t,a;e!==l.folder.querySelector("dt > nav")&&(a=(t=function(e){return e.offsetTop+(e.offsetParent?t(e.offsetParent):0)})(e),l.isFolderOpen()?(e=l.folder.querySelector("dd.kint-foldout")).scrollTo(0,a-e.clientHeight/2):window.scrollTo(0,a-window.innerHeight/2))},moveCursor:function(e){for(l.keyboardNav.target+=e;l.keyboardNav.target<0;)l.keyboardNav.target+=l.keyboardNav.targets.length;for(;l.keyboardNav.target>=l.keyboardNav.targets.length;)l.keyboardNav.target-=l.keyboardNav.targets.length;l.keyboardNav.sync()},setCursor:function(e){if(l.isFolderOpen()&&!l.folder.contains(e))return!1;l.keyboardNav.fetchTargets();for(var t=0;t<l.keyboardNav.targets.length;t++)if(e===l.keyboardNav.targets[t])return l.keyboardNav.target=t,!0;return!1}},mouseNav:{lastClickTarget:null,lastClickTimer:null,lastClickCount:0,renewLastClick:function(){window.clearTimeout(l.mouseNav.lastClickTimer),l.mouseNav.lastClickTimer=window.setTimeout(function(){l.mouseNav.lastClickTarget=null,l.mouseNav.lastClickTimer=null,l.mouseNav.lastClickCount=0},250)}},style:null,script:null,folder:null};return window.addEventListener("click",function(e){var t=e.target,a=t.nodeName.toLowerCase();if(l.mouseNav.lastClickTarget&&l.mouseNav.lastClickTimer&&l.mouseNav.lastClickCount)return t=l.mouseNav.lastClickTarget,void(1===l.mouseNav.lastClickCount?(l.toggleChildren(t.parentNode),l.keyboardNav.setCursor(t),l.keyboardNav.sync(!0),l.mouseNav.lastClickCount++,l.mouseNav.renewLastClick()):(l.toggleAll(t),l.keyboardNav.setCursor(t),l.keyboardNav.sync(!0),l.keyboardNav.scroll(t),window.clearTimeout(l.mouseNav.lastClickTimer),l.mouseNav.lastClickTarget=null,l.mouseNav.lastClickTarget=null,l.mouseNav.lastClickCount=0));if(l.getParentByClass(t)){if("dfn"===a)l.selectText(t);else if("th"===a)return void(e.ctrlKey||l.sortTable(t.parentNode.parentNode.parentNode,t.cellIndex));if((t=l.getParentHeader(t))&&(l.keyboardNav.setCursor(t.querySelector("nav")),l.keyboardNav.sync(!0)),t=e.target,"li"===a&&"kint-tabs"===t.parentNode.className)"kint-active-tab"!==t.className&&l.switchTab(t),(t=l.getParentHeader(t,!0))&&(l.keyboardNav.setCursor(t.querySelector("nav")),l.keyboardNav.sync(!0));else if("nav"===a)"footer"===t.parentNode.nodeName.toLowerCase()?(l.keyboardNav.setCursor(t),l.keyboardNav.sync(!0),t=t.parentNode,l.hasClass(t)?l.removeClass(t):l.addClass(t)):(l.toggle(t.parentNode),l.keyboardNav.fetchTargets(),l.mouseNav.lastClickCount=1,l.mouseNav.lastClickTarget=t,l.mouseNav.renewLastClick());else if(l.hasClass(t,"kint-popup-trigger")){var o=t.parentNode;if("footer"===o.nodeName.toLowerCase())o=o.previousSibling;else for(;o&&!l.hasClass(o,"kint-parent");)o=o.parentNode;l.openInNewWindow(o)}else l.hasClass(t,"kint-access-path-trigger")?l.showAccessPath(t.parentNode):l.hasClass(t,"kint-search-trigger")?l.showSearchBox(t.parentNode):l.hasClass(t,"kint-search")||("pre"===a&&3===e.detail?l.selectText(t):l.getParentByClass(t,"kint-source")&&3===e.detail?l.selectText(l.getParentByClass(t,"kint-source")):l.hasClass(t,"access-path")?l.selectText(t):"a"!==a&&(t=l.getParentHeader(t))&&(l.toggle(t),l.keyboardNav.fetchTargets()))}},!0),window.addEventListener("keydown",function(e){if(e.target===document.body&&!e.altKey&&!e.ctrlKey){if(68===e.keyCode){if(l.keyboardNav.active)l.keyboardNav.active=!1;else if(l.keyboardNav.active=!0,l.keyboardNav.fetchTargets(),0===l.keyboardNav.targets.length)return void(l.keyboardNav.active=!1);return l.keyboardNav.sync(),void e.preventDefault()}if(l.keyboardNav.active){if(9===e.keyCode)return l.keyboardNav.moveCursor(e.shiftKey?-1:1),void e.preventDefault();if(38===e.keyCode||75===e.keyCode)return l.keyboardNav.moveCursor(-1),void e.preventDefault();if(40===e.keyCode||74===e.keyCode)return l.keyboardNav.moveCursor(1),void e.preventDefault();var t,a,o=l.keyboardNav.targets[l.keyboardNav.target];if("li"===o.nodeName.toLowerCase()){if(32===e.keyCode||13===e.keyCode)return l.switchTab(o),l.keyboardNav.fetchTargets(),l.keyboardNav.sync(),void e.preventDefault();if(39===e.keyCode||76===e.keyCode)return l.keyboardNav.moveCursor(1),void e.preventDefault();if(37===e.keyCode||72===e.keyCode)return l.keyboardNav.moveCursor(-1),void e.preventDefault()}o=o.parentNode,65===e.keyCode?(l.showAccessPath(o),e.preventDefault()):"footer"===o.nodeName.toLowerCase()&&l.hasClass(o.parentNode,"kint-rich")?32===e.keyCode||13===e.keyCode?(l.hasClass(o)?l.removeClass(o):l.addClass(o),e.preventDefault()):37===e.keyCode||72===e.keyCode?(l.removeClass(o),e.preventDefault()):39!==e.keyCode&&76!==e.keyCode||(l.addClass(o),e.preventDefault()):32===e.keyCode||13===e.keyCode?(l.toggle(o),l.keyboardNav.fetchTargets(),e.preventDefault()):39!==e.keyCode&&76!==e.keyCode&&37!==e.keyCode&&72!==e.keyCode||(t=37===e.keyCode||72===e.keyCode,l.hasClass(o)?l.toggleChildren(o,t):!t||(a=l.getParentHeader(o.parentNode.parentNode,!0))&&(l.keyboardNav.setCursor((o=a).querySelector("nav")),l.keyboardNav.sync()),l.toggle(o,t),l.keyboardNav.fetchTargets(),e.preventDefault())}}},!0),l}()),window.kintShared.runOnce(window.kintRich.initLoad); void 0===window.kintMicrotimeInitialized&&(window.kintMicrotimeInitialized=1,window.addEventListener("load",function(){"use strict";var a={},t=Array.prototype.slice.call(document.querySelectorAll("[data-kint-microtime-group]"),0);t.forEach(function(t){var i,e;t.querySelector(".kint-microtime-lap")&&(i=t.getAttribute("data-kint-microtime-group"),e=parseFloat(t.querySelector(".kint-microtime-lap").innerHTML),t=parseFloat(t.querySelector(".kint-microtime-avg").innerHTML),void 0===a[i]&&(a[i]={}),(void 0===a[i].min||a[i].min>e)&&(a[i].min=e),(void 0===a[i].max||a[i].max<e)&&(a[i].max=e),a[i].avg=t)}),t.forEach(function(t){var i,e,r,o,n=t.querySelector(".kint-microtime-lap");null!==n&&(i=parseFloat(n.textContent),o=t.dataset.kintMicrotimeGroup,e=a[o].avg,r=a[o].max,o=a[o].min,i===(t.querySelector(".kint-microtime-avg").textContent=e)&&i===o&&i===r||(n.style.background=e<i?"hsl("+(40-40*((i-e)/(r-e)))+", 100%, 65%)":"hsl("+(40+80*(e===o?0:(e-i)/(e-o)))+", 100%, 65%)"))})})); </script><style class="kint-rich-style">.kint-rich{font-size:13px;overflow-x:auto;white-space:nowrap;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.9)}.kint-rich.kint-folder{position:fixed;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;z-index:999999;width:100%;margin:0;display:block}.kint-rich.kint-folder dd.kint-foldout{max-height:calc(100vh - 100px);padding-right:8px;overflow-y:scroll;display:none}.kint-rich.kint-folder dd.kint-foldout.kint-show{display:block}.kint-rich::selection,.kint-rich::-moz-selection,.kint-rich::-webkit-selection{background:#aaa;color:#1d1e1e}.kint-rich .kint-focused{box-shadow:0 0 3px 2px red}.kint-rich,.kint-rich::before,.kint-rich::after,.kint-rich *,.kint-rich *::before,.kint-rich *::after{box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:0;color:#1d1e1e;float:none !important;font-family:Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, Lucida Console, Liberation Mono, DejaVu Sans Mono, Bitstream Vera Sans Mono, Courier New, monospace, serif;line-height:15px;margin:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.kint-rich{margin:8px 0}.kint-rich dt,.kint-rich dl{width:auto}.kint-rich dt,.kint-rich div.access-path{background:#f8f8f8;border:1px solid #d7d7d7;color:#1d1e1e;display:block;font-weight:bold;list-style:none outside none;overflow:auto;padding:4px}.kint-rich dt:hover,.kint-rich div.access-path:hover{border-color:#aaa}.kint-rich>dl dl{padding:0 0 0 12px}.kint-rich dt.kint-parent>nav,.kint-rich>footer>nav{background:url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAzMCAxNTAiPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik02IDdoMThsLTkgMTV6bTAgMzBoMThsLTkgMTV6bTAgNDVoMThsLTktMTV6bTAgMzBoMThsLTktMTV6bTAgMTJsMTggMThtLTE4IDBsMTgtMTgiIGZpbGw9IiM1NTUiLz48cGF0aCBkPSJNNiAxMjZsMTggMThtLTE4IDBsMTgtMTgiIHN0cm9rZS13aWR0aD0iMiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjNTU1Ii8+PC9zdmc+") no-repeat scroll 0 0/15px 75px transparent;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;height:15px;width:15px;margin-right:3px;vertical-align:middle}.kint-rich dt.kint-parent:hover>nav,.kint-rich>footer>nav:hover{background-position:0 25%}.kint-rich dt.kint-parent.kint-show>nav,.kint-rich>footer.kint-show>nav{background-position:0 50%}.kint-rich dt.kint-parent.kint-show:hover>nav,.kint-rich>footer.kint-show>nav:hover{background-position:0 75%}.kint-rich dt.kint-parent.kint-locked>nav{background-position:0 100%}.kint-rich dt.kint-parent+dd{display:none;border-left:1px dashed #d7d7d7}.kint-rich dt.kint-parent.kint-show+dd{display:block}.kint-rich var,.kint-rich var a{color:#06f;font-style:normal}.kint-rich dt:hover var,.kint-rich dt:hover var a{color:red}.kint-rich dfn{font-style:normal;font-family:monospace;color:#1d1e1e}.kint-rich pre{color:#1d1e1e;margin:0 0 0 12px;padding:5px;overflow-y:hidden;border-top:0;border:1px solid #d7d7d7;background:#f8f8f8;display:block;word-break:normal}.kint-rich .kint-popup-trigger,.kint-rich .kint-access-path-trigger,.kint-rich .kint-search-trigger{background:rgba(29,30,30,0.8);border-radius:3px;height:16px;font-size:16px;margin-left:5px;font-weight:bold;width:16px;text-align:center;float:right !important;cursor:pointer;color:#f8f8f8;position:relative;overflow:hidden;line-height:17.6px}.kint-rich .kint-popup-trigger:hover,.kint-rich .kint-access-path-trigger:hover,.kint-rich .kint-search-trigger:hover{color:#1d1e1e;background:#f8f8f8}.kint-rich dt.kint-parent>.kint-popup-trigger{line-height:19.2px}.kint-rich .kint-search-trigger{font-size:20px}.kint-rich input.kint-search{display:none;border:1px solid #d7d7d7;border-top-width:0;border-bottom-width:0;padding:4px;float:right !important;margin:-4px 0;color:#1d1e1e;background:#f8f8f8;height:24px;width:160px;position:relative;z-index:100}.kint-rich input.kint-search.kint-show{display:block}.kint-rich .kint-search-root ul.kint-tabs>li:not(.kint-search-match){background:#f8f8f8;opacity:0.5}.kint-rich .kint-search-root dl:not(.kint-search-match){opacity:0.5}.kint-rich .kint-search-root dl:not(.kint-search-match)>dt{background:#f8f8f8}.kint-rich .kint-search-root dl:not(.kint-search-match) dl,.kint-rich .kint-search-root dl:not(.kint-search-match) ul.kint-tabs>li:not(.kint-search-match){opacity:1}.kint-rich div.access-path{background:#f8f8f8;display:none;margin-top:5px;padding:4px;white-space:pre}.kint-rich div.access-path.kint-show{display:block}.kint-rich footer{padding:0 3px 3px;font-size:9px;background:transparent}.kint-rich footer>.kint-popup-trigger{background:transparent;color:#1d1e1e}.kint-rich footer nav{height:10px;width:10px;background-size:10px 50px}.kint-rich footer>ol{display:none;margin-left:32px}.kint-rich footer.kint-show>ol{display:block}.kint-rich a{color:#1d1e1e;text-shadow:none;text-decoration:underline}.kint-rich a:hover{color:#1d1e1e;border-bottom:1px dotted #1d1e1e}.kint-rich ul{list-style:none;padding-left:12px}.kint-rich ul:not(.kint-tabs) li{border-left:1px dashed #d7d7d7}.kint-rich ul:not(.kint-tabs) li>dl{border-left:none}.kint-rich ul.kint-tabs{margin:0 0 0 12px;padding-left:0;background:#f8f8f8;border:1px solid #d7d7d7;border-top:0}.kint-rich ul.kint-tabs>li{background:#f8f8f8;border:1px solid #d7d7d7;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;height:24px;margin:2px;padding:0 12px;vertical-align:top}.kint-rich ul.kint-tabs>li:hover,.kint-rich ul.kint-tabs>li.kint-active-tab:hover{border-color:#aaa;color:red}.kint-rich ul.kint-tabs>li.kint-active-tab{background:#f8f8f8;border-top:0;margin-top:-1px;height:27px;line-height:24px}.kint-rich ul.kint-tabs>li:not(.kint-active-tab){line-height:20px}.kint-rich ul.kint-tabs li+li{margin-left:0}.kint-rich ul.kint-tab-contents>li{display:none}.kint-rich ul.kint-tab-contents>li.kint-show{display:block}.kint-rich dt:hover+dd>ul>li.kint-active-tab{border-color:#aaa;color:red}.kint-rich dt>.kint-color-preview{width:16px;height:16px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin-left:10px;border:1px solid #d7d7d7;background-color:#ccc;background-image:url('data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 2 2"><path fill="%23FFF" d="M0 0h1v2h1V1H0z"/></svg>');background-size:100%}.kint-rich dt>.kint-color-preview:hover{border-color:#aaa}.kint-rich dt>.kint-color-preview>div{width:100%;height:100%}.kint-rich table{border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show;border-spacing:0}.kint-rich table *{font-size:12px}.kint-rich table dt{background:none;padding:2px}.kint-rich table dt .kint-parent{min-width:100%;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.kint-rich table td,.kint-rich table th{border:1px solid #d7d7d7;padding:2px;vertical-align:center}.kint-rich table th{cursor:alias}.kint-rich table td:first-child,.kint-rich table th{font-weight:bold;background:#f8f8f8;color:#1d1e1e}.kint-rich table td{background:#f8f8f8;white-space:pre}.kint-rich table td>dl{padding:0}.kint-rich table pre{border-top:0;border-right:0}.kint-rich table thead th:first-child{background:none;border:0}.kint-rich table tr:hover>td{box-shadow:0 0 1px 0 #aaa inset}.kint-rich table tr:hover var{color:red}.kint-rich table ul.kint-tabs li.kint-active-tab{height:20px;line-height:17px}.kint-rich pre.kint-source{margin-left:-1px}.kint-rich pre.kint-source[data-kint-filename]:before{display:block;content:attr(data-kint-filename);margin-bottom:4px;padding-bottom:4px;border-bottom:1px solid #f8f8f8}.kint-rich pre.kint-source>div:before{display:inline-block;content:counter(kint-l);counter-increment:kint-l;border-right:1px solid #aaa;padding-right:8px;margin-right:8px}.kint-rich pre.kint-source>div.kint-highlight{background:#f8f8f8}.kint-rich .kint-microtime-lap{text-shadow:-1px 0 #aaa,0 1px #aaa,1px 0 #aaa,0 -1px #aaa;color:#f8f8f8;font-weight:bold}input.kint-note-input{width:100%}.kint-rich .kint-focused{box-shadow:0 0 3px 2px red}.kint-rich dt{font-weight:normal}.kint-rich dt.kint-parent{margin-top:4px}.kint-rich dl dl{margin-top:4px;padding-left:25px;border-left:none}.kint-rich>dl>dt{background:#f8f8f8}.kint-rich ul{margin:0;padding-left:0}.kint-rich ul:not(.kint-tabs)>li{border-left:0}.kint-rich ul.kint-tabs{background:#f8f8f8;border:1px solid #d7d7d7;border-width:0 1px 1px 1px;padding:4px 0 0 12px;margin-left:-1px;margin-top:-1px}.kint-rich ul.kint-tabs li,.kint-rich ul.kint-tabs li+li{margin:0 0 0 4px}.kint-rich ul.kint-tabs li{border-bottom-width:0;height:25px}.kint-rich ul.kint-tabs li:first-child{margin-left:0}.kint-rich ul.kint-tabs li.kint-active-tab{border-top:1px solid #d7d7d7;background:#fff;font-weight:bold;padding-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #fff !important;margin-bottom:-1px}.kint-rich ul.kint-tabs li.kint-active-tab:hover{border-bottom:1px solid #fff}.kint-rich ul>li>pre{border:1px solid #d7d7d7}.kint-rich dt:hover+dd>ul{border-color:#aaa}.kint-rich pre{background:#fff;margin-top:4px;margin-left:25px}.kint-rich .kint-source{margin-left:-1px}.kint-rich .kint-source .kint-highlight{background:#cfc}.kint-rich .kint-parent.kint-show>.kint-search{border-bottom-width:1px}.kint-rich table td{background:#fff}.kint-rich table td>dl{padding:0;margin:0}.kint-rich table td>dl>dt.kint-parent{margin:0}.kint-rich table td:first-child,.kint-rich table td,.kint-rich table th{padding:2px 4px}.kint-rich table dd,.kint-rich table dt{background:#fff}.kint-rich table tr:hover>td{box-shadow:none;background:#cfc} </style> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Home || Linkinsciences</title> <meta name="description" content="<div>description</div>"> <meta name="keywords" content="meta keywords"> <meta property="og:title" content="Home || Linkinsciences" /> <meta property="og:description" content="<div>description</div>" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/public/img/logonew.jpg" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Home || Linkinsciences" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="<div>description</div>" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/public/img/logonew.jpg" /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="1732314322" /> <!-- <title>Home | Linkinsciences</title> --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/public/css/style.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/public/css/login-page.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/public/css/responsive.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/public/css/videos-page.css"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/public/img/favicon.png" type="image/x-icon"> <!----AOS--> <link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"> <!---fontawesome--> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.4.0/css/all.min.css" integrity="sha512-iecdLmaskl7CVkqkXNQ/ZH/XLlvWZOJyj7Yy7tcenmpD1ypASozpmT/E0iPtmFIB46ZmdtAc9eNBvH0H/ZpiBw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" /> <!--bootstrap 5.3 link--> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/public/bootstrap5.3/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <script src="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/public/bootstrap5.3/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/public/css/customstyle.css?v1=1.0.1"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swiper@11/swiper-bundle.min.css"/> <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/select2@4.1.0-rc.0/dist/css/select2.min.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <style> .speaker_datadescription{ font-family: "Times New Roman",serif !important; font-weight: 400; } .speaker_datadescription font, .speaker_datadescription a, .speaker_datadescription div, .speaker_datadescription p, .speaker_datadescription h1, .speaker_datadescription h2, .speaker_datadescription h3, .speaker_datadescription h4, .speaker_datadescription h5{ font-family: "Times New Roman",serif !important; } </style> </head> <body> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg headernav"> <div class="container-fluid"> <a class="logo p-lg-2 ms-lg-5" href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com"> <img id="logo" class="navbar-brand w-25" src="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/public/img/logonew.jpg" alt="logo"> <span style="float:right; width:320px;color:#87552c;"> 8th Edition of Nanotechnology, Nanomedicine, Material Science & Expo Hybrid Conference <span style="color:#73aa50;float:left;"> |October 6-8, 2025 Oralndo, USA </span> </span> </a> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarNav" aria-controls="navbarNav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"> <ul class="mx-auto navbar-nav gap-4"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link fw-semibold text-black " aria-current="page" href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com">Home</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" id="abstractDropdown"> <a class="nav-link fw-semibold text-black " href="#" role="button"> Abstract <i class="fas fa-caret-down"></i> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu abstractDropdown" aria-labelledby="abstractDropdownDropdown"> <li> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/abstractdetails"> Conference Sessions </a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/abstract">Abstract Submit</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link fw-semibold text-black " href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/scientific-committee">Scientific Committee</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" id="registrationDropdown"> <a class="nav-link fw-semibold text-black " href="#" role="button"> Registration <i class="fas fa-caret-down"></i> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="registrationDropdown"> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/registration/dollar">Registration</a></li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/exhibitor-sponsorship">Become an Exhibitor/Sponsor</a></li> </ul> </li> <!-- <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false"> registration </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Another action</a></li> </ul> --> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link fw-semibold text-black " href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/programs">Program</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link fw-semibold text-black " href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/venue">Venue</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link fw-semibold text-black " href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/past-conferences">Past Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link fw-semibold text-black " href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/contactus">Contact</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <style> .nav-fill .nav-item, .nav-fill>.nav-link { flex: none; text-align: center; } </style> <div class="container-fluid abstract"> <h5 class="title">Previous Conferences List</h5> <p class="description"><a href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com" style="text-decoration: none;">Home</a> / Previous Conferences List</p> </div> <!-- implement new tab content for Previous Conferences List by praveen --> <section id="tabs" class="project-tab mt-5"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div style="display:flex; gap:10px; margin-bottom:10px;" > <a style="padding: 6px 40px; font-size: 20px;" class="active btn-success btn btn-sm" href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/past-conferences-proceedings/2022" > 2022 </a> <a style="padding: 6px 40px; font-size: 20px;" class="btn-secondary btn btn-sm" href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/past-conferences-proceedings/2023" > 2023 </a> </div> <object data="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/public/gallery/1717484267_318398026e2c21ad58e2.pdf" style="width:100%;height:800px;background:transparent url(https://d2cax41o7ahm5l.cloudfront.net/images/loading.gif) no-repeat center top"> <p>Your web browser doesn't have a PDF plugin. Instead you can <a href="https://laseroptics.linkinscience.com/uploads/previous_conferences/Book_Optics_2019_proceedings_to_be_updated_on_website-compressed.pdf">click here to download the PDF file.</a></p> </object> </div> </div> </div> </section> <!-- implement new tab content for Previous Conferences List by praveen --> </div> <!----footer--> <footer id="footer" class="footer-1 mt-5"> <div class="main-footer typo-light px-lg-5 pb-lg-0"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-2"> <div class="widget no-box px-0"> <h5 class="widget-title">Useful Links<span></span></h5> <ul class="thumbnail-widget"> <li> <div class="thumb-content"><a href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/scientific-committee">Conference Organizing Committee</a></div> </li> <li> <div class="thumb-content"><a href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/abstract">Call For Abstract</a></div> </li> <li> <div class="thumb-content"><a href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/registration-guidelines">Registration Guidelines</a></div> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-2"> <div class="widget no-box px-0"> <h5 class="widget-title">Other Links<span></span></h5> <ul class="thumbnail-widget"> <li> <div class="thumb-content"><a href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/abstract">Abstract Submission</a></div> </li> <li> <div class="thumb-content"><a href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/registration/dollar">Register Now</a></div> </li> <li> <div class="thumb-content"><a href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/venue">Venue & Hospitality</a></div> </li> <li> <div class="thumb-content"><a href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/contactus">Contact Us</a></div> </li> <li> <div class="thumb-content"><a href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/sitemap">Sitemap</a></div> </li> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4"> <div class="widget no-box px-0"> <h5 class="widget-title">Get in Touch<span></span></h5> <ul class="thumbnail-widget"> <li> <div class="thumb-content"> +1 415-704-1402 </div> </li> <li> <div class="thumb-content">Email :<a href="mailto:nanoscience@linkinscience.com"> nanoscience@linkinscience.com</a><br /> <a href="mailto:davidkevin.linkinscience@gmail.com"> davidkevin.linkinscience@gmail.com</a></div> </li> <li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-4"> <div class="widget px-0"> <h5 class="widget-title">Subscribe<span></span></h5> <ul class="thumbnail-widget"> <li> <div class="thumb-content">For any Queries Send your name, email and query to</div> </li> <li> <div class="thumb-content">Email :<a href="mailto:nanoscience@linkinscience.com"> nanoscience@linkinscience.com</a></div> </li> <li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-copyright fw-semibold pt-0 pb-lg-2" style="border-top: 1px solid #616161; background-color: #1c1c1c;"> <!--<span></span>--> <div class="container pt-2 px-5 d-lg-flex mx-sm-auto text-center justify-content-center align-items-center"> <p style="font-weight: 400; font-size: 14px;">漏 Copyright Linkin Science 2024. All Rights Reserved | <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="https://linkinscience.com/privacy">Privacy Policy</a></p> <!--<div class="d-lg-flex justify-content-center align-items-center "> <p class="ms-lg-auto">Design And Developed By </p><img width="120px" src="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/public/img/prodigit.png" alt=""> </div> ---> </div> </div> </footer> <!----whatsapp chat icon--> <a href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send?phone=0014157041402" class="whatsappz" target="_blank"> <i class="fa-brands fa-whatsapp my-float"></i> </a> <!-- Start of LiveChat (www.livechatinc.com) code --> <script type="text/javascript"> window.__lc = window.__lc || {}; window.__lc.license = 8985235; (function() { var lc = document.createElement('script'); lc.type = 'text/javascript'; lc.async = true; lc.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://' : 'http://') + 'cdn.livechatinc.com/tracking.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(lc, s); })(); </script> <!-- End of LiveChat code --> </body> <script src="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/public/js/script.js"></script> <script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script> <script> AOS.init(); </script> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.6.4/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/select2@4.1.0-rc.0/dist/js/select2.min.js"></script> <script> $(document).ready(function() { $('#selectsearch2').select2(); $('#selectsearch2').on('change', function(e){ let valuyear = e.currentTarget.value; window.location.href="https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/scientific-committee/"+valuyear }) }); function regPrice(id,rtype) { var price = id; //alert(rtype); var trans_charges = $('#trans_charges').val(); $.ajax({ type: 'get', url: 'https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/register/reg_price', data: { reg_amount:price, }, success: function (response) { document.getElementById("finalamount").innerHTML=response; var radioButton = document.getElementById("acc_amount_info"); radioButton.checked = false; let data = JSON.parse(response) $(`#re_amount`).val(data) var trans_chages = (data * 5)/100; var value1 = data; var value2 = trans_chages; var result = value1 + value2; $(`#trans_charges`).val(trans_chages) document.getElementById("transaction_charges").innerHTML=trans_chages; $(`#finalamountfor`).val(result); $(`#reg_type`).val(rtype); document.getElementById("total_payable").innerHTML=result; } }); } function reg_fee(id) { var price = id; var reg_amount = $('#re_amount').val(); $.ajax({ type: 'get', url: 'https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/register/acc_price', data: { acc_amount:price,reg_amount:reg_amount, }, success: function (response) { document.getElementById("finalamount").innerHTML=response; let data = JSON.parse(response) var trans_chages = (data * 5)/100; var value1 = data; var value2 = trans_chages; var result = value1 + value2; $(`#trans_charges`).val(trans_chages) document.getElementById("transaction_charges").innerHTML=trans_chages; $(`#finalamountfor`).val(result) document.getElementById("total_payable").innerHTML=result; } }); } </script> <!-- <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.5.1.slim.min.js"></script> --> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@popperjs/core@2.5.4/dist/umd/popper.min.js"></script> <script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.0/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script> $(document).ready(function () { var currentSlide = 1; var totalSlides = $('.testimonial').length / 2; function showSlide(slide) { $('.testimonial').removeClass('active-testimonial'); $('.testimonial:nth-child(' + slide + ')').addClass('active-testimonial'); $('#slideNumber').text(slide); } $('#prevBtn').click(function () { currentSlide--; if (currentSlide < 1) { currentSlide = totalSlides; } showSlide(currentSlide); }); $('#nextBtn').click(function () { currentSlide++; if (currentSlide > totalSlides) { currentSlide = 1; } showSlide(currentSlide); }); }); </script> <script> function viewConference(id) { var conference_id = id; $.ajax({ type: 'get', url: 'https://globalnanoscienceconference.com/home/viewConferenceDetails', data: { id:conference_id, }, success: function (response) { //alert(response); document.getElementById("viewConference_data").innerHTML=response; } }); } </script> <script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script> <script> AOS.init(); $(document).ready(function() { // Show dropdown on hover $('#registrationDropdown').hover(function() { $(this).find('.dropdown-menu').addClass('show'); }, function() { $(this).find('.dropdown-menu').removeClass('show'); }); $('#abstractDropdown').hover(function() { $(this).find('.abstractDropdown').addClass('show'); }, function() { $(this).find('.abstractDropdown').removeClass('show'); }); }); </script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swiper@11/swiper-bundle.min.js"></script> <script type="module"> import Swiper from 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swiper@11/swiper-bundle.min.mjs' const swiper = new Swiper('.past_confe_swiper', { // Optional parameters direction: 'horizontal', loop: false, slidesPerView: 1, spaceBetween: 10, // Navigation arrows navigation: { nextEl: '.swiper-button-next', prevEl: '.swiper-button-prev', }, breakpoints: { 320: { slidesPerView: 1, spaceBetween: 10 }, 700: { slidesPerView: 2, spaceBetween: 20 }, 992:{ slidesPerView: 3, spaceBetween: 25 } } }); const swiperbanner = new Swiper('.home_banner_swipe', { // Optional parameters direction: 'horizontal', loop: true, slidesPerView: 1, spaceBetween: -1, autoplay: { delay: 6000, }, speed: 2000, // Navigation arrows navigation: { nextEl: '.swiper-button-next', prevEl: '.swiper-button-prev', } }); </script> </html> <!-- DEBUG-VIEW ENDED 1 APPPATH/Views/layouts/base.php --> <!-- DEBUG-VIEW ENDED 2 APPPATH/Views/single_past_conference_proceedings.php -->

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10