CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Innovative Approaches to Cancer Biomarker Detection – Nanotechnology</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><link href='https://fonts.gstatic.com' crossorigin rel='preconnect' /> <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com' crossorigin rel='preconnect' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Nanotechnology » Feed" href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/feed/" /> <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/nanotechnology.blog\/archive\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.1' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--contrast: var(--contrast);--wp--preset--color--contrast-2: var(--contrast-2);--wp--preset--color--contrast-3: var(--contrast-3);--wp--preset--color--base: var(--base);--wp--preset--color--base-2: var(--base-2);--wp--preset--color--base-3: var(--base-3);--wp--preset--color--accent: var(--accent);--wp--preset--color--accent-2: var(--accent-2);--wp--preset--color--accent-hover: var(--accent-hover);--wp--preset--color--highlight: var(--highlight);--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='parent-style-css' href='https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-content/themes/generatepress/style.css?ver=6.7.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-widget-areas-css' href='https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/css/components/widget-areas.min.css?ver=3.4.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-style-css' href='https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/css/main.min.css?ver=3.4.0' media='all' /> <style id='generate-style-inline-css'> body{background-color:var(--base);color:var(--contrast);}a{color:#1b78e2;}a:hover, a:focus, a:active{color:var(--accent-hover);}.wp-block-group__inner-container{max-width:1200px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.site-header .header-image{width:200px;}:root{--contrast:#212121;--contrast-2:#2f4468;--contrast-3:#878787;--base:#fafafa;--base-2:#f7f8f9;--base-3:#ffffff;--accent:#242226;--accent-2:#1b78e2;--accent-hover:#35343a;--highlight:#83b0de;}:root .has-contrast-color{color:var(--contrast);}:root .has-contrast-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast);}:root .has-contrast-2-color{color:var(--contrast-2);}:root .has-contrast-2-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast-2);}:root .has-contrast-3-color{color:var(--contrast-3);}:root .has-contrast-3-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast-3);}:root .has-base-color{color:var(--base);}:root .has-base-background-color{background-color:var(--base);}:root .has-base-2-color{color:var(--base-2);}:root .has-base-2-background-color{background-color:var(--base-2);}:root .has-base-3-color{color:var(--base-3);}:root .has-base-3-background-color{background-color:var(--base-3);}:root .has-accent-color{color:var(--accent);}:root .has-accent-background-color{background-color:var(--accent);}:root .has-accent-2-color{color:var(--accent-2);}:root .has-accent-2-background-color{background-color:var(--accent-2);}:root .has-accent-hover-color{color:var(--accent-hover);}:root .has-accent-hover-background-color{background-color:var(--accent-hover);}:root .has-highlight-color{color:var(--highlight);}:root .has-highlight-background-color{background-color:var(--highlight);}.gp-modal:not(.gp-modal--open):not(.gp-modal--transition){display:none;}.gp-modal--transition:not(.gp-modal--open){pointer-events:none;}.gp-modal-overlay:not(.gp-modal-overlay--open):not(.gp-modal--transition){display:none;}.gp-modal__overlay{display:none;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.2);display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;z-index:10000;backdrop-filter:blur(3px);transition:opacity 500ms ease;opacity:0;}.gp-modal--open:not(.gp-modal--transition) .gp-modal__overlay{opacity:1;}.gp-modal__container{max-width:100%;max-height:100vh;transform:scale(0.9);transition:transform 500ms ease;padding:0 10px;}.gp-modal--open:not(.gp-modal--transition) .gp-modal__container{transform:scale(1);}.search-modal-fields{display:flex;}.gp-search-modal .gp-modal__overlay{align-items:flex-start;padding-top:25vh;background:var(--gp-search-modal-overlay-bg-color);}.search-modal-form{width:500px;max-width:100%;background-color:var(--gp-search-modal-bg-color);color:var(--gp-search-modal-text-color);}.search-modal-form .search-field, .search-modal-form .search-field:focus{width:100%;height:60px;background-color:transparent;border:0;appearance:none;color:currentColor;}.search-modal-fields button, .search-modal-fields button:active, .search-modal-fields button:focus, .search-modal-fields button:hover{background-color:transparent;border:0;color:currentColor;width:60px;}body, button, input, select, textarea{font-family:Open Sans, sans-serif;font-size:17px;}.main-title{font-size:25px;}.widget-title{font-weight:600;}button:not(.menu-toggle),html input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"],.button,.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link{font-size:15px;}h1{font-weight:600;font-size:40px;}h2{font-weight:600;font-size:30px;}h3{font-size:20px;}.top-bar{background-color:#636363;color:#ffffff;}.top-bar a{color:#ffffff;}.top-bar a:hover{color:#303030;}.site-header{background-color:#ffffff;color:#3a3a3a;}.site-header a{color:#3a3a3a;}.main-title a,.main-title a:hover{color:#ffffff;}.site-description{color:#757575;}.main-navigation,.main-navigation ul ul{background-color:var(--base);}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a, .main-navigation .menu-toggle, .main-navigation .menu-bar-items{color:var(--contrast);}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):hover > a, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):focus > a, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.sfHover:not([class*="current-menu-"]) > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item:hover > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item.sfHover > a{color:var(--base-3);background-color:var(--contrast);}button.menu-toggle:hover,button.menu-toggle:focus{color:var(--contrast);}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li[class*="current-menu-"] > a{color:var(--base-3);background-color:var(--accent-hover);}.navigation-search input[type="search"],.navigation-search input[type="search"]:active, .navigation-search input[type="search"]:focus, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.search-item.active > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-items .search-item.active > a{color:var(--base-3);background-color:var(--contrast);}.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .one-container .container, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .inside-page-header{background-color:var(--base-3);}.inside-article a,.paging-navigation a,.comments-area a,.page-header a{color:var(--accent-2);}.inside-article a:hover,.paging-navigation a:hover,.comments-area a:hover,.page-header a:hover{color:var(--accent-hover);}.entry-title a{color:var(--contrast);}.entry-title a:hover{color:var(--accent-hover);}.entry-meta{color:var(--contrast-3);}.entry-meta a{color:var(--contrast);}.entry-meta a:hover{color:var(--accent-hover);}h1{color:var(--contrast);}h2{color:var(--contrast);}h3{color:var(--contrast);}.sidebar .widget{background-color:#ffffff;}.sidebar .widget a{color:var(--contrast);padding:0px;}.sidebar .widget a:hover{color:var(--accent-hover);}.sidebar .widget .widget-title{color:#000000;}.footer-widgets{color:var(--base-3);background-color:var(--contrast-2);}.footer-widgets a{color:var(--base-3);}.footer-widgets a:hover{color:var(--base-3);}.footer-widgets .widget-title{color:var(--base-2);}.site-info{color:var(--contrast-2);}.site-info a{color:var(--contrast-2);}.site-info a:hover{color:var(--accent-hover);}.footer-bar .widget_nav_menu .current-menu-item a{color:var(--accent-hover);}input[type="text"],input[type="email"],input[type="url"],input[type="password"],input[type="search"],input[type="tel"],input[type="number"],textarea,select{color:var(--contrast);background-color:#fafafa;border-color:var(--contrast);}input[type="text"]:focus,input[type="email"]:focus,input[type="url"]:focus,input[type="password"]:focus,input[type="search"]:focus,input[type="tel"]:focus,input[type="number"]:focus,textarea:focus,select:focus{color:var(--contrast-3);background-color:#ffffff;border-color:var(--contrast-3);}button,html input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"],a.button,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background){color:#ffffff;background-color:var(--accent);}button:hover,html input[type="button"]:hover,input[type="reset"]:hover,input[type="submit"]:hover,a.button:hover,button:focus,html input[type="button"]:focus,input[type="reset"]:focus,input[type="submit"]:focus,a.button:focus,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):active,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):focus,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):hover{color:#ffffff;background-color:var(--accent-hover);}a.generate-back-to-top{background-color:rgba( 0,0,0,0.4 );color:#ffffff;}a.generate-back-to-top:hover,a.generate-back-to-top:focus{background-color:rgba( 0,0,0,0.6 );color:#ffffff;}:root{--gp-search-modal-bg-color:var(--base-3);--gp-search-modal-text-color:var(--contrast);--gp-search-modal-overlay-bg-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.2);}@media (max-width: 768px){.main-navigation .menu-bar-item:hover > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item.sfHover > a{background:none;color:var(--contrast);}}.inside-top-bar{padding:10px;}.inside-header{padding:40px;}.nav-below-header .main-navigation .inside-navigation.grid-container, .nav-above-header .main-navigation .inside-navigation.grid-container{padding:0px 20px 0px 20px;}.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .one-container .site-content, .inside-page-header{padding:50px;}.site-main .wp-block-group__inner-container{padding:50px;}.separate-containers .paging-navigation{padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px;}.entry-content .alignwide, body:not(.no-sidebar) .entry-content .alignfull{margin-left:-50px;width:calc(100% + 100px);max-width:calc(100% + 100px);}.one-container.right-sidebar .site-main,.one-container.both-right .site-main{margin-right:50px;}.one-container.left-sidebar .site-main,.one-container.both-left .site-main{margin-left:50px;}.one-container.both-sidebars .site-main{margin:0px 50px 0px 50px;}.one-container.archive .post:not(:last-child):not(.is-loop-template-item), .one-container.blog .post:not(:last-child):not(.is-loop-template-item){padding-bottom:50px;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a,.menu-toggle,.main-navigation .menu-bar-item > a{line-height:51px!important;}.navigation-search input[type="search"]{height:65px;}.rtl .menu-item-has-children .dropdown-menu-toggle{padding-left:20px;}.rtl .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.menu-item-has-children > a{padding-right:20px;}.widget-area .widget{padding:50px;}.inside-site-info{padding:20px;}@media (max-width:768px){.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .one-container .site-content, .inside-page-header{padding:30px;}.site-main .wp-block-group__inner-container{padding:30px;}.inside-site-info{padding-right:10px;padding-left:10px;}.entry-content .alignwide, body:not(.no-sidebar) .entry-content .alignfull{margin-left:-30px;width:calc(100% + 60px);max-width:calc(100% + 60px);}.one-container .site-main .paging-navigation{margin-bottom:20px;}.main-navigation ul ul{background-color:var(--base)!important;}.main-navigation.toggled .main-nav > ul{background-color:var(--base)!important;}}/* End cached CSS */.is-right-sidebar{width:30%;}.is-left-sidebar{width:25%;}.site-content .content-area{width:70%;}@media (max-width: 768px){.main-navigation .menu-toggle,.sidebar-nav-mobile:not(#sticky-placeholder){display:block;}.main-navigation ul,.gen-sidebar-nav,.main-navigation:not(.slideout-navigation):not(.toggled) .main-nav > ul,.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation .inside-navigation > *:not(.navigation-search):not(.main-nav){display:none;}.nav-align-right .inside-navigation,.nav-align-center .inside-navigation{justify-content:space-between;}} .dynamic-author-image-rounded{border-radius:100%;}.dynamic-featured-image, .dynamic-author-image{vertical-align:middle;}.one-container.blog .dynamic-content-template:not(:last-child), .one-container.archive .dynamic-content-template:not(:last-child){padding-bottom:0px;}.dynamic-entry-excerpt > p:last-child{margin-bottom:0px;} .main-navigation .main-nav ul li a,.menu-toggle,.main-navigation .menu-bar-item > a{transition: line-height 300ms ease}.main-navigation.toggled .main-nav > ul{background-color: var(--accent)}.sticky-enabled .gen-sidebar-nav.is_stuck .main-navigation {margin-bottom: 0px;}.sticky-enabled .gen-sidebar-nav.is_stuck {z-index: 500;}.sticky-enabled .main-navigation.is_stuck {box-shadow: 0 2px 2px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2);}.navigation-stick:not(.gen-sidebar-nav) {left: 0;right: 0;width: 100% !important;}.nav-float-right .navigation-stick {width: 100% !important;left: 0;}.nav-float-right .navigation-stick .navigation-branding {margin-right: auto;}.main-navigation.has-sticky-branding:not(.grid-container) .inside-navigation:not(.grid-container) .navigation-branding{margin-left: 10px;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-child-css' href='https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child/style.css?ver=1724243142' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-google-fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans%3A300%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C700&display=auto&ver=3.4.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-blog-images-css' href='https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/blog/functions/css/featured-images.min.css?ver=2.4.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-navigation-branding-css' href='https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/menu-plus/functions/css/navigation-branding-flex.min.css?ver=2.4.1' media='all' /> <style id='generate-navigation-branding-inline-css'> .main-navigation.has-branding .inside-navigation.grid-container, .main-navigation.has-branding.grid-container .inside-navigation:not(.grid-container){padding:0px 50px 0px 50px;}.main-navigation.has-branding:not(.grid-container) .inside-navigation:not(.grid-container) .navigation-branding{margin-left:10px;}.navigation-branding img, .site-logo.mobile-header-logo img{height:65px;width:auto;}.navigation-branding .main-title{line-height:65px;}@media (max-width: 768px){.main-navigation.has-branding.nav-align-center .menu-bar-items, .main-navigation.has-sticky-branding.navigation-stick.nav-align-center .menu-bar-items{margin-left:auto;}.navigation-branding{margin-right:auto;margin-left:10px;}.navigation-branding .main-title, .mobile-header-navigation .site-logo{margin-left:10px;}.main-navigation.has-branding .inside-navigation.grid-container{padding:0px;}} </style> <script src="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/71" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.1" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/cancer-biomarker/innovative-approaches-to-cancer-biomarker-detection/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/?p=71' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnanotechnology.blog%2Farchive%2Fcancer-biomarker%2Finnovative-approaches-to-cancer-biomarker-detection%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnanotechnology.blog%2Farchive%2Fcancer-biomarker%2Finnovative-approaches-to-cancer-biomarker-detection%2F&format=xml" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/cropped-favi-icon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/cropped-favi-icon-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/cropped-favi-icon-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/cropped-favi-icon-270x270.png" /> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-71 single-format-standard wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive post-image-above-header post-image-aligned-center sticky-menu-no-transition sticky-enabled both-sticky-menu right-sidebar nav-below-header separate-containers header-aligned-left dropdown-hover featured-image-active" itemtype="https://schema.org/Blog" itemscope> <a class="screen-reader-text skip-link" href="#content" title="Skip to content">Skip to content</a> <nav class="auto-hide-sticky has-branding main-navigation nav-align-right has-menu-bar-items sub-menu-right" id="site-navigation" aria-label="Primary" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" itemscope> <div class="inside-navigation grid-container"> <div class="navigation-branding"><div class="site-logo"> <a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/" title="Nanotechnology" rel="home"> <img class="header-image is-logo-image" alt="Nanotechnology" src="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/cropped-logo.png" title="Nanotechnology" width="821" height="192" /> </a> </div></div> <button class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="gp-icon icon-menu-bars"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M0 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24zm0 160c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24zm0 160c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24z" /></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /></svg></span><span class="mobile-menu">Menu</span> </button> <div id="primary-menu" class="main-nav"><ul id="menu-primary-menu" class=" menu sf-menu"><li id="menu-item-61" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-61"><a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-69" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-69"><a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/about/">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-62" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-62"><a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/publication-trends/">Publication Trends</a></li> <li id="menu-item-63" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-63"><a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/recent-publications/">Recent Publications</a></li> <li id="menu-item-64" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-64"><a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/expert-search/">Expert Search</a></li> </ul></div><div class="menu-bar-items"> <span class="menu-bar-item"> <a href="#" role="button" aria-label="Open search" data-gpmodal-trigger="gp-search"><span class="gp-icon icon-search"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M208 48c-88.366 0-160 71.634-160 160s71.634 160 160 160 160-71.634 160-160S296.366 48 208 48zM0 208C0 93.125 93.125 0 208 0s208 93.125 208 208c0 48.741-16.765 93.566-44.843 129.024l133.826 134.018c9.366 9.379 9.355 24.575-.025 33.941-9.379 9.366-24.575 9.355-33.941-.025L337.238 370.987C301.747 399.167 256.839 416 208 416 93.125 416 0 322.875 0 208z" /></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /></svg></span></a> </span> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="site grid-container container hfeed" id="page"> <div class="site-content" id="content"> <div class="content-area" id="primary"> <main class="site-main" id="main"> <article id="post-71" class="post-71 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-cancer-biomarker tag-aptamers tag-cancer-biomarkers tag-early-cancer-detection tag-fluorescence-biosensing tag-metal-enhanced-fluorescence tag-nanotechnology tag-non-invasive-diagnostics tag-quantum-dots tag-smartphone-diagnostics" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <div class="featured-image page-header-image-single "> <img width="2560" height="1463" src="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Cancer-BioMarker-16-2-scaled.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Cancer-BioMarker-16-2-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Cancer-BioMarker-16-2-300x171.jpg 300w, https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Cancer-BioMarker-16-2-1024x585.jpg 1024w, https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Cancer-BioMarker-16-2-768x439.jpg 768w, https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Cancer-BioMarker-16-2-1536x878.jpg 1536w, https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Cancer-BioMarker-16-2-2048x1170.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Innovative Approaches to Cancer Biomarker Detection</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="updated" datetime="2024-08-29T17:45:03+05:30" itemprop="dateModified">August 29, 2024</time><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-29T16:07:08+05:30" itemprop="datePublished">August 29, 2024</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/author/nanotechnology/" title="View all posts by nanotechnology" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">nanotechnology</span></a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Unfortunately, cancer is still one of the largest obstacles in contemporary medicine, and early detection can help increase patients’ survival rates. Since its inception, the concept of cancer biomarkers, or biological markers for cancer diagnosis, has been widely embraced due to its recommendations in the identification of the disease, the development of a treatment plan, and the evaluation of the progress achieved in treatment. The methods of biomarker detection that have been used in the past are satisfactory, but they have drawbacks such as low sensitivity and invasiveness. To these, some solutions have been developed that employ some of today’s enhanced features, such as nanotechnology, biosensing, and molecular biology, among others. These advanced methods have the potential to greatly improve the discovery of biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment due to their non-invasive nature and increased sensitivity or specificity, thus helping to bring about more individualized cancer care.</span></p> <h3><b>The Role of Nanotechnology in Biomarker Detection</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Nanotechnology has brought new possibilities for the identification of cancer biomarkers and tools working on the molecular and cellular levels. Some of the advancements in this area include the application of nanoparticles, which can be compounded in such a way that they detect biomarkers related to cancer cells with high sensitivity. Among all the noble metal NPs, gold and silver have been studied more because they possess optical characteristics. Nanoparticles that can be conjugated with antibodies or aptamers that selectively interact with biomarker molecules for detection by changes in fluorescence, electrochemical, or color changes can be used.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">For instance, modern advancements have revealed new applications of decahedral silver nanoparticles in fluorescence polarization-based detection methods. These nanoparticles can offer enzyme-free, highly sensitive, and specific miRNA capture with specific miRNAs like miRNA-21, which has been associated with several cancers. Due to these properties of the nanoparticles as well as strand displacement reactions, the proposed method is capable of detecting low levels of miRNAs in biological samples and is invasive while being highly specific.</span></p> <p><span data-teams="true"><span class="ui-provider a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ab ac ae af ag ah ai aj ak" dir="ltr"></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Yearwise Publication Trend on <b>“<a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/publication-trends/index/cancer biomarker" target="_blank" title="cancer biomarker - yearwise publication trends">cancer biomarker</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div><div class="results-container"><div class="chart-block" style="padding:15px;"> <div class="left"> <div id="results" class="results"></div> </div> <div class="right"> <div class="chart-container"><canvas id="publicationChart"></canvas></div> </div> <div class="keywordsdiv"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publication trends on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-stats"></span> </div> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"><style> table { margin: 0 0 1.5em; width: max-content; text-align: center; } @media only screen and (max-width: 993px) { .Adblock-main { width: 100% !important; margin:auto } } .Adblock-main { width: 100%; margin:auto; background-color:#fff; } .Adblock-head { background: #42c251; padding: 12px 10px; } .Adblock-head h1, .Adblock-head h2 { color: #fff; font-size: 20px; text-align: center; font-weight: 500; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 8px; } .Adblock-head h1 a{ color: #000; text-decoration: none; font-size:22px; padding:0px; } .Adblock-head h1 a:hover{ color: #000; text-decoration: underline; } .Ad-title{ margin-bottom: 1px; margin-top: 5px; text-align: center; font-size: 15px; color: #000; } .Ad-title a { color: #000; text-decoration: underline; } .Ad-title a:hover{ color: #000; text-decoration: underline; } .Ad-title1 { margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 15px; text-align: center; font-size: 18px; color: #000; } .Ad-title1 a { color: #000; text-decoration: underline; } .Ad-title1 a:hover{ color: #000; text-decoration: underline; } .Ad-subtitle { margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 15px; text-align: center; } .Ad-subtitle1 { margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; } .Ad-middle { border: solid 1px #ccc; padding-bottom: 20px; border-bottom: none; } .register-button { background-color: #283b39; color: #ffffff !important; padding: 10px 14px; border: none; border-radius: 5px; font-size: 14px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; margin-top: 15px; } .register-button span { color:#6dfe7e; } .register-button:hover { background-color: #161515; color:#fff; } .tablediv { width:100%; border: solid 1px #ccc; background:#fff; margin-bottom: 0px !important; } .tablediv th,.tablediv td{ font-size:13px!important; } .keywordsdiv { font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; background: #f1f1f1; padding: 10px 15px; margin-top: 15px; border-radius: 5px; } .keywordsdiv a{ color: #276cb5; padding: 0; } .keywordsdiv a:hover{ color:#000; text-decoration:underline; } .pub-scroll{ max-height: 260px; overflow-y: auto; overflow-x: hidden; } .chart-block { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; background:#fff; border:1px solid #ccc; } .chart-block .left, .chart-block .right { background-color: #fff; padding: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; } .chart-block .left { flex: 1 1 5%; /* Takes up 45% of the width, flexible */ padding-right:0px !important } .chart-block .right { flex: 1 1 45%; /* Takes up 45% of the width, flexible */ } /* Responsive adjustments */ @media (max-width: 768px) { .chart-block .left, .chart-block .right { flex: 1 1 100%; /* Stack vertically on smaller screens */ margin: 0 0 10px 0; padding-right:20px !important } .chart-block .right{ width:50% !important; border:solid 1px #ccc; } .pub-scroll{ max-height:100% !important; overflow-y: inherit; overflow-x: hidden; } } </style> <script src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/chart.js'></script> <script> var chart = null; function displayResults(statistics) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('results'); if (!statistics || Object.keys(statistics).length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var tableHTML = `<div class='pub-scroll'> <table class='tablediv' border='1' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='0'> <tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Publication Count</th> </tr>`; Object.entries(statistics).sort(([yearA], [yearB]) => yearB - yearA).forEach(([year, count]) => { const displayCount = count === 0 ? 'NA' : count; tableHTML += ` <tr> <td>${year}</td> <td>${displayCount}</td> </tr> `; }); tableHTML += '</table></div>'; resultsContainer.innerHTML = tableHTML; } function displayLineChart(statistics) { var years = Object.keys(statistics); var counts = Object.values(statistics); var ctx = document.getElementById('publicationChart').getContext('2d'); // Destroy existing chart instance if it exists if (chart !== null) { chart.destroy(); } // Create a new chart instance chart = new Chart(ctx, { type: 'line', data: { labels: years, datasets: [{ label: 'Publication Counts', data: counts, fill: false, borderColor: 'rgba(75, 192, 192, 1)', tension: 0.1 }] }, options: { scales: { y: { beginAtZero: true } }, plugins: { legend: { display: true, position: 'top' } } } }); } function displayKeywordStats(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-stats'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach((key, index) => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/publication-trends/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key} - yearwise publication trends">${key}</a>`; if (index < keywords.length - 1) { keywordHTML += ', '; } }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var statistics = { "2014": 979, "2015": 903, "2016": 1199, "2017": 1306, "2018": 1427, "2019": 1954, "2020": 2989, "2021": 4116, "2022": 4848, "2023": 7188, "2024": 2645 }; var keywordsArray = ["Cancer biomarkers","Nanotechnology","Fluorescence biosensing","Quantum dots","Smartphone diagnostics","Metal-enhanced fluorescence","Aptamers","Early cancer detection","Non-invasive diagnostics"]; displayResults(statistics); displayLineChart(statistics); displayKeywordStats(keywordsArray); </script></span></span></p> <h3><b>Fluorescence-Based Biosensing for Cancer Biomarkers</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Fluorescence biosensing has become one of the most efficient methods of cancer biomarker detection due to its high sensitivity and the possibility of analyzing biomarkers in complicated biological samples. Another comprehensible method based on the use of aptamers includes the application of fluorescence polarization assays. Aptamers are small oligonucleotides, which can be DNA and/or RNA, that can selectively and with high affinity engage target molecules. The researchers have used fluorescently tagged aptamers to detect the actual amount of exosomes, which are the extracellular vesicles that transport cancer biomarkers.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids make up the biomolecules that are present in the exosome, which is why they hold vast potential for cancer diagnosis. Fluorescence polarization can be employed to detect and quantify exosomes, providing a non-invasive, reproducible, and highly sensitive system for the detection of cancer biomarkers that can be translated to routine clinical use.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Another fluorescence-based method includes the construction of time-resolved fluorescence, which has been advanced to form FLIM, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy that determines the time a molecule takes in the excited state before it emits a fluorescence. </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">This technique has been modified for cancer biomarkers using fluorescently labeled probes that have a preference for particular biomarkers. </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">FLIM is advantageous for detecting biomarkers at low concentrations and in real-time, making it useful in early cancer diagnosis.</span></p> <h3><b>Quantum Dots: A New Frontier in Biosensing</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Another modern technique that can be used in the detection of biomarkers for cancer is quantum dots (QDs). These semiconductor nanoparticles have some peculiar characteristics: the dependence of the emitted light wavelength on the size of the nanoparticles and their high photostability, which makes them suitable for application in biosensors. The most emerging research activities in the area of QD bio-sensing have been directed to the analysis of numerous types of cancer biomarkers, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">For example, quantum dots have been used in biosensors to detect miRNA-21. Here, the quantum dots can funnel a bright fluorescent signal upon binding to the target biomarker. This way, not only does the sensitivity of the detection increase, but various biomarkers can be detected at the same time by employing quantum dots of various sizes and fluorescence wavelengths. The ability to multiplex in quantum dots makes it desirable for cancer diagnostics, in which simultaneous determination of multiple biomarkers of the disease is typically needed.</span></p> <h3><b>Smartphone-Integrated Diagnostic Tools</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The integration of biosensing technologies with smartphones represents a significant step forward in the development of portable and user-friendly diagnostic tools. Smartphones offer a powerful platform for data acquisition, processing, and communication, making them ideal for use in point-of-care testing. Recent innovations have led to the development of smartphone-integrated systems for the detection of cancer biomarkers, utilizing microfluidic devices and nucleic acid amplification techniques.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">One such example is a mobile platform that uses loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) combined with microfluidics and smartphone detection for the multiplexed detection of disease-specific nucleic acid sequences. This platform enables the detection of multiple cancer biomarkers simultaneously, providing a rapid and cost-effective diagnostic tool that can be used outside of traditional laboratory settings. The portability and ease of use of smartphone-integrated diagnostic tools have the potential to greatly expand access to cancer diagnostics, particularly in resource-limited settings.</span></p> <p><span data-teams="true"><span class="ui-provider a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ab ac ae af ag ah ai aj ak" dir="ltr"></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Recent Publications on <b>“<a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/recent-publications/index/cancer biomarker" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="cancer biomarker - yearwise publication list">cancer biomarker</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div> <div class="pb-main"><div class="article-scroll"><div id="results_recent" class="results"></div></div><div class="keywordsdiv" style="margin: 0px 15px;margin-top:20px;"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publications on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-papers"></span> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"> <style> .pb-main{ border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .author-main { border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .publication-block { padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .publication-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #000!important; } .publication-block a { font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 1em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; color: #000; padding: 0px; } .publication-block a:hover{ color: #227cdc; text-decoration:underline; } .article-scroll { max-height: 445px; overflow-y: auto; overflow-x: hidden; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-track { -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 6px; background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background-color: #ababab; border-radius:30px; } .publication-block p { margin-bottom: .5em; font-size: 15px; color: #000; } h3 { font-size: 18px !important; margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; } a { padding: 5px; color: #a71c49; } #keyword-papers{ margin-top: 20px; text-align: center; } </style> <script> function decodeString(str) { str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); return str; } function displayResults_recent(papers) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('results_recent'); if (!papers || papers.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No recent publications found.</p>'; return; } papers.forEach(paper => { var publicationBlock = document.createElement('div'); publicationBlock.className = 'publication-block'; var title_de = decodeString(paper.title); var publicationHTML = ` <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;"><a href="${paper.url}" target="_blank" title="${title_de}">${title_de}</a></div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> ${paper.publishedDate}</p> `; publicationBlock.innerHTML = publicationHTML; resultsContainer.appendChild(publicationBlock); }); } function displayKeywordPapers(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-papers'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach((key, index) => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/recent-publications/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key} - publication list">${key}</a>`; if (index < keywords.length - 1) { keywordHTML += ', '; } }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var recent_papers = [ { "title": "Development of a bioluminescent homogenous nanobody-based immunoassay for the detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA).", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38944901", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "WGCNA reveals a biomarker for cancer-associated fibroblasts to predict prognosis in cervical cancer.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38946034", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "From balance to imbalance: disruption of plasma glutathione concentration in micropapillary thyroid carcinoma.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38946003", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Transferrin receptor-based circulating tumor cell enrichment provides a snapshot of the molecular landscape of solid tumors and correlates with clinical outcomes.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947080", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Cardiotoxicity of CPX-351 in children and adolescents with relapsed AML: a Children\\\\\\'s Oncology Group report.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947228", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Cardio-oncology in advanced prostate cancer.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947889", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Circulating cell-free (cf)DNA analysis: Current technologies and applications in gynecologic cancer.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947418", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "REEP4 as Potential Biomarker Associated with Predictive Prognosis and Immune Response in Kidney Clear Cell Carcinoma.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947393", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "ACSL3 regulates breast cancer progression lipid metabolism reprogramming and the YES1\/YAP axis.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38953696", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Tissue-resident memory CD103+CD8+ T cells in colorectal cancer: its implication as a prognostic and predictive liver metastasis biomarker.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38954030", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "P4HA2 promotes proliferation, invasion, and metastasis through regulation of the PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38951593", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Machine learning identifies prognostic subtypes of the tumor microenvironment of NSCLC.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38951567", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "A prospective study of HER3 expression pre and post neoadjuvant therapy of different breast cancer subtypes: implications for HER3 imaging therapy guidance.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38951909", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Role of ZNF334 in cervical cancer: implications for EMT reversal and tumor suppression.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38954116", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Evaluating nutrition in advanced ovarian cancer: which biomarker works best?", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38943693", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Recent Advancements in the Application of Circulating Tumor DNA as Biomarkers for Early Detection of Cancers.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38950521", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Comprehensive characterization of intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm (IOPN) of the pancreas: a systematic and critical review.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38950698", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Pancreatic cancer and sarcopenia: a narrative review of the current status.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38954075", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Can thymosin beta 10 function both as a non-invasive biomarker and chemotherapeutic target in human colorectal cancer?", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38850800", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "\u03b3-Glutamyltranspeptidase fluorescence lifetime response probe for precision tumor detection unveiling A549 cancer cell specificity.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38878698", "publishedDate": "2024" } ]; var keywordsArray = ["Cancer biomarkers","Nanotechnology","Fluorescence biosensing","Quantum dots","Smartphone diagnostics","Metal-enhanced fluorescence","Aptamers","Early cancer detection","Non-invasive diagnostics"]; displayResults_recent(recent_papers); displayKeywordPapers(keywordsArray); // function stripslashes(str) { // if (typeof str === 'string') { // return str.replace(/\/g, ''); // } // } </script></span></span></p> <h3><b>Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence for Cancer Biomarker Detection</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The general incorporation of biosensing systems with smartphones has been a major advancement in the production of portable and easy-to-use diagnostic devices. Mobile phones, especially the smart ones, are perfect tools for data collection, analysis, and sharing and are therefore suitable for point-of-care testing. The advancements of the last few years have brought in smartphone-associated systems for the identification of cancer biomarkers using microfluidic tools, along with nucleic acid amplification tests.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">An example of this is a portable cell for the LAMP multiplex analysis of the presence of disease-associated nucleic acid sequences equipped with microfluidics and a smartphone reader. This offers the potential to identify several cancer biomarkers at once, thus allowing the creation of a quick and inexpensive diagnostic tool that can be implemented in a non-hospital environment. Smartphone-integrated diagnostic tools are portable and simple to use; they might significantly increase the accessibility of cancer diagnostics, especially in LMICs.</span></p> <h3><b>Aptamers and Their Role in Biomarker Detection</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Another technique that has been considered for cancer biomarker detection is called metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF). MEF incorporates the application of metallic nanostructures for amplification of the fluorescence signal from the fluorophores, thereby increasing the limit of sensitivity. All optically, some biosensors employ silver-enhanced fluorescence polarization (BioSEF) for the rapid detection of protein biomarkers such as lactoferrin, which has a relationship with cancer.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Due to their high selectivity, conventional and modified aptamers can target various kinds of biomarkers, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and exosomes. Non-antibody-binding molecules, such as aptamers, have some advantages over conventional molecular recognition elements, like antibodies; they are cheaper, synthesizable, and amendable for optimization. Continuous advancement in aptamer-based bio sensitization is expected to result in new diagnostic tests with increased specificity for identifying cancer biomarkers.</span></p> <h3><b>Conclusion</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It is seen that the possibilities for the early and accurate detection of cancer biomarkers have expanded, and new methods appear constantly. None of these has limited scientists and engineers from envisioning and developing superior tools like nanotechnology, fluorescence-based biosensing, quantum dots, smartphone-integrated tools, metal-enhanced fluorescence, and aptamers, among others. Such developments have the possibility of altering the diagnostic techniques for cancer and making them more efficient, painless, and accurate. Therefore, as future research comes through, these innovative approaches will be intensified and adopted in clinical practice, thereby enhancing the global outcome of cancer patients.</span></p> <p></p> <h3><b>References</b></h3> <p>1. Zhang, Z., Tang, C., Zhao, L., Xu, L., Zhou, W., Dong, Z., Yang, Y., Xie, Q. and Fang, X., 2019. <a href="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2019/nr/c9nr01589b/unauth">Aptamer-based fluorescence polarization assay for separation-free exosome quantification</a>. <i>Nanoscale</i>, <i>11</i>(20), pp.10106-10113.</p> <p>2. Rupsa Datta, <span class="ArticleContentText" tabindex="0">Tiffany M. Heaster</span>, Joe T. Sharick, <span class="ArticleContentText" tabindex="0">Amani A. Gillette</span>, and Melissa C. Skala. <a href="https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/journal-of-biomedical-optics/volume-25/issue-7/071203/Fluorescence-lifetime-imaging-microscopy--fundamentals-and-advances-in-instrumentation/10.1117/1.JBO.25.7.071203.full">Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy: fundamentals and advances in instrumentation, analysis, and applications.</a><span class="CitationJournalName"> Journal of Biomedical Optics</span> 25(7), 071203 (13 May 2020).</p> <p>3. Ma, F., Li, C.C. and Zhang, C.Y., 2018. <a href="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2018/tb/c8tb01869c/unauth">Development of quantum dot-based biosensors: principles and applications</a>. <i>Journal of Materials Chemistry B</i>, <i>6</i>(39), pp.6173-6190.</p> <p>4. Chen W, Yu H, Sun F, Ornob A, Brisbin R, Ganguli A, Vemuri V, Strzebonski P, Cui G, Allen KJ, Desai SA, Lin W, Nash DM, Hirschberg DL, Brooks I, Bashir R, Cunningham BT. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28819973/">Mobile Platform for Multiplexed Detection and Differentiation of Disease-Specific Nucleic Acid Sequences, Using Microfluidic Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification and Smartphone Detection</a>. Anal Chem. 2017 Nov 7;89(21):11219-11226. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02478. Epub 2017 Sep 5. PMID: 28819973.</p> <p>5. Chen Z, Li H, Jia W, Liu X, Li Z, Wen F, Zheng N, Jiang J, Xu D. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28467701/">Bivalent Aptasensor Based on Silver-Enhanced Fluorescence Polarization for Rapid Detection of Lactoferrin in Milk</a>. Anal Chem. 2017 Jun 6;89(11):5900-5908. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00261. Epub 2017 May 12. PMID: 28467701.</p> <p>6. Gil HM, Price TW, Chelani K, Bouillard JG, Calaminus SDJ, Stasiuk GJ. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7921844/">NIR-quantum dots in biomedical imaging and their future. iScience</a>. 2021 Feb 15;24(3):102189. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102189. PMID: 33718839; PMCID: PMC7921844.</p> <p>7. Klębowski B, Depciuch J, Parlińska-Wojtan M, Baran J. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6320918/">Applications of Noble Metal-Based Nanoparticles in Medicine.</a> Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Dec 13;19(12):4031. doi: 10.3390/ijms19124031. PMID: 30551592; PMCID: PMC6320918.</p> <p>8. Li, X., Ding, X., Li, Y., Wang, L. and Fan, J., 2016. <a href="https://scite.ai/reports/a-tis-sub-2-sub-nanosheet-enhanced-fluorescence-xN48x3">A TiS 2 nanosheet enhanced fluorescence polarization biosensor for ultra-sensitive detection of biomolecules</a>. <i>Nanoscale</i>, <i>8</i>(18), pp.9852-9860.</p> <p><span data-teams="true"><span class="ui-provider a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ab ac ae af ag ah ai aj ak" dir="ltr"></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Top Experts on “<b style="color:#000;font-size:22px;">cancer biomarker</b>“</h2> </div> </div><div class="author-main"><div id="results_author"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a class="register-button" href="https://nanotechnology.blog/expert-search" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Find experts on any field</a></div></div><div class="inside-article" style="background: none;border: none;box-shadow: none;margin-top: -70px;"> <style> .author-block { padding: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: left; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.2; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .author-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #227cdc; } .author-block p { margin: 5px 0; } .author-b { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom:10px; } .author-b .ainfo { flex: 1 1 30%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left; background: #dcdcdc; padding: 7px 14px; border-radius: 5px; margin-top: 3px; margin-right: 10px; } @media (max-width: 768px) { .author-b .ainfo { flex: 1 1 100%; margin: 10px 0; } } </style> <script> function displayResults_author(authors) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('results_author'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!authors || Object.keys(authors).length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No authors found.</p>'; return; } Object.values(authors).slice(0, 10).forEach(author => { if (author.affiliation.length > 400) { return; } var authorBlock = document.createElement('div'); authorBlock.className = 'author-block'; var author_name=author.name; let key_replace = author_name.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); var authorHTML = ` <h3><a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/author/index/${key_replace}\/${author.aid}" target="_blank" title="${author.name}">${author.name}</a></h3> <div class="author-b"> <div class="ainfo"><strong>H-Index:</strong> ${author.hindex}</div> <div class="ainfo"><strong>Publication Count:</strong> ${author.paper_count}</div> <div class="ainfo"><strong>Citation Count:</strong> ${author.citation_count}</div> </div> <p><strong>Affiliation:</strong> ${author.affiliation}</p> `; authorBlock.innerHTML = authorHTML; resultsContainer.appendChild(authorBlock); }); } function displayKeywordAuthors(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-authors'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach(key => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/expert-search/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key}">${key}</a>`; }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var authors_data = { "NwHoK4wBWBy50K-r4blf": { "aid": "NwHoK4wBWBy50K-r4blf", "name": "M. Piccart", "citation_count": 63997, "hindex": 108, "paper_count": 972, "affiliation": "Research Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium. ", "email": "martine.piccart@bordet.be", "slug_tail": "m-piccart" }, "MnvKK4wBWBy50K-rHFP4": { "aid": "MnvKK4wBWBy50K-rHFP4", "name": "L. Pusztai", "citation_count": 51594, "hindex": 103, "paper_count": 916, "affiliation": "Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. ", "email": "lajos.pusztai@yale.edu", "slug_tail": "l-pusztai" }, "ZqokK4wBWBy50K-rsWYc": { "aid": "ZqokK4wBWBy50K-rsWYc", "name": "M. Untch", "citation_count": 52831, "hindex": 90, "paper_count": 836, "affiliation": "HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, D-13125, Berlin, Germany. ", "email": "michael.untch@helios-gesundheit.de", "slug_tail": "m-untch" }, "1QvsK4wBWBy50K-rBGHv": { "aid": "1QvsK4wBWBy50K-rBGHv", "name": "D. Cameron", "citation_count": 44787, "hindex": 82, "paper_count": 578, "affiliation": "Edinburgh University Cancer Research Centre, IGC, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh & Breast International Group, Brussels, Belgium. ", "email": "D.Cameron@ed.ac.uk", "slug_tail": "d-cameron" }, "5bRZK4wBWBy50K-rM4SV": { "aid": "5bRZK4wBWBy50K-rM4SV", "name": "Jr-hau He", "citation_count": 21815, "hindex": 81, "paper_count": 408, "affiliation": "Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia. ", "email": "jrhauhe@cityu.edu.hk", "slug_tail": "jr-hau-he" }, "EQ1tK4wBWBy50K-rOKI1": { "aid": "EQ1tK4wBWBy50K-rOKI1", "name": "C. Dive", "citation_count": 29978, "hindex": 79, "paper_count": 540, "affiliation": "Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK. ", "email": "caroline.dive@cruk.manchester.ac.uk", "slug_tail": "c-dive" }, "jzX2K4wBWBy50K-rYoH9": { "aid": "jzX2K4wBWBy50K-rYoH9", "name": "A. Partridge", "citation_count": 28604, "hindex": 77, "paper_count": 653, "affiliation": "Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. ", "email": "ann_partridge@dfci.harvard.edu", "slug_tail": "a-partridge" }, "1C11K4wBWBy50K-rLhy_": { "aid": "1C11K4wBWBy50K-rLhy_", "name": "K. Podratz", "citation_count": 18355, "hindex": 76, "paper_count": 344, "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America. ", "email": "podratz.karl@mayo.edu", "slug_tail": "k-podratz" }, "_g03K4wBWBy50K-rGU13": { "aid": "_g03K4wBWBy50K-rGU13", "name": "X. Xia", "citation_count": 25427, "hindex": 74, "paper_count": 473, "affiliation": "School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China. ", "email": "xhxia@nju.edu.cn", "slug_tail": "x-xia" }, "qWZIK4wBWBy50K-rg6dx": { "aid": "qWZIK4wBWBy50K-rg6dx", "name": "Sanjay Gupta", "citation_count": 17792, "hindex": 74, "paper_count": 402, "affiliation": "Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. ", "email": "sanjay.gupta@case.edu", "slug_tail": "sanjay-gupta" }, "CGwVK4wBWBy50K-rRY46": { "aid": "CGwVK4wBWBy50K-rRY46", "name": "W. Cliby", "citation_count": 17344, "hindex": 71, "paper_count": 380, "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. ", "email": "cliby.william@mayo.edu", "slug_tail": "w-cliby" }, "VWRIK4wBWBy50K-rCEbx": { "aid": "VWRIK4wBWBy50K-rCEbx", "name": "A. Krogh", "citation_count": 48708, "hindex": 69, "paper_count": 186, "affiliation": "Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. ", "email": "akrogh@di.ku.dk", "slug_tail": "a-krogh" }, "kaHTK4wBWBy50K-rdEyx": { "aid": "kaHTK4wBWBy50K-rdEyx", "name": "R. Anderson", "citation_count": 14457, "hindex": 67, "paper_count": 427, "affiliation": "Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. ", "email": "Richard.Anderson@ed.ac.uk", "slug_tail": "r-anderson" }, "f5fRK4wBWBy50K-rYESc": { "aid": "f5fRK4wBWBy50K-rYESc", "name": "S. Dowdy", "citation_count": 17927, "hindex": 66, "paper_count": 370, "affiliation": "Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA; Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Healthcare Deliver, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. ", "email": "dowdy.sean@mayo.edu", "slug_tail": "s-dowdy" }, "uh9yK4wBWBy50K-rJuKY": { "aid": "uh9yK4wBWBy50K-rJuKY", "name": "J. Marty", "citation_count": 13815, "hindex": 66, "paper_count": 361, "affiliation": "BAE-LBBM, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, Cedex, France. ", "email": "jlmarty@univ-perp.fr", "slug_tail": "j-marty" }, "QJJSK4wBWBy50K-rqUR1": { "aid": "QJJSK4wBWBy50K-rqUR1", "name": "N. Jaffrezic\u2010Renault", "citation_count": 15985, "hindex": 62, "paper_count": 726, "affiliation": "Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France. ", "email": "Nicole.Jaffrezic@univ-lyon1.fr", "slug_tail": "n-jaffrezic-renault" }, "49qkK4wBWBy50K-rbb-n": { "aid": "49qkK4wBWBy50K-rbb-n", "name": "K. Halling", "citation_count": 12073, "hindex": 61, "paper_count": 258, "affiliation": "Division of Laboratory Genetics and Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. ", "email": "halling.kevin@mayo.edu", "slug_tail": "k-halling" }, "DpQfK4wBWBy50K-ri4Ai": { "aid": "DpQfK4wBWBy50K-ri4Ai", "name": "P. Norouzi", "citation_count": 15828, "hindex": 61, "paper_count": 602, "affiliation": "Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. ", "email": "norouzi@ut.ac.ir", "slug_tail": "p-norouzi" }, "S0YOK4wBWBy50K-rCQRO": { "aid": "S0YOK4wBWBy50K-rCQRO", "name": "A. Bilchik", "citation_count": 12121, "hindex": 60, "paper_count": 282, "affiliation": "Department of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA. ", "email": "BilchikA@jwci.org", "slug_tail": "a-bilchik" }, "L-rjK4wBWBy50K-rg-GY": { "aid": "L-rjK4wBWBy50K-rg-GY", "name": "F. Peccatori", "citation_count": 13895, "hindex": 58, "paper_count": 412, "affiliation": "Fertility and Procreation Unit in Oncology, Gynecologic Oncology Program, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy. ", "email": "fedro.peccatori@ieo.it", "slug_tail": "f-peccatori" }, "LNgsK4wBWBy50K-rbOWL": { "aid": "LNgsK4wBWBy50K-rbOWL", "name": "J. Cooper", "citation_count": 11403, "hindex": 57, "paper_count": 410, "affiliation": "Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8LT Glasgow, United Kingdom; ", "email": "jon.cooper@glasgow.ac.uk", "slug_tail": "j-cooper" }, "Yvb_KowBWBy50K-rFk5n": { "aid": "Yvb_KowBWBy50K-rFk5n", "name": "E. de Azambuja", "citation_count": 15076, "hindex": 57, "paper_count": 302, "affiliation": "Institut Jules Bordet, Department of Research, Brussels, Belgium. ", "email": "Evandro.azambuja@bordet.be", "slug_tail": "e-de-azambuja" }, "PlbiKowBWBy50K-rS0b9": { "aid": "PlbiKowBWBy50K-rS0b9", "name": "G. Batist", "citation_count": 15653, "hindex": 56, "paper_count": 421, "affiliation": "Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ", "email": "gerald.batist@mcgill.ca", "slug_tail": "g-batist" }, "OADSKowBWBy50K-rZtBU": { "aid": "OADSKowBWBy50K-rZtBU", "name": "A. Elaissari", "citation_count": 14091, "hindex": 56, "paper_count": 410, "affiliation": "Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, LAGEP-UMR 5007, F-69622 Lyon, France. ", "email": "abdelhamid.elaissari@univ-lyon1.fr", "slug_tail": "a-elaissari" }, "7PfnK4wBWBy50K-rVIyg": { "aid": "7PfnK4wBWBy50K-rVIyg", "name": "D. Kelly", "citation_count": 10335, "hindex": 55, "paper_count": 241, "affiliation": "Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California, USA; John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California, USA. ", "email": "kellyd@jwci.org", "slug_tail": "d-kelly" }, "g0kOK4wBWBy50K-rdySY": { "aid": "g0kOK4wBWBy50K-rdySY", "name": "P. Nuciforo", "citation_count": 12366, "hindex": 55, "paper_count": 344, "affiliation": "Molecular Oncology Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain. ", "email": "pnuciforo@vhio.net", "slug_tail": "p-nuciforo" }, "IwCuK4wBWBy50K-rbWum": { "aid": "IwCuK4wBWBy50K-rbWum", "name": "M. Dieu-Nosjean", "citation_count": 14807, "hindex": 54, "paper_count": 108, "affiliation": "Sorbonne University UMRS1135, Paris, France. ", "email": "marie-caroline.dieu-nosjean@inserm.fr", "slug_tail": "m-dieu-nosjean" }, "nTgLK4wBWBy50K-rZyy-": { "aid": "nTgLK4wBWBy50K-rZyy-", "name": "T. Park", "citation_count": 9392, "hindex": 52, "paper_count": 421, "affiliation": "Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. ", "email": "thpark@snu.ac.kr", "slug_tail": "t-park" }, "pa6WK4wBWBy50K-rcwpQ": { "aid": "pa6WK4wBWBy50K-rcwpQ", "name": "T. Ruzgas", "citation_count": 8752, "hindex": 52, "paper_count": 221, "affiliation": "Department of Biomedical Science & Biofilms-Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malm\u00f6 University, 205 06 Malm\u00f6, Sweden. ", "email": "tautgirdas.ruzgas@mau.se", "slug_tail": "t-ruzgas" }, "vhgFK4wBWBy50K-rj_B5": { "aid": "vhgFK4wBWBy50K-rj_B5", "name": "M. Lein", "citation_count": 7370, "hindex": 51, "paper_count": 220, "affiliation": "Department of Urology, Sana Medical Center Offenbach, 63069 Offenbach am Main, Germany. ", "email": "michael.lein@sana.de", "slug_tail": "m-lein" }, "PrtaK4wBWBy50K-rq09n": { "aid": "PrtaK4wBWBy50K-rq09n", "name": "A. Mokhtarzadeh", "citation_count": 7324, "hindex": 51, "paper_count": 262, "affiliation": "Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ", "email": "mokhtarzadehah@tbzmed.ac.ir", "slug_tail": "a-mokhtarzadeh" }, "oHbJK4wBWBy50K-rXnOx": { "aid": "oHbJK4wBWBy50K-rXnOx", "name": "R. Zahedi", "citation_count": 9370, "hindex": 50, "paper_count": 187, "affiliation": "Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Center for Computational and Data-Intensive Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia. ", "email": "rene.zahedi@ladydavis.ca", "slug_tail": "r-zahedi" }, "e26FK4wBWBy50K-rSbj-": { "aid": "e26FK4wBWBy50K-rSbj-", "name": "P. Solanki", "citation_count": 8365, "hindex": 50, "paper_count": 266, "affiliation": "Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India. ", "email": "partima@mail.jnu.ac.in", "slug_tail": "p-solanki" }, "IOMuK4wBWBy50K-rw__K": { "aid": "IOMuK4wBWBy50K-rw__K", "name": "C. Mermel", "citation_count": 44223, "hindex": 49, "paper_count": 83, "affiliation": "Google Health, Mountain View, CA, USA. ", "email": "cmermel@google.com", "slug_tail": "c-mermel" }, "1QMBK4wBWBy50K-r4PKY": { "aid": "1QMBK4wBWBy50K-r4PKY", "name": "M. Shiddiky", "citation_count": 6904, "hindex": 48, "paper_count": 188, "affiliation": "Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia; School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia. ", "email": "m.shiddiky@griffith.edu.au", "slug_tail": "m-shiddiky" }, "HkHeKowBWBy50K-r7GMf": { "aid": "HkHeKowBWBy50K-r7GMf", "name": "K. Ruddy", "citation_count": 11175, "hindex": 47, "paper_count": 485, "affiliation": "Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. ", "email": "Ruddy.Kathryn@mayo.edu", "slug_tail": "k-ruddy" }, "EZSPK4wBWBy50K-rYe-2": { "aid": "EZSPK4wBWBy50K-rYe-2", "name": "B. Kipp", "citation_count": 6848, "hindex": 46, "paper_count": 263, "affiliation": "Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. ", "email": "Kipp.Benjamin@mayo.edu", "slug_tail": "b-kipp" }, "BARrK4wBWBy50K-rLRZa": { "aid": "BARrK4wBWBy50K-rLRZa", "name": "M. Vossoughi", "citation_count": 6324, "hindex": 46, "paper_count": 225, "affiliation": "Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. ", "email": "vosoughi@sharif.edu", "slug_tail": "m-vossoughi" }, "Wa7xKowBWBy50K-r0Aj5": { "aid": "Wa7xKowBWBy50K-r0Aj5", "name": "Huwei Liu", "citation_count": 6999, "hindex": 46, "paper_count": 277, "affiliation": "Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. ", "email": "hwliu@pku.edu.cn", "slug_tail": "huwei-liu" }, "ldYsK4wBWBy50K-rFMqR": { "aid": "ldYsK4wBWBy50K-rFMqR", "name": "D. Hor\u00e1k", "citation_count": 7131, "hindex": 46, "paper_count": 349, "affiliation": "Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1m. 2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic. ", "email": "horak@imc.cas.cz", "slug_tail": "d-horak" }, "kXjnKowBWBy50K-run2j": { "aid": "kXjnKowBWBy50K-run2j", "name": "J. Bakkum-Gamez", "citation_count": 7102, "hindex": 46, "paper_count": 282, "affiliation": "Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. ", "email": "Bakkum.Jamie@mayo.edu", "slug_tail": "j-bakkum-gamez" }, "zImNK4wBWBy50K-rPxCv": { "aid": "zImNK4wBWBy50K-rPxCv", "name": "F. Foret", "citation_count": 6836, "hindex": 46, "paper_count": 295, "affiliation": "Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveri 967\/97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic. ", "email": "foret@iach.cz", "slug_tail": "f-foret" }, "v9JhK4wBWBy50K-rTgrB": { "aid": "v9JhK4wBWBy50K-rTgrB", "name": "A. Hayat", "citation_count": 5740, "hindex": 46, "paper_count": 175, "affiliation": "Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan. ", "email": "akhtarhayat@cuilahore.edu.pk", "slug_tail": "a-hayat" }, "9rsnK4wBWBy50K-rXzfM": { "aid": "9rsnK4wBWBy50K-rXzfM", "name": "L. Dubeau", "citation_count": 7517, "hindex": 45, "paper_count": 144, "affiliation": "Department of Pathology and USC\/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA ", "email": "ldubeau@usc.edu", "slug_tail": "l-dubeau" }, "UvBnK4wBWBy50K-rJK4-": { "aid": "UvBnK4wBWBy50K-rJK4-", "name": "P. Skl\u00e1dal", "citation_count": 7896, "hindex": 45, "paper_count": 587, "affiliation": "Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. ", "email": "skladal@chemi.muni.cz", "slug_tail": "p-skladal" }, "4uIuK4wBWBy50K-rk9XP": { "aid": "4uIuK4wBWBy50K-rk9XP", "name": "M. Lambertini", "citation_count": 8215, "hindex": 45, "paper_count": 457, "affiliation": "Department of Medical Oncology, U.O.C. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy. ", "email": "matteo.lambertini@unige.it", "slug_tail": "m-lambertini" }, "N5JSK4wBWBy50K-rrmMs": { "aid": "N5JSK4wBWBy50K-rrmMs", "name": "C. Casiano", "citation_count": 7297, "hindex": 44, "paper_count": 159, "affiliation": "Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA. ", "email": "ccasiano@llu.edu", "slug_tail": "c-casiano" }, "WUrAK4wBWBy50K-rNPO9": { "aid": "WUrAK4wBWBy50K-rNPO9", "name": "G. Deep", "citation_count": 5688, "hindex": 44, "paper_count": 233, "affiliation": "Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. ", "email": "gdeep@wakehealth.edu", "slug_tail": "g-deep" }, "2l_EK4wBWBy50K-rhlgV": { "aid": "2l_EK4wBWBy50K-rhlgV", "name": "J. Sohn", "citation_count": 13319, "hindex": 44, "paper_count": 323, "affiliation": "Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. ", "email": "oncosohn@yuhs.ac", "slug_tail": "j-sohn" }, "YHWHK4wBWBy50K-r6bqz": { "aid": "YHWHK4wBWBy50K-r6bqz", "name": "Yuzhong Zhang", "citation_count": 6067, "hindex": 44, "paper_count": 205, "affiliation": "College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chem-Biosensing, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, People's Republic of China. ", "email": "zhyz65@mail.ahnu.edu.cn", "slug_tail": "yuzhong-zhang" } }; //console.log(authors_data); displayResults_author(authors_data); var keywordsArray = ["Cancer biomarkers","Nanotechnology","Fluorescence biosensing","Quantum dots","Smartphone diagnostics","Metal-enhanced fluorescence","Aptamers","Early cancer detection","Non-invasive diagnostics"]; displayKeywordAuthors(keywordsArray); </script></span></span></p> </div> <footer class="entry-meta" aria-label="Entry meta"> <span class="cat-links"><span class="gp-icon icon-categories"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M0 112c0-26.51 21.49-48 48-48h110.014a48 48 0 0143.592 27.907l12.349 26.791A16 16 0 00228.486 128H464c26.51 0 48 21.49 48 48v224c0 26.51-21.49 48-48 48H48c-26.51 0-48-21.49-48-48V112z" /></svg></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Categories </span><a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/category/cancer-biomarker/" rel="category tag">Cancer Biomarker</a></span> <span class="tags-links"><span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"/><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z" /></svg></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Tags </span><a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/tag/aptamers/" rel="tag">Aptamers</a>, <a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/tag/cancer-biomarkers/" rel="tag">Cancer biomarkers</a>, <a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/tag/early-cancer-detection/" rel="tag">Early cancer detection</a>, <a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/tag/fluorescence-biosensing/" rel="tag">Fluorescence biosensing</a>, <a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/tag/metal-enhanced-fluorescence/" rel="tag">Metal-enhanced fluorescence</a>, <a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/tag/nanotechnology/" rel="tag">Nanotechnology</a>, <a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/tag/non-invasive-diagnostics/" rel="tag">Non-invasive diagnostics</a>, <a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/tag/quantum-dots/" rel="tag">Quantum dots</a>, <a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/tag/smartphone-diagnostics/" rel="tag">Smartphone diagnostics</a></span> <nav id="nav-below" class="post-navigation" aria-label="Posts"> <div class="nav-next"><span class="gp-icon icon-arrow-right"><svg viewBox="0 0 192 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-miterlimit="1.414"><path d="M178.425 256.001c0 2.266-1.133 4.815-2.832 6.515L43.599 394.509c-1.7 1.7-4.248 2.833-6.514 2.833s-4.816-1.133-6.515-2.833l-14.163-14.162c-1.699-1.7-2.832-3.966-2.832-6.515 0-2.266 1.133-4.815 2.832-6.515l111.317-111.316L16.407 144.685c-1.699-1.7-2.832-4.249-2.832-6.515s1.133-4.815 2.832-6.515l14.163-14.162c1.7-1.7 4.249-2.833 6.515-2.833s4.815 1.133 6.514 2.833l131.994 131.993c1.7 1.7 2.832 4.249 2.832 6.515z" fill-rule="nonzero" /></svg></span><span class="next"><a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/nanomedicine/the-role-of-nanoparticle-shape-in-nanomedicine/" rel="next">The Role of Nanoparticle Shape in Nanomedicine</a></span></div> </nav> </footer> </div> </article> </main> </div> <div class="widget-area sidebar is-right-sidebar" id="right-sidebar"> <div class="inside-right-sidebar"> <aside id="block-2" class="widget inner-padding widget_block widget_search"><form role="search" method="get" action="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/" class="wp-block-search__button-outside wp-block-search__text-button wp-block-search" ><label class="wp-block-search__label" for="wp-block-search__input-1" >Search</label><div class="wp-block-search__inside-wrapper " ><input class="wp-block-search__input" id="wp-block-search__input-1" placeholder="" value="" type="search" name="s" required /><button aria-label="Search" class="wp-block-search__button wp-element-button" type="submit" >Search</button></div></form></aside><aside id="block-3" class="widget inner-padding widget_block"><div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"><h2 class="wp-block-heading">Recent Posts</h2><ul class="wp-block-latest-posts__list wp-block-latest-posts"><li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/nanophotonic-devices/nanophotonic-devices-for-sensing-and-imaging/">Nanophotonic Devices for Sensing and Imaging</a></li> <li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/neurotransmitter-detection/advanced-fluorescent-sensors-for-neurotransmitter-detection-innovations-and-applications/">Advanced Fluorescent Sensors for Neurotransmitter Detection: Innovations and Applications</a></li> <li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/nanostructured-polymers/the-role-of-nanostructured-polymers-in-enhancing-photon-upconversion-efficiency/">The Role of Nanostructured Polymers in Enhancing Photon Upconversion Efficiency</a></li> <li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/nanostructured-materials/the-future-of-nanostructured-materials-in-thermal-management/">The Future of Nanostructured Materials in Thermal Management</a></li> <li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/mrna-therapeutics/advancements-in-lipid-nanoparticle-lnp-delivery-systems-for-mrna-therapeutics/">Advancements in Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) Delivery Systems for mRNA Therapeutics</a></li> </ul></div></div></aside><aside id="block-4" class="widget inner-padding widget_block"><div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"><h2 class="wp-block-heading">Recent Comments</h2><div class="no-comments wp-block-latest-comments">No comments to show.</div></div></div></aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer footer-bar-active footer-bar-align-right"> <footer class="site-info" aria-label="Site" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter" itemscope> <div class="inside-site-info grid-container"> <div class="footer-bar"> <aside id="nav_menu-2" class="widget inner-padding widget_nav_menu"><div class="menu-footer-menu-container"><ul id="menu-footer-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-35" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-35"><a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-34"><a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/disclaimer/">Disclaimer</a></li> <li id="menu-item-33" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-33"><a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/terms-and-conditions/">Terms and Conditions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-32" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-32"><a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/contact-us/">Contact us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-31" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31"><a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/about-us/">About us</a></li> </ul></div></aside> </div> <div class="copyright-bar"> © 2024 Nanotechnology </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script id="generate-a11y">!function(){"use strict";if("querySelector"in document&&"addEventListener"in window){var e=document.body;e.addEventListener("mousedown",function(){e.classList.add("using-mouse")}),e.addEventListener("keydown",function(){e.classList.remove("using-mouse")})}}();</script> <div class="gp-modal gp-search-modal" id="gp-search"> <div class="gp-modal__overlay" tabindex="-1" data-gpmodal-close> <div class="gp-modal__container"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-modal-form" action="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/"> <label for="search-modal-input" class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</label> <div class="search-modal-fields"> <input id="search-modal-input" type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> <button aria-label="Search"><span class="gp-icon icon-search"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M208 48c-88.366 0-160 71.634-160 160s71.634 160 160 160 160-71.634 160-160S296.366 48 208 48zM0 208C0 93.125 93.125 0 208 0s208 93.125 208 208c0 48.741-16.765 93.566-44.843 129.024l133.826 134.018c9.366 9.379 9.355 24.575-.025 33.941-9.379 9.366-24.575 9.355-33.941-.025L337.238 370.987C301.747 399.167 256.839 416 208 416 93.125 416 0 322.875 0 208z" /></svg></span></button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/menu-plus/functions/js/sticky.min.js?ver=2.4.1" id="generate-sticky-js"></script>  <script id="generate-menu-js-extra"> var generatepressMenu = {"toggleOpenedSubMenus":"1","openSubMenuLabel":"Open Sub-Menu","closeSubMenuLabel":"Close Sub-Menu"}; </script> <script src="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/js/menu.min.js?ver=3.4.0" id="generate-menu-js"></script> <script src="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/dist/modal.js?ver=3.4.0" id="generate-modal-js"></script> </body> </html>