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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Gnostisisme" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Gnostisisme" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Gnostisisme" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Gnostisisme" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ontstaan_en_groei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ontstaan_en_groei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ontstaan en groei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ontstaan_en_groei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amper_Gnostiese_pous" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amper_Gnostiese_pous"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Amper Gnostiese pous</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amper_Gnostiese_pous-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bloeitydperk_onder_Mani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bloeitydperk_onder_Mani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bloeitydperk onder Mani</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bloeitydperk_onder_Mani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Einde_van_'n_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Einde_van_'n_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Einde van 'n era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Einde_van_'n_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middeleeuse_oplewing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middeleeuse_oplewing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Middeleeuse oplewing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middeleeuse_oplewing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gnostisisme_vandag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gnostisisme_vandag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gnostisisme vandag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gnostisisme_vandag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verskillende_groepe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verskillende_groepe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Verskillende groepe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verskillende_groepe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gnostisisme</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 85 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticismo" title="Gnosticismo – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gnosticismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="غنوصية – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غنوصية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="الغنوسطيين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الغنوسطيين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosticismu" title="Nosticismu – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nosticismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qnostisizm" title="Qnostisizm – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qnostisizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosis" title="Gnosis – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Gnosis" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Гнастыцызм – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гнастыцызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Гнастыцызм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гнастыцызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Гностицизъм – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гностицизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticizam" title="Gnosticizam – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gnosticizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticisme" title="Gnosticisme – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gnosticisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticismus" title="Gnosticismus – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gnosticismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnostigiaeth" title="Gnostigiaeth – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gnostigiaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticisme" title="Gnosticisme – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gnosticisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosis" title="Gnosis – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gnosis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Γνωστικισμός – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γνωστικισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gnosticism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnostikismo" title="Gnostikismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gnostikismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticismo" title="Gnosticismo – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gnosticismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnostitsism" title="Gnostitsism – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gnostitsism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnostizismo" title="Gnostizismo – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gnostizismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="گنوسیسم – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گنوسیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnostilaisuus" title="Gnostilaisuus – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gnostilaisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnostitsism" title="Gnostitsism – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Gnostitsism" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticisme" title="Gnosticisme – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gnosticisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnostisisme" title="Gnostisisme – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gnostisisme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gn%C3%B3is%C3%ADochas" title="Gnóisíochas – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gnóisíochas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnostisism" title="Gnostisism – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Gnostisism" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticismo" title="Gnosticismo – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gnosticismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginost" title="Ginost – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ginost" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1" title="גנוסיס – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גנוסיס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticizam" title="Gnosticizam – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gnosticizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnoszticizmus" title="Gnoszticizmus – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gnoszticizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Գնոստիցիզմ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գնոստիցիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticismo" title="Gnosticismo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gnosticismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnostisisme" title="Gnostisisme – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gnostisisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnostisismo" title="Gnostisismo – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Gnostisismo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnostikismo" title="Gnostikismo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gnostikismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spekistefna" title="Spekistefna – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Spekistefna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticismo" title="Gnosticismo – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gnosticismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="グノーシス主義 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グノーシス主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nastisizim" title="Nastisizim – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Nastisizim" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="გნოსტიციზმი – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გნოსტიციზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Гностицизм – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гностицизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%A7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6" title="ಅಧ್ಯಾತ್ಮ ರಹಸ್ಯವಾದ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಧ್ಯಾತ್ಮ ರಹಸ್ಯವಾದ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%A7%80%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="영지주의 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="영지주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Гностицизм – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гностицизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosis" title="Gnosis – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gnosis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticisme" title="Gnosticisme – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Gnosticisme" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticizmas" title="Gnosticizmas – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gnosticizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticisms" title="Gnosticisms – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gnosticisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gn%C3%B4stisisma" title="Gnôstisisma – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Gnôstisisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Гностицизам – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гностицизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="ജ്ഞാനവാദം – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജ്ഞാനവാദം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnostisisme" title="Gnostisisme – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gnostisisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnostik" title="Gnostik – Nedersaksies" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Gnostik" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticisme" title="Gnosticisme – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gnosticisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnostisisme" title="Gnostisisme – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gnostisisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticisme" title="Gnosticisme – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gnosticisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnostycyzm" title="Gnostycyzm – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gnostycyzm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticismo" title="Gnosticismo – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gnosticismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gnosticism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Гностицизм – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гностицизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticismu" title="Gnosticismu – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gnosticismu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticizam" title="Gnosticizam – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gnosticizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gnosticism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticizmus" title="Gnosticizmus – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gnosticizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticizem" title="Gnosticizem – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gnosticizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticizmi" title="Gnosticizmi – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gnosticizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Гностицизам – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гностицизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gnosticism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujuzilio" title="Ujuzilio – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ujuzilio" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9E%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88" title="ஞானக் கொள்கை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஞானக் கொள்கை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Гностисизм – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гностисизм" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ไญยนิยม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไญยนิยม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnostisismo" title="Gnostisismo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gnostisismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnostisizm" title="Gnostisizm – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gnostisizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Гностицизм – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гностицизм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="غناسطیت – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="غناسطیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnostitsizm" title="Gnostitsizm – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gnostitsizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuy%E1%BA%BFt_ng%E1%BB%99_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1o" title="Thuyết ngộ đạo – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thuyết ngộ đạo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnostisismo" title="Gnostisismo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gnostisismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%95%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="诺斯底主义 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="诺斯底主义" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%95%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="諾斯底主義 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="諾斯底主義" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E7%9F%A5%E6%B4%BE" title="靈知派 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="靈知派" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q48420#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gnostisisme" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Gnostisisme" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span">Dié artikel <b>het bykomende verwysings nodig vir verifikasie</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Help <a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gnostisisme&action=edit">om hierdie artikel te verbeter</a> deur verwysings na betroubare bronne by te voeg. Materiaal sonder bronne kan verwyder word. <small><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Verwydering_van_instandhoudingsjablone" title="Hulp:Verwydering van instandhoudingsjablone">(Vind uit wanneer om dié sjabloonboodskap te verwyder)</a></small></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gnostisisme</b> (afgelei van <a href="/wiki/Grieks" title="Grieks">Grieks</a> <i>gnosis</i> "kennis") is 'n sinkretistiese filosofiese en religieuse beweging wat 'n aantal verskillende geloofstelsels in die <a href="/wiki/Christelik" class="mw-redirect" title="Christelik">Christelike</a> en daarnaas ook Joodse en Egiptiese wêreld behels. Hulle gemeenskaplike geloofsbasis is die oortuiging dat mense goddelike siele is wat in 'n stoflike wêreld gevange is. Gnostici glo dat die stoflike wêreld deur 'n onvolkome gees of skeppergod, die <a href="/wiki/Demiurg" title="Demiurg">demiurg</a>, geskep is en oorheers word, wat dikwels ook as 'n beliggaming van die kwaad of die <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abrahamse</a> god van die Hebreeuse Skrifte (die <a href="/wiki/Ou_Testament" title="Ou Testament">Ou Testament</a>) geïdentifiseer word. </p><p>Daar bestaan 'n ander, hoër wese of God, wat die goeie beliggaam, maar vanweë sy groot afstand van die mens en sy enigmatiese en onkenbare natuur moeilik ervaarbaar word. Om hulleself van die onvolkome stoflike wêreld te kan bevry benodig 'n mens gnosis of <a href="/wiki/Esoterie" title="Esoterie">esoteriese</a> spirituele kennis wat net vir 'n geleerde elite beskikbaar is. Sommige Gnostiese groeperings identifiseer <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christus" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christus">Jesus van Nasaret</a> as 'n beliggaming van die Christus wat met sy vleeswording gnosis na die <a href="/wiki/Aarde" title="Aarde">Aarde</a> gebring het. </p><p>Gnostiese Christene het dikwels geen vaste <a href="/wiki/Kerk_(organisasie)" title="Kerk (organisasie)">kerkorganisasie</a> ontwikkel nie, maar het eerder geprobeer om deur middel van 'n persoonlike soektog die spirituele vereniging met die goddelike te ervaar, en hiervoor was suiwer geloof nie voldoende nie. </p><p>Gnostisisme was in die eerste eeue voor Christus baie gewild in die Mediterreense en Oosterse gebiede en het ook tot 'n magtige beweging in die vroeë Christendom ontwikkel, maar is later, toe sy mededingers, die destydse proto-ortodokse stromings, tot die amptelike religie in die <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Ryk" title="Romeinse Ryk">Romeinse Ryk</a> verklaar is, as 'n dualistiese kettery beskou en onderdruk. Met die uitbreiding van <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> is die aantal Gnostici gedurende die <a href="/wiki/Middeleeue" title="Middeleeue">Middeleeue</a> steeds verminder, alhoewel daar ook in Wes-Europa magtige Gnostiese bewegings soos die <a href="/wiki/Kathaar" title="Kathaar">Kathare</a> ontwikkel en kleiner geïsoleerde groepe deur die eeue heen bestaan het. </p><p>Die term Gnostisisme het eers in die <a href="/wiki/17de_eeu" title="17de eeu">17de eeu</a> gebruiklik geraak en is destyds gebruik om na 'n verskeidenheid antieke Christelike bewegings te verwys wat deur hulle tydgenote as radikaal dualistiese groeperings beskou is en wat die hoogste trap van verlossing deur middel van esoteriese openbaring en mistiese <a href="/wiki/Spiritualiteit" title="Spiritualiteit">spiritualiteit</a> wou bereik. </p><p>Gnostiese stromings en leerstellings het in Europa en Noord-Amerika in die filosofieë van verskillende esoteries-mistiese bewegings van die <a href="/wiki/19de_eeu" title="19de eeu">19de</a> en <a href="/wiki/20ste_eeu" title="20ste eeu">20ste eeu</a> weer 'n belangrike rol gespeel. 'n Aantal groepe beweer dat hulle herstigte moderne weergawes of voortsettings van vroeëre Gnostiese bewegings is. </p><p>Met die herontdekking van Christelik-Gnostiese tekste soos die <a href="/wiki/Nag-Hammadi-geskrifte" class="mw-redirect" title="Nag-Hammadi-geskrifte">Nag-Hammadi-geskrifte</a> was dit moontlik om die kennis aangaande die Gnostiese beweging aansienlik uit te brei. Alhoewel die presiese verhouding tussen Gnostisisme en die vroeë Christendom tans in baie opsigte nog onduidelik bly, toon die Evangelies van Thomas en <a href="/wiki/Evangelie_van_Maria" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelie van Maria">Maria</a> (waarin <a href="/wiki/Maria_Magdalena" title="Maria Magdalena">Maria Magdalena</a> as 'n leidende apostel beskryf word), moontlik ook dié van Johannes, wat volgens sommige navorsers deur Maria Magdalena geskryf is, Gnostiese trekke. </p><p>Die Gnostiese Christendom het blykbaar die leerstellings van Jesus as die pad van verlossing beklemtoon – en nie sy dood en opstanding nie. Sommige Christene het hul geloof na aanleiding van die Gnosties-Christelike tekste begin herwaardeer en wegbeweeg van die ortodokse tradisie na 'n spirituele Christendom. Kerke soos die <a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_Gnostica" title="Ecclesia Gnostica">Ecclesia Gnostica</a> in die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Verenigde State">Verenigde State</a> en die Ecclesia Gnostica Aeterna in <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> het voortgespruit uit die herontdekking van Jesus van Nasaret se spirituele boodskap. </p><p>Die geskiedenis van die Gnostisisme hou nou verband met die geskiedenis van die Christendom. Hoewel elemente van voor-Christelike okkultisme, die Judaïsme, astrologie, Zoroastrisme en Griekse filosofieë 'n belangrike deel van die Gnostisisme vorm, het die Gnostisisme as selfstandige godsdiens eers werklik saam met die vroeë Christendom ontwikkel en gegroei. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ontstaan_en_groei">Ontstaan en groei</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnostisisme&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Ontstaan en groei" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnostisisme&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Ontstaan en groei"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die ontstaan van Gnostisisme is donker van oorsprong. Gnostiese gedagtes het hul verskyning in die voor-christelike, hellenistiese tydperk eers in die ooste, veral Persië, gemaak waar hulle beduidende invloed op die Joodse godsdiens uitgeoefen het. Hulle sou later met Christelike oortuigings versmelt, maar is uiteindelik deur die vroeë Christendom verwerp. </p><p>Gnostisisme verskil opvallend van alle antieke filosofiese strominge, selfs van skeptiese filosofie, in sy deurgaans radikaal pessimistiese wêreldbeeld.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gnostisiste het die skepping nie as onkenbaar of willekeurig beskou nie, maar as die katastrofale werk van 'n bose skeppergod, die demiurg. </p><p>Besonderhede oor die organisasie en omvang van die antieke Gnostisisme is baie skaars, maar Simon Magus, 'n bedrewe Siriese towenaar, word beskou as een van die "vaders" van dié geloof. Magus, later leier van die Siriese Gnostisiste, het onder meer die Bybelse verhale van die mens se sondeval in die <a href="/wiki/Tuin_van_Eden" title="Tuin van Eden">tuin van Eden</a> (Genesis 2, 3) en die volk Israel se uittog uit Egipte as beeldspraak beskou. Hierdie oortuigings word vandag nog deur baie Gnostisiste gehuldig. </p><p>Teen ongeveer 120 n.C. was Basilides die leier van die ander groot Gnostiese groep van daardie tyd – die Alexandriese Gnostisiste. Basilides het leerstellinge van die Egiptiese Hermitisme, Oosterse okkultisme, astrologie en Persiese filosofie deel gemaak van die Gnostisisme. Hy was tot met sy dood lid van die Christelike kerk in <a href="/wiki/Alexandri%C3%AB" title="Alexandrië">Alexandrië</a> en het ook verskeie doktrines uit die Christelike leer aangepas by sy Gnostiese oortuigings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amper_Gnostiese_pous">Amper Gnostiese pous</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnostisisme&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Amper Gnostiese pous" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnostisisme&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Amper Gnostiese pous"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Basilides is teen ongeveer 140 n.C. opgevolg deur Valentinus, 'n gebore Egiptenaar en kenner van die Griekse kultuur en filosofie. Soos sy voorganger,was Valentinus 'n gesiene lid van die Christelike kerk en volgens sommige bronne was hy byna bestem om die pous of minstens 'n biskop te word. Valentinus moes later uit die Christelike kerk bedank. </p><p>Sy belangrikste bydraes tot die Gnostisisme is moontlik die konsep van die pleroma, asook die oortuiging dat onkunde die "wortel van die materiële en verderflike wêreld" is en dat hierdie wêreld sal ophou bestaan sodra onkunde deur kennis uitgeroei is. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bloeitydperk_onder_Mani">Bloeitydperk onder Mani</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnostisisme&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Bloeitydperk onder Mani" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnostisisme&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Bloeitydperk onder Mani"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die tweede helfte van die tweede eeu ná Christus was die begin van 'n bloeitydperk vir die Gnostisisme in Alexandrië en ander gebiede rondom die Middellandse See. Die wedersydse invloed tussen Gnostisisme en veral die Christendom was in dié tyd ook die sterkste. </p><p>In die derde eeu n.C. het Manichaeus (216–277 n.C.), of <a href="/wiki/Mani" title="Mani">Mani</a>, soos hy bekend gestaan het, die leier van die Gnostisiste in Alexandrië geword. Mani was 'n Joodse Christen wat as 'n Baptis grootgeword het, maar onder sy leierskap het die Gnostisisme ongekende groei beleef. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Manige%C3%AFsme" title="Manigeïsme">Manigeïsme</a>, soos wat sy besondere skool van Gnostisisme bekend gestaan het, sou die meeste ander Gnostiese groepe oorleef en eers in die Middeleeue heeltemal van die toneel verdwyn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einde_van_'n_era"><span id="Einde_van_.27n_era"></span>Einde van 'n era</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnostisisme&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Einde van 'n era" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnostisisme&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Einde van 'n era"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Weens die feit dat die antieke Gnostisisme soveel konsepte uit veral die Christelike Leer oorgeneem en dit dan by Gnostiese sieninge aangepas het, was dit onvermydelik dat 'n botsing tussen dié twee groepe moes plaasvind. Teen die einde van die derde eeu n.C. het die Christelike kerk hom al hoe meer begin uitspreek teen die "vals leringe" van die Gnostisiste, en vooraanstaande filosowe soos die Neo-Platonistiese Plotinus het Gnostisisme ook in die openbaar gekritiseer. </p><p>Hoewel gevalle voorgekom het waar Gnostisiste weens hul geloof deur die Christelike kerk vervolg is, het die kerk dié stryd teen Gnostisisme grootliks gewen deur Gnostisiste te oortuig dat hulle 'n vals godsdiens aanhang. Baie Gnostisiste het hulle tot die Christelike leer bekeer, en teen die middel van die vierde eeu n.C. het die Gnostisisme vir alle praktiese doeleindes opgehou om as georganiseerde godsdiens te bestaan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Middeleeuse_oplewing">Middeleeuse oplewing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnostisisme&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Middeleeuse oplewing" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnostisisme&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Middeleeuse oplewing"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terwyl die Gnostisisme in die Weste van die toneel verdwyn het, het dit steeds in Asië as Manicheïsme bly voortbestaan. Tydens die Middeleeue het die Gnostisisme egter ook in Europa 'n kortstondige oplewing beleef toe Katharisme in Frankryk begin het. </p><p>Die Kathare is egter genadeloos deur die Rooms-Katolieke Kerk uitgewis tydens die Albigensiese Kruistogte en die Inkwisisie (1231 n.C.). Daarmee is die Gnostisisme, met die moontlike uitsondering van een oorblywende groep in Iran en Irak, 'n finale nekslag toegedien waarvan hy tot nou toe nog nie herstel het nie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gnostisisme_vandag">Gnostisisme vandag</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnostisisme&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Gnostisisme vandag" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnostisisme&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Gnostisisme vandag"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Verskeie Gnostiese kerke en organisasies probeer tans om Gnostisisme op georganiseerde wyse as wêreldgodsdiens te herstel, maar die meeste van hulle het maar 'n handjievol lede. Dit is egter 'n feit dat talle individue of selfs klein groepies sekere Gnostiese oortuigings deel sonder dat hulle noodwendig amptelik as Gnostisiste geklassifiseer word; daarom is dit nie bekend hoeveel Gnostisiste daar vandag in die wêreld oor is nie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verskillende_groepe">Verskillende groepe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnostisisme&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Verskillende groepe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnostisisme&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Verskillende groepe"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Orde van die Pleroma in <a href="/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland">Engeland</a></li></ul> <p>Ná die ontdekking van die Nag Hummadi-geskrifte in 1945 het die Gnostisisme ná eeue se sluimering weer 'n oplewing getoon en in die 1950's is die Gnostiese Orde van die Pleroma deur Richard Duc de Palatine in Engeland gestig. 'n Lid van dié groep, Stephan Hoeller, is later na die VSA met die doel om Gnostisisme daar te bevorder. </p> <ul><li>Ekklesia Gnostika in die VSA</li></ul> <p>In die 1970's het Hoeller van Duc de Palatine weggebreek en 'n onafhanklike Gnostiese kerk, die Ekklesia Gnostika (Ecclesia Gnostica), sowel as die Gnostiese Vereniging gestig. In dié kerk word die Heilige Nagmaal, soortgelyk aan dié van die tradisionele Rooms-Katolieke Kerk, elke Sondag en op "heilige dae" gevier. In plaas van die Bybel word die Evangelie van Thomas meestal as Heilige Skrif gebruik. </p> <ul><li>Amerikaanse Gnostiese Kerk van Texas</li></ul> <p>Die Amerikaanse Gnostiese Kerk van Texas is in 1985 gestig. Dié groep is geskoei op die leerstellinge van Basilides, leier van die Alexandriese Gnostisiste teen ongeveer 120 nC. Later het 'n lid van dié kerk, Rosamonde Miller, die Ekklesia Gnostika Mysteriorium (Ecclesia Gnostica Mysteriorium) begin in <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto" title="Palo Alto">Palo Alto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaliforni%C3%AB" title="Kalifornië">Kalifornië</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnostisisme&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnostisisme&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Karl-Heinz Göttert: <i>Wissen und Bildung heute</i>. Keulen: Lingen 2006, bl. 112</span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li>Wolfgang Kosack: <i>Geschichte der Gnosis in Antike, Urchristentum und Islam.</i> Texte, Bilder, Dokumente. 525 Seiten. 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