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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:auto; max-width:30em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #ededed;color:inherit;"><div class="fn org">Xi Jinping Administration<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">以习近平同志为核心的党中央</span></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br />5th generation Communist leadership of <br />the People's Republic of China</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color: #efefef;color:inherit; font-weight:bold;">Incumbent</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xi_Jinping_in_July_2024_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Xi_Jinping_in_July_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/110px-Xi_Jinping_in_July_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Xi_Jinping_in_July_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/165px-Xi_Jinping_in_July_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Xi_Jinping_in_July_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Xi_Jinping_in_July_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="930" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Paramount leader <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date formed</th><td class="infobox-data">15 November 2012</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;color:inherit;">People and organisations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Head of state</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Head of government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of ministers</th><td class="infobox-data">31</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Member party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_China" title="List of political parties in China">Eight minor parties</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;color:inherit;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elections</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/18th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">November 2012</a><br /><a href="/wiki/19th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">October 2017</a><br /><a href="/wiki/20th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">October 2022</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature terms</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/12th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="12th National People's Congress">12th National People's Congress</a><br /><a href="/wiki/13th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="13th National People's Congress">13th National People's Congress</a><br /><a href="/wiki/14th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="14th National People's Congress">14th National People's Congress</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hu%E2%80%93Wen_Administration" title="Hu–Wen Administration">Hu Jintao Administration</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Xi%E2%80%93Li_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Xi–Li Administration">Xi–Li Administration</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">China under Xi Jinping</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3" class="extiw" title="wikt:习近平">习近平</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E5%88%B6" class="extiw" title="wikt:体制">体制</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">習近平體制</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">Xi Jinping System</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Xí Jìnpíng tǐzhì</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">zaap<sup>6</sup> gan<sup>6</sup>ping<sup>4</sup> tai<sup>2</sup>zai<sup>3</sup></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Alternative Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E4%B8%BA%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83%E7%9A%84%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE" class="extiw" title="wikt:以习近平同志为核心的党中央">以习近平同志为核心的党中央</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">以習近平同志為核心的黨中央</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the Core</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Yǐ Xí Jìnpíng tóngzhì wéi héxīn de dǎng zhōngyāng</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Second alternative Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E4%B8%BA%E6%80%BB%E4%B9%A6%E8%AE%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE" class="extiw" title="wikt:以习近平同志为总书记的党中央">以习近平同志为总书记的党中央</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">以習近平同志為總書記的黨中央</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the General Secretary</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Yǐ Xí Jìnpíng tóngzhì wéi zǒngshūjì de dǎng zhōngyāng</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="background-color:#EE1C25;color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xi_Jinping_(2024)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Xi_Jinping_%282024%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Xi_Jinping_%282024%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Xi_Jinping_%282024%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Xi_Jinping_%282024%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Xi_Jinping_%282024%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Xi_Jinping_%282024%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="711" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color:#EE1C25;color: #FFF;"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">Xi Jinping</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Personal</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping#Early_life_and_education" title="Xi Jinping">Early life and education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Zhongxun" title="Xi Zhongxun">Xi Zhongxun (Father)</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Administration</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">2012 election as General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">2017 reelection as General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">2022 reelection as General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zhijiang_Army" title="New Zhijiang Army">New Zhijiang Army</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Policies and theories</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Dream" title="Chinese Dream">Chinese Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_prosperity" title="Common prosperity">Common prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping#Agenda_announcement" title="Xi Jinping">Comprehensively Deepening Reforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese-style_modernization" title="Chinese-style modernization">Chinese-style modernization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_circulation" title="Dual circulation">Dual circulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_Musts" title="Eight Musts">Eight Musts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-point_Regulation" title="Eight-point Regulation">Eight-point Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Xi_Jinping" title="Foreign policy of Xi Jinping">Foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Confidences" title="Four Confidences">Four Confidences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Comprehensives" title="Four Comprehensives">Four Comprehensives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-quality_development" title="High-quality development">High-quality development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holistic_security_concept" class="mw-redirect" title="Holistic security concept">Holistic security concept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houses_are_for_living,_not_for_speculation" title="Houses are for living, not for speculation">Houses are for living, not for speculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major-country_diplomacy" title="Major-country diplomacy">Major-country diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_productive_forces" title="New productive forces">New productive forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_media_takes_the_party%27s_last_name" title="Party media takes the party's last name">Party media takes the party's last name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targeted_Poverty_Alleviation" title="Targeted Poverty Alleviation">Targeted Poverty Alleviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_red_lines" title="Three red lines">Three red lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Stricts_and_Three_Honests" title="Three Stricts and Three Honests">Three Stricts and Three Honests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Centenaries" title="Two Centenaries">Two Centenaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Establishes_and_Two_Upholds" title="Two Establishes and Two Upholds">Two Establishes and Two Upholds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought" title="Xi Jinping Thought">Thought</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought_on_Culture" title="Xi Jinping Thought on Culture">culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought_on_Diplomacy" title="Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy">diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought_on_Ecological_Civilization" title="Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization">ecological civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought_on_Economy" title="Xi Jinping Thought on Economy">economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought_on_the_Rule_of_Law" title="Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law">rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought_on_Strengthening_the_Military" title="Xi Jinping Thought on Strengthening the Military">strengthening the military</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping%27s_cult_of_personality" title="Xi Jinping's cult of personality">Personality cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_warrior_diplomacy" title="Wolf warrior diplomacy">Wolf warrior diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole-process_people%27s_democracy" title="Whole-process people's democracy">Whole-process people's democracy</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Key events</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corruption_campaign_under_Xi_Jinping" title="Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping">Anti-corruption campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/709_crackdown" title="709 crackdown">709 crackdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">Persecution of Uyghurs in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_internment_camps" title="Xinjiang internment camps">Xinjiang internment camps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China–US trade war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Hong Kong protests">2019–20 Hong Kong protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">COVID-19 pandemic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_government_response_to_COVID-19" title="Chinese government response to COVID-19">response</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100th_anniversary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="100th anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party">CCP centenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resolution_on_the_Major_Achievements_and_Historical_Experience_of_the_Party_over_the_Past_Century" title="Resolution on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century">Historical resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Xi_Jinping_Administration_reform_spree" title="2020–2021 Xi Jinping Administration reform spree">2020–2021 reform spree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Xi_Jinping_visit_to_Hong_Kong" title="2022 Xi Jinping visit to Hong Kong">2022 Hong Kong visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_COVID-19_protests_in_China" title="2022 COVID-19 protests in China">2022 COVID-19 protests in China</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Diplomatic activities</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Xi%E2%80%93Chu_meeting" title="2015 Xi–Chu meeting">Xi–Chu meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%E2%80%93Xi_meeting" title="Ma–Xi meeting">Xi–Ma Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%E2%80%93Kim_meetings" class="mw-redirect" title="Xi–Kim meetings">Xi–Kim meetings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Xi_Jinping_visit_to_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Xi Jinping visit to Pakistan">2015 Pakistan visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Xi_Jinping_visit_to_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Xi Jinping visit to the United States">2015 United States visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="State visit by Xi Jinping to the United Kingdom">2015 United Kingdom visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Xi_Jinping_Italy_and_France_visit" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Xi Jinping Italy and France visit">2019 Italy and France visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPC_and_World_Political_Parties_Summit" title="CPC and World Political Parties Summit">CPC and World Political Parties Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Russia" title="2023 visit by Xi Jinping to Russia">2023 Russia visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_France,_Serbia_and_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 visit by Xi Jinping to France, Serbia and Hungary">2024 France, Serbia and Hungary visit</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Xi_Jinping" title="Bibliography of Xi Jinping">Works</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_Xi_Jinping_important_speech_series" title="General Secretary Xi Jinping important speech series">Speech series</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Governance_of_China" title="The Governance of China">The Governance of China</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_Xi_Jinping%27s_Kindness_We_Never_Forget" title="General Secretary Xi Jinping's Kindness We Never Forget">General Secretary Xi Jinping's Kindness We Never Forget</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hopes_of_President_Xi" title="The Hopes of President Xi">The Hopes of President Xi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zhijiang_Xinyu" title="Zhijiang Xinyu">Zhijiang Xinyu</a></i></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="skin-invert-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping's signature"><img alt="Xi Jinping's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Xi_Jinping_signature_%282023%29.svg/90px-Xi_Jinping_signature_%282023%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Xi_Jinping_signature_%282023%29.svg/135px-Xi_Jinping_signature_%282023%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Xi_Jinping_signature_%282023%29.svg/180px-Xi_Jinping_signature_%282023%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="215" data-file-height="155" /></a></span></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Danghui.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Danghui.svg/40px-Danghui.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Danghui.svg/60px-Danghui.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Danghui.svg/80px-Danghui.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="320" /></a></span>　<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/40px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/60px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/80px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="976" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Xi_Jinping_sidebar" title="Template:Xi Jinping sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Xi_Jinping_sidebar" title="Template talk:Xi Jinping sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Xi_Jinping_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Xi Jinping sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> succeeded <a href="/wiki/Hu_Jintao" title="Hu Jintao">Hu Jintao</a> as <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> in 2012, and later in 2016 was proclaimed the CCP's 4th <a href="/wiki/Leadership_core" title="Leadership core">leadership core</a>, following <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zemin" title="Jiang Zemin">Jiang Zemin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name <b>Xi Jinping administration</b> is officially called the "<b>Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary</b>" (<span lang="zh">以习近平同志为总书记的党中央</span>) from 2012 to 2016, and "<b>Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the Core</b>" (<span lang="zh">以习近平同志为核心的党中央</span>) since 2016. </p><p>Xi's political ideas and principles, known as <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought" title="Xi Jinping Thought">Xi Jinping Thought</a>, have been incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party">party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the People's Republic of China">national constitutions</a>. As the central figure of the <a href="/wiki/Generations_of_Chinese_leadership" title="Generations of Chinese leadership">fifth generation of leadership</a> of the PRC, Xi has centralized institutional power by taking on multiple positions, including new CCP committees on national security, economic and social reforms, military restructuring and modernization, and the Internet. He and the CCP <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee</a> passed a <a href="/wiki/Resolution_on_the_Major_Achievements_and_Historical_Experience_of_the_Party_over_the_Past_Century" title="Resolution on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century">historical resolution</a> in November 2021. </p><p>His rule is often described as an authoritarian leader by political and academic observers, while his tenure has included an increase of <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_China" title="Censorship in China">censorship</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mass_surveillance_in_China" title="Mass surveillance in China">mass surveillance</a>, deterioration in <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_China" title="Human rights in China">human rights</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_internment_camps" title="Xinjiang internment camps">internment of a million Uyghurs in Xinjiang</a> (which some observers have described as part of <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">a genocide</a>), a <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping%27s_cult_of_personality" title="Xi Jinping's cult of personality">cult of personality</a> developing around Xi, and the removal of term limits for the presidency in 2018. </p><p>In economic policy, Xi has prioritized poverty alleviation and creating <a href="/wiki/Common_prosperity" title="Common prosperity">common prosperity</a> to reduce disparities in wealth. Xi's administration seeks to implement common prosperity in part through its education policy, including through drastically curtailing the tutoring industry and reducing homework burdens. Xi continues to emphasize the need for global development, including through the <a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a>. </p><p>In foreign policy, Xi emphasizes the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Common_Destiny" title="Community of Common Destiny">Community of Common Destiny</a>. He seeks to increase China's ability to shape international norms in emerging policy areas (described as "new frontiers") like space and the internet, where China can position itself as an early entrant. Xi also seeks to increase China's discourse power, which he frames as China's "right to speak." </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_policies">Economic policies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_under_Xi_Jinping&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Economic policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China_(1949%E2%80%93present)" title="Economic history of China (1949–present)">Economic history of China (1949–present)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Targeted_Poverty_Alleviation" title="Targeted Poverty Alleviation">Targeted Poverty Alleviation</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> has set three overarching goals for China's economy.<sup id="cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Tsang&Cheung4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 10">: 10 </span></sup> First, to increase China's capacity for innovation so that it will be able to more actively shape global economic rules.<sup id="cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Tsang&Cheung4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 10">: 10 </span></sup> Second, to enhance order and security in China's domestic market.<sup id="cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Tsang&Cheung4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 10">: 10 </span></sup> Third, creating common prosperity and increasing wealth distribution to the poor.<sup id="cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Tsang&Cheung4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 10">: 10 </span></sup> </p><p>During the Xi Jinping era, the Chinese government continues to use <a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprises_of_China" title="State-owned enterprises of China">state-owned enterprises</a> (SOEs) to serve non-market objectives and CCP control of SOEs has increased<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 138">: 138 </span></sup> while taking some limited steps towards market liberalization, such as increasing mixed ownership of SOEs.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 141">: 141 </span></sup> Although China has promoted <a href="/wiki/National_champions#Chinese_national_champions" title="National champions">its national champion companies</a> since the Jiang Zemin administration,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 158">: 158 </span></sup> it has done so particularly strongly since 2017, especially in the technology sector.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 91">: 91 </span></sup> </p><p>Since 2015, the CCP has issued several industrial plans designed to emphasize high-tech innovation and digital development.<sup id="cite_ref-:33_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:33-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 135">: 135 </span></sup> These industrial plans include <a href="/wiki/Made_in_China_2025" title="Made in China 2025">Made in China 2025</a>, the "Action Outline for Promoting the Development of Big Data", and the "Three-Year Action Plan to Promote the Development of a New Generation of Artificial Intelligence Industry".<sup id="cite_ref-:33_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:33-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 135">: 135 </span></sup> China's Thirteenth and Fourteenth Five-Year Plans have also emphasized high-tech and innovative development.<sup id="cite_ref-:33_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:33-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 135">: 135 </span></sup> </p><p>During the Xi Jinping administration, China has emphasized an economic strategy of <a href="/wiki/Dual_circulation" title="Dual circulation">dual circulation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:102_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:102-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 170">: 170 </span></sup> First, it seeks to rely more on China's domestic consumers.<sup id="cite_ref-:102_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:102-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 160">: 160 </span></sup> Second, it seeks to innovate more domestically developed technology and thereby reduce China's reliance on western technology.<sup id="cite_ref-:102_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:102-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 160">: 160 </span></sup> </p><p>By 2020, China became the largest trading partner of more than 120 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-:0242_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0242-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 228">: 228 </span></sup> At the end of that year, China signed major free trade agreements with the European Union as well as fifteen different Asia-Pacific countries.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 259">: 259 </span></sup> As of at least 2023, China is the world's largest exporter, a status it has maintained continuously since 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-:102_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:102-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 88">: 88 </span></sup> </p><p>China's was the only major world economy to experience GDP growth in 2020, when its GDP increased by 2.3%.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, China's GDP growth reached 8.1% (its highest in a decade) and its trade surplus reached an all-time high $687.5 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_reform">Education reform</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_under_Xi_Jinping&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education reform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_China" title="Education in China">Education in China</a></div> <p>Xi has implemented a number of education reforms.<sup id="cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Tsang&Cheung4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 155">: 155 </span></sup> Schools are required to adjust their opening hours to be consistent with work hours in their area so that parents can pick-up their children directly after work (in order to reduce reliance on private classes for adult supervision after school hours).<sup id="cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Tsang&Cheung4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 155">: 155 </span></sup> Schools must also promote health by requiring outdoor physical education classes daily and providing eye examinations twice per term.<sup id="cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Tsang&Cheung4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 155">: 155 </span></sup> Educational reforms have also limited the amount of homework students can be assigned.<sup id="cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Tsang&Cheung4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 156">: 156 </span></sup> </p><p>As part of Xi's 2021 directive on "double lessening" (reducing excessive off-campus tutoring and reducing homework burdens), schools may not assign homework to children to grades one and two, homework is limited to no more than 60 minutes for children in grades three to six, and no more than 90 minutes for middle school children.<sup id="cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Tsang&Cheung4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 156">: 156 </span></sup> In July 2021, China enacted a series of rules designed to shutdown the private tutoring sector.<sup id="cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Tsang&Cheung4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 156">: 156 </span></sup> </p><p>The government's rationale was that rising educational costs were antithetical to the goals of <a href="/wiki/Common_prosperity" title="Common prosperity">common prosperity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0242_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0242-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 67">: 67 </span></sup> Shutting down private tutoring was intended to narrow the education gap between rich and poor.<sup id="cite_ref-:Zhang_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Zhang-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 5">: 5 </span></sup> Rules issued in July 2021 prohibits new registration of private tuition tutoring centers and required existing centers to re-organize as non-profits.<sup id="cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Tsang&Cheung4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 156">: 156 </span></sup> Tuition centers are prohibited from being listed on the stock market or receiving "excessive capital."<sup id="cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Tsang&Cheung4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 156">: 156 </span></sup> They are no longer permitted to offer tutoring on the weekends or during public holidays.<sup id="cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Tsang&Cheung4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 156">: 156 </span></sup> </p><p>Since September 2021, private schools providing compulsory education can no longer be controlled by foreign entities or individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Tsang&Cheung4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 57">: 57 </span></sup> Only Chinese nationals may serve on their boards of directors.<sup id="cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Tsang&Cheung4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 157">: 157 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_under_Xi_Jinping&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Foreign policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Xi_Jinping" title="Foreign policy of Xi Jinping">Foreign policy of Xi Jinping</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought_on_Diplomacy" title="Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy">Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a></div> <p>During the Xi Jinping administration, China seeks to shape international norms and rules in emerging policy areas where China has an advantage as an early participant.<sup id="cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Tsang&Cheung4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 188">: 188 </span></sup> Xi describes such areas as "new frontiers," and they include policy areas such as space, deep sea, polar regions, the Internet, nuclear safety, anticorruption, and climate change.<sup id="cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Tsang&Cheung4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 188">: 188 </span></sup> </p><p>In his effort to build additional institutional capacity for foreign policy coordination, Xi Jinping created the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Security Commission of the Chinese Communist Party">National Security Commission</a> (NSC), which absorbed the NSLG.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 180">: 180 </span></sup> The NSC's focus is holistic national security and it addresses both external and internal security matters.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 180">: 180 </span></sup> Xi introduced the <a href="/wiki/Holistic_security_concept" class="mw-redirect" title="Holistic security concept">holistic security concept</a> in 2014, which he defined as taking "the security of the people as compass, political security as its roots, economic security as its pillar, military security, cultural security, and cultural security as its protections, and that relies on the promotion of international security."<sup id="cite_ref-:5_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 3">: 3 </span></sup> </p><p>During the Xi Jinping era, the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Common_Destiny" title="Community of Common Destiny">Community of Common Destiny</a> has become China's most important foreign relations formulation.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 6">: 6 </span></sup> In his <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Xi_Jinping" title="Foreign policy of Xi Jinping">foreign policy</a> discourse, Xi cites the examples of "foreign <a href="/wiki/Old_friends_of_the_Chinese_people" title="Old friends of the Chinese people">friends of China</a>" to acknowledge other countries' sacrifices to assist in China's national liberation, particularly with regard to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese war</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 42">: 42 </span></sup> For example, during diplomatic visits to other countries, Xi has praised the contributions of people like <a href="/wiki/Claire_Lee_Chennault" title="Claire Lee Chennault">Claire Lee Chennault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Bethune" title="Norman Bethune">Norman Bethune</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dwarkanath_Kotnis" title="Dwarkanath Kotnis">Dawarkanath Kotnis</a>, and Soviet pilots.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 42">: 42 </span></sup> </p><p>Xi emphasizes his desire to increase China's discourse power in international matters, often characterizing this in terms of China's "right to speak".<sup id="cite_ref-Loh_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loh-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 103">: 103 </span></sup> </p><p>During Xi's administration, China has often extended state-backed loans for energy and infrastructure-building in exchange for natural resources in regions like Central Asia and Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-:132_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:132-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 87">: 87 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_thought">Political thought</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_under_Xi_Jinping&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Political thought"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought" title="Xi Jinping Thought">Xi Jinping Thought</a></div> <p>"Xi Jinping Thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era" was formally launched at the <a href="/wiki/19th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party</a> having gradually been developed since 2012, when Xi became <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Tsang&Cheung4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 21–26">: 21–26 </span></sup> </p><p>In his political discourse, Xi incorporates historical examples and themes.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 32">: 32 </span></sup> He describes history as "the best teacher" and "the best textbook".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 32">: 32 </span></sup> Especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, Xi encourages the Chinese people to develop "historical self-confidence".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 32">: 32 </span></sup> Xi includes ancient history in his political discourse, characterizing China as a "splendid civilization" and highlighting <a href="/wiki/Five_thousand_years_of_Chinese_civilization" title="Five thousand years of Chinese civilization">its five thousand years of history</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 33">: 33 </span></sup> He often cites the <a href="/wiki/Four_Great_Inventions" title="Four Great Inventions">Four Great Inventions</a> as a source of national pride and China's contribution to humanity.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 33">: 33 </span></sup> In his discourse for foreign audiences regarding <a href="/wiki/China%27s_peaceful_rise" title="China's peaceful rise">China's peaceful rise</a>, Xi quotes the <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucian</a> saying, "If you do not want to have it yourself, you should not want to impose it on others."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 64">: 64 </span></sup> In his discourse on the community of shared future, Xi cites the third century scholar <a href="/wiki/Chen_Shou" title="Chen Shou">Chen Shou</a>'s saying that "delicious soup is made by combining different ingredients."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 64">: 64 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_members">Current members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_under_Xi_Jinping&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Current members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standing_Committee">Standing Committee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_under_Xi_Jinping&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Standing Committee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">These tables are an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party#Composition" title="20th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">20th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party § Composition</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party<br /><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col"><abbr title="The official numbering of the Politburo Standing Committee as announced by the 1st plenary session of the 20th Central Committee.">R.</abbr> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="3">Officeholder </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/19th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">19th</a> </th> <th scope="col"><abbr title="The year of birth of the person in question.">Birth</abbr> </th> <th scope="col"><abbr title="Party membership—when the person in question joined the party.">PM</abbr> </th> <th scope="col"><abbr title="Birthplace—in which large city or province the person in question was born in.">Birthplace</abbr> </th> <th scope="col">Academic feats </th> <th scope="col"><abbr title="All political offices held during this electoral term.">Positions</abbr> </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="References.">Ref.</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3_Xi_Jinping_20221023_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Xi Jinping"><img alt="Xi Jinping" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3_Xi_Jinping_20221023_02.jpg/90px-%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3_Xi_Jinping_20221023_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3_Xi_Jinping_20221023_02.jpg/135px-%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3_Xi_Jinping_20221023_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3_Xi_Jinping_20221023_02.jpg/180px-%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3_Xi_Jinping_20221023_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="729" data-file-height="971" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">习近平</span> </td> <td bgcolor="Salmon"><abbr title="Member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">Old</abbr> </td> <td>1953 </td> <td>1974 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !"><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a></span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">Doctoral degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist legal studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">Undergraduate degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chemical_engineering" title="Chemical engineering">chemical engineering</a></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">Twelve</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Party offices <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee</a></li> <li>Chairman, <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Security Commission of the Chinese Communist Party">National Security Commission</a> of the Central Committee</li> <li>Chairman, <a href="/wiki/Central_Comprehensively_Deepening_Reforms_Commission" title="Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission">Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission</a> of the Central Committee</li> <li>Head, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Comprehensively_Law-Based_Governance_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Comprehensively Law-Based Governance Commission (page does not exist)">Central Comprehensively Law-Based Governance Commission</a></li> <li>Head, <a href="/wiki/Central_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission">Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission</a></li> <li>Head, <a href="/wiki/Central_Foreign_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Foreign Affairs Commission">Central Foreign Affairs Commission</a></li> <li>Head, <a href="/wiki/Central_Auditing_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Auditing Commission of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Auditing Committee</a></li> <li>Head, <a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Taiwan_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs">Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs</a> of the Central Committee</li></ul></li> <li>Military offices <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">Commander-in-chief</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joint_Operations_Command_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Operations Command Center">Joint Operations Command Center</a> of the Central Military Commission of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a></li> <li>Head, <a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Military_Reform" title="Central Leading Group for Military Reform">Leading Group for National Defence and Military Reform</a> of the Central Military Commission</li></ul></li> <li>State offices <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the People's Republic of China">President of the People's Republic of China</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Xi_Jinping_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Xi_Jinping-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%9D%8E%E5%BC%BA_Li_Qiang_20221023.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Li Qiang"><img alt="Li Qiang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%E6%9D%8E%E5%BC%BA_Li_Qiang_20221023.jpg/90px-%E6%9D%8E%E5%BC%BA_Li_Qiang_20221023.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%E6%9D%8E%E5%BC%BA_Li_Qiang_20221023.jpg/135px-%E6%9D%8E%E5%BC%BA_Li_Qiang_20221023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%E6%9D%8E%E5%BC%BA_Li_Qiang_20221023.jpg/180px-%E6%9D%8E%E5%BC%BA_Li_Qiang_20221023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="658" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">李强</span> </td> <td bgcolor="LightGreen"><abbr title="Not a Member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">New</abbr> </td> <td>1959 </td> <td>1983 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !"><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a></span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">Master's degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">business administration</a></li> <li>Graduate programme in <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">world economics</a></li> <li>Graduate programme in <a href="/wiki/Engineering_management" title="Engineering management">engineering management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">Undergraduate degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mechanised_agriculture" title="Mechanised agriculture">agricultural mechanisation</a></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">Fifteen</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Party offices <ul><li>Director, <a href="/wiki/Central_Financial_Commission" title="Central Financial Commission">Central Financial Commission</a></li> <li>Director, <a href="/wiki/Central_Institutional_Organisation_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Institutional Organisation Commission">Central Institutional Organisation Commission</a></li> <li>Deputy Chairman, <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Security Commission of the Chinese Communist Party">National Security Commission</a> of the Central Committee</li> <li>Deputy Chairman, <a href="/wiki/Central_Comprehensively_Deepening_Reforms_Commission" title="Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission">Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission</a></li> <li>Deputy Head, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Comprehensively_Law-Based_Governance_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Comprehensively Law-Based Governance Commission (page does not exist)">Central Comprehensively Law-Based Governance Commission</a></li> <li>Deputy Director, <a href="/wiki/Central_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission">Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission</a></li> <li>Deputy Director, <a href="/wiki/Central_Foreign_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Foreign Affairs Commission">Central Foreign Affairs Commission</a></li> <li>Deputy Director, <a href="/wiki/Central_Cyberspace_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission">Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission</a></li> <li>Deputy Head, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Integrated_Military-Civilian_Development_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Integrated Military-Civilian Development Committee (page does not exist)">Central Integrated Military-Civilian Development Committee</a></li> <li>Deputy Head, <a href="/wiki/Central_Auditing_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Auditing Commission of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Auditing Committee</a></li> <li>Leader, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Leading_Group_for_Climate_Change_and_Emissions_Reduction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Leading Group for Climate Change and Emissions Reduction (page does not exist)">Central Leading Group for Climate Change and Emissions Reduction</a></li> <li>Leader, <a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Council_Leading_Party_Members_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Council Leading Party Members Group (page does not exist)">State Council Leading Party Members Group</a></li></ul></li> <li>State offices <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of the People's Republic of China">Premier</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_China" title="State Council of China">State Council of China</a></li> <li>Director, <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Mobilization_Commission" title="National Defense Mobilization Commission">National Defense Mobilization Commission</a></li> <li>Director, <a href="/wiki/National_Energy_Commission" title="National Energy Commission">National Energy Commission</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Li_Qiang_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Li_Qiang-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%B5%B5%E4%B9%90%E9%99%85_Zhao_Leji_20221023.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zhao Leji"><img alt="Zhao Leji" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%E8%B5%B5%E4%B9%90%E9%99%85_Zhao_Leji_20221023.jpg/90px-%E8%B5%B5%E4%B9%90%E9%99%85_Zhao_Leji_20221023.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%E8%B5%B5%E4%B9%90%E9%99%85_Zhao_Leji_20221023.jpg/135px-%E8%B5%B5%E4%B9%90%E9%99%85_Zhao_Leji_20221023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%E8%B5%B5%E4%B9%90%E9%99%85_Zhao_Leji_20221023.jpg/180px-%E8%B5%B5%E4%B9%90%E9%99%85_Zhao_Leji_20221023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="653" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">赵乐际</span> </td> <td bgcolor="Salmon"><abbr title="Member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">Old</abbr> </td> <td>1957 </td> <td>1975 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !"><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a></span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Graduate programme in <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">currency and banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">Undergraduate degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">Four</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Party offices <ul><li>Leader, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress_Party_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Party Group (page does not exist)">Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Party Group</a></li> <li>Deputy Chairman, <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Security Commission of the Chinese Communist Party">National Security Commission</a> of the Central Committee</li> <li>Deputy Head, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Comprehensively_Law-Based_Governance_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Comprehensively Law-Based Governance Commission (page does not exist)">Central Comprehensively Law-Based Governance Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li>State office <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Chairman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Zhao_Leji_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Zhao_Leji-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%8E%8B%E6%B2%AA%E5%AE%81_Wang_Huning_20221023.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wang Huning"><img alt="Wang Huning" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%E7%8E%8B%E6%B2%AA%E5%AE%81_Wang_Huning_20221023.jpg/90px-%E7%8E%8B%E6%B2%AA%E5%AE%81_Wang_Huning_20221023.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%E7%8E%8B%E6%B2%AA%E5%AE%81_Wang_Huning_20221023.jpg/135px-%E7%8E%8B%E6%B2%AA%E5%AE%81_Wang_Huning_20221023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%E7%8E%8B%E6%B2%AA%E5%AE%81_Wang_Huning_20221023.jpg/180px-%E7%8E%8B%E6%B2%AA%E5%AE%81_Wang_Huning_20221023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="517" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">王沪宁</span> </td> <td bgcolor="Salmon"><abbr title="Member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">Old</abbr> </td> <td>1955 </td> <td>1984 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !"><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a></span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">Master's degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">Marxist legal studies</a></li> <li>Graduate programme in <a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">international politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">Undergraduate degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">Eight</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Organisational office <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chairman</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Committee_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">National Committee</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference</a></li> <li>Chairman, <a href="/wiki/China_Council_for_the_Promotion_of_Peaceful_National_Reunification" title="China Council for the Promotion of Peaceful National Reunification">China Council for the Promotion of Peaceful National Reunification</a></li></ul></li> <li>Party office <ul><li>Leader, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference_Party_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Party Group (page does not exist)">Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Party Group</a></li> <li>Head, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Coordination_Group_for_Tibet_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Coordination Group for Tibet Affairs (page does not exist)">Central Coordination Group for Tibet Affairs</a></li> <li>Head, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Coordination_Group_for_Xinjiang_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Coordination Group for Xinjiang Affairs (page does not exist)">Central Coordination Group for Xinjiang Affairs</a></li> <li>Director, <a href="/wiki/Central_Comprehensively_Deepening_Reforms_Commission" title="Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission">Office of the Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission</a></li> <li>Deputy Director, <a href="/wiki/Central_Comprehensively_Deepening_Reforms_Commission" title="Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission">Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission</a></li> <li>Deputy Head, <a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Taiwan_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs">Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Wang_Huning_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Wang_Huning-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%94%A1%E5%A5%87_Cai_Qi_20221023.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cai Qi"><img alt="Cai Qi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%E8%94%A1%E5%A5%87_Cai_Qi_20221023.jpg/90px-%E8%94%A1%E5%A5%87_Cai_Qi_20221023.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%E8%94%A1%E5%A5%87_Cai_Qi_20221023.jpg/135px-%E8%94%A1%E5%A5%87_Cai_Qi_20221023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%E8%94%A1%E5%A5%87_Cai_Qi_20221023.jpg/180px-%E8%94%A1%E5%A5%87_Cai_Qi_20221023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="477" data-file-height="636" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">蔡奇</span> </td> <td bgcolor="LightGreen"><abbr title="Not a Member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">New</abbr> </td> <td>1955 </td> <td>1975 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !"><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a></span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">Doctoral degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy">political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-graduate" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-graduate">Post-graduate degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economic law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">Undergraduate degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political education</a></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">Fifteen</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Party offices <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">First-ranked secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">Secretariat</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee</a></li> <li>Director, <a href="/wiki/General_Office_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Office of the Chinese Communist Party">General Office</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee</a></li> <li>Director, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Office of the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">Office of the General Secretary of the Central Committee</a></li> <li>Head, <a href="/wiki/Central_Cyberspace_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission">Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission</a></li> <li>Chairman, <a href="/wiki/Central_Guidance_Commission_on_Building_Spiritual_Civilization" title="Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization">Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization</a></li> <li>Leader, <a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Propaganda,_Ideology_and_Culture" title="Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture">Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture</a> of the Central Committee</li> <li>Leader, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Leading_Group_for_Party_Building&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Leading Group for Party Building (page does not exist)">Central Leading Group for Party Building</a> of the Central Committee</li> <li>Director, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_Planning_and_Construction_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capital Planning and Construction Commission (page does not exist)">Capital Planning and Construction Commission</a></li> <li>Director, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Party_and_State_Merit_and_Honor_Commendation_Working_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Party and State Merit and Honor Commendation Working Committee (page does not exist)">Party and State Merit and Honor Commendation Working Committee</a></li> <li>Director, Central Leading Group for Studying and Implementing "Xi Jinping Thought" Theme Education</li> <li>Deputy Chairman, <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Security Commission of the Chinese Communist Party">National Security Commission</a> of the Central Committee</li> <li>Deputy Director, <a href="/wiki/Central_Comprehensively_Deepening_Reforms_Commission" title="Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission">Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission</a></li> <li>Deputy Director, <a href="/wiki/Central_Institutional_Organisation_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Institutional Organisation Commission">Central Institutional Organisation Commission</a></li> <li>Deputy Director, <a href="/wiki/Central_Cyberspace_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission">Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission</a></li> <li>Deputy Head, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Integrated_Military-Civilian_Development_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Integrated Military-Civilian Development Committee (page does not exist)">Central Integrated Military-Civilian Development Committee</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Cai_Qi_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Cai_Qi-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%81%E8%96%9B%E7%A5%A5_Ding_Xuexiang_20221023.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ding Xuexiang"><img alt="Ding Xuexiang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/%E4%B8%81%E8%96%9B%E7%A5%A5_Ding_Xuexiang_20221023.jpg/90px-%E4%B8%81%E8%96%9B%E7%A5%A5_Ding_Xuexiang_20221023.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/%E4%B8%81%E8%96%9B%E7%A5%A5_Ding_Xuexiang_20221023.jpg/135px-%E4%B8%81%E8%96%9B%E7%A5%A5_Ding_Xuexiang_20221023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/%E4%B8%81%E8%96%9B%E7%A5%A5_Ding_Xuexiang_20221023.jpg/180px-%E4%B8%81%E8%96%9B%E7%A5%A5_Ding_Xuexiang_20221023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="654" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ding_Xuexiang" title="Ding Xuexiang">Ding Xuexiang</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">丁薛祥</span> </td> <td bgcolor="LightGreen"><abbr title="Not a Member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">New</abbr> </td> <td>1962 </td> <td>1984 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !"><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a></span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">Master's degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Management_science" title="Management science">science and management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">Bachelor's degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">Thirteen</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Party offices <ul><li>Deputy Leader, <a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Council_Leading_Party_Members_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Council Leading Party Members Group (page does not exist)">State Council Leading Party Members Group</a></li> <li>Leader, <a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_on_Hong_Kong_and_Macau_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs">Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs</a></li> <li>Head, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Traffic_Control_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air Traffic Control Committee (page does not exist)">Air Traffic Control Committee</a></li> <li>Deputy Head, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Integrated_Military-Civilian_Development_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Integrated Military-Civilian Development Committee (page does not exist)">Central Integrated Military-Civilian Development Committee</a></li> <li>Director, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Integrated_Military-Civilian_Development_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Integrated Military-Civilian Development Committee (page does not exist)">Office of the Central Integrated Military-Civilian Development Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li>State offices <ul><li>First-Ranked <a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_the_State_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Premier of the State Council">Vice Premier of the State Council</a></li> <li>Head, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Food_Safety_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Food Safety Committee (page does not exist)">Food Safety Committee</a></li> <li>Head, <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Greening_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Greening Committee (page does not exist)">National Greening Committee</a></li> <li>Head, <a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Belt_and_Road_Initiative_Construction" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Leading Group for Belt and Road Initiative Construction">Central Leading Group for Belt and Road Initiative Construction</a></li> <li>Head, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Leading_Group_for_the_Development_of_the_Guangdong-Hong_Kong-Macao_Greater_Bay_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Leading Group for the Development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (page does not exist)">Central Leading Group for the Development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area</a></li> <li>Head, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Leading_Group_for_the_3rd_Geography_Conditions_Survey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Leading Group for the 3rd Geography Conditions Survey (page does not exist)">Central Leading Group for the 3rd Geography Conditions Survey</a></li> <li>Head, Coordination Group for Promoting Transformation of Government Functions and "Delegation, Regulation, Service" Reform</li> <li>Deputy Director, <a href="/wiki/National_Energy_Commission" title="National Energy Commission">National Energy Commission</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Ding_Xuexiang_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Ding_Xuexiang-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%9D%8E%E5%B8%8C_Li_Xi_20221023.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Li Xi"><img alt="Li Xi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%E6%9D%8E%E5%B8%8C_Li_Xi_20221023.jpg/90px-%E6%9D%8E%E5%B8%8C_Li_Xi_20221023.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%E6%9D%8E%E5%B8%8C_Li_Xi_20221023.jpg/135px-%E6%9D%8E%E5%B8%8C_Li_Xi_20221023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%E6%9D%8E%E5%B8%8C_Li_Xi_20221023.jpg/180px-%E6%9D%8E%E5%B8%8C_Li_Xi_20221023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Li_Xi_(politician)" title="Li Xi (politician)">Li Xi</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">李希</span> </td> <td bgcolor="LightGreen"><abbr title="Not a Member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">New</abbr> </td> <td>1956 </td> <td>1982 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !"><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a></span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">Master's degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">economics and management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduate degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">Four</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Party offices <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Standing Committee</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Central Commission for Discipline Inspection</a></li> <li>Director, <a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Inspection_Work" title="Central Leading Group for Inspection Work">Central Leading Group for Inspection Work</a></li> <li>Director, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Leading_Group_for_Deepening_the_Pilot_Work_on_Reform_of_the_National_Supervision_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Leading Group for Deepening the Pilot Work on Reform of the National Supervision System (page does not exist)">Central Leading Group for Deepening the Pilot Work on Reform of the National Supervision System</a></li> <li>Deputy Head, <a href="/wiki/Central_Auditing_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Auditing Commission of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Auditing Committee</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Li_Xi_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Li_Xi-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politburo">Politburo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_under_Xi_Jinping&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Politburo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">These tables are an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party#Composition" title="20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party § Composition</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Members of the Political Bureau of the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party<br /><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="3">Officeholder </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/19th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">19th</a> </th> <th scope="col"><abbr title="The year of birth of the person in question.">Birth</abbr> </th> <th scope="col"><abbr title="Party membership—when the person in question joined the party.">PM</abbr> </th> <th scope="col"><abbr title="Birthplace—in which large city or province the person in question was born in.">Birthplace</abbr> </th> <th scope="col"><abbr title="Educational attainment.">Education</abbr> </th> <th scope="col"><abbr title="All offices held during the 11th term of the Politburo.">Offices held</abbr> </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="References.">Ref.</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%94%A1%E5%A5%87_Cai_Qi_20221023.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cai Qi"><img alt="Cai Qi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%E8%94%A1%E5%A5%87_Cai_Qi_20221023.jpg/90px-%E8%94%A1%E5%A5%87_Cai_Qi_20221023.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%E8%94%A1%E5%A5%87_Cai_Qi_20221023.jpg/135px-%E8%94%A1%E5%A5%87_Cai_Qi_20221023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%E8%94%A1%E5%A5%87_Cai_Qi_20221023.jpg/180px-%E8%94%A1%E5%A5%87_Cai_Qi_20221023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="477" data-file-height="636" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">蔡奇</span> </td> <td bgcolor="Salmon"><abbr title="Member of the Politburo of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">Old</abbr> </td> <td>1955 </td> <td>1975 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">Three</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Party offices <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="First Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">First Secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">Secretariat</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee</a></li> <li>Director, <a href="/wiki/General_Office_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Office of the Chinese Communist Party">General Office</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee</a></li> <li>Director, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Office of the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">Office of the General Secretary of the Central Committee</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Cai_Qi_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Cai_Qi-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chen_Jining_2019.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Chen_Jining_2019.png/90px-Chen_Jining_2019.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Chen_Jining_2019.png/135px-Chen_Jining_2019.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Chen_Jining_2019.png/180px-Chen_Jining_2019.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chen_Jining" title="Chen Jining">Chen Jining</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">陈吉宁</span> </td> <td bgcolor="LightGreen"><abbr title="Not a Member of the Politburo of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">New</abbr> </td> <td>1964 </td> <td>1984 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">One</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Party office <ul><li>Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Municipal_Party_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai Municipal Party Committee">Shanghai Municipal Party Committee</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chen_Miner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Chen_Miner.jpg/90px-Chen_Miner.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Chen_Miner.jpg/135px-Chen_Miner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Chen_Miner.jpg/180px-Chen_Miner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="471" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chen_Min%27er" title="Chen Min'er">Chen Min'er</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">陈敏尔</span> </td> <td bgcolor="Salmon"><abbr title="Member of the Politburo of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">Old</abbr> </td> <td>1960 </td> <td>1982 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">One</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Party office <ul><li>Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Tianjin_Municipal_Party_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianjin Municipal Party Committee">Tianjin Municipal Party Committee</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chen_Wenqing_(2024).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Chen_Wenqing_%282024%29.jpg/90px-Chen_Wenqing_%282024%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Chen_Wenqing_%282024%29.jpg/135px-Chen_Wenqing_%282024%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Chen_Wenqing_%282024%29.jpg/180px-Chen_Wenqing_%282024%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1332" data-file-height="1859" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chen_Wenqing" title="Chen Wenqing">Chen Wenqing</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">陈文清</span> </td> <td bgcolor="LightGreen"><abbr title="Not a Member of the Politburo of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">New</abbr> </td> <td>1960 </td> <td>1983 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">One</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Party office <ul><li>Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Central_Political_and_Legal_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission">Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%81%E8%96%9B%E7%A5%A5_Ding_Xuexiang_20221023.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ding Xuexiang"><img alt="Ding Xuexiang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/%E4%B8%81%E8%96%9B%E7%A5%A5_Ding_Xuexiang_20221023.jpg/90px-%E4%B8%81%E8%96%9B%E7%A5%A5_Ding_Xuexiang_20221023.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/%E4%B8%81%E8%96%9B%E7%A5%A5_Ding_Xuexiang_20221023.jpg/135px-%E4%B8%81%E8%96%9B%E7%A5%A5_Ding_Xuexiang_20221023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/%E4%B8%81%E8%96%9B%E7%A5%A5_Ding_Xuexiang_20221023.jpg/180px-%E4%B8%81%E8%96%9B%E7%A5%A5_Ding_Xuexiang_20221023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="654" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ding_Xuexiang" title="Ding Xuexiang">Ding Xuexiang</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">丁薛祥</span> </td> <td bgcolor="Salmon"><abbr title="Member of the Politburo of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">Old</abbr> </td> <td>1962 </td> <td>1984 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">One</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>State office <ul><li>First-Ranked Vice <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_State_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of the State Council">Premier of the State Council</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Ding_Xuexiang_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Ding_Xuexiang-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:He_Lifeng_2023_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/He_Lifeng_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-He_Lifeng_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/He_Lifeng_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg/135px-He_Lifeng_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/He_Lifeng_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-He_Lifeng_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="313" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/He_Lifeng" title="He Lifeng">He Lifeng</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">何立峰</span> </td> <td bgcolor="LightGreen"><abbr title="Not a Member of the Politburo of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">New</abbr> </td> <td>1955 </td> <td>1981 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">Two</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Party office <ul><li>Director, <a href="/wiki/Central_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission">Office of the Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li>State office <ul><li>Second-Ranked <a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_the_State_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Premier of the State Council">Vice Premier of the State Council</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Profile_placeholder.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Profile_placeholder.png/90px-Profile_placeholder.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Profile_placeholder.png/135px-Profile_placeholder.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Profile_placeholder.png/180px-Profile_placeholder.png 2x" data-file-width="242" data-file-height="242" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/He_Weidong" title="He Weidong">He Weidong</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">何卫东</span> </td> <td bgcolor="LightGreen"><abbr title="Not a Member of the Politburo of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">New</abbr> </td> <td>1957 </td> <td>1978 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduate</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">Two</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Party office <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission">Second Vice Chairman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li>State office <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission">Second Vice Chairman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Huang_Kunming.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Huang_Kunming.jpg/90px-Huang_Kunming.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Huang_Kunming.jpg/135px-Huang_Kunming.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Huang_Kunming.jpg/180px-Huang_Kunming.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="1676" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Huang_Kunming" title="Huang Kunming">Huang Kunming</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">黄坤明</span> </td> <td bgcolor="Salmon"><abbr title="Member of the Politburo of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">Old</abbr> </td> <td>1956 </td> <td>1976 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">One</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Party office <ul><li>Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Provincial_Party_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong Provincial Party Committee">Guangdong Provincial Party Committee</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Li_Ganjie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Li_Ganjie.jpg/90px-Li_Ganjie.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Li_Ganjie.jpg/135px-Li_Ganjie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Li_Ganjie.jpg/180px-Li_Ganjie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="454" data-file-height="525" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Li_Ganjie" title="Li Ganjie">Li Ganjie</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">李干杰</span> </td> <td bgcolor="LightGreen"><abbr title="Not a Member of the Politburo of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">New</abbr> </td> <td>1964 </td> <td>1984 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">One</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Party office <ul><li>Head, <a href="/wiki/Organization_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Organization Department</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Li_Hongzhong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Li_Hongzhong.jpg/90px-Li_Hongzhong.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Li_Hongzhong.jpg/135px-Li_Hongzhong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Li_Hongzhong.jpg/180px-Li_Hongzhong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="461" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Li_Hongzhong" title="Li Hongzhong">Li Hongzhong</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">李鸿忠</span> </td> <td bgcolor="Salmon"><abbr title="Member of the Politburo of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">Old</abbr> </td> <td>1956 </td> <td>1976 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">One</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>State office <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">First Vice Chairman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%9D%8E%E5%BC%BA_Li_Qiang_20221023.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Li Qiang"><img alt="Li Qiang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%E6%9D%8E%E5%BC%BA_Li_Qiang_20221023.jpg/90px-%E6%9D%8E%E5%BC%BA_Li_Qiang_20221023.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%E6%9D%8E%E5%BC%BA_Li_Qiang_20221023.jpg/135px-%E6%9D%8E%E5%BC%BA_Li_Qiang_20221023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%E6%9D%8E%E5%BC%BA_Li_Qiang_20221023.jpg/180px-%E6%9D%8E%E5%BC%BA_Li_Qiang_20221023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="658" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">李强</span> </td> <td bgcolor="Salmon"><abbr title="Member of the Politburo of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">Old</abbr> </td> <td>1959 </td> <td>1983 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">Eight</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Party offices <ul><li>Director, <a href="/wiki/Central_Institutional_Organisation_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Institutional Organisation Commission">Central Institutional Organisation Commission</a></li> <li>Deputy Director, <a href="/wiki/Central_Comprehensively_Deepening_Reforms_Commission" title="Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission">Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission</a></li> <li>Deputy Director, <a href="/wiki/Central_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission">Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission</a></li> <li>Deputy Director, <a href="/wiki/Central_Cyberspace_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission">Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission</a></li> <li>Deputy Director, <a href="/wiki/Central_Foreign_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Foreign Affairs Commission">Central Foreign Affairs Commission</a></li> <li>Leader, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Leading_Group_for_Climate_Change_and_Emissions_Reduction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Leading Group for Climate Change and Emissions Reduction (page does not exist)">Central Leading Group for Climate Change and Emissions Reduction</a></li> <li>Leader, <a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Council_Leading_Party_Members_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Council Leading Party Members Group (page does not exist)">State Council Leading Party Members Group</a></li></ul></li> <li>State offices <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of the People's Republic of China">Premier</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council of the People's Republic of China</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Li_Qiang_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Li_Qiang-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Profile_placeholder.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Profile_placeholder.png/90px-Profile_placeholder.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Profile_placeholder.png/135px-Profile_placeholder.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Profile_placeholder.png/180px-Profile_placeholder.png 2x" data-file-width="242" data-file-height="242" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Li_Shulei" title="Li Shulei">Li Shulei</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">李书磊</span> </td> <td bgcolor="LightGreen"><abbr title="Not a Member of the Politburo of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">New</abbr> </td> <td>1964 </td> <td>1986 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">One</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Party office <ul><li>Head, <a href="/wiki/Publicity_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Publicity Department</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%9D%8E%E5%B8%8C_Li_Xi_20221023.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Li Xi"><img alt="Li Xi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%E6%9D%8E%E5%B8%8C_Li_Xi_20221023.jpg/90px-%E6%9D%8E%E5%B8%8C_Li_Xi_20221023.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%E6%9D%8E%E5%B8%8C_Li_Xi_20221023.jpg/135px-%E6%9D%8E%E5%B8%8C_Li_Xi_20221023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%E6%9D%8E%E5%B8%8C_Li_Xi_20221023.jpg/180px-%E6%9D%8E%E5%B8%8C_Li_Xi_20221023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Li_Xi_(politician)" title="Li Xi (politician)">Li Xi</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">李希</span> </td> <td bgcolor="Salmon"><abbr title="Member of the Politburo of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">Old</abbr> </td> <td>1956 </td> <td>1982 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">Two</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Party office <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Standing Committee</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Central Commission for Discipline Inspection</a></li> <li>Director, <a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Inspection_Work" title="Central Leading Group for Inspection Work">Central Leading Group for Inspection Work</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Li_Xi_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Li_Xi-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_Vice_Premier_Liu_Guozhong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Chinese_Vice_Premier_Liu_Guozhong.jpg/90px-Chinese_Vice_Premier_Liu_Guozhong.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Chinese_Vice_Premier_Liu_Guozhong.jpg/135px-Chinese_Vice_Premier_Liu_Guozhong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Chinese_Vice_Premier_Liu_Guozhong.jpg/180px-Chinese_Vice_Premier_Liu_Guozhong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="453" data-file-height="608" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Guozhong" title="Liu Guozhong">Liu Guozhong</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">刘国中</span> </td> <td bgcolor="LightGreen"><abbr title="Not a Member of the Politburo of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">New</abbr> </td> <td>1962 </td> <td>1986 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">One</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>State office <ul><li>Fourth-Ranked <a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_the_State_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Premier of the State Council">Vice Premier of the State Council</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ma_Xingrui_at_the_20th_Conference_on_Remote_Sensing_in_China_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Ma_Xingrui_at_the_20th_Conference_on_Remote_Sensing_in_China_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Ma_Xingrui_at_the_20th_Conference_on_Remote_Sensing_in_China_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Ma_Xingrui_at_the_20th_Conference_on_Remote_Sensing_in_China_%28cropped%29.jpg/135px-Ma_Xingrui_at_the_20th_Conference_on_Remote_Sensing_in_China_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Ma_Xingrui_at_the_20th_Conference_on_Remote_Sensing_in_China_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Ma_Xingrui_at_the_20th_Conference_on_Remote_Sensing_in_China_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1368" data-file-height="1860" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xingrui" title="Ma Xingrui">Ma Xingrui</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">马兴瑞</span> </td> <td bgcolor="LightGreen"><abbr title="Not a Member of the Politburo of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">New</abbr> </td> <td>1959 </td> <td>1988 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">One</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Party office <ul><li>Secretary, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinjiang_Provincial_Party_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinjiang Provincial Party Committee (page does not exist)">Xinjiang Provincial Party Committee</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Profile_placeholder.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Profile_placeholder.png/90px-Profile_placeholder.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Profile_placeholder.png/135px-Profile_placeholder.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Profile_placeholder.png/180px-Profile_placeholder.png 2x" data-file-width="242" data-file-height="242" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Shi_Taifeng" title="Shi Taifeng">Shi Taifeng</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">石泰峰</span> </td> <td bgcolor="LightGreen"><abbr title="Not a Member of the Politburo of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">New</abbr> </td> <td>1956 </td> <td>1982 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">Two</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Party office <ul><li>Head, <a href="/wiki/United_Front_Work_Department" title="United Front Work Department">United Front Work Department</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li>Organisational office <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Vice Chairman</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Committee_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">National Committee</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%8E%8B%E6%B2%AA%E5%AE%81_Wang_Huning_20221023.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wang Huning"><img alt="Wang Huning" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%E7%8E%8B%E6%B2%AA%E5%AE%81_Wang_Huning_20221023.jpg/90px-%E7%8E%8B%E6%B2%AA%E5%AE%81_Wang_Huning_20221023.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%E7%8E%8B%E6%B2%AA%E5%AE%81_Wang_Huning_20221023.jpg/135px-%E7%8E%8B%E6%B2%AA%E5%AE%81_Wang_Huning_20221023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%E7%8E%8B%E6%B2%AA%E5%AE%81_Wang_Huning_20221023.jpg/180px-%E7%8E%8B%E6%B2%AA%E5%AE%81_Wang_Huning_20221023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="517" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">王沪宁</span> </td> <td bgcolor="Salmon"><abbr title="Member of the Politburo of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">Old</abbr> </td> <td>1955 </td> <td>1984 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">One</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Organisational office <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chairman</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Committee_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">National Committee</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Wang_Huning_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Wang_Huning-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_Foreign_Minister_Wang_Yi_in_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Chinese_Foreign_Minister_Wang_Yi_in_2023.jpg/90px-Chinese_Foreign_Minister_Wang_Yi_in_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Chinese_Foreign_Minister_Wang_Yi_in_2023.jpg/135px-Chinese_Foreign_Minister_Wang_Yi_in_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Chinese_Foreign_Minister_Wang_Yi_in_2023.jpg/180px-Chinese_Foreign_Minister_Wang_Yi_in_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1971" data-file-height="2464" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yi_(politician)" title="Wang Yi (politician)">Wang Yi</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">王毅</span> </td> <td bgcolor="LightGreen"><abbr title="Not a Member of the Politburo of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">New</abbr> </td> <td>1953 </td> <td>1981 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">Two</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Party office <ul><li>Director, <a href="/wiki/Central_Foreign_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Foreign Affairs Commission">Office of the Central Foreign Affairs Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li>State office <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3_Xi_Jinping_20221023_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Xi Jinping"><img alt="Xi Jinping" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3_Xi_Jinping_20221023_02.jpg/90px-%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3_Xi_Jinping_20221023_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3_Xi_Jinping_20221023_02.jpg/135px-%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3_Xi_Jinping_20221023_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3_Xi_Jinping_20221023_02.jpg/180px-%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3_Xi_Jinping_20221023_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="729" data-file-height="971" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">习近平</span> </td> <td bgcolor="Salmon"><abbr title="Member of the Politburo of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">Old</abbr> </td> <td>1953 </td> <td>1974 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">Eleven</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Party offices <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee</a></li> <li>Chairman, <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Security Commission of the Chinese Communist Party">National Security Commission</a> of the Central Committee</li> <li>Chairman, <a href="/wiki/Central_Comprehensively_Deepening_Reforms_Commission" title="Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission">Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission</a> of the Central Committee</li> <li>Head, <a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Taiwan_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs">Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs</a> of the Central Committee</li> <li>Head, <a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Financial_and_Economic_Work" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Work">Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Work</a> of the Central Committee</li> <li>Head, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Leading_Group_for_Network_Security_and_Information_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Leading Group for Network Security and Information Technology (page does not exist)">Central Leading Group for Network Security and Information Technology</a> of the Central Committee</li></ul></li> <li>Military offices <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">Commander-in-chief</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_Joint_Operations_Command_Center" title="Central Military Commission Joint Operations Command Center">Joint Operations Command Center</a> of the Central Military Commission of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a></li> <li>Head, <a href="/wiki/Leading_Group_for_National_Defence_and_Military_Reform_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading Group for National Defence and Military Reform of the Central Military Commission">Leading Group for National Defence and Military Reform</a> of the Central Military Commission</li> <li>Head, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Integrated_Military-Civilian_Development_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Integrated Military-Civilian Development Committee (page does not exist)">Office of the Central Integrated Military-Civilian Development Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li>State offices <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the People's Republic of China">President of the People's Republic of China</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Xi_Jinping_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Xi_Jinping-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%B0%B9%E5%8A%9B_Yin_Li_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%E5%B0%B9%E5%8A%9B_Yin_Li_2019.jpg/90px-%E5%B0%B9%E5%8A%9B_Yin_Li_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%E5%B0%B9%E5%8A%9B_Yin_Li_2019.jpg/135px-%E5%B0%B9%E5%8A%9B_Yin_Li_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%E5%B0%B9%E5%8A%9B_Yin_Li_2019.jpg/180px-%E5%B0%B9%E5%8A%9B_Yin_Li_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="691" data-file-height="922" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yin_Li_(politician)" title="Yin Li (politician)">Yin Li</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">尹力</span> </td> <td bgcolor="LightGreen"><abbr title="Not a Member of the Politburo of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">New</abbr> </td> <td>1962 </td> <td>1980 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">One</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Party office <ul><li>Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Beijing_City_Party_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing City Party Committee">Beijing City Party Committee</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yuan_Jiajun.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Yuan_Jiajun.png/90px-Yuan_Jiajun.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Yuan_Jiajun.png/135px-Yuan_Jiajun.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Yuan_Jiajun.png/180px-Yuan_Jiajun.png 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="518" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Jiajun" title="Yuan Jiajun">Yuan Jiajun</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">袁家军</span> </td> <td bgcolor="LightGreen"><abbr title="Not a Member of the Politburo of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">New</abbr> </td> <td>1962 </td> <td>1992 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">One</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Party office <ul><li>Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Chongqing_Municipal_Party_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Chongqing Municipal Party Committee">Chongqing Municipal Party Committee</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhang_Guoqing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Zhang_Guoqing.jpg/90px-Zhang_Guoqing.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Zhang_Guoqing.jpg/135px-Zhang_Guoqing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Zhang_Guoqing.jpg/180px-Zhang_Guoqing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="348" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Guoqing" title="Zhang Guoqing">Zhang Guoqing</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">张国清</span> </td> <td bgcolor="LightGreen"><abbr title="Not a Member of the Politburo of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">New</abbr> </td> <td>1964 </td> <td>1984 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">One</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>State office <ul><li>Third-Ranked <a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_the_State_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Premier of the State Council">Vice Premier of the State Council</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhang_Youxia_(2017-12-07)_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Zhang_Youxia_%282017-12-07%29_3.jpg/90px-Zhang_Youxia_%282017-12-07%29_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Zhang_Youxia_%282017-12-07%29_3.jpg/135px-Zhang_Youxia_%282017-12-07%29_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Zhang_Youxia_%282017-12-07%29_3.jpg/180px-Zhang_Youxia_%282017-12-07%29_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="865" data-file-height="1160" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Youxia" title="Zhang Youxia">Zhang Youxia</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">张又侠</span> </td> <td bgcolor="Salmon"><abbr title="Member of the Politburo of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">Old</abbr> </td> <td>1950 </td> <td>1969 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">Two</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>Party office <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission">First Vice Chairman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li>State office <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission">First Vice Chairman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%B5%B5%E4%B9%90%E9%99%85_Zhao_Leji_20221023.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zhao Leji"><img alt="Zhao Leji" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%E8%B5%B5%E4%B9%90%E9%99%85_Zhao_Leji_20221023.jpg/90px-%E8%B5%B5%E4%B9%90%E9%99%85_Zhao_Leji_20221023.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%E8%B5%B5%E4%B9%90%E9%99%85_Zhao_Leji_20221023.jpg/135px-%E8%B5%B5%E4%B9%90%E9%99%85_Zhao_Leji_20221023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%E8%B5%B5%E4%B9%90%E9%99%85_Zhao_Leji_20221023.jpg/180px-%E8%B5%B5%E4%B9%90%E9%99%85_Zhao_Leji_20221023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="653" /></a></span> </td> <th align="center" scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a> </th> <td><span lang="lzh" style="display:inline-block; font-size: 1em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; layout-flow: vertical-ideographic; letter-spacing:20%;vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 120%;">赵乐际</span> </td> <td bgcolor="Salmon"><abbr title="Member of the Politburo of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.">Old</abbr> </td> <td>1957 </td> <td>1975 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">Graduate</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><span data-sort-value="a6 !">One</span></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"> <ul><li>State office <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Chairman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Zhao_Leji_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Zhao_Leji-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_under_Xi_Jinping&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEconomy2018" class="citation book cs1">Economy, Elizabeth (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3hBQDwAAQBAJ"><i>The Third Revolution: Xi Jinping and the New Chinese State</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-086607-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-086607-5"><bdi>978-0-19-086607-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230807144050/https://books.google.com/books?id=3hBQDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-08-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Third+Revolution%3A+Xi+Jinping+and+the+New+Chinese+State&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-19-086607-5&rft.aulast=Economy&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3hBQDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+under+Xi+Jinping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossBekkevold2016" class="citation book cs1">Ross, Robert S.; Bekkevold, Jo Inge (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZBQsDAAAQBAJ"><i>China in the Era of Xi Jinping: Domestic and Foreign Policy Challenges</i></a>. Georgetown University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62616-298-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62616-298-3"><bdi>978-1-62616-298-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230807144044/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZBQsDAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-08-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+in+the+Era+of+Xi+Jinping%3A+Domestic+and+Foreign+Policy+Challenges&rft.pub=Georgetown+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-62616-298-3&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Robert+S.&rft.au=Bekkevold%2C+Jo+Inge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZBQsDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+under+Xi+Jinping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhang_张2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zhang 张, Wei 炜 (31 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/china/2016/10/161031_cr_cpc_sixth_plenary_session"><bdi lang="zh">点评中国：六中“核心论”意味着什么</bdi></a>. <i>BBC News Chinese</i> (in Simplified Chinese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190726151632/https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/china/2016/10/161031_cr_cpc_sixth_plenary_session">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-07-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-07-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Chinese&rft.atitle=%E7%82%B9%E8%AF%84%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%9A%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%AD%E2%80%9C%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83%E8%AE%BA%E2%80%9D%E6%84%8F%E5%91%B3%E7%9D%80%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88&rft.date=2016-10-31&rft.aulast=Zhang+%E5%BC%A0&rft.aufirst=Wei+%E7%82%9C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fzhongwen%2Fsimp%2Fchina%2F2016%2F10%2F161031_cr_cpc_sixth_plenary_session&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+under+Xi+Jinping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Tsang&Cheung4-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Tsang&Cheung4_4-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsangCheung2024" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Chang" title="Steve Chang">Tsang, Steve</a>; Cheung, Olivia (2024). <i>The Political Thought of Xi Jinping</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780197689363" title="Special:BookSources/9780197689363"><bdi>9780197689363</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Thought+of+Xi+Jinping&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9780197689363&rft.aulast=Tsang&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.au=Cheung%2C+Olivia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+under+Xi+Jinping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiekeHofman2022" class="citation book cs1">Pieke, Frank N; Hofman, Bert, eds. (2022). <i>CPC Futures The New Era of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics</i>. Singapore: <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Singapore_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="National University of Singapore Press">National University of Singapore Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.56159%2Feai.52060">10.56159/eai.52060</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-18-5206-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-18-5206-0"><bdi>978-981-18-5206-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1354535847">1354535847</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CPC+Futures+The+New+Era+of+Socialism+with+Chinese+Characteristics&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=National+University+of+Singapore+Press&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1354535847&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.56159%2Feai.52060&rft.isbn=978-981-18-5206-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+under+Xi+Jinping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2022" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Dawn C. (2022). <i>China's Rise in the Global South: the Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's Alternative World Order</i>. Stanford, California: <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5036-3060-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5036-3060-4"><bdi>978-1-5036-3060-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1249712936">1249712936</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%27s+Rise+in+the+Global+South%3A+the+Middle+East%2C+Africa%2C+and+Beijing%27s+Alternative+World+Order&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1249712936&rft.isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Dawn+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+under+Xi+Jinping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:22_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarquisQiao2022" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Marquis" title="Christopher Marquis">Marquis, Christopher</a>; Qiao, Kunyuan (2022-11-15). <i>Mao and Markets: The Communist Roots of Chinese Enterprise</i>. <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv3006z6k">10.2307/j.ctv3006z6k</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-26883-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-26883-6"><bdi>978-0-300-26883-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv3006z6k">j.ctv3006z6k</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:253067190">253067190</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mao+and+Markets%3A+The+Communist+Roots+of+Chinese+Enterprise&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2022-11-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctv3006z6k&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A253067190%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctv3006z6k%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-0-300-26883-6&rft.aulast=Marquis&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.au=Qiao%2C+Kunyuan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+under+Xi+Jinping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:33-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:33_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:33_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:33_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiu2023" class="citation book cs1">Liu, Zongyuan Zoe (2023). <i>Sovereign Funds: How the Communist Party of China Finances its Global Ambitions</i>. The Belknap Press of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fjj.2915805">10.2307/jj.2915805</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674271913" title="Special:BookSources/9780674271913"><bdi>9780674271913</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/jj.2915805">jj.2915805</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:259402050">259402050</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sovereign+Funds%3A+How+the+Communist+Party+of+China+Finances+its+Global+Ambitions&rft.pub=The+Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fjj.2915805&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A259402050%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fjj.2915805%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=9780674271913&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Zongyuan+Zoe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+under+Xi+Jinping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:102-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:102_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:102_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:102_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:102_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kerry_Brown_(historian)" title="Kerry Brown (historian)">Brown, Kerry</a> (2023). <i>China Incorporated: The Politics of a World Where China is Number One</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomsbury Academic">Bloomsbury Academic</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-350-26724-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-350-26724-4"><bdi>978-1-350-26724-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+Incorporated%3A+The+Politics+of+a+World+Where+China+is+Number+One&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-350-26724-4&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Kerry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+under+Xi+Jinping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0242-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0242_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0242_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJin2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Keyu_Jin" title="Keyu Jin">Jin, Keyu</a> (2023). <i>The New China Playbook: Beyond Socialism and Capitalism</i>. New York: Viking. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9848-7828-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9848-7828-1"><bdi>978-1-9848-7828-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+China+Playbook%3A+Beyond+Socialism+and+Capitalism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-9848-7828-1&rft.aulast=Jin&rft.aufirst=Keyu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+under+Xi+Jinping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Zhang-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:Zhang_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhang2024" class="citation book cs1">Zhang, Angela Huyue (2024). <i>High Wire: How China Regulates Big Tech and Governs Its Economy</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780197682258" title="Special:BookSources/9780197682258"><bdi>9780197682258</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=High+Wire%3A+How+China+Regulates+Big+Tech+and+Governs+Its+Economy&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9780197682258&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Angela+Huyue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+under+Xi+Jinping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhao2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Suisheng_Zhao" title="Suisheng Zhao">Zhao, Suisheng</a> (2023). <i>The Dragon Roars Back: Transformational Leaders and Dynamics of Chinese Foreign Policy</i>. Stanford, California: <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9781503634152">10.1515/9781503634152</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5036-3088-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5036-3088-8"><bdi>978-1-5036-3088-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1331741429">1331741429</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dragon+Roars+Back%3A+Transformational+Leaders+and+Dynamics+of+Chinese+Foreign+Policy&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1331741429&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9781503634152&rft.isbn=978-1-5036-3088-8&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=Suisheng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+under+Xi+Jinping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShinnEisenman2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_H._Shinn" title="David H. Shinn">Shinn, David H.</a>; Eisenman, Joshua (2023). <i>China's Relations with Africa: a New Era of Strategic Engagement</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7312%2Fshin21000">10.7312/shin21000</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-21001-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-21001-0"><bdi>978-0-231-21001-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/shin21000">10.7312/shin21000</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%27s+Relations+with+Africa%3A+a+New+Era+of+Strategic+Engagement&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.7312%2Fshin21000%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7312%2Fshin21000&rft.isbn=978-0-231-21001-0&rft.aulast=Shinn&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rft.au=Eisenman%2C+Joshua&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+under+Xi+Jinping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShan2024" class="citation book cs1">Shan, Patrick Fuliang (2024). "What Did the CCP Learn from the Past?". 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uschina.org/resources/chinese-government-leadership">the original</a> on 27 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chinese+Government+Leadership&rft.pub=US-China+Business+Council&rft.date=2013-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uschina.org%2Fresources%2Fchinese-government-leadership&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+under+Xi+Jinping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Xi_Jinping-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Xi_Jinping_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi,_Cheng" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Li" title="Cheng Li">Li, Cheng</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230524092434/https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/china_20180318_xi_jinping_profile.pdf">"Xi Jinping 习近平"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/china_20180318_xi_jinping_profile.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Xi+Jinping+%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution&rft.au=Li%2C+Cheng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F03%2Fchina_20180318_xi_jinping_profile.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+under+Xi+Jinping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Li_Qiang-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Li_Qiang_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi,_Cheng" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Li" title="Cheng Li">Li, Cheng</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230711002707/https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/20thpartycongress_li_qiang.pdf">"Li Qiang 李强"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/20thpartycongress_li_qiang.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/china_20171013_19thpartycongress_zhao_leji.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/20thpartycongress_cai_qi.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 31 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/china_20180318_xi_jinping_profile.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chinavitae.com/biography/Yin_Li/full">the original</a> on 22 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=China+Daily&rft.atitle=Brief+introductions+of+members+of+CPC+central+leading+bodies&rft.date=2022-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fa%2F202210%2F24%2FWS635569c9a310fd2b29e7e107_23.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+under+Xi+Jinping" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230722085257/https://www.chinavitae.com/biography/Yuan_Jiajun">"Yuan Jiajun 袁家军"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Vitae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="China Vitae (page does not exist)">China Vitae</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chinavitae.com/biography/Yuan_Jiajun">the original</a> on 22 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yuan+Jiajun+%E8%A2%81%E5%AE%B6%E5%86%9B&rft.pub=China+Vitae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinavitae.com%2Fbiography%2FYuan_Jiajun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+under+Xi+Jinping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230722084051/https://english.www.gov.cn/Homepage/202303/13/content_WS641d0816c6d0f528699dc0aa.html">"Zhang Guoqing -- Vice premier"</a>. <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council of the People's Republic of China</a>. 13 March 2023. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chinavitae.com/biography/4367">the original</a> on 22 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zhang+Guoqing+%E5%BC%A0%E5%9B%BD%E6%B8%85&rft.pub=China+Vitae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinavitae.com%2Fbiography%2F4367&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+under+Xi+Jinping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi,_Cheng" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Li" title="Cheng Li">Li, Cheng</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221023094747/https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/china_20171025_19thpartycongress_zhang_youxia.pdf">"Zhang Youxia 张又侠"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/china_20171025_19thpartycongress_zhang_youxia.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zhang+Youxia+%E5%BC%A0%E5%8F%88%E4%BE%A0&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution&rft.au=Li%2C+Cheng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F10%2Fchina_20171025_19thpartycongress_zhang_youxia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+under+Xi+Jinping" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi_Jiayao2023" class="citation web cs1">Li Jiayao (11 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230722083803/http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/CMC/Leaders/16208695.html">"Zhang Youxia -- Vice Chairman of the CPC Central Military Commission"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Military&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="China Military (page does not exist)">China Military</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/CMC/Leaders/16208695.html">the original</a> on 22 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zhang+Youxia+--+Vice+Chairman+of+the+CPC+Central+Military+Commission&rft.pub=China+Military&rft.date=2023-03-11&rft.au=Li+Jiayao&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feng.chinamil.com.cn%2FCMC%2FLeaders%2F16208695.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+under+Xi+Jinping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Zhao_Leji-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Zhao_Leji_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi,_Cheng" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Li" title="Cheng Li">Li, Cheng</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221225045749/https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/china_20171013_19thpartycongress_zhao_leji.pdf">"Zhao Leji 赵乐际"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/china_20171013_19thpartycongress_zhao_leji.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zhao+Leji+%E8%B5%B5%E4%B9%90%E9%99%85&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution&rft.au=Li%2C+Cheng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F10%2Fchina_20171013_19thpartycongress_zhao_leji.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+under+Xi+Jinping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/President_of_China" title="President of China">President of China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairman of the Central Military Commission</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies<br />and theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">China under Xi Jinping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_leader" title="Paramount leader">paramount leader</a> (2012–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_core" title="Leadership core">leadership core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Qiang Government">Li Qiang Government</a> (2023–present)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping%E2%80%93Li_Keqiang_Administration" title="Xi Jinping–Li Keqiang Administration">Xi Jinping–Li Keqiang Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Keqiang Government">Li Keqiang Government</a> (2013–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought" title="Xi Jinping Thought">Xi Jinping Thought</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought_on_Culture" title="Xi Jinping Thought on Culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought_on_Diplomacy" title="Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought_on_Ecological_Civilization" title="Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization">Ecological Civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought_on_Economy" title="Xi Jinping Thought on Economy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought_on_the_Rule_of_Law" title="Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law">Rule of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought_on_Strengthening_the_Military" title="Xi Jinping Thought on Strengthening the Military">Strengthening the Military</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_waters_and_green_mountains" title="Clear waters and green mountains">Clear waters and green mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Dream" title="Chinese Dream">Chinese Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese-style_modernization" title="Chinese-style modernization">Chinese-style modernization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_prosperity" title="Common prosperity">Common prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Number_Nine" title="Document Number Nine">Document Number Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_circulation" title="Dual circulation">Dual circulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_Musts" title="Eight Musts">Eight Musts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-point_Regulation" title="Eight-point Regulation">Eight-point Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Comprehensives" title="Four Comprehensives">Four Comprehensives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Confidences" title="Four Confidences">Four Confidences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_changes_unseen_in_a_century" title="Great changes unseen in a century">Great changes unseen in a century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-quality_development" title="High-quality development">High-quality development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houses_are_for_living,_not_for_speculation" title="Houses are for living, not for speculation">Houses are for living, not for speculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major-country_diplomacy" title="Major-country diplomacy">Major-country diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_productive_forces" title="New productive forces">New productive forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_media_takes_the_party%27s_last_name" title="Party media takes the party's last name">Party media takes the party's last name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holistic_national_security" title="Holistic national security">Holistic national security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_East_is_rising_and_the_West_is_declining" title="The East is rising and the West is declining">The East is rising and the West is declining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Stricts_and_Three_Honests" title="Three Stricts and Three Honests">Three Stricts and Three Honests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resolution_on_the_Major_Achievements_and_Historical_Experience_of_the_Party_over_the_Past_Century" title="Resolution on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century">Historical resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Centenaries" title="Two Centenaries">Two Centenaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Establishes_and_Two_Upholds" title="Two Establishes and Two Upholds">Two Establishes and Two Upholds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole-process_people%27s_democracy" title="Whole-process people's democracy">Whole-process people's democracy</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xi_Jinping_(November_2024)_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Xi_Jinping_%28November_2024%29_02.jpg/120px-Xi_Jinping_%28November_2024%29_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Xi_Jinping_%28November_2024%29_02.jpg/180px-Xi_Jinping_%28November_2024%29_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Xi_Jinping_%28November_2024%29_02.jpg/240px-Xi_Jinping_%28November_2024%29_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="880" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First term</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">2012 election as Party general secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corruption_campaign_under_Xi_Jinping" title="Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping">Anti-corruption campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Qishan" title="Wang Qishan">Wang Qishan</a> (2012–2017)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Internet_Conference" title="World Internet Conference">World Internet Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/709_crackdown" title="709 crackdown">709 crackdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_Revolution_in_China" title="Toilet Revolution in China">Toilet Revolution in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_China_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2015 China Victory Day Parade">2015 China Victory Day Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%E2%80%93Xi_meeting" title="Ma–Xi meeting">Ma–Xi meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Xi%E2%80%93Chu_meeting" title="2015 Xi–Chu meeting">Xi–Chu Summit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second term</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/19th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">2017 reelection as Party general secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">Persecution of Uyghurs in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_internment_camps" title="Xinjiang internment camps">Xinjiang internment camps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China–United States trade war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Hong Kong protests">2019–20 Hong Kong protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/70th_anniversary_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="70th anniversary of the People's Republic of China">2019 China 70th National Day grand parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">COVID-19 pandemic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_government_response_to_COVID-19" title="Chinese government response to COVID-19">Response</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100th_Anniversary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="100th Anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party">100th Anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Inner_Mongolia_protests" title="2020 Inner Mongolia protests">2020 Inner Mongolia protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020-2021_Xi_Jinping_Administration_reform_spree" class="mw-redirect" title="2020-2021 Xi Jinping Administration reform spree">2020-2021 Xi Jinping Administration reform spree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics" title="2022 Winter Olympics">2022 Winter Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Xi_Jinping_visit_to_Hong_Kong" title="2022 Xi Jinping visit to Hong Kong">2022 Hong Kong visit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third term</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">2022 2nd reelection as Party general secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_COVID-19_protests_in_China" title="2022 COVID-19 protests in China">2022 COVID-19 protests in China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Xi_Jinping" title="Foreign policy of Xi Jinping">Diplomacy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Policies82" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Forum_for_International_Cooperation" title="Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation">Forum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Common_Destiny" title="Community of Common Destiny">Community of Common Destiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Development_Initiative" title="Global Development Initiative">Global Development Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Security_Initiative" title="Global Security Initiative">Global Security Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Civilization_Initiative" title="Global Civilization Initiative">Global Civilization Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_warrior_diplomacy" title="Wolf warrior diplomacy">Wolf warrior diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Xi_Jinping" title="List of international trips made by Xi Jinping">Meetings<br /> and trips</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Russia,_Tanzania,_South_Africa_and_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="State visit by Xi Jinping to Russia, Tanzania, South Africa and Congo">2013 Russia, Tanzania, South Africa, Congo visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Pakistan" title="State visit by Xi Jinping to Pakistan">2015 Pakistan visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_the_United_States" title="State visit by Xi Jinping to the United States">2015 United States visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="State visit by Xi Jinping to the United Kingdom">2015 United Kingdom visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_state_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Vietnam_and_Laos" title="2017 state visit by Xi Jinping to Vietnam and Laos">2017 Vietnam and Laos visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim%E2%80%93Xi_meetings" title="Kim–Xi meetings">Kim–Xi meetings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_visits_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Italy_and_France" title="State visits by Xi Jinping to Italy and France">2019 Italy and France visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPC_and_World_Political_Parties_Summit" title="CPC and World Political Parties Summit">CPC and World Political Parties Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_state_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Kazakhstan_and_Uzbekistan" title="2022 state visit by Xi Jinping to Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan">2022 Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_China-Arab_States_Summit" title="2022 China-Arab States Summit">2022 China-Arab States Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Russia" title="2023 visit by Xi Jinping to Russia">2023 Russia visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China-Central_Asia_Summit" title="China-Central Asia Summit">China-Central Asia Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_state_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Vietnam" title="2023 state visit by Xi Jinping to Vietnam">2023 Vietnam visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_France,_Serbia_and_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 visit by Xi Jinping to France, Serbia and Hungary">2024 France, Serbia, Hungary visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_state_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Kazakhstan_and_Tajikistan" title="2024 state visit by Xi Jinping to Kazakhstan and Tajikistan">2024 Kazakhstan and Tajikistan visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_state_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Peru_and_Brazil" title="2024 state visit by Xi Jinping to Peru and Brazil">2024 Peru and Brazil visit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Xi_Jinping" title="Bibliography of Xi Jinping">Works</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_Xi_Jinping_important_speech_series" title="General Secretary Xi Jinping important speech series">General Secretary Xi Jinping important speech series</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Governance_of_China" title="The Governance of China">The Governance of China</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hopes_of_President_Xi" title="The Hopes of President Xi">The Hopes of President Xi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zhijiang_Xinyu" title="Zhijiang Xinyu">Zhijiang Xinyu</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Zhongxun" title="Xi Zhongxun">Xi Zhongxun</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_Xin" title="Qi Xin">Qi Xin</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ke_Lingling" title="Ke Lingling">Ke Lingling</a> (1st wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Liyuan" title="Peng Liyuan">Peng Liyuan</a> (2nd wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_Qiaoqiao" title="Qi Qiaoqiao">Qi Qiaoqiao</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Yuanping" title="Xi Yuanping">Xi Yuanping</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Mingze" title="Xi Mingze">Xi Mingze</a> (daughter)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amazing_China" title="Amazing China">Amazing China</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accelerator-in-Chief" title="Accelerator-in-Chief">Accelerator-in-Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honours_received_by_Xi_Jinping" title="List of awards and honours received by Xi Jinping">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Winnie-the-Pooh_in_China" title="Censorship of Winnie-the-Pooh in China">Censorship of Winnie-the-Pooh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping%27s_cult_of_personality" title="Xi Jinping's cult of personality">Cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama_Papers" title="Panama Papers">Panama Papers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deng_Jiagui" title="Deng Jiagui">Deng Jiagui</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zhijiang_Army" title="New Zhijiang Army">New Zhijiang Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Letter_asking_Xi_Jinping_to_Resign" title="Open Letter asking Xi Jinping to Resign">Open Letter asking Xi Jinping to Resign</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhyzodiastes_xii" title="Rhyzodiastes xii">Rhyzodiastes xii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_Xi_Jinping%27s_Kindness_We_Never_Forget" title="General Secretary Xi Jinping's Kindness We Never Forget">General Secretary Xi Jinping's Kindness We Never Forget</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xuexi_Qiangguo" title="Xuexi Qiangguo">Xuexi Qiangguo</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Xi_Jinping" title="Category:Xi Jinping">Category:Xi Jinping</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Paramount_leaders_of_the_People&#039;s_Republic_of_China1151" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paramount_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Paramount leaders of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paramount_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template talk:Paramount leaders of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paramount_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paramount leaders of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Paramount_leaders_of_the_People&#039;s_Republic_of_China1151" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_leader" title="Paramount leader">Paramount leaders</a> of the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party">Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leadership_core" title="Leadership core">Core 1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hua_Guofeng" title="Hua Guofeng">Hua Guofeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leadership_core" title="Leadership core">Core 2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zemin" title="Jiang Zemin">Jiang Zemin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leadership_core" title="Leadership core">Core 3</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Jintao" title="Hu Jintao">Hu Jintao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leadership_core" title="Leadership core">Core</a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Xi Jinping Administration">4</a>)</li></ol> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the People's Republic of China"><img alt="Flag of the People's Republic of China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Xia" title="Template:Kings of Xia">Xia</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Shang" title="Template:Kings of Shang">Shang</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Zhou" title="Template:Kings of Zhou">Zhou</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Qin" title="Template:Monarchs of Qin">Qin</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Han_emperors" title="Template:Han emperors">Han</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Three_Kingdoms_emperors" title="Template:Three Kingdoms emperors">3 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Jin_emperors_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Template:Jin emperors (266–420)">Jìn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Sixteen_Kingdoms_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Sixteen Kingdoms rulers">16 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Southern_dynasties_emperors" title="Template:Southern dynasties emperors">S. Dynasties</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Northern_dynasties_emperors" title="Template:Northern dynasties emperors">N. Dynasties</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Sui_emperors" title="Template:Sui emperors">Sui</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Tang_emperors" title="Template:Tang emperors">Tang</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_rulers" title="Template:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms rulers">5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Liao_emperors" title="Template:Liao emperors">Liao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Song_emperors" title="Template:Song emperors">Song</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Western_Xia_emperors" title="Template:Western Xia emperors">W. Xia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Jin_emperors_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Template:Jin emperors (1115–1234)">Jīn</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Yuan_emperors" title="Template:Yuan emperors">Yuan</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Ming_emperors" title="Template:Ming emperors">Ming</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Qing_emperors" title="Template:Qing emperors">Qing</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Presidents of the Republic of China">ROC</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Paramount_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Paramount leaders of the People's Republic of China">PRC</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px&#124;link=Emblem_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Chinese_Communist_Party430" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #be0c00; color: white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:Chinese Communist Party"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template talk:Chinese Communist Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese Communist Party"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px&#124;link=Emblem_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_Chinese_Communist_Party430" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Emblem of the Chinese Communist Party"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Danghui_golden.svg/20px-Danghui_golden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Danghui_golden.svg/30px-Danghui_golden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Danghui_golden.svg/40px-Danghui_golden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="320" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">Chinese Communist Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">Central Committee</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Leader of the Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">Leader</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Duxiu" title="Chen Duxiu">Chen Duxiu</a> (1921–1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_Zhongfa" title="Xiang Zhongfa">Xiang Zhongfa</a> (1928–1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Gu" title="Bo Gu">Bo Gu</a> (1931–1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Wentian" title="Zhang Wentian">Zhang Wentian</a> (1935–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> (1943–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hua_Guofeng" title="Hua Guofeng">Hua Guofeng</a> (1976–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Yaobang" title="Hu Yaobang">Hu Yaobang</a> (1981–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Ziyang" title="Zhao Ziyang">Zhao Ziyang</a> (1987–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zemin" title="Jiang Zemin">Jiang Zemin</a> (1989–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Jintao" title="Hu Jintao">Hu Jintao</a> (2002–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> (2012–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><span style="color: white">Decision-making bodies</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Standing Committee</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><span style="color: white">Departments</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Organization Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publicity_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Publicity Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Front_Work_Department" title="United Front Work Department">United Front Work Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="International Department of the Chinese Communist Party">International Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Work_Department" title="Social Work Department">Social Work Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Political_and_Legal_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission">Political and Legal Affairs Commission</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><span style="color: white">Directly administered</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Office_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Office of the Chinese Communist Party">General Office</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Office of the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">Office of the General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guard_Bureau" title="Central Guard Bureau">Central Guard Bureau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guard_Regiment" title="Central Guard Regiment">Central Guard Unit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Administration_of_State_Secrets_Protection" title="National Administration of State Secrets Protection">Secrecy Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Cryptography_Administration" title="State Cryptography Administration">Cryptography Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_Administration_of_China" title="National Archives Administration of China">Central Archives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Policy_Research_Office" title="Central Policy Research Office">Policy Research Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><span style="color: white">Commissions<br />for co-ordination</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Auditing_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Auditing Commission of the Chinese Communist Party">Auditing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Comprehensively_Deepening_Reforms_Commission" title="Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission">Comprehensively Deepening Reforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Comprehensive_Law-based_Governance_Commission" title="Central Comprehensive Law-based Governance Commission">Comprehensive Law-based Governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Financial_Commission" title="Central Financial Commission">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission">Financial and Economic Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Foreign_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Foreign Affairs Commission">Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Cyberspace_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission">Cyberspace Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberspace_Administration_of_China" title="Cyberspace Administration of China">Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military-Civil_Fusion_Development_Committee" title="Central Military-Civil Fusion Development Committee">Integrated Military and Civilian Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Security Commission of the Chinese Communist Party">National Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Science_and_Technology_Commission" title="Central Science and Technology Commission">Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guidance_Commission_on_Building_Spiritual_Civilization" title="Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization">Spiritual Civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Institutional_Organization_Commission" title="Central Institutional Organization Commission">Institutional Organization</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Public_Sector_Reform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of Public Sector Reform (page does not exist)">Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Secrecy_Commission" title="Central Secrecy Commission">Secrecy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Administration_of_State_Secrets_Protection" title="National Administration of State Secrets Protection">Office</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><span style="color: white">Dispatched institutions<br />for co-ordination</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Working_Committee_of_Central_and_State_Organs" title="Working Committee of Central and State Organs">Working Committee of Central and State Organs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Financial_Work_Commission" title="Central Financial Work Commission">Central Financial Work Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Liaison_Office" title="Hong Kong Liaison Office">Hong Kong Work Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Liaison_Office" title="Macau Liaison Office">Macau Work Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Safeguarding_National_Security" title="Office for Safeguarding National Security">Office for Safeguarding National Security</a> in Hong Kong</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Leading_small_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading small group"><span style="color: white">Leading groups</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Leading_Group_for_Cryptography_Work&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Leading Group for Cryptography Work (page does not exist)">Cryptography Work</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Cryptography_Administration" title="State Cryptography Administration">Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Education_Work_Leading_Group" title="Central Education Work Leading Group">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Rural_Work_Leading_Group" title="Central Rural Work Leading Group">Rural Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Inspection_Work" title="Central Leading Group for Inspection Work">Inspection Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Military_Reform" title="Central Leading Group for Military Reform">Military Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Propaganda,_Ideology_and_Culture" title="Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture">Propaganda, Ideology and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_United_Front_Work" title="Central Leading Group for United Front Work">United Front Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Taiwan_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs">Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Affairs_Office" title="Taiwan Affairs Office">Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_on_Hong_Kong_and_Macau_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs">Hong Kong and Macau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_Macau_Affairs_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office">Office</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Party_School" title="Central Party School">Central Party School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Governance" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Academy of Governance">Chinese Academy of Governance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Party_History_and_Literature" title="Institute of Party History and Literature">Institute of Party History and Literature</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qiushi" title="Qiushi">Qiushi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guangming_Daily" title="Guangming Daily">Guangming Daily</a></i></li> <li>Executive Leadership Academies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Executive_Leadership_Academy_Pudong" title="China Executive Leadership Academy Pudong">Pudong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Executive_Leadership_Academy_Yan%27an" title="China Executive Leadership Academy Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Executive_Leadership_Academy_Jinggangshan" title="China Executive Leadership Academy Jinggangshan">Jinggangshan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">National Congress</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="1st National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">1st (1921)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="2nd National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">2nd (1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="3rd National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">3rd (1923)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="4th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">4th (1925)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="5th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">5th (1927)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="6th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">6th (1928)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="7th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">7th (1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="8th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">8th (1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="9th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">9th (1969)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="10th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">10th (1973)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="11th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">11th (1977)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="12th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">12th (1982)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="13th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">13th (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="14th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">14th (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">15th (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">16th (2002)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="17th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">17th (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">18th (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">19th (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">20th (2022)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;">Leadership sittings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><span style="color: white">Elected by the<br />Central Committee</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">Politburo Standing Committee</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4th_Central_Bureau_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="4th Central Bureau of the Chinese Communist Party">4th: 1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="5th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">5th: 1927–1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="6th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">6th: 1928–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="7th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">7th: 1945–1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="8th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">8th: 1956–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="9th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">9th: 1969–1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="10th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">10th: 1973–1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="11th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">11th: 1977–1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="12th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">12th: 1982–1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="13th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">13th: 1987–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="14th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">14th: 1992–1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="15th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">15th: 1997–2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="16th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">16th: 2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="17th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">17th: 2007–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="18th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">18th: 2012–2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">19th: 2017–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">20th: 2022–2027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">Politburo</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Central_Leading_Organisation_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="3rd Central Leading Organisation of the Chinese Communist Party">3rd: 1923–1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Central_Bureau_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="4th Central Bureau of the Chinese Communist Party">4th: 1925–1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="5th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">5th: 1927–1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="6th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">6th: 1928–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="7th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">7th: 1945–1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="8th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">8th: 1956–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="9th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">9th: 1969–1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="10th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">10th: 1973–1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="11th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">11th: 1977–1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="12th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">12th: 1982–1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="13th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">13th: 1987–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">14th: 1992–1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="15th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">15th: 1997–2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="16th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">16th: 2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="17th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">17th: 2007–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="18th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">18th: 2012–2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">19th: 2017–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">20th: 2022–2027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)"><span style="color: white">Military Commission</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Central_Revolutionary_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Central Revolutionary Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">7th: 1945–1949 & 1954–1956</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">8th: 1956–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">9th: 1969–1973</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">10th: 1973–1977</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">11th: 1977–1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=12th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">12th: 1982–1987</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">13th: 1987–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">14th: 1992–1997</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="15th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">15th: 1997–2002</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=16th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="16th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">16th: 2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=17th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="17th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">17th: 2007–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=18th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="18th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">18th: 2012–2017</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=19th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="19th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">19th: 2017–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=20th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="20th Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (page does not exist)">20th: 2022–2027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><span style="color: white">Approved by the<br />Central Committee</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">Secretariat</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="8th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">8th: 1956–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="11th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">11th: 1980–1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="12th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">12th: 1982–1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="13th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">13th: 1987–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="14th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">14th: 1992–1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="15th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">15th: 1997–2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="16th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">16th: 2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="17th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">17th: 2007–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="18th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">18th: 2012–2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">19th: 2017–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">20th: 2022–2027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection"><span style="color: white">CCDI Standing Committee</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidium_of_the_7th_Central_Supervisory_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidium of the 7th Central Supervisory Commission (page does not exist)">7th 1949–1956</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidium_of_the_8th_Central_Supervisory_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidium of the 8th Central Supervisory Commission (page does not exist)">8th: 1956–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standing_Committee_of_the_11th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standing Committee of the 11th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">11th: 1978–1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standing_Committee_of_the_12th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standing Committee of the 12th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">12th: 1982–1987</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standing_Committee_of_the_13th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standing Committee of the 13th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">13th: 1987–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standing_Committee_of_the_14th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standing Committee of the 14th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">14th: 1992–1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_15th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the 15th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">15th: 1997–2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_16th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the 16th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">16th: 2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standing_Committee_of_the_17th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standing Committee of the 17th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">17th: 2007–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_18th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">18th: 2012–2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_19th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the 19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">19th: 2017–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_20th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">20th: 2022–2027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection"><span style="color: white">CCDI Secretary</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_De" title="Zhu De">Zhu De</a> (1949–55)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Biwu" title="Dong Biwu">Dong Biwu</a> (1955–68)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yun" title="Chen Yun">Chen Yun</a> (1978–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiao_Shi" title="Qiao Shi">Qiao Shi</a> (1987–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Jianxing" title="Wei Jianxing">Wei Jianxing</a> (1992–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Guanzheng" title="Wu Guanzheng">Wu Guanzheng</a> (2002–07)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Guoqiang" title="He Guoqiang">He Guoqiang</a> (2007–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Qishan" title="Wang Qishan">Wang Qishan</a> (2012–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a> (2017–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xi_(politician)" title="Li Xi (politician)">Li Xi</a> (2022–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Secretary_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Secretary General of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Secretary General of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;">Elected by<br />National Congress</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">Central Committee</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Central_Bureau_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="1st Central Bureau of the Chinese Communist Party">1st: 1921–1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Central_Executive_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="2nd Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">2nd: 1922–1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Central_Executive_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="3rd Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">3rd: 1923–1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Central_Executive_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="4th Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">4th: 1925–1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="5th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">5th: 1927–1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="6th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">6th: 1928–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="7th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">7th: 1945–1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="8th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">8th: 1956–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="9th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">9th: 1969–1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="10th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">10th: 1973–1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">11th: 1977–1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">12th: 1982–1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">13th: 1987–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">14th: 1992–1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">15th: 1997–2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="16th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">16th: 2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="17th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">17th: 2007–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">18th: 2012–2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">19th: 2017–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">20th: 2022–2027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Central Commission for Discipline Inspection"><span style="color: white">Discipline Inspection</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5th_Central_Supervisory_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5th Central Supervisory Commission (page does not exist)">5th: 1927–1928</a></li> <li>6th: <a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Central_Review_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Central Review Committee (page does not exist)">1928–1933</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Party_Affairs_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Party Affairs Commission (page does not exist)">1933–1945</a></li> <li>7th: <a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">1949–1955</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Central_Supervisory_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Central Supervisory Commission (page does not exist)">1955–1956</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8th_Central_Supervisory_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8th Central Supervisory Commission (page does not exist)">8th: 1956–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">11th: 1978–1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=12th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">12th: 1982–1987</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">13th: 1987–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">14th: 1992–1997</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="15th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (page does not exist)">15th: 1997–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="16th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">16th: 2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="17th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">17th: 2007–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">18th: 2012–2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">19th: 2017–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">20th: 2022–2027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wider_organisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wider organisation (page does not exist)"><span style="color: white">Wider organisation</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Armed_Police" title="People's Armed Police">People's Armed Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_(China)" title="Militia (China)">Militia (China)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Youth_League_of_China" title="Communist Youth League of China">Communist Youth League of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Pioneers_of_China" title="Young Pioneers of China">Young Pioneers of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_front_(China)" title="United front (China)">United front (China)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_organization" title="People's organization">People's organization</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party"><span style="color: white">Ideologies</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong_Thought" class="mw-redirect" title="Mao Zedong Thought">Mao Zedong Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Socialism with Chinese characteristics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping_Theory" title="Deng Xiaoping Theory">Deng Xiaoping Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Represents" title="Three Represents">Three Represents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Outlook_on_Development" title="Scientific Outlook on Development">Scientific Outlook on Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought" title="Xi Jinping Thought">Xi Jinping Thought</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;"><span style="color:white">Groupings</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_clique" title="Shanghai clique">Shanghai clique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuanpai" title="Tuanpai">Tuanpai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsinghua_clique" title="Tsinghua clique">Tsinghua clique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_Elders" title="Eight Elders">Eight Elders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princelings" title="Princelings">Crown Prince Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujian_clique" title="Fujian clique">Fujian clique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zhijiang_Army" title="New Zhijiang Army">New Zhijiang Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xishan_Society" title="Xishan Society">Xishan Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four" title="Gang of Four">Gang of Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_Bolsheviks" title="28 Bolsheviks">28 Bolsheviks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #be0c00; color: white;">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuanggui" title="Shuanggui">Shuanggui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoauthoritarianism_(China)" title="Neoauthoritarianism (China)">Neoauthoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_campaigns_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="List of campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party">List of campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longest-serving_members_of_the_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Longest-serving members of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Longest-serving members of the Politburo Standing Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Emblem of the Chinese Communist Party">Emblem of the Chinese Communist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #be0c00; 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