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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Coal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_gas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_gas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Natural gas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_gas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renewable_energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renewable_energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Renewable energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renewable_energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Solar_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solar_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Solar power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solar_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wind_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wind_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Wind power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wind_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biomass" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biomass"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Biomass</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biomass-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydro_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydro_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Hydro power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydro_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuclear_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Nuclear power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_warming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_warming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Global warming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_warming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portugal_electricity_production.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Portugal_electricity_production.svg/300px-Portugal_electricity_production.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Portugal_electricity_production.svg/450px-Portugal_electricity_production.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Portugal_electricity_production.svg/600px-Portugal_electricity_production.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="559" /></a><figcaption>Portugal electricity production 1980-2019</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Energy in Portugal</b> describes <a href="/wiki/World_energy_resources_and_consumption" class="mw-redirect" title="World energy resources and consumption">energy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electricity_generation" title="Electricity generation">electricity</a> production, consumption and import in <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>. Energy policy of Portugal will describe the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Portugal" title="Politics of Portugal">politics of Portugal</a> related to energy more in detail. <a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Portugal" title="Electricity sector in Portugal">Electricity sector in Portugal</a> is the main article of electricity in Portugal. </p><p>In 2000, 85% of energy was imported. In 2021 the last coal fired power station closed and renewable energy was expanded to fill the gap. A target of being carbon neutral by 2050 has been set. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Energy_statistics">Energy statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Energy statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <caption><b>2020 energy statistics</b><sup id="cite_ref-wor20_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wor20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Production capacities for electricity<br />(billion kWh) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Type</th> <th>Amount </th></tr> <tr> <td>Fossil fuel</td> <td>76.40 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hydro</td> <td>51.92 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wind power</td> <td>45.65 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Biomass</td> <td>15.08 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Solar</td> <td>6.27 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Geothermal</td> <td>0.78 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total</th> <th>196.10 </th></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td width="15em">      </td> <td valign="top"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Electricity<br />(billion kWh) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Category</th> <th>Amount </th></tr> <tr> <td>Consumption</td> <td>48.41 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Production</td> <td>52.22 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Import</td> <td>7.55 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Export</td> <td>6.10 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td width="15em">      </td> <td valign="top"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Natural Gas<br />(billion m<sup>3</sup>) </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>Consumption</td> <td>5.94 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Import</td> <td>6.09 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td width="15em">      </td> <td valign="top"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Crude Oil<br />(barrels per day) </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>Consumption</td> <td>90,920,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Production</td> <td>2,920,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Import</td> <td>93,220,000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>CO<sub>2</sub> emissions:</b><br />38.97 million tons </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Energy_plans">Energy plans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Energy plans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Portugal aims to be climate neutral by 2050 and to cover 80% of its electricity consumption with renewables by 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-erneuerbare_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-erneuerbare-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Portugal has also developed a hydrogen strategy to decrease natural gas imports and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Energy_sources">Energy sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Energy sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fossil_fuels">Fossil fuels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fossil fuels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Coal">Coal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Coal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sines_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sines Municipality">Sines</a> power plant (hard coal) started operation in 1985–1989 in Portugal. According to WWF its CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub> emissions were among the top dirty ones in Portugal in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That coal power plant went offline in January 2021, with the one remaining coal power plant in the country, closing at 7h15 on the 19th of November 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Natural_gas">Natural gas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Natural gas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Maghreb%E2%80%93Europe_Gas_Pipeline" title="Maghreb–Europe Gas Pipeline">Maghreb–Europe Gas Pipeline</a> (MEG) is a <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> pipeline, from <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> through <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> to <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. </p><p>Portugal has the <a href="/wiki/Sines" title="Sines">Sines</a> <a href="/wiki/LNG" class="mw-redirect" title="LNG">LNG</a> import terminal to facilitate gas imports. There are three LNG storage tanks with a total capacity of 390,000 cbm and a regasification capacity of 5.6 mtpa.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021 Portugal imported 2.8 billion cubic meters of <a href="/wiki/LNG" class="mw-redirect" title="LNG">LNG</a> from Nigeria, being almost 50% of the country's gas imports for the year.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renewable_energy">Renewable energy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Renewable energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portugal_renewable_electricity_production.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Portugal_renewable_electricity_production.svg/350px-Portugal_renewable_electricity_production.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Portugal_renewable_electricity_production.svg/525px-Portugal_renewable_electricity_production.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Portugal_renewable_electricity_production.svg/700px-Portugal_renewable_electricity_production.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="559" /></a><figcaption>Portugal's renewable electricity production from 1980 until 2019</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Years in which the last three renewable power levels achieved </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Achievement</th> <th>Year</th> <th>Achievement</th> <th>Year</th> <th>Achievement</th> <th>Year </th></tr> <tr> <td>20%</td> <td>2006</td> <td>25%</td> <td>2010</td> <td>30%</td> <td>2020<sup id="cite_ref-wor20_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wor20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Renewable energy includes wind, solar, biomass and geothermal energy sources. </p><p>Energy from renewable sources has been increasing in Portugal since 2000 and has been given a boost with the 2030 renewable energy target. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Solar_power">Solar power</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Solar power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Portugal" title="Solar power in Portugal">Solar power in Portugal</a></div> <p>Portugal has supported and increased the solar electricity (<a href="/wiki/Photovoltaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Photovoltaic">Photovoltaic</a> power) and solar thermal energy (<a href="/wiki/Solar_heating" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar heating">solar heating</a>) during 2006–2010. Portugal was 9th in <a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_the_European_Union" title="Solar power in the European Union">solar heating in the EU</a> and 8th in solar power based on total volume in 2010. </p><p>The largest solar farm in Europe is being built in Santiago do Cacém near <a href="/wiki/Sines" title="Sines">Sines</a>, creating up to 2,500 jobs, mostly local, it will be completed in 2025 and have a generating capacity of 1.2 GW.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wind_power">Wind power</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Wind power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Portugal" title="Wind power in Portugal">Wind power in Portugal</a></div> <p>Wind energy capacity in Portugal is over 5,000 MW from onshore wind farms. In 2023, plans for the first floating offshore wind farm were announced.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Biomass">Biomass</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Biomass"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Biomass provides around 8% of electricity generation capacity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydro_power">Hydro power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Hydro power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Portugal has also been using water power to generate power for the country. In the 2010s, a local company, Wave Roller installed many devices along the coast to make use of the water power.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, 36% of Portugal’s total installed power generation capacity and 23% of total power generation came from hydro power.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Drought can seriously reduce hydro energy generation in the summer months. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuclear_power">Nuclear power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Nuclear power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Portugal">Nuclear energy in Portugal</a></div> <p>Portugal does not produce any electricity from nuclear sources.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sustainable strategy has been a shift from individual to collective transport within the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (<a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Metro" title="Lisbon Metro">Metro Lisbon</a> (ML), collective buses, <a href="/wiki/Carris" title="Carris">Companhia Carris de ferro de Lisboa</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Global_warming">Global warming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Global warming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate change in Portugal">Climate change in Portugal</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#cfb;">CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub> emissions in 2009 (million tonnes)<sup id="cite_ref-IEApop2011_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEApop2011-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#cfb;"> </th> <th style="background:#cfb;">CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub> </th> <th style="background:#cfb;">People (million) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Chile" title="Energy in Chile">Chile</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">66</td> <td style="text-align:right;">16.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Belarus" title="Energy in Belarus">Belarus</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">61</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Syria" title="Energy in Syria">Syria</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">57</td> <td style="text-align:right;">21.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Turkmenistan" title="Energy in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">57</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><b>Portugal</b></td> <td style="text-align:right;">57</td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">55</td> <td style="text-align:right;">160.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Libya" title="Energy in Libya">Libya</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">55</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Serbia" title="Energy in Serbia">Serbia</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">52</td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Finland" title="Energy in Finland">Finland</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">52</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.3 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Energy_Information_Administration" title="Energy Information Administration">Energy Information Administration</a> the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from energy consumption of Portugal were in 2009 56.5 Mt, slightly over <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> with 160 million people and <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Finland" title="Energy in Finland">Finland</a> with 5.3 million people.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The emissions per capita were (tonnes): Portugal 5.58, <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_India" title="Energy in India">India</a> 1.38, <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in China">China</a> 5.83, <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Europe" title="Energy in Europe">Europe</a> 7.14, <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Russia" title="Energy in Russia">Russia</a> 11.23, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_North_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in the North America (page does not exist)">North America</a> 14.19, <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Singapore" title="Energy in Singapore">Singapore</a> 34.59 and <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Energy in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> 40.31.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=15" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-06</span></span>. <q>2011, October, population in the end tables</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iea.org&rft.atitle=IEA+Key+World+Energy+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iea.org%2Ftextbase%2Fnppdf%2Ffree%2F2011%2Fkey_world_energy_stats.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/jan/31/world-carbon-dioxide-emissions-country-data-co2">"World carbon dioxide emissions data by country: China speeds ahead of the rest"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 31 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=World+carbon+dioxide+emissions+data+by+country%3A+China+speeds+ahead+of+the+rest&rft.date=2011-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2Fdatablog%2F2011%2Fjan%2F31%2Fworld-carbon-dioxide-emissions-country-data-co2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/jan/31/world-carbon-dioxide-emissions-country-data-co2">"World carbon dioxide emissions country data co2"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=World+carbon+dioxide+emissions+country+data+co2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2Fdatablog%2F2011%2Fjan%2F31%2Fworld-carbon-dioxide-emissions-country-data-co2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnergy+in+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Portugal_topics" title="Template:Portugal topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Portugal_topics" title="Template talk:Portugal topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Portugal_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Portugal topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Portugal_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Portugal-related_articles" title="Index of Portugal-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal" title="History of Portugal">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Portuguese_history" title="Timeline of Portuguese history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oestriminis" title="Oestriminis">Oestriminis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophiussa" title="Ophiussa">Ophiussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitanians" title="Lusitanians">Lusitanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitania" title="Lusitania">Lusitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buri_tribe" title="Buri tribe">Buri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Portugal" title="County of Portugal">County of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Zamora" title="Treaty of Zamora">Treaty of Zamora</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manifestis_Probatum" title="Manifestis Probatum">Manifestis Probatum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_monarchs" title="List of Portuguese monarchs">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1383%E2%80%931385_Portuguese_interregnum" title="1383–1385 Portuguese interregnum">1383–1385 interregnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Windsor_(1386)" title="Treaty of Windsor (1386)">Treaty of Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Portugal in the Middle Ages">Consolidation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal_(1415%E2%80%931578)" title="History of Portugal (1415–1578)">Portuguese golden age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Renaissance" title="Portuguese Renaissance">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas" title="Treaty of Tordesillas">Treaty of Tordesillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">Iberian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Restoration_War" title="Portuguese Restoration War">Restoration War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1755_Lisbon_earthquake" title="1755 Lisbon earthquake">1755 Lisbon earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1761_Lisbon_earthquake" title="1761 Lisbon earthquake">1761 Lisbon earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal_(1777%E2%80%931834)" title="History of Portugal (1777–1834)">History of Portugal (1777–1834)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Portugal,_Brazil_and_the_Algarves" title="United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves">United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Revolution_of_1820" title="Liberal Revolution of 1820">Liberal Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Wars" title="Liberal Wars">Liberal Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal_(1834%E2%80%931910)" title="History of Portugal (1834–1910)">Constitutional monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_October_1910_revolution" title="5 October 1910 revolution">Republican Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Portuguese_Republic" title="First Portuguese Republic">First Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_I" title="Portugal during World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_May_1926_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="28 May 1926 coup d'état">28 de Maio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Estado Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Overseas War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Portuguese_Republic" title="Third Portuguese Republic">Third Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Portugal" title="Economic history of Portugal">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Portugal" title="Military history of Portugal">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_Portugal" title="Music history of Portugal">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portuguese" title="History of Portuguese">Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Portuguese_shield.svg/80px-Portuguese_shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Portuguese_shield.svg/120px-Portuguese_shield.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Portuguese_shield.svg/160px-Portuguese_shield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="342" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Portugal" title="Geography of Portugal">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Portugal" title="List of cities in Portugal">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Portugal" title="List of mountains in Portugal">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Portugal" title="List of islands of Portugal">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Portugal" title="List of lakes of Portugal">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Portugal" title="Administrative divisions of Portugal">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Portugal" title="List of rivers of Portugal">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Portugal" title="List of earthquakes in Portugal">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Portugal" title="List of volcanoes in Portugal">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Portugal" title="Politics of Portugal">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Portugal" title="Administrative divisions of Portugal">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Portugal" title="Constitution of Portugal">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Portugal" title="Elections in Portugal">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Portugal" title="Foreign relations of Portugal">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Portugal" title="Government of Portugal">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Portugal" title="Judiciary of Portugal">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Portugal" title="Law of Portugal">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Portugal" title="Law enforcement in Portugal">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Portugal" title="Human rights in Portugal">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Portugal">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Armed_Forces" title="Portuguese Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Portugal)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Portugal" title="List of political parties in Portugal">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal" title="President of Portugal">President</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Portugal" title="Economy of Portugal">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Portugal" title="Agriculture in Portugal">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banco_de_Portugal" title="Banco de Portugal">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Portugal" title="Economic history of Portugal">Economic history</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_Portugal" title="Exclusive economic zone of Portugal">Exclusive Economic Zone <span style="font-size:85%;">(EEZ)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Portugal">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Portugal" title="Mining in Portugal">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Portugal" title="Science and technology in Portugal">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronext_Lisbon" title="Euronext Lisbon">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Portugal" title="Telecommunications in Portugal">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Portugal" title="Tourism in Portugal">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Portugal" title="Transport in Portugal">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Portugal" title="Category:Society of Portugal">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Portugal" title="Crime in Portugal">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Portugal" title="Demographics of Portugal">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_Portugal" title="Drug policy of Portugal">Drug policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Portugal" title="Education in Portugal">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Portugal" title="Health in Portugal">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Portugal" title="Homelessness in Portugal">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Portugal" title="Housing in Portugal">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Portugal" title="Immigration to Portugal">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Portugal" title="Languages of Portugal">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturism_in_Portugal" title="Naturism in Portugal">Naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Portugal">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Portugal" title="Prostitution in Portugal">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Portugal" title="Time in Portugal">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Portugal" title="Women in Portugal">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Portugal" title="Culture of Portugal">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_architecture" title="Portuguese architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Portugal" title="Cinema of Portugal">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_wine" title="Portuguese wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_literature" title="Portuguese literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Portugal" title="Mass media in Portugal">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_monuments_of_Portugal" title="List of national monuments of Portugal">Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Portugal" title="Music of Portugal">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Portugal" title="Public holidays in Portugal">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Portugal" title="Religion in Portugal">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Portugal" title="Sport in Portugal">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Portugal" title="National symbols of Portugal">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Portugal" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Portugal">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Portugal" title="Outline of Portugal">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Portugal-related_articles" title="Index of Portugal-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Portugal" title="Category:Portugal">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Portugal" title="Portal:Portugal">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Energy_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Energy_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Europe" title="Energy in Europe">Energy in Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Armenia" title="Energy in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Austria" title="Energy in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Azerbaijan" title="Energy in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Belarus" title="Energy in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Belgium" title="Energy in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Bulgaria" title="Energy in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Croatia" title="Energy in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Cyprus" title="Energy in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Energy in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Denmark" title="Energy in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Estonia" title="Energy in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Finland" title="Energy in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_France" title="Energy in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Energy in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Germany" title="Energy in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Greece" title="Energy in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Hungary" title="Energy in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Iceland" title="Energy in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Italy" title="Energy in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Kazakhstan" title="Energy in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Latvia" title="Energy in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Liechtenstein" title="Energy in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Lithuania" title="Energy in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Luxembourg" title="Energy in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Malta" title="Energy in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Moldova" title="Energy in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Monaco" title="Energy in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Netherlands" title="Energy in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Norway" title="Energy in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Poland" title="Energy in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Romania" title="Energy in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Russia" title="Energy in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Serbia" title="Energy in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Slovakia" title="Energy in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Slovenia" title="Energy in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Spain" title="Energy in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Sweden" title="Energy in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Switzerland" title="Energy in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Turkey" title="Energy in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Ukraine" title="Energy in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Energy in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Kosovo (page does not exist)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Energy in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Energy_policy_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Energy_policy_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy of Europe">Energy policy of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Albania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Albania (page does not exist)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Austria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Austria (page does not exist)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Azerbaijan (page does not exist)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Belgium" title="Energy policy of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Bulgaria (page does not exist)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Croatia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Croatia (page does not exist)">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Cyprus (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_the_Czech_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of the Czech Republic (page does not exist)">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Denmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Denmark (page does not exist)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Estonia (page does not exist)">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Finland" title="Energy policy of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of France (page does not exist)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Georgia (country) (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Greece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Greece (page does not exist)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Hungary (page does not exist)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Iceland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Iceland (page does not exist)">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of the Republic of Ireland (page does not exist)">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Italy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Italy (page does not exist)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Latvia (page does not exist)">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Lithuania (page does not exist)">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Luxembourg (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Malta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Malta (page does not exist)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Moldova (page does not exist)">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of the Netherlands (page does not exist)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of North Macedonia (page does not exist)">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Poland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Poland (page does not exist)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Portugal (page does not exist)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Romania" title="Energy policy of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Russia" title="Energy policy of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Serbia (page does not exist)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Slovakia (page does not exist)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Slovenia (page does not exist)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Spain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Spain (page does not exist)">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Energy policy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Kosovo (page does not exist)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_the_Faroe_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of the Faroe Islands (page does not exist)">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_policy_of_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy policy of Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Energy policy of the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Portugal&oldid=1227179043">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Portugal&oldid=1227179043</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Energy_in_Portugal" title="Category:Energy in Portugal">Energy in 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