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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Edson Fessenden Gallaudet</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Edson_Fessenden_Gallaudet.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Edson_Fessenden_Gallaudet.png/220px-Edson_Fessenden_Gallaudet.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Edson_Fessenden_Gallaudet.png/330px-Edson_Fessenden_Gallaudet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Edson_Fessenden_Gallaudet.png/440px-Edson_Fessenden_Gallaudet.png 2x" data-file-width="902" data-file-height="1297" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1871-04-21</span>)</span>April 21, 1871<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 1, 1945<span style="display:none">(1945-07-01)</span> (aged 74)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Branford,_Connecticut#Pine_Orchard" title="Branford, Connecticut">Pine Orchard</a>, Connecticut, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>, <small><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">B.A.</a> (1893)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a>, <small><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D.</a> (1896)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Aviation pioneer in <a href="/wiki/Airfoil" title="Airfoil">airfoils</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seaplane" title="Seaplane">seaplanes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gallaudet_Hydroplane" title="Gallaudet Hydroplane">Gallaudet Hydroplane</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Marion Cockrell</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1903)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Miner_Gallaudet" title="Edward Miner Gallaudet">Edward Miner Gallaudet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hopkins_Gallaudet" title="Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet">Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet</a> (grandfather)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Cockrell" title="Francis Cockrell">Francis Cockrell</a> (father-in-law)</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Edson Fessenden Gallaudet</b> (April 21, 1871 – July 1, 1945) was a pioneer in the field of aviation.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was best known for his development of practical <a href="/wiki/Airfoils" class="mw-redirect" title="Airfoils">airfoils</a> and aircraft propulsion systems for use in early <a href="/wiki/Seaplane" title="Seaplane">seaplanes</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_early_career">Early life and early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edson_Fessenden_Gallaudet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Edson Gallaudet was born April 21, 1871 in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> to <a href="/wiki/Edward_Miner_Gallaudet" title="Edward Miner Gallaudet">Edward Miner Gallaudet</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Gallaudet_University" title="Gallaudet University">Gallaudet University</a> and son of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hopkins_Gallaudet" title="Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet">Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet</a>. Both his father and grandfather were famous educators in the field of deaf education. He received his <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">B.A.</a> from <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> in 1893, and his <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">Ph.D.</a> in electrical engineering from <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> in 1896. As a student at Yale in the class of 1893 he was a member of <a href="/wiki/Psi_Upsilon" title="Psi Upsilon">Psi Upsilon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skull_and_Bones" title="Skull and Bones">Skull and Bones</a>. He was an associate fellow with the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_the_Aeronautical_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences">Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences</a>, a member of the American Society of Aeronautic Engineers, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_A%C3%A9ronautique_Internationale" title="Fédération Aéronautique Internationale">Fédération Aéronautique Internationale</a>, and a member of the <a href="/wiki/Aero_Club_of_America" title="Aero Club of America">Aero Club of America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sigma_Xi" title="Sigma Xi">Sigma Xi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engineers%27_Club_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineers' Club (Manhattan)">Engineers' Club</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-yaleobit194546_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yaleobit194546-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences">Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>. He worked at <a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Corporation" title="Westinghouse Electric Corporation">Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania">Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</a> from 1896 to 1897, then became an instructor of physics at Yale, where he taught from 1897 to 1900. From 1900 to 1903 he worked at <a href="/wiki/William_Cramp_%26_Sons" title="William Cramp & Sons">William Cramp & Sons' Ship and Engine Building Company</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a> and then, in 1903, worked at the <a href="/wiki/National_Cash_Register_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="National Cash Register Company">National Cash Register Company</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton, Ohio</a>. He married Marion Cockrell on February 14, 1903. From 1903 to 1908 he worked as an assistant to the President and General Superintendent of the Stillwell Bierce & Smith Vaile Company in Dayton (which later became the Platt Iron Works Company). In 1908 he worked for the New England Refrigerator Company in <a href="/wiki/Norwich,_Connecticut" title="Norwich, Connecticut">Norwich, Connecticut</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edson_Fessenden_Gallaudet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Edson_Fessenden_Gallaudet.jpg/130px-Edson_Fessenden_Gallaudet.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Edson_Fessenden_Gallaudet.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="159" data-file-height="208" /></a><figcaption>Edson Fessenden Gallaudet, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1892–1896</span></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_in_aviation">Career in aviation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edson_Fessenden_Gallaudet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career in aviation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gallaudet was the first person to experiment with warped wings in 1896, and in 1898 he built a warping-wing kite to test his invention of a warping-wing mechanism; this <a href="/wiki/Gallaudet_Hydroplane" title="Gallaudet Hydroplane">kite</a> survives and is on display in the <a href="/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="National Air and Space Museum">National Air and Space Museum</a> in Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1911 he obtained US pilot's license No. 32 with the Aero Club of America,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> flying a <a href="/wiki/Wright_Flyer" title="Wright Flyer">Wright biplane</a> in <a href="/wiki/Garden_City,_New_York" title="Garden City, New York">Garden City, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 1911 he earned a pilot's brevet with the <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9ro-Club_de_France" title="Aéro-Club de France">Aero Club of France</a> flying a <a href="/wiki/Nieuport" title="Nieuport">Nieuport</a> monoplane. In 1908 Gallaudet founded the Gallaudet Engineering Company in <a href="/wiki/Norwich,_Connecticut" title="Norwich, Connecticut">Norwich, Connecticut</a> where, as President, he did work as a mechanical and consulting engineer and, in 1909, built his first airplane.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1914 he patented a radical new aircraft propulsion system that was later incorporated into his first seaplane prototype, the <a href="/wiki/Gallaudet_D-4" title="Gallaudet D-4">Gallaudet D-1</a> that was first tested on the <a href="/wiki/Thames_River_(Connecticut)" title="Thames River (Connecticut)">Thames River</a> in Connecticut. The need for larger facilities and a better location to test his seaplanes, he moved his company to <a href="/wiki/Chepiwanoxet_Point" title="Chepiwanoxet Point">Chepiwanoxet Point</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Narragansett_Bay" title="Narragansett Bay">Narragansett Bay</a> coast in Rhode Island.<sup id="cite_ref-RI_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Gallaudet Engineering Company was incorporated as the Gallaudet Aircraft Corporation in 1917. In 1923 Gallaudet built an all-metal aircraft, the <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PT-1_Trusty" title="Consolidated PT-1 Trusty">TW-3</a> that first flew on June 20, 1923 at <a href="/wiki/Wilbur_Wright_Field" title="Wilbur Wright Field">Wilbur Wright Field</a> in Ohio.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RI_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retirement_and_family_life">Retirement and family life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edson_Fessenden_Gallaudet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Retirement and family life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1924 Gallaudet retired from the company he had founded. The company assets were acquired by Major <a href="/wiki/Reuben_H._Fleet" title="Reuben H. Fleet">Reuben H. Fleet</a>, who used them as the core around which he founded <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Aircraft_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Consolidated Aircraft Corporation">Consolidated Aircraft Corporation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RI_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RI-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Edson's wife Marion Cockrell Gallaudet, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Francis_Marion_Cockrell" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Marion Cockrell">Francis Marion Cockrell</a>, launched <a href="/wiki/USS_Missouri_(BB-11)" title="USS Missouri (BB-11)">USS Missouri (BB-11)</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>He died in 1945 in <a href="/wiki/Branford,_Connecticut#Pine_Orchard" title="Branford, Connecticut">Pine Orchard, Connecticut</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Papers_and_publications">Papers and publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edson_Fessenden_Gallaudet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Papers and publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Schatzberg, Eric. 1999. <i>Wings of Wood, Wings of Metal: Culture and Technical Choice in American Airplane Materials, 1914–1945</i>. Princeton University Press,</li> <li>Gallaudet, Edson Fessenden. 1896. <i>Relations between Length, Elasticity, and Magnetization of Iron and Nickel Wire</i>. Washington, DC: Gibson Bros.</li> <li>Gallaudet, Edson F. 1920. <i>The Gallaudet Review</i>. East Greenwich: Gallaudet Aircraft Corp.</li> <li>Gallaudet, Edson. 1915. Affidavit (in <i>The Wright Company vs. The Curtiss Aeroplane Company</i> lawsuit). New York: January 8, 1915, 11 pages, plus illustrations. (Source: Renstrom, Arthur G. 2002. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110104020557/http://history.nasa.gov/monograph27.pdf">"Wilbur & Orville Wright—A Bibliography Commemorating the One-Hundredth Anniversary of the First Powered Flight, December 17, 1903"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from the original on January 4, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wilbur+%26+Orville+Wright%E2%80%94A+Bibliography+Commemorating+the+One-Hundredth+Anniversary+of+the+First+Powered+Flight%2C+December+17%2C+1903&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2Fmonograph27.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdson+Fessenden+Gallaudet" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span>, Monographs in Aerospace History, Number 27, September 2002, p. 87.) (Unpublished.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edson_Fessenden_Gallaudet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallaudetfamily.com/notable_gallaudets.htm">Notable Gallaudets in American History</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yaleobit194546-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yaleobit194546_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mssa.library.yale.edu/obituary_record/1925_1952/1945-46.pdf">"Obituary Record of Graduates of Yale University Deceased during the year 1945–1946"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Yale University. January 1, 1947. p. 32<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Obituary+Record+of+Graduates+of+Yale+University+Deceased+during+the+year+1945%E2%80%931946&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Yale+University&rft.date=1947-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmssa.library.yale.edu%2Fobituary_record%2F1925_1952%2F1945-46.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdson+Fessenden+Gallaudet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasm.si.edu/collections/artifact_display.cfm">National Air and Space Museum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090526001305/http://www.nasm.si.edu/collections/artifact_display.cfm">Archived</a> May 26, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> National Mall Building, Early Flight – Gallery 107, artifact display</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gannon, Jack. 1981. <i>Deaf Heritage–A Narrative History of Deaf America</i>, Silver Spring, MD: National Association of the Deaf, pp. 175 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saveourdeafschools.org/Deaf_Heritage_by_Jack_Gannon_page_175.pdf">PDF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120328132231/http://saveourdeafschools.org/Deaf_Heritage_by_Jack_Gannon_page_175.pdf">Archived</a> March 28, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlyaviators.com/egallaud.htm">Edson F. Gallaudet</a> at www.earlyaviators.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gannon, Jack. 1981. <i>Deaf Heritage–A Narrative History of Deaf America</i>, Silver Spring, MD: National Association of the Deaf, pp. 175, 177 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saveourdeafschools.org/Deaf_Heritage_by_Jack_Gannon_page_175.pdf">PDF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120328132231/http://saveourdeafschools.org/Deaf_Heritage_by_Jack_Gannon_page_175.pdf">Archived</a> March 28, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saveourdeafschools.org/Deaf_Heritage_by_Jack_Gannon_page_177.pdf">PDF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120328132341/http://saveourdeafschools.org/Deaf_Heritage_by_Jack_Gannon_page_177.pdf">Archived</a> March 28, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patillo, Donald M. <i>Pushing the Envelope: The American Aircraft Industry</i> (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998), 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RI-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RI_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RI_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RI_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrian_L._Wallin2016" class="citation web cs1">Brian L. Wallin (July 23, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smallstatebighistory.com/edson-f-gallaudet-a-rhode-island-aircraft-pioneer/">"Edson F. Gallaudet – A Rhode Island Aircraft Pioneer"</a>. Small State Big History, Christian McBurney (ed)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edson+F.+Gallaudet+%E2%80%93+A+Rhode+Island+Aircraft+Pioneer&rft.pub=Small+State+Big+History%2C+Christian+McBurney+%28ed%29&rft.date=2016-07-23&rft.au=Brian+L.+Wallin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsmallstatebighistory.com%2Fedson-f-gallaudet-a-rhode-island-aircraft-pioneer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdson+Fessenden+Gallaudet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Timeline/1920-24.html">http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Timeline/1920-24.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190714112810/https://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Timeline/1920-24.html">Archived</a> July 14, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> NASA timeline</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edson_Fessenden_Gallaudet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Gallaudet%2C%20Edson%20Fessenden%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Gallaudet%2C%20Edson%20F%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Gallaudet%2C%20E%2E%20F%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Edson%20Fessenden%20Gallaudet%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Edson%20F%2E%20Gallaudet%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22E%2E%20F%2E%20Gallaudet%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Gallaudet%2C%20Edson%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Edson%20Gallaudet%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Edson%20Fessenden%20Gallaudet%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Edson%20F%2E%20Gallaudet%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22E%2E%20F%2E%20Gallaudet%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22E%2E%20Fessenden%20Gallaudet%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Gallaudet%2C%20Edson%20Fessenden%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Gallaudet%2C%20Edson%20F%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Gallaudet%2C%20E%2E%20F%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Gallaudet%2C%20E%2E%20Fessenden%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Edson%20Gallaudet%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Gallaudet%2C%20Edson%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Edson%20Fessenden%20Gallaudet%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Edson%20F%2E%20Gallaudet%22%20OR%20title%3A%22E%2E%20F%2E%20Gallaudet%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Edson%20Gallaudet%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Edson%20Fessenden%20Gallaudet%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Edson%20F%2E%20Gallaudet%22%20OR%20description%3A%22E%2E%20F%2E%20Gallaudet%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Gallaudet%2C%20Edson%20Fessenden%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Gallaudet%2C%20Edson%20F%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Edson%20Gallaudet%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Gallaudet%2C%20Edson%22%29%20OR%20%28%221871-1945%22%20AND%20Gallaudet%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Edson Fessenden Gallaudet</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070207080608/http://www.earlyaviators.com/ebjorkl1.htm">"The Early Birds"</a> mural by Justin Gruelle (Gallaudet is figure number 43 in mural key).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/history/q0001.shtml">Edson Gallaudet</a> at aerospaceweb.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlyaviators.com/egallaud.htm">Edson F. Gallaudet</a> at www.earlyaviators.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centennialofflight.net/essay/Aerospace/earlyU.S/Aero1.htm">The First U.S. Aircraft Manufacturing Companies</a> at www.centennialofflight.net</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070207080608/http://www.earlyaviators.com/ebjorkl1.htm">Early airplanes designed and built by Edson F. Gallaudet</a> at gallaudetfamily.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aerofiles.com/_ga.html">Gallaudet</a> at aerofiles.com</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070207080608/http://www.earlyaviators.com/ebjorkl1.htm">"The Gallaudet D-1 and the Gallaudet Drive Aircraft"</a>. Archived from the original on February 7, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Gallaudet+D-1+and+the+Gallaudet+Drive+Aircraft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earlyaviators.com%2Febjorkl1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdson+Fessenden+Gallaudet" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span> by Robert A. Gordon at web.archive.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130416074755/http://dspace.wrlc.org/doc/get/2041/56987/StudentLife-BicyclingMen-1885display.jpg">Edson Fessenden Gallaudet riding bicycle at age 13-14 (fourth from right)</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130416062408/http://dspace.wrlc.org/doc/show/2041/56987/detail.html">Additional information</a>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output 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