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id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> 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<span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rheumatism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumatiek" title="Rumatiek – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rumatiek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%85" title="روماتزم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روماتزم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7" title="বাত বিষ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বাত বিষ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reumatismu" title="Reumatismu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Reumatismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revmatizm" title="Revmatizm – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Revmatizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="روماتیزم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روماتیزم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97" title="বাতজনিত রোগ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাতজনিত রোগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Ревматизъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ревматизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reumatisme" title="Reumatisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Reumatisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revmatick%C3%A9_nemoci" title="Revmatické nemoci – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Revmatické nemoci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheuma" title="Rheuma – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rheuma" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuma" title="Reuma – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Reuma" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reumatismo" title="Reumatismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reumatismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C5%ADmatismo" title="Reŭmatismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Reŭmatismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erreumatismo" title="Erreumatismo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erreumatismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="روماتیسم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روماتیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhumatisme" title="Rhumatisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rhumatisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daitheacha" title="Daitheacha – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Daitheacha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reumatismo" title="Reumatismo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Reumatismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A5%98%EB%A8%B8%ED%8B%B0%EC%A6%98" title="류머티즘 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="류머티즘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D6%87%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Ռևմատիզմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռևմատիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="आमवात – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आमवात" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuma" title="Reuma – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Reuma" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reumatismo" title="Reumatismo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Reumatismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigt" title="Gigt – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gigt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reumatismo" title="Reumatismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Reumatismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F" title="שיגרון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שיגרון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="რევმატიზმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რევმატიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Ревматизм – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ревматизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumat%C3%AEzm" title="Rumatîzm – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rumatîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Ревматизм – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ревматизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reumatin%C4%97_liga" title="Reumatinė liga – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Reumatinė liga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuma" title="Reuma – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Reuma" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuma" title="Reuma – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Reuma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ревматизам – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ревматизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuma" title="Reuma – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Reuma" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%9E%E3%83%81" title="リウマチ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リウマチ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revmatisme" title="Revmatisme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Revmatisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revmatizm" title="Revmatizm – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Revmatizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choroby_reumatyczne" title="Choroby reumatyczne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Choroby reumatyczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reumatismo" title="Reumatismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reumatismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reumatism" title="Reumatism – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Reumatism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Ревматизм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ревматизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reumatizma" title="Reumatizma – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Reumatizma" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheumatism" title="Rheumatism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rheumatism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revmatizem" title="Revmatizem – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Revmatizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="باداری – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="باداری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Реуматичне болести – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Реуматичне болести" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9matik" title="Rématik – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Rématik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reumasairaus" title="Reumasairaus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Reumasairaus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reumatism" title="Reumatism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Reumatism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayuma" title="Rayuma – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rayuma" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azellim" title="Azellim – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Azellim" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Ревматизм – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ревматизм" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical conditions affecting the joints or connective tissue</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid 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ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Rheumatism" title="Special:EditPage/Rheumatism">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Rheumatism" title="Talk:Rheumatism">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Citation_style plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-citation_style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>has an unclear <a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs more <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">reliable medical references</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a> or relies too heavily on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Primary_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Primary sources">primary sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please review the contents of the article and <a 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Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. <small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Rheumatism%22">"Rheumatism"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Rheumatism%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Rheumatism%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Rheumatism%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Rheumatism%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Rheumatism%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/52px-Star_of_life.svg.png" decoding="async" width="52" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/77px-Star_of_life.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/103px-Star_of_life.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="192" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical condition</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Rheumatism</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Rheumatic disease</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Rheumatoid_arthritis_-_Swollen_finger_joint.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rheumatoid_arthritis_-_Swollen_finger_joint.jpg/220px-Rheumatoid_arthritis_-_Swollen_finger_joint.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rheumatoid_arthritis_-_Swollen_finger_joint.jpg/330px-Rheumatoid_arthritis_-_Swollen_finger_joint.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rheumatoid_arthritis_-_Swollen_finger_joint.jpg/440px-Rheumatoid_arthritis_-_Swollen_finger_joint.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Inflammation of <a href="/wiki/Synovial_membrane" title="Synovial membrane">synovial membrane</a> of the finger joint in case of <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rheumatology" title="Rheumatology">Rheumatology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Complication_(medicine)" title="Complication (medicine)">Complications</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Amplified_musculoskeletal_pain_syndrome" title="Amplified musculoskeletal pain syndrome">Amplified musculoskeletal pain syndrome</a><sup id="cite_ref-ChildrensHealth_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChildrensHealth-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Treatment</th><td class="infobox-data">None. Management of symptoms only.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Rheumatism</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/əm/: 'm' in 'rhythm'">əm</span></span>/</a></span></span> or <b>rheumatic disorders</b> are conditions causing <a href="/wiki/Chronic_pain" title="Chronic pain">chronic, often intermittent pain</a> affecting the <a href="/wiki/Joint" title="Joint">joints</a> or <a href="/wiki/Connective_tissue" title="Connective tissue">connective tissue</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rheumatism does not designate any specific disorder, but covers at least 200 different conditions, including <a href="/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis">arthritis</a> and "non-articular rheumatism", also known as "regional pain syndrome" or "soft tissue rheumatism".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a close overlap between the term <a href="/wiki/Soft_tissue#Disorders" title="Soft tissue">soft tissue disorder</a> and rheumatism.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes the term "soft tissue rheumatic disorders" is used to describe these conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term "Rheumatic Diseases" is used in <a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a> to refer to <a href="/wiki/Connective_tissue_disease" title="Connective tissue disease">connective tissue disorders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of rheumatism is called <a href="/wiki/Rheumatology" title="Rheumatology">rheumatology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheumatism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many rheumatic disorders of chronic, intermittent <a href="/wiki/Pain" title="Pain">pain</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Joint_pain" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint pain">joint pain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neck_pain" title="Neck pain">neck pain</a> or <a href="/wiki/Back_pain" title="Back pain">back pain</a>) have historically been caused by infectious diseases. Their <a href="/wiki/Etiology" title="Etiology">etiology</a> was unknown until the 20th century and not treatable. Postinfectious arthritis, also known as <a href="/wiki/Reactive_arthritis" title="Reactive arthritis">reactive arthritis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rheumatic_fever" title="Rheumatic fever">rheumatic fever</a> are other examples. </p><p>In the United States, major rheumatic disorders are divided into 10 major categories based on the nomenclature and classification proposed by the <a href="/wiki/American_College_of_Rheumatology" title="American College of Rheumatology">American College of Rheumatology</a> (ACR) in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Diffuse connective tissue diseases <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">Rheumatoid arthritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juvenile_arthritis" class="mw-redirect" title="Juvenile arthritis">Juvenile arthritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemic_lupus_erythematosus" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemic lupus erythematosus">Systemic lupus erythematosus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B6gren_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjögren syndrome">Sjögren syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scleroderma" title="Scleroderma">Scleroderma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymyositis" title="Polymyositis">Polymyositis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermatomyositis" title="Dermatomyositis">Dermatomyositis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beh%C3%A7et%27s_disease" title="Behçet's disease">Behçet's disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relapsing_polychondritis" title="Relapsing polychondritis">Relapsing polychondritis</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Arthritis associated with spondylitis (i.e. spondarthritis) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankylosing_spondylitis" title="Ankylosing spondylitis">Ankylosing spondylitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactive_arthritis" title="Reactive arthritis">Reactive arthritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psoriatic_arthritis" title="Psoriatic arthritis">Psoriatic arthritis</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteoarthritis" title="Osteoarthritis">Osteoarthritis</a> (i.e. osteoarthrosis, degenerative joint disease)</li> <li>Rheumatic syndromes associated with infectious agents (direct and indirect or reactive)</li> <li>Metabolic and endocrine diseases associated with rheumatic states <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gout" title="Gout">Gout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pseudogout" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudogout">pseudogout</a></li></ul></li> <li>Neoplasms</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasculitis" title="Vasculitis">Neurovascular disorders</a></li> <li>Bone and cartilage disorders</li> <li>Extraarticular disorders <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bursitis" title="Bursitis">Bursitis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tendinitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tendinitis">Tendinitis</a> of the shoulder, wrist, biceps, leg, knee cap (patella), ankle, hip, and Achilles tendon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsulitis" title="Capsulitis">Capsulitis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Miscellaneous disorders associated with articular manifestations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palindromic_rheumatism" title="Palindromic rheumatism">Palindromic rheumatism</a> is thought to be a form of <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheumatism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Diagnosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blood and urine tests will measure levels of creatinine and uric acid to determine kidney function, an elevation of the <a href="/wiki/Erythrocyte_sedimentation_rate" title="Erythrocyte sedimentation rate">ESR</a> and <a href="/wiki/C-reactive_protein" title="C-reactive protein">CRP</a> is possible. After a purine-restricted diet, another urine test will help determine whether the body is producing too much uric acid or the body isn't excreting enough uric acid. <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_factor" title="Rheumatoid factor">Rheumatoid factor</a> may be present, especially in the group that is likely to develop <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a>. A fine needle is used to draw fluid from a joint to determine if there is any build-up of fluid. The presence of uric acid crystals in the fluid would indicate gout. In many cases there may be no specific test, and it is often a case of eliminating other conditions before getting a correct diagnosis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Management">Management</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheumatism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Initial therapy of the major rheumatological diseases is with <a href="/wiki/Analgesics" class="mw-redirect" title="Analgesics">analgesics</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Acetaminophen" class="mw-redirect" title="Acetaminophen">paracetamol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Non-steroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug">non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</a> (NSAIDs). Steroids, especially <a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid" title="Glucocorticoid">glucocorticoids</a>, and stronger analgesics are often required for more severe cases.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheumatism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>rheumatism</i> stems from the <a href="/wiki/Late_Latin" title="Late Latin">Late Latin</a> <i>rheumatismus</i>, ultimately from Greek ῥευματίζομαι "to suffer from a flux", with <i><a href="/wiki/Rheum" title="Rheum">rheum</a></i> meaning bodily fluids, i.e., any discharge of blood or bodily fluid. </p><p>Before the 17th century, the joint pain which was thought to be caused by viscous <a href="/wiki/Humorism" title="Humorism">humours</a> seeping into the joints was always referred to as <a href="/wiki/Gout" title="Gout">gout</a>, a word adopted in <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> from <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> <i>gote</i> "a drop; the gout, rheumatism".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The English term <i>rheumatism</i> in the current sense has been in use since the late 17th century, as it was believed that chronic joint pain was caused by excessive flow of <i><a href="/wiki/Rheum" title="Rheum">rheum</a></i> which means bodily fluids into a joint.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheumatism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corbett%27s_electrostatic_machine" title="Corbett's electrostatic machine">Corbett's electrostatic machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheumatism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ChildrensHealth-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChildrensHealth_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.childrens.com/specialties-services/conditions/amplified-musculoskeletal-pain-syndrome-amps">"Amplified Musculoskeletal Pain Syndrome (AMPS)"</a>. Children's Health.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amplified+Musculoskeletal+Pain+Syndrome+%28AMPS%29&rft.pub=Children%27s+Health&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.childrens.com%2Fspecialties-services%2Fconditions%2Famplified-musculoskeletal-pain-syndrome-amps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheumatism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFulghum_Bruce" class="citation web cs1">Fulghum Bruce, Debra. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webmd.com/rheumatoid-arthritis/an-overview-of-rheumatic-diseases">"Rheumatic Diseases: Types, Causes, and Diagnosis"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/WebMD" title="WebMD">WebMD</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WebMD&rft.atitle=Rheumatic+Diseases%3A+Types%2C+Causes%2C+and+Diagnosis&rft.aulast=Fulghum+Bruce&rft.aufirst=Debra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Frheumatoid-arthritis%2Fan-overview-of-rheumatic-diseases&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheumatism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYoung2019" class="citation book cs1">Young, Phil (2019). "Rheumatic disorders". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315384801-14/rheumatic-disorders-phil-young"><i>Therapeutics in Pregnancy and Lactation</i></a> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">177–</span>192. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315384801-14">10.4324/9781315384801-14</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-31538-480-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-31538-480-1"><bdi>978-1-31538-480-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:35895471">35895471</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rheumatic+disorders&rft.btitle=Therapeutics+in+Pregnancy+and+Lactation&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E177-%3C%2Fspan%3E192&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A35895471%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315384801-14&rft.isbn=978-1-31538-480-1&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fchapters%2Fedit%2F10.4324%2F9781315384801-14%2Frheumatic-disorders-phil-young&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheumatism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAltorokNadaNagarajaKahaleh2016" class="citation book cs1">Altorok, Nezam; Nada, Shigeyuki; Nagaraja, Vivek; Kahaleh, Bashar (2016-06-15). "Epigenetics in Bone and Joint Disorders". In Tollefsbol, Trygve O. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3D__jgEACAAJ"><i>Medical Epigenetics</i></a> (Illustrated ed.). <a href="/wiki/Academic_Press" title="Academic Press">Academic Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">295–</span>314. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-12-803239-8.00017-X">10.1016/B978-0-12-803239-8.00017-X</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12803-239-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12803-239-8"><bdi>978-0-12803-239-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Epigenetics+in+Bone+and+Joint+Disorders&rft.btitle=Medical+Epigenetics&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E295-%3C%2Fspan%3E314&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2016-06-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-0-12-803239-8.00017-X&rft.isbn=978-0-12803-239-8&rft.aulast=Altorok&rft.aufirst=Nezam&rft.au=Nada%2C+Shigeyuki&rft.au=Nagaraja%2C+Vivek&rft.au=Kahaleh%2C+Bashar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3D__jgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheumatism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRao2019" class="citation journal cs1">Rao, Sudha (2019-01-24). Diamond, Herbert S. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/334141-overview">"Nonarticular Rheumatism/Regional Pain Syndrome"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/EMedicine" title="EMedicine">eMedicine</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=eMedicine&rft.atitle=Nonarticular+Rheumatism%2FRegional+Pain+Syndrome&rft.date=2019-01-24&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=Sudha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Femedicine.medscape.com%2Farticle%2F334141-overview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheumatism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMahroos2021" class="citation book cs1">Mahroos, Roaa (2021). "Soft Tissue Rheumatic Disorders". In Almoallim, Hani; Cheikh, Mohamed (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TXgSEAAAQBAJ"><i>Skills in Rheumatology</i></a>. Singapore: <a href="/wiki/Springer_Publishing" title="Springer Publishing">Springer</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">461–</span>474. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-981-15-8323-0_22">10.1007/978-981-15-8323-0_22</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-81158-323-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-81158-323-0"><bdi>978-9-81158-323-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36315810">36315810</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:234306241">234306241</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Soft+Tissue+Rheumatic+Disorders&rft.btitle=Skills+in+Rheumatology&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E461-%3C%2Fspan%3E474&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-981-15-8323-0_22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A234306241%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36315810&rft.isbn=978-9-81158-323-0&rft.aulast=Mahroos&rft.aufirst=Roaa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTXgSEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheumatism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKushner" class="citation web cs1">Kushner, Irving. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UpToDate&rft.atitle=Overview+of+soft+tissue+rheumatic+disorders&rft.aulast=Kushner&rft.aufirst=Irving&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uptodate.com%2Fpatients%2Fcontent%2Ftopic.do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheumatism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=Rheumatic+Diseases">Rheumatic+Diseases</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090628224336/http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/seven/000092798.htm">"rheumatism"</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Dorland%27s_medical_reference_works" title="Dorland's medical reference works">Dorland's Medical Dictionary</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDecker1983" class="citation journal cs1">Decker, John Laws (August 1983). 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Terrier, Benjamin; Mouthon, Luc; Costedoat-Chalumeau, Nathalie; Guillevin, Loïc; Le Jeunne, Claire (March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00951203">"Relapsing polychondritis"</a>. <i>Joint, Bone, Spine: Revue du Rhumatisme</i>. <b>81</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a>: <span class="nowrap">118–</span>124. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jbspin.2014.01.001">10.1016/j.jbspin.2014.01.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24556284">24556284</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205754989">205754989</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Joint%2C+Bone%2C+Spine%3A+Revue+du+Rhumatisme&rft.atitle=Relapsing+polychondritis.&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E118-%3C%2Fspan%3E124&rft.date=2014-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A205754989%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24556284&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jbspin.2014.01.001&rft.aulast=Pu%C3%A9chal&rft.aufirst=Xavier&rft.au=Terrier%2C+Benjamin&rft.au=Mouthon%2C+Luc&rft.au=Costedoat-Chalumeau%2C+Nathalie&rft.au=Guillevin%2C+Lo%C3%AFc&rft.au=Le+Jeunne%2C+Claire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hal.inserm.fr%2Finserm-00951203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheumatism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMurphyTraversWalportWalter2010" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Kenneth; Travers, Paul; Walport, Mark; Walter, Peter (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NUSToAEACAAJ"><i>Janeway's Immunobiology</i></a> (7th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-81534-457-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-81534-457-5"><bdi>978-0-81534-457-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Janeway%27s+Immunobiology&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-81534-457-5&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.au=Travers%2C+Paul&rft.au=Walport%2C+Mark&rft.au=Walter%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNUSToAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheumatism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSalvadorGómez-CentenoViñasErcilla2003" class="citation journal cs1">Salvador, Georgina; Gómez-Centeno, Antonio Domingo; Viñas, Octavi; Ercilla, Guadalupe; Cañete, Juan De Dios; Muñoz-Gómez, José; Sanmartí, Raimon (August 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Frheumatology%2Fkeg268">"Prevalence and clinical significance of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide and antikeratin antibodies in palindromic rheumatism. An abortive form of rheumatoid arthritis?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rheumatology_(journal)" title="Rheumatology (journal)">Rheumatology (Oxford)</a></i>. <b>42</b> (8): <span class="nowrap">972–</span>975. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Frheumatology%2Fkeg268">10.1093/rheumatology/keg268</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12730510">12730510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rheumatology+%28Oxford%29&rft.atitle=Prevalence+and+clinical+significance+of+anti-cyclic+citrullinated+peptide+and+antikeratin+antibodies+in+palindromic+rheumatism.+An+abortive+form+of+rheumatoid+arthritis%3F&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E972-%3C%2Fspan%3E975&rft.date=2003-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Frheumatology%2Fkeg268&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12730510&rft.aulast=Salvador&rft.aufirst=Georgina&rft.au=G%C3%B3mez-Centeno%2C+Antonio+Domingo&rft.au=Vi%C3%B1as%2C+Octavi&rft.au=Ercilla%2C+Guadalupe&rft.au=Ca%C3%B1ete%2C+Juan+De+Dios&rft.au=Mu%C3%B1oz-G%C3%B3mez%2C+Jos%C3%A9&rft.au=Sanmart%C3%AD%2C+Raimon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Frheumatology%252Fkeg268&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheumatism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFButtgereit2020" class="citation journal cs1">Buttgereit, Frank (19 February 2020). "Views on glucocorticoid therapy in rheumatology: the age of convergence". <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_Reviews_Rheumatology" title="Nature Reviews Rheumatology">Nature Reviews Rheumatology</a></i>. <b>16</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">239–</span>246. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41584-020-0370-z">10.1038/s41584-020-0370-z</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32076129">32076129</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:211194682">211194682</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews+Rheumatology&rft.atitle=Views+on+glucocorticoid+therapy+in+rheumatology%3A+the+age+of+convergence&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E239-%3C%2Fspan%3E246&rft.date=2020-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A211194682%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32076129&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41584-020-0370-z&rft.aulast=Buttgereit&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheumatism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarnhart1988" class="citation book cs1">Barnhart, Robert K. (1988). Barnhart, Robert K.; Steinmetz, Sol; Wilson, Halsey William (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mFAYAAAAIAAJ"><i>Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/H._W._Wilson_Company" title="H. W. Wilson Company">H. W. Wilson Company</a>. <q>The meaning of a disease of the joints is first recorded in 1688, because rheumatism was thought to be caused by an excessive flow of rheum into a joint thereby stretching ligaments</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Barnhart+Dictionary+of+Etymology&rft.pub=H.+W.+Wilson+Company&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Barnhart&rft.aufirst=Robert+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmFAYAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheumatism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheumatism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCallan2011" class="citation book cs1">Callan, Margaret (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1-hpDQAAQBAJ"><i>The Rheumatology Handbook</i></a>. 15th World Congress of Pain Clinicians, (WSPC 2012) (Illustrated ed.). <a href="/wiki/World_Scientific" title="World Scientific">World Scientific</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84816-320-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84816-320-1"><bdi>978-1-84816-320-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rheumatology+Handbook&rft.series=15th+World+Congress+of+Pain+Clinicians%2C+%28WSPC+2012%29&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84816-320-1&rft.aulast=Callan&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1-hpDQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheumatism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheumatism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rheumatology.org/">American College of Rheumatology</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150116000259/http://niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Arthritis/default.asp">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</a> - US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q684924" class="extiw" title="d:Q684924">D</a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/M79.0">M79.0</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes" title="List of ICD-9 codes">9-CM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=729.0">729.0</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D012216">D012216</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Soft_tissue_disorders72" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th 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class="mw-redirect" title="Soft tissue disorder">Soft tissue disorders</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capsular<br />joint</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Synovial_membrane" title="Synovial membrane">Synoviopathy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synovitis" title="Synovitis">Synovitis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tenosynovitis" title="Tenosynovitis">Tenosynovitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcific_tendinitis" title="Calcific tendinitis">Calcific tendinitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigger_finger" title="Trigger finger">Stenosing tenosynovitis (Trigger finger)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Quervain_syndrome" title="De Quervain syndrome">De Quervain syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transient_synovitis" title="Transient synovitis">Transient synovitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganglion_cyst" title="Ganglion cyst">Ganglion cyst</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Osteochondromatosis" title="Osteochondromatosis">osteochondromatosis</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synovial_osteochondromatosis" title="Synovial osteochondromatosis">Synovial osteochondromatosis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plica_syndrome" title="Plica syndrome">Plica syndrome</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Villonodular_synovitis" title="Villonodular synovitis">villonodular synovitis</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenosynovial_giant_cell_tumor" title="Tenosynovial giant cell tumor">Tenosynovial giant cell tumor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Synovial_bursa" title="Synovial bursa">Bursopathy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bursitis" title="Bursitis">Bursitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olecranon_bursitis" title="Olecranon bursitis">Olecranon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepatellar_bursitis" title="Prepatellar bursitis">Prepatellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_trochanteric_pain_syndrome" title="Greater trochanteric pain syndrome">Trochanteric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subacromial_bursitis" title="Subacromial bursitis">Subacromial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achilles_bursitis" title="Achilles bursitis">Achilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrocalcaneal_bursitis" title="Retrocalcaneal bursitis">Retrocalcaneal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ischial_bursitis" title="Ischial bursitis">Ischial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iliopsoas_bursitis" title="Iliopsoas bursitis">Iliopsoas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganglion_cyst" title="Ganglion cyst">Synovial cyst</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baker%27s_cyst" title="Baker's cyst">Baker's cyst</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcific_bursitis" title="Calcific bursitis">Calcific bursitis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Noncapsular<br />joint</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symptoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ligamentous_laxity" title="Ligamentous laxity">Ligamentous laxity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermobility_(joints)" title="Hypermobility (joints)">Hypermobility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enthesopathy" title="Enthesopathy">Enthesopathy</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Enthesitis" title="Enthesitis">Enthesitis</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Tendinopathy" title="Tendinopathy">Tendinopathy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>upper limb</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhesive_capsulitis_of_the_shoulder" title="Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder">Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_impingement_syndrome" title="Shoulder impingement syndrome">Shoulder impingement syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_injury_related_to_vaccine_administration" title="Shoulder injury related to vaccine administration">Shoulder injury related to vaccine administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotator_cuff_tear" title="Rotator cuff tear">Rotator cuff tear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golfer%27s_elbow" title="Golfer's elbow">Golfer's elbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennis_elbow" title="Tennis elbow">Tennis elbow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>lower limb</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iliotibial_band_syndrome" title="Iliotibial band syndrome">Iliotibial band syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patellar_tendinitis" title="Patellar tendinitis">Patellar tendinitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achilles_tendinitis" title="Achilles tendinitis">Achilles tendinitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcaneal_spur" title="Calcaneal spur">Calcaneal spur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metatarsalgia" title="Metatarsalgia">Metatarsalgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteophyte" title="Osteophyte">Bone spur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>other/general:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tendinitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tendinitis">Tendinitis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tendinosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tendinosis">Tendinosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nonjoint</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascia" title="Fascia">Fasciopathy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fasciitis" title="Fasciitis">Fasciitis</a>: <a href="/wiki/Plantar_fasciitis" title="Plantar fasciitis">Plantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nodular_fasciitis" title="Nodular fasciitis">Nodular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necrotizing_fasciitis" title="Necrotizing fasciitis">Necrotizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eosinophilic_fasciitis" title="Eosinophilic fasciitis">Eosinophilic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fibromatosis" title="Fibromatosis">Fibromatosis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Contracture" title="Contracture">contracture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dupuytren%27s_contracture" title="Dupuytren's contracture">Dupuytren's contracture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantar_fibromatosis" title="Plantar fibromatosis">Plantar fibromatosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aggressive_fibromatosis" title="Aggressive fibromatosis">Aggressive fibromatosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuckle_pads" title="Knuckle pads">Knuckle pads</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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