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It was designated a [[Grade II* listed]] structure in 1956, and a [[scheduled monument]] in 1950.<ref name=nhle/><ref name=nhlesched/><ref name="IoE">{{NHLE |num=1214434 |desc=Monument to Sir Bevil Grenville |access-date=20 July 2009}}</ref> The monument commemorates the heroism of the [[English Civil War|Civil War]] [[Royalist]] commander Sir [[Bevil Grenville]] (1596–1643) of [[Stowe, Kilkhampton]] in Cornwall and [[Bideford]] in Devon, who on 5 July 1643 fell mortally wounded at the [[Battle of Lansdowne]], leading his regiment of [[Cornwall|Cornish]] [[Pike (weapon)|pikemen]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/sir-bevil-grenvilles-monument/|title=Sir Bevil Grenville's Monument|publisher=English Heritage|access-date=20 July 2009}}</ref> It was erected by Grenville's grandson and has been maintained by his descendants. This has included the repair of inscriptions carved on the base of the monument, eulogising Grenville and his forces. ==Background== {{main|Battle of Lansdowne}} The [[Battle of Lansdowne]] took place on 5 July 1643 during the [[English Civil War|Civil War]]. The [[Cavalier|Royalists]] under [[Ralph Hopton, 1st Baron Hopton|Lord Hopton]] attacked the [[Roundhead|Parliamentarians]] led by Sir [[William Waller]] who occupied a commanding position on [[Lansdown Hill|Lansdowne Hill]]. Under the leadership of Sir [[Bevil Grenville]], Hopton's [[Cornwall|Cornish]] [[Pike (weapon)|pikemen]] stormed Waller's breastworks, while Royalist musketeers outflanked Waller by passing through the woods on each side of his position. Grenville was mortally wounded in hand-to-hand combat as Parliamentarian horse counter-attacked and were driven off.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.battlefieldstrust.com/resource-centre/civil-war/battleview.asp?BattleFieldId=21 | publisher=The Battlefields Trust |title= The Battle of Lansdown Hill | access-date=9 January 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101212171037/http://battlefieldstrust.com/resource-centre/civil-war/battleview.asp?BattleFieldId=21| archive-date= 12 December 2010| url-status= live}}</ref> {{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=580}} He received a mortal blow to the head with a [[pollaxe]] and was taken to the [[rectory]] at nearby [[Cold Ashton]] where he died.{{sfn|Barratt|2005|pp=53–56 }} ==History== The monument was erected in 1720 by [[George Granville, 1st Baron Lansdowne]] (1666–1735), grandson of Sir Bevil and [[Line of hereditary succession|heir male]] to [[William Granville, 3rd Earl of Bath]] (d.1711), great-grandson of Sir Bevil and the last male in the senior line of the family.<ref>Corrected from "Henry", {{cite web|title=History and Research: Sir Beville Grenville's Monument|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/sir-bevil-grenvilles-monument/history-and-research/|publisher=English Heritage|access-date=20 January 2015}}</ref>{{sfn|Round|1930|p=141}} In 1714 Baron Lansdowne had erected a mural monument to Sir Bevil in the Grenville Chapel in the Church of St James the Great, [[Kilkhampton]], Cornwall, in which parish was situated the Grenville seat of [[Stowe, Kilkhampton|Stowe]].{{sfn|Round|1930|p=142}} The monument has been repaired several times, in 1777, 1828 and 1879, each time funded by Granville's descendants. Note that the original spelling was Bevil Granville but today Grenville or Greville are commonly used.<ref>{{cite news|title=Repair Needed. Westcountry interest in an old monument|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000329/19251006/030/0004|work=Western Morning News|date=6 October 1925|page=4| via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref> ==Description== [[File:Lansdown monument.jpg|thumb|1783 Drawing by [[Samuel Hieronymus Grimm]], British Library, Add. MS 15547, f.64]] The monument is of [[ashlar]] stone masonry, 25&nbsp;feet (7.6&nbsp;m) high, in the [[English Baroque]] style. On the south side is a slate tablet inscribed with a quotation from the account by [[Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon|Lord Clarendon]] (1609–1674) in his ''History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England'' of the [[Battle of Lansdowne]] (1643).<ref name=nhle>{{National Heritage List for England |num=1214434 |desc=Monument to Sir Bevil Grenville at NGR ST 7219 7034|access-date=5 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{PastScape | mnumber=1072442|mname=Sir Bevil Grenvilles Monument|access-date=21 April 2014}}</ref> On the north side are two poems. On top is a griffin (the [[Crest (heraldry)|crest]] and [[supporter]]s of the Grenvilles) holding an escutcheon displaying the Grenville coat of arms: ''Gules, three [[Clarion (heraldry)|clarions]] or''.<ref>As seen on the mural monument to Sir Bevil Grenville in [[Kilkhampton#Kilkhampton Church|Kilkhampton Church]], (crest: ''a griffin passant or'')</ref> On another side are shown the [[Royal Arms of England|Royal Arms]] of King [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] (1660–1685) [[Supporter|supported]] by the arms of Sir Bevil's eldest son and heir [[John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath]] (1628–1701) and by the arms of the latter's half first cousin General [[George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle]], [[Order of the Garter|KG]] (1608–1670).{{sfn|Round|1930|p=142}} Monck was the principal figure behind the [[Restoration (England)|Restoration of the Monarchy]] to King Charles II in 1660, in effecting which he was much assisted by Sir John Grenville, for which services both were elevated to the peerage.{{sfn|Round|1930|p=163}} ==Inscription== The ''Elegy on Sir Bevil Grenville'' by [[William Cartwright (dramatist)|William Cartwright]], a fellow Royalist, who died shortly after Sir Bevil on 29 November 1643, is inscribed on the monument:<ref>{{cite web|title=History and Research: Sir Bevil Grenville's Monument|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/sir-bevil-grenvilles-monument/history-and-research/|publisher=English Heritage|access-date=21 April 2014}}</ref> <blockquote> This was not Nature’s courage nor that thing, <br /> We valour call which Time and Reason bring, <br /> But a diviner fury fierce and high, <br /> Valour transported into Ecstasy.<br /> </blockquote> ==References== {{Reflist |colwidth=30em}} ==Bibliography== * {{Cite book|last=Barratt |first=John |year=2005 |title=The civil war in the south west |publisher=Pen & Sword Military|location=Bernsley |isbn=1-84415-146-8 }} * {{cite EB1911|wstitle= Grenville, Sir Bevil | volume= 12 | page = 580; last sentence |quote= A monument to him has been erected on the field of Lansdown|last1= Chisholm |first1= Hugh }} * {{cite book|last1=Round|first1=J. Horace|authorlink=J. Horace Round|editor1-last=Page |editor1-first=William|title=Family Origins And Other Studies|chapter=The Granvilles and the Monks|date=1930|publisher=Constable & Co}} ==External links== {{Commons category-inline|Sir Bevil Grenville's monument}} {{Good article}} [[Category:1720 works]] [[Category:Buildings and structures in Bath, Somerset]] [[Category:History of Bath, Somerset]] [[Category:English Heritage sites in Somerset]] [[Category:Monuments and memorials in Somerset]] [[Category:Grade II* listed buildings in Bath and North East Somerset]] [[Category:Scheduled monuments in Bath and North East Somerset]] [[Category:Grade II* listed monuments and memorials]] [[Category:English Civil War]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">help</a>)</span>:</span> 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