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psychology</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: political psychology"> <meta name="keywords" content="political psychology"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="political psychology"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3247</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: political psychology</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3247</span> Fear of Isolation, Online Efficacy, and Selective Exposure in Online Political Discourse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyujin%20Shim">Kyujin Shim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores how individual motivations in political psychology will lead to political expression and online discourse, and how those online political discourses result in individuals’ exposure to extreme/ personally-entertaining/ disinhibiting content. This study argues that a new framework beyond the conventional paradigm (e.g., selective exposure based on partisanship/ ideology) is needed for better grasp of non-ideological/ anarchic, and/or of nonpartisan yet anonymity-/ extremity-/ disinhibition-related online behaviors regarding political conversations. Further, this study proposes a new definition of ‘selective exposure,’ with special attention to online efficacy and psychological motivations/gratifications sought in the online sphere. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20exposure" title="selective exposure">selective exposure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fear%20of%20isolation" title=" fear of isolation"> fear of isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20psychology" title=" political psychology"> political psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20discourse" title=" online discourse"> online discourse</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57638/fear-of-isolation-online-efficacy-and-selective-exposure-in-online-political-discourse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3246</span> Current Account on Teaching Psychology and Career Psychology in Portuguese Higher Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sivia%20Amado%20Cordeiro">Sivia Amado Cordeiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruna%20Rodrigues"> Bruna Rodrigues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Do%20Ceu%20Taveira"> Maria Do Ceu Taveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catia%20Marques"> Catia Marques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iris%20Oliveira"> Iris Oliveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Daniela%20Silva"> Ana Daniela Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristina%20Costa-Lobo"> Cristina Costa-Lobo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work intends to analyse the teaching of Psychology in Portugal and, particularly, the teaching of Career Psychology, reflecting about the changes that have occurred to date. Were analysed the educational offerings of 31 Portuguese higher education institutions, 12 public and 19 private, who teach the course of Psychology. The three degrees of study were considered, namely, bachelors, masters and doctoral. The analysis of the data focused on the curricular plans of the different degrees of studies in Psychology made available online by higher education institutions. Through them, we identified the curricular units with themes related to the teaching of Career Psychology. The results show the existence of 89 higher psychology courses in Portugal, distributed throughout the three degrees of studies. Concerning to the teaching of Career Psychology there were registered 49 curricular units with themes dedicated to this area of knowledge. There were identified 16 curricular units in the bachelor’s degree, 31 in master’s degree, and two in doctoral degree. It was observed a reduction in the number of degrees in Psychology in the last nine years in Portugal. We discuss the current situation of Psychology teaching, particularly the teaching of Career Psychology. The aim is to stimulate reflection about future perspectives of Psychology teaching, and specifically, specialized training in Psychology of Career, in Portugal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=career%20psychology" title="career psychology">career psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychology" title=" psychology"> psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Portugal" title=" Portugal"> Portugal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72737/current-account-on-teaching-psychology-and-career-psychology-in-portuguese-higher-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72737.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3245</span> A Unified Theory of the Primary Psychological and Social Sciences </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20McMillan">George McMillan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces the methodology to create a baseline equation for the philosophical and social sciences in the behavioral-political-economic-demographic sequence. The two major ideological political-economic philosophies (Hume-Smith and Marx-Engels) are systematized into competing integrated three dimensional behavioral-political-economic models. The paper argues that Hume-Smith’s empathy-sympathy behavioral assumptions are a sufficient starting point to create the integrated causal model sought by Tooby and Cosmides. The author then shows that the prerequisite advances in psychology and demographic studies now exist to generate the universal economic theory sought by von Neumann-Morgenstern and the integrated behavioral-economic method of Gintis—a psychological (i.e., behavioral) socio-economic model. By updating Hume-Smith’s work with a modern understanding of psychology, as presented by Fromm and others, a new integrated societal model as postulated by Harsanyi can be created that intertwines the social and psychological sciences. The author argues that this fundamentally psychology-based model also can serve as a baseline equation for all social sciences as desired by Kant and Mach, as well as the ahistorical (psychological) philosophic model noted by Husserl, Heidegger, Tillich, and Strauss. The author concludes with a discussion of the necessary next steps to generating a detailed model that fuses these disciplines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Unified%20Social%20Theory" title="Unified Social Theory">Unified Social Theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29168/a-unified-theory-of-the-primary-psychological-and-social-sciences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29168.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3244</span> Right-Wing Narratives Associated with Cognitive Predictors of Radicalization: Direct User Engagement Drives Radicalization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julius%20Brejohn%20Calvert">Julius Brejohn Calvert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This Study Aimed to Investigate the Ecological Nature of Extremism Online. The Construction of a Far-Right Ecosystem Was Successful Using a Sample of Posts, Each With Separate Narrative Domains. Most of the Content Expressed Anti-black Racism and Pro-white Sentiments. Many Posts Expressed an Overt Disdain for the Recent Progress Made Regarding the United States and the United Kingdom’s Expansion of Civil Liberties to People of Color (Poc). Of Special Note, Several Anti-lgbt Posts Targeted the Ongoing Political Grievances Expressed by the Transgender Community. Overall, the Current Study Is Able to Demonstrate That Direct Measures of User Engagement, Such as Shares and Reactions, Can Be Used to Predict the Effect of a Post’s Radicalization Capabilities, Although Single Posts Do Not Operate on the Cognitive Processes of Radicalization Alone. In This Analysis, the Data Supports a Theoretical Framework Where Individual Posts Have a Higher Radicalization Capability Based on the Amount of User Engagement (Both Indirect and Direct) It Receives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20psychology" title="cognitive psychology">cognitive psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20radicalization" title=" cognitive radicalization"> cognitive radicalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extremism%20online" title=" extremism online"> extremism online</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domestic%20extremism" title=" domestic extremism"> domestic extremism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20science" title=" political science"> political science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20psychology" title=" political psychology"> political psychology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165570/right-wing-narratives-associated-with-cognitive-predictors-of-radicalization-direct-user-engagement-drives-radicalization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165570.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3243</span> The Need for Educational Psychology in Teacher Education for Sustainable Transformation and Security in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaltume%20Kabir%20Sharrif">Kaltume Kabir Sharrif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Teacher education is the bedrock of educational growth and development of any nation. With development in education all human problems can be overcome. Educational Psychology, on the other hand, is in a strategic position for any programme in teacher education to be successful hence other aspects of societal issues. In other words, no teacher education can be of any help in ensuring transformation and security without adequate study in Educational Psychology. Without adequate knowledge and skills in Educational Psychology the teacher may not function effectively in the course of discharging his duty. It is in view of this, that the paper discusses some aspects of Educational Psychology that are of paramount importance in teacher education for sustainable transformation and security of Nigeria. Some recommendations were offered on the role educational psychology play in resolving security challenges facing the country. These include enriching educational psychology with topics from forensic psychology that will provide the teacher the skills of fighting crime in the school, Behavioural Science Unit should be established in each school to monitor the behavior of students, among others. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformation" title="transformation">transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20challenges" title=" security challenges"> security challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20education" title=" teacher education"> teacher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20psychology" title=" educational psychology"> educational psychology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23923/the-need-for-educational-psychology-in-teacher-education-for-sustainable-transformation-and-security-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3242</span> Investor’s Psychology in Investment Decision Making in Context of Behavioural Finance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jhansi%20Rani%20Boda">Jhansi Rani Boda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Sunitha"> G. Sunitha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Worldwide, the financial markets are influenced by several factors such as the changes in economic and political processes that occur in the country and the globe, information diffusion and approachability and so on. Yet, the foremost important factor is the investor’s reaction and perception. For an individual investor, decision-making process can be perceived as a continuous process that has significant impact of their psychology while making investment decisions. Behavioral finance relies on research of human and social recognition and emotional tolerance studies to identify and understand the investment decisions. This article aims to report the research of individual investor’s financial behavior in a historical perspective. This article uncovers the investor’s psychology in investment decision making focusing on the investor’s rationality with an explanation of psychological and emotional factors that affect investing. The results of the study are revealed by means of Graphical visualization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavioral%20finance" title="behavioral finance">behavioral finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychology" title=" psychology"> psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investor%E2%80%99s%20behavior" title=" investor’s behavior"> investor’s behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20and%20emotional%20factors" title=" psychological and emotional factors"> psychological and emotional factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77142/investors-psychology-in-investment-decision-making-in-context-of-behavioural-finance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77142.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3241</span> Cultural Psychology in Sports: How Understanding Culture May Help Sports Psychologists Augment Athletic Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Upasana%20Ranjib">Upasana Ranjib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sports psychology, as a niche area, has, since the last two decades, found for itself a space within the outer peripheries of the discipline of traditional psychology. It has aimed to understand the many variables that push athletes to enhance their performances. While sociological aspects have been duly represented in academia, little has been written about the role of culture in shaping the psyche of athletes. The impact that cultures of different communities and societies have towards specifics like gender, castes, religion and race and how that helps evolve an individual has not been fully addressed. In the case of Sport, culture has made itself felt in the form of stereotypes, traditional outlooks towards sects and its implication on the engagement with sports. Culture is an environment that an individual imbibes. It is what shapes him, physically as well as mentally. Their nurture and nature both stem from it and depend on it. To realize the linkages between their nurture, nature and sports efficiency, cultural studies must collaborate in scholarship with psychology and practical sports. Cultural sports psychology would allow sports psychologists, coaches and even athletes themselves to understand the behavioural variations that affect their performance. The variations in the performance of athletes from different cultures and countries could be attributed to their socio-political, economic and environmental differences. These cultural influences shape and impact the athlete's behaviour and might lead as a gateway to understanding their skill sets and internal motivational factors. With that knowledge in mind, this paper aims to understand and reflect on how, in the present times of heavy sporting competition, shifting cultural equations and changing world dynamics, it is mandatory to infuse Cultural Studies with Sports Psychology to understand how Sports Psychologists can help and augment the performances of athletes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sporting%20performance" title="sporting performance">sporting performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asian%20sports" title=" Asian sports"> Asian sports</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sports%20psychology" title=" sports psychology"> sports psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20psychology" title=" cultural psychology"> cultural psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=society" title=" society"> society</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168476/cultural-psychology-in-sports-how-understanding-culture-may-help-sports-psychologists-augment-athletic-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3240</span> A Model of Applied Psychology Research Defining Community Participation and Collective Identity as a Major Asset for Strategic Planning and Political Decision: The Project SIA (Social Inclusion through Accessibility)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rui%20Ser%C3%B4dio">Rui Serôdio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandra%20Serra"> Alexandra Serra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Albino%20Lima"> José Albino Lima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lu%C3%ADsa%20Catita"> Luísa Catita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paula%20Lopes"> Paula Lopes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We will present the outline of the Project SIA (Social Inclusion through Accessibility) focusing in one of its core components: how our applied research model contributes to define community participation as a pillar for strategic and political agenda amongst local authorities. Project ISA, supported by EU regional funding, was design as part of a broader model developed by SIMLab–Social Inclusion Monitoring Laboratory, in which the relation University-Community is a core element. The project illustrates how University of Porto developed a large scale project of applied psychology research in a close partnership with 18 municipalities that cover almost all regions of Portugal, and with a private architecture enterprise, specialized in inclusive accessibility and “design for all”. Three fundamental goals were defined: (1) creation of a model that would promote the effective civic participation of local citizens; (2) the “voice” of such participation should be both individual and collective; (3) the scientific and technical framework should serve as one of the bases for political decision on inclusive accessibility local planning. The two main studies were run in a standardized model across all municipalities and the samples of the three modalities of community participation were the following: individual participation based on 543 semi-structured interviews and 6373 inquiries; collective participation based on group session with 302 local citizens. We present some of the broader findings of Project SIA and discuss how they relate to our applied research model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=applied%20psychology" title="applied psychology">applied psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collective%20identity" title=" collective identity"> collective identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20participation" title=" community participation"> community participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusive%20accessibility" title=" inclusive accessibility"> inclusive accessibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27740/a-model-of-applied-psychology-research-defining-community-participation-and-collective-identity-as-a-major-asset-for-strategic-planning-and-political-decision-the-project-sia-social-inclusion-through-accessibility" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27740.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3239</span> Teaching English as a Second/Foreign Language Under Humanistic and Sociocultural Psychology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahrukh%20Baig">Mahrukh Baig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper, sets out to draw some traditional english language teaching practices and to suggest ways for their improvement under the light of humanistic and socio-cultural psychology. This is going to aid language teachers by applying principled psychological methods on the field of education in order to introduce a reciprocal mode of teaching where teacher and learner begin with a mutual effort. However the teacher, after initiating most of the work, gradually passes on more and more responsibility to the learners resulting in their independent endeavors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20Language%20Teaching%20%28ELT%29" title="English Language Teaching (ELT)">English Language Teaching (ELT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Second%20Language%20Acquisition%20%28SLA%29" title=" Second Language Acquisition (SLA)"> Second Language Acquisition (SLA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20english%20as%20second%2Fforeign%20language" title=" teaching english as second/foreign language"> teaching english as second/foreign language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humanistic%20psychology" title=" humanistic psychology"> humanistic psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-cultural%20psychology" title=" socio-cultural psychology"> socio-cultural psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=application%20of%20psychology%20to%20language%20teaching" title=" application of psychology to language teaching"> application of psychology to language teaching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30329/teaching-english-as-a-secondforeign-language-under-humanistic-and-sociocultural-psychology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">608</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3238</span> Political Polarization May Be Distorted When It Comes to Police Reform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nancy%20Bartekian">Nancy Bartekian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christine%20Reyna"> Christine Reyna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Republicans and Democrats are often polarized when it comes to important topics, but the portrayal of polarization of key issues might be distorted and exaggerated. We examined Republicans' and Democrats’ attitudes about police reform policy during the 2020 racial justice protests and calls to ‘defund the police’. We hypothesized that a) Republicans and Democrats will be polarized on the “defund police'' question; however, b) they will have similar overall attitudes towards specific police reform policies (will be on the same side of the scale--disagree vs. agree), but c) will differ in their extent of agreement or disagreement (main effect of political party ID, but located on the same side of the scale). Using one-way, Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) controlling for race, education, and income, we found an overall effect of political party ID. Six out of the nine policies studied were, in fact, not polarizing; both groups were in consensus on whether they disagreed or agreed with the policy, including “defund police''. Results suggest that polarization might be exaggerated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20psychology" title="political psychology">political psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social" title=" social"> social</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideology" title=" ideology"> ideology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarization" title=" polarization"> polarization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150889/political-polarization-may-be-distorted-when-it-comes-to-police-reform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3237</span> Turkey in Minds: Cognitive and Social Representation of "East" and "West"</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feyzan%20Tuzkaya">Feyzan Tuzkaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nihan%20S.%20Soylu"> Nihan S. Soylu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caglar%20Solak"> Caglar Solak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Peker"> Mehmet Peker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hilal%20Peker"> Hilal Peker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kemal%20Ozeralp"> Kemal Ozeralp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ceren%20Mete"> Ceren Mete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ezgi%20Mehmetoglu"> Ezgi Mehmetoglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Karasu"> Mehmet Karasu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cihan%20Elci"> Cihan Elci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ece%20Akca"> Ece Akca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melek%20Goregenli"> Melek Goregenli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Perception, evaluation and representation of the environment have been the subject of many disciplines including psychology, geography and architecture. In environmental and social psychology literature there are several evidences which suggest that cognitive representations about a place consisted of not only geographic items but also social and cultural. Mental representations of residence area or a country is influenced and determined by social-demographics, the physical and social context. Thus, all mental representations of a given place are also social representations. Cognitive maps are the main and common instruments that are used to identify spatial images and the difference between physical and subjective environments. The aim of the current study is investigating the mental and social representations of Turkey in university students’ minds. Data was collected from 249 university students from different departments (i.e. psychology, geography, history, tourism departments) of Ege University. Participants were requested to reflect Turkey in their mind onto the paper drawing sketch maps. According to the results, cognitive maps showed geographic aspects of Turkey as well as the context of symbolic, cultural and political reality of Turkey. That is to say, these maps had many symbolic and verbal items related to critics on social and cultural problems, ongoing ethnic and political conflicts, and actual political agenda of Turkey. Additionally, one of main differentiations in these representations appeared in terms of the East and West side of the Turkey, and the representations of the East and West was varied correspondingly participants’ cultural background, their ethnic values, and where they have born. The results of the study were discussed in environmental and social psychological perspective considering cultural and social values of Turkey and current political circumstances of the country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20maps" title="cognitive maps">cognitive maps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=East" title=" East"> East</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=West" title=" West"> West</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=politics" title=" politics"> politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20representations" title=" social representations"> social representations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkey" title=" Turkey"> Turkey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25127/turkey-in-minds-cognitive-and-social-representation-of-east-and-west" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3236</span> Discursive Psychology of Emotions in Mediation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katarzyna%20Oberda">Katarzyna Oberda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to conceptual emotions in the process of mediation. Although human emotions have been approached from various disciplines and perspectives, e.g. philosophy, linguistics, psychology and neurology, this complex phenomenon still needs further investigation into its discursive character with the an open mind and heart. To attain this aim, the theoretical and practical considerations are taken into account both to contextualize the discursive psychology of emotions in mediation and show how cognitive and linguistic activity expressed in language may lead to the emotional turn in the process of mediation. The double directions of this research into the discursive psychology of emotions have been partially inspired by the evaluative components of mediation forms. In the conducted research, we apply the methodology of discursive psychology with the discourse analysis as a tool. The practical data come from the recorded mediations online. The major findings of the conducted research result in the reconstruction of the emotional transformation model in mediation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discourse%20analysis" title="discourse analysis">discourse analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discursive%20psychology" title=" discursive psychology"> discursive psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotions" title=" emotions"> emotions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mediation" title=" mediation"> mediation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126740/discursive-psychology-of-emotions-in-mediation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126740.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3235</span> Effect of Positive Psychology (PP) Interventions on College Students’ Well-Being, Career Stress and Coronavirus Anxiety</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erva%20Kaygun">Erva Kaygun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of positive psychology interventions on college students' positive-negative emotions, coronavirus anxiety, and career stress. 4 groups of college students are compared in terms of the level of exposure to PP constructs ( Non-Psychology, Psychology, Positive Psychology Course, and Positive Psychology Boot Camp). In this research, Pearson Correlation, independent t-tests, ANOVA, and Post-Hoc tests are conducted. Without being significant, the groups exposed to PP constructs showed higher positive emotions and total PERMA scores, whereas negative emotions, career stress, and coronavirus stress remained similar. It is crucial to indicate that career stress is higher among all psychology students when compared to non-psychology students. The results showed that the highest exposure group (PP Boot Camp) showed no difference in negative emotions, whereas higher PERMA scores and positive emotion scores were on the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) scale. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20psychology" title="positive psychology">positive psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=college%20students" title=" college students"> college students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=well%20being" title=" well being"> well being</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety" title=" anxiety"> anxiety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141064/effect-of-positive-psychology-pp-interventions-on-college-students-well-being-career-stress-and-coronavirus-anxiety" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3234</span> Happiness and Its Political Consequences: A Proposal for a Socially Constructed Object</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luciano%20E.%20Sewaybricker">Luciano E. Sewaybricker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Psychology has faced many challenges in order to claim its right to study happiness. Probably the major issue has been to present a clear definition of happiness, which has a long history outside the scientific field and has been used imprecisely in the daily life. Even after years of great improvement, different meanings of happiness still have been seen in academic studies. This scenario allows to question if any definition is consistent enough to sustain the recent findings of the psychological processes behind happiness. Moreover, does it make sense to seek a single definition of happiness? By investigating the history of happiness and the theoretical foundations of Positive Psychology, it can be advocated that it’s proper for happiness to be polysemic. Since Ancient Greece most attempts to outline happiness consists of an appreciation of the "best way to live" and consequently requires a delineation of the most important things in life. Besides this generic definition, it’s hard to find consensus about happiness. In fact, what and how much something will be considered important to happiness depend on social influence. This compels happiness to vary between groups, historical periods, and even for the same person over time. Therefore, the same psychological processes will not necessarily be behind all forms of happiness. Consequently, three assumptions should be considered when studying happiness: it’s intrinsic of happiness to be transitory and socially influenced; happiness refers not only to what is possible in the present, but also to an ideal future; when someone (including a scientist) talks about happiness they describe and prescribe a better way to live. Because any attempt to define happiness will be limited in space and time, it's more suitable to study its variations than its universalities. This may have considerable consequences to political agenda on happiness evaluation and maximization, like Gross National Happiness and utilitarian initiatives. Happiness policies should be understood as an arbitrary choice amongst all kinds of happiness and as prescriptive of what “the best way to live” should be. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=happiness" title="happiness">happiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=politics" title=" politics"> politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20psychology" title=" positive psychology"> positive psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=well-being" title=" well-being"> well-being</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23322/happiness-and-its-political-consequences-a-proposal-for-a-socially-constructed-object" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23322.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3233</span> Correlation Between Political Awareness and Political Participation for University Students: An Applied Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Mohamed%20Abd%20El%20Aal">Rana Mohamed Abd El Aal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This is an exploratory study that aims to answer the question of whether and to what extent the prevailing political culture with a special focus to the factor of political awareness for Egyptian university students is influential in shaping their participatory behavior; more precisely in four main Universities ;(Cairo University- BaniSwif University- BUE University- Suez Canal University). To ensure the validity of my results, I deployed a number of different data collection methods: the collection, analysis, integration of both quantitative and qualitative methods; for investigating two main hypothesis H1: There is a positive relation between the political awareness level and political participation for university students, H2: There is a positive relation between political values in the society and the level of political participation of university students. The study reveals that though the sample represented the portion of political science students in different Universities, the level of political awareness and political participation was low with a statistically significant relationship; also, the patterns of values in Egyptian culture affects significantly the level of participation in the different universities. Therefore; the study using SWOT analysis recommends some policies for increasing the level of awareness and integrating youth in the political process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20awareness" title="political awareness">political awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20participation" title=" political participation"> political participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civic%20culture" title=" civic culture"> civic culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citizenship" title=" citizenship"> citizenship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egyptian%20universities" title="egyptian universities">egyptian universities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20knowledge" title=" political knowledge"> political knowledge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140273/correlation-between-political-awareness-and-political-participation-for-university-students-an-applied-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140273.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3232</span> Psychology of Learning English and Motivation in EFL Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohssen%20Amiri">Mohssen Amiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lack of motivation among students in learning English can be considered as one of the main obstacles faced by parents, teachers and college/school administrators in Gulf countries and Iran. The question is why this problem still exists among EFL students’ despite of various new methodologies that colleges are implementing by native and non-native instructors. In the paper, it has been explained that why many students fail to know the basic knowledge and conversations of English language even after completing academic levels of colleges. In this study, the answers of all questions have been covered by introducing the concept of the psychology of learning and the importance of motivation which are the main discussions of this study. Additionally, the paper has illustrated that how psychology is the key of success in learning English and how it develops motivation and confidence dramatically among students especially on speaking skill. The study shows that psychology is 70% of success and 30% are the methods and materials that we implement to teach in the classroom. Therefore, this is the role of teachers to develop 70% of positive motivation and psychology among students. The approach of study is descriptive, and the focus will be on speaking skill. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychology" title="psychology">psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title=" communication"> communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning" title=" learning"> learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66940/psychology-of-learning-english-and-motivation-in-efl-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66940.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3231</span> Thai’s Film after Political Crisis in October 14, 1973 and Political Crisis between 2005-2014</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pison%20Suwanpakdee">Pison Suwanpakdee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of presenting this article is to analyze between Thai’s film and Thai society in political crisis, to study the development and trend of the film which reflects society in Thailand from political crisis of 14 October 1973 and the present day political crisis using a comparative study of the two era, both the similarities and differences in the film reflects the society in an era of change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film" title="film">film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political" title=" political"> political</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neorealism" title=" neorealism"> neorealism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand "> Thailand </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10747/thais-film-after-political-crisis-in-october-14-1973-and-political-crisis-between-2005-2014" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10747.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3230</span> A Review of Quantitative Psychology in Our Life</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shubham%20Tandon">Shubham Tandon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajni%20Goel"> Rajni Goel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prime objective of our review paper is to study the quantitative psychology impact on our daily life. Quantitative techniques have been studied with the aim of discovering solutions in an advanced way. To get the unbiased and correct results, statistics and other useful mathematical aspects have been reviewed. So, many psychologists use quantitative techniques while working in the area of psychology with the aim of discovering solutions in an advanced way. This ensures their accurate outcomes as those will make use of precise criteria in knowing the minds and conditions of any person. Also, proper experimentation and observational tools are taken care of to avoid some possibilities of invalid data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20psychology" title="quantitative psychology">quantitative psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychologists" title=" psychologists"> psychologists</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistics" title=" statistics"> statistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=person" title=" person"> person</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=results" title=" results"> results</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minds" title=" minds"> minds</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155333/a-review-of-quantitative-psychology-in-our-life" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3229</span> The Correlation between Political Awareness and Political Participation for University Students’ “Applied Study”</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Mohamed">Rana Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite youth in Egypt were away from political life for a long time; they are able to make a tangible difference in political status. Purpose: This exploratory study aims to determine whether and how much the prevailing political culture influence participatory behavior with a special focus on political awareness factors among university students in Egypt. Methodology: The study employed several data collection methods to ensure the validity of the results, quantitative and qualitative, verifying the positive relationships between the levels of political awareness and political participation and between political values in society and the level of political participation among university students. For achieving the objectives of the paper in the light of the pool of available literature and data, the study adopts system analysis method to apply input-output and conversions associated with the phenomena of political participation to analyze the different factors that have an effect upon the prevailing political culture and the patterns of values in Egyptian society. Findings: The result reveals that the level of political awareness and political participation for students were low, with a statistically significant relationship. In addition, the patterns of values in Egyptian culture significantly influence the levels of student participation. Therefore, the study recommends formulating policies that aim to increase awareness levels and integrate youth into the political process. Originality/Value: The importance of the academic study stems from addressing one of the central issues in political science; this study measures the change in the Egyptian patterns of culture and values among university students. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20awareness" title="political awareness">political awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20participation" title=" political participation"> political participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civic%20culture" title=" civic culture"> civic culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citizenship" title=" citizenship"> citizenship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egyptian%20universities" title=" Egyptian universities"> Egyptian universities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20knowledge" title=" political knowledge"> political knowledge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140294/the-correlation-between-political-awareness-and-political-participation-for-university-students-applied-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3228</span> Assessing Narcissism in Students of Psychology: An Administered Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahiti%20Ganduri">Sahiti Ganduri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kavya%20Sreenivasan"> Kavya Sreenivasan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venya%20Lankala"> Venya Lankala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The narcissistic personality is a condition that causes individuals to have an inflated perception of self, giving themselves higher self-importance. It is necessary and interesting to study narcissistic traits in students of different majors. This can be a crucial environmental or psychosocial marker/indicator of narcissism which can also be of substantial importance in the field of education. This study focuses on identifying narcissism in students of psychology background. The narcissistic personality inventory was administered to 114 psychology students of different universities (public and private) in India. The results of our study provided evidence of the fact that narcissistic traits are higher in male psychology students as compared to female psychology students. Further, this paper has provided evidence that narcissistic traits are higher in leaders as compared to non-leaders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=college%20students" title="college students">college students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disorder" title=" disorder"> disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership" title=" leadership"> leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=narcissistic%20personality" title=" narcissistic personality"> narcissistic personality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personality" title=" personality"> personality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students" title=" students"> students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traits" title=" traits"> traits</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140372/assessing-narcissism-in-students-of-psychology-an-administered-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3227</span> Neo-Realism in Thai’s Film after Political Crisis in October 14, 1973 and Political Crisis between 2005-2014 </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Pison">S. Pison</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of presenting this article is to analyze between Thai’s film and Thai society in political crisis, to study the development and trend of the film which reflects society in Thailand from political crisis of 14 October 1973 and the present day political crisis using a comparative study of the two era, both the similarities and differences in the film reflects the society in an era of change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film" title="film">film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political" title=" political"> political</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neo-realism" title=" neo-realism"> neo-realism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social" title=" social"> social</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand"> Thailand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8596/neo-realism-in-thais-film-after-political-crisis-in-october-14-1973-and-political-crisis-between-2005-2014" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8596.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3226</span> Political Alienation and Corruption in Libya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mabroka%20B.%20Al-Werfalli">Mabroka B. Al-Werfalli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper looks at some aspects of Libya’s political culture relating to corruption and tries to map the links that bond political alienation to corruption. The subject was approached by surveying opinion. The study, of which culture of corruption was part, concerned the phenomena of political alienation in Libya. It was based on a survey conducted in winter 2001 and targeted a sample of 877 participants from the city of Benghazi. The questions were designed to determine the extent to which corruption is seen, by the Libyans, as a national problem. It also describes perceptions about levels, types and causes of corruption; trust in governmental institutions and senior officials of the State and assessments of anti-corruption regulations and actions taken by the regime. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-corruption" title="anti-corruption">anti-corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corruption" title=" corruption"> corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture%20of%20corruption" title=" culture of corruption"> culture of corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participating%20in%20corruption" title=" participating in corruption"> participating in corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20alienation" title=" political alienation"> political alienation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20culture" title=" political culture"> political culture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6579/political-alienation-and-corruption-in-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3225</span> Terrorism: Definition, History and Different Approaches in the Analysis of Terrorism Phenomenon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shabnam%20Dadparvar">Shabnam Dadparvar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laijin%20Shen"> Laijin Shen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzad%20Ravanbod"> Farzad Ravanbod</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, the political phenomenon of terrorism is considered as an effective factor on political, social, and economic changes. It has replaced the recognized political phenomena such as revolutions, wars (total war among two or more political units with distinct identities in the form of national states), coups d’état, insurgencies and etc. and has challenged political life in all its levels (sub national, national, and international political groups). In this paper by using descriptive-analytical method, the authors try to explain the spread of this political phenomenon across the world, its definition and types, also analyze different approaches to understand it. The authors believe that the Logical-Rational approach is the best way to explain and understand this phenomenon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logical%20approach" title="logical approach">logical approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological-%20social%20approach" title=" psychological- social approach"> psychological- social approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20approach" title=" religious approach"> religious approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrorism" title=" terrorism"> terrorism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50701/terrorism-definition-history-and-different-approaches-in-the-analysis-of-terrorism-phenomenon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3224</span> Social Media as a Tool for Political Communication: A Case Study of India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srikanth%20Bade">Srikanth Bade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses how the usage of social media has altered certain discourses and communicated with the political institutions for major actions in Indian scenario. The advent of new technology in the form of social media has engrossed the general public to discuss in the open forum. How they promulgated their ideas into action is captured in this study. Moreover, these discourses happening in the social media is analyzed from certain philosophical traditions by adopting a framework. Hence, this paper analyses the role of social media in political communication and change the political discourse. Also, this paper tries to address the issue that whether the deliberation made through social media had indeed communicated the issue of political matters to the decision making authorities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collective%20action%20and%20social%20capital" title="collective action and social capital">collective action and social capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20communication" title=" political communication"> political communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20discourse" title=" political discourse"> political discourse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119568/social-media-as-a-tool-for-political-communication-a-case-study-of-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119568.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3223</span> Theorizing Women’s Political Leadership: Cross-National Comparison</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minjeoung%20Kim">Minjeoung Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since women obtained the right to vote in 1893 for the first time in New Zealand, they have tried to participate actively into politics but still the world has a few women in political leadership. The article asks which factors might influence the appearance of women leadership in politics. The article investigates two factors such as political context, personal factors. Countries where economic development is stable and political democracy is consolidated have a tendency of appearance of women political leadership but in less developed and politically unstable countries, women politicians can be in power with their own reasons. For the personal factor, their feminist propensity is studied but there is no relationship between the appearance of women leaders and their feminist propensity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20political%20leadership" title="women political leadership">women political leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20context" title=" political context"> political context</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow%20track" title=" slow track"> slow track</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transitory%20countries" title=" transitory countries"> transitory countries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feminist%20propensity" title=" feminist propensity"> feminist propensity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12435/theorizing-womens-political-leadership-cross-national-comparison" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3222</span> The Impact of Political Polarization on the COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in the United States: A Qualitative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peiran%20Ma">Peiran Ma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explored the role of political polarization in an individual's decision of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. A total of 15 participants participated in individual interviews and focus group discussions about the relationships among domestic political polarization, vaccine hesitancy, and behavioral responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Political affiliation affected an individual’s decision on the COVID-19 vaccination, such that people who identified as Liberals and Democrats were more accepting of the vaccine. On the other hand, the level of influence declined over time (2020-2022) when the general conception of COVID-19 immunization shifted from political to personal. Results provided qualitative support to the previously identified positive relationship between divided political opinions and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and highlighted the decreasing trend in the power of political polarization in vaccination and the existence of other factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccine%20hesitancy" title=" vaccine hesitancy"> vaccine hesitancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20polarization" title=" political polarization"> political polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partisanship" title=" partisanship"> partisanship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideology" title=" ideology"> ideology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165405/the-impact-of-political-polarization-on-the-covid-19-vaccine-hesitancy-in-the-united-states-a-qualitative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165405.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3221</span> Pastoral Care and Counseling and Psychology as Sciences of Human Caring: Exploring the Interconnectedness of the Two Disciplines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baloyi%20Gift%20Tlharihani">Baloyi Gift Tlharihani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the relationship between pastoral care and counselling and psychology. It will critically review the variety of views and debates regarding this relationship while acknowledging the different sides of the debates on the sameness and difference of these notions, this paper argues for the inevitable interconnectedness of the two. There has always been a close relationship, between pastoral care and counselling and psychology, although these are two totally different notions. Even though pastoral care and counselling are thought of as more spiritually focused and psychology with emotional and mental challenges, the components that connect these two sciences are represented by the care of human being. Therefore, this paper is interested in the interconnectedness of these two science as they both makes a vital contribution to human caring. It indicates that whether we take the dualistic difference between the body and soul, the trichotomous difference between the body, soul and spirit, our essential nature is found in the unity of those constituent elements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropology" title="anthropology">anthropology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20care" title=" human care"> human care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pastoral%20care%20and%20counseling" title=" pastoral care and counseling"> pastoral care and counseling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychology" title=" psychology"> psychology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73378/pastoral-care-and-counseling-and-psychology-as-sciences-of-human-caring-exploring-the-interconnectedness-of-the-two-disciplines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73378.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3220</span> International Relations and the Transformation of Political Regimes in Post-Soviet States</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergey%20Chirun">Sergey Chirun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using of a combination of institutional analysis and network access has allowed the author to identify the characteristics of the informal institutions of regional political power and political regimes. According to the author, ‘field’ of activity of post-Soviet regimes, formed under the influence of informal institutions, often contradicts democratic institutional regional changes which are aimed at creating of a legal-rational type of political domination and balanced model of separation of powers. This leads to the gap between the formal structure of institutions and the real nature of power, predetermining the specific character of the existing political regimes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authoritarianism" title="authoritarianism">authoritarianism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutions" title=" institutions"> institutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20regime" title=" political regime"> political regime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks" title=" social networks"> social networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformation" title=" transformation"> transformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65233/international-relations-and-the-transformation-of-political-regimes-in-post-soviet-states" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65233.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3219</span> The Postcognitivist Era in Cognitive Psychology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Jameke">C. Jameke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the cognitivist era in cognitive psychology, a theory of internal rules and symbolic representations was posited as an account of human cognition. This type of cognitive architecture had its heyday during the 1970s and 80s, but it has now been largely abandoned in favour of subsymbolic architectures (e.g. connectionism), non-representational frameworks (e.g. dynamical systems theory), and statistical approaches such as Bayesian theory. In this presentation I describe this changing landscape of research, and comment on the increasing influence of neuroscience on cognitive psychology. I then briefly review a few recent developments in connectionism, and neurocomputation relevant to cognitive psychology, and critically discuss the assumption made by some researchers in these frameworks that higher-level aspects of human cognition are simply emergent properties of massively large distributed neural networks <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connectionism" title="connectionism">connectionism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergentism" title=" emergentism"> emergentism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postocgnitivist" title=" postocgnitivist"> postocgnitivist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=representations" title=" representations"> representations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsymbolic%20archiitecture" title=" subsymbolic archiitecture "> subsymbolic archiitecture </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27103/the-postcognitivist-era-in-cognitive-psychology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27103.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">578</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3218</span> Political Deprivations, Political Risk and the Extent of Skilled Labor Migration from Pakistan: Finding of a Time-Series Analysis </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Toqueer%20Akhter">Syed Toqueer Akhter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussain%20Hamid"> Hussain Hamid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the last few decades an upward trend has been observed in the case of labor migration from Pakistan. The emigrants are not just economically motivated and in search of a safe living environment towards more developed countries in Europe, North America and Middle East. The opportunity cost of migration comes in the form of brain drain that is the loss of qualified and skilled human capital. Throughout the history of Pakistan, situations of political instability have emerged ranging from violation of political rights, political disappearances to political assassinations. Providing security to the citizens is a major issue faced in Pakistan due to increase in crime and terrorist activities. The aim of the study is to test the impact of political instability, appearing in the form of political terror, violation of political rights and civil liberty on skilled migration of labor. Three proxies are used to measure the political instability; political terror scale (based on a scale of 1-5, the political terror and violence that a country encounters in a particular year), political rights (a rating of 1-7, that describes political rights as the ability for the people to participate without restraint in political process) and civil liberty (a rating of 1-7, civil liberty is defined as the freedom of expression and rights without government intervention). Using time series data from 1980-2011, the distributed lag models were used for estimation because migration is not a onetime process, previous events and migration can lead to more migration. Our research clearly shows that political instability appearing in the form of political terror, political rights and civil liberty all appeared significant in explaining the extent of skilled migration of Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skilled%20labor%20migration" title="skilled labor migration">skilled labor migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20terror" title=" political terror"> political terror</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20rights" title=" political rights"> political rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civil%20liberty" title=" civil liberty"> civil liberty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20lag%20model" title=" distributed lag model"> distributed lag model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8865/political-deprivations-political-risk-and-the-extent-of-skilled-labor-migration-from-pakistan-finding-of-a-time-series-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1028</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20psychology&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20psychology&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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