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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Variations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pitches_of_bugles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pitches_of_bugles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Pitches of bugles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pitches_of_bugles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bugle</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1_(%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="نفير (آلة موسيقية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نفير (آلة موسيقية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corneta_militar" title="Corneta militar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Corneta militar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signalhorn" title="Signalhorn – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Signalhorn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clairon" title="Clairon – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Clairon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corneta_natural" title="Corneta natural – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Corneta natural" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turuta_(musika-tresna)" title="Turuta (musika-tresna) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turuta (musika-tresna)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1" title="شیپور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شیپور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clairon" title="Clairon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Clairon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaroen" title="Klaroen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Klaroen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buabhall_(gl%C3%A9as_ceoil)" title="Buabhall (gléas ceoil) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Buabhall (gléas ceoil)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B9dach" title="Dùdach – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Dùdach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B0%D5%B8%D5%BC%D5%B6" title="Բյուգելհոռն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բյուգելհոռն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selompret" title="Selompret – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Selompret" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugle" title="Bugle – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bugle" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9C" title="ביוגל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביוגל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%86" title="ರಣಕಹಳೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಣಕಹಳೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaroen" title="Klaroen – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Klaroen" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%9Bl%C9%9Bl%C9%94%CC%81" title="Kɛlɛlɔ́ – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kɛlɛlɔ́" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bingona" title="Bingona – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bingona" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begol" title="Begol – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Begol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaroen_(muziekinstrument)" title="Klaroen (muziekinstrument) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Klaroen (muziekinstrument)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB" title="ビューグル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビューグル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signalhorn" title="Signalhorn – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Signalhorn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorn_(cholg%CA%BBu_asbobi)" title="Gorn (cholgʻu asbobi) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gorn (cholgʻu asbobi)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goarn%C4%83" title="Goarnă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Goarnă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Горн (музыкальный инструмент) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Горн (музыкальный инструмент)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugle" title="Bugle – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bugle" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%95%DA%95%DB%95%D9%86%D8%A7" title="کەڕەنا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کەڕەنا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bygelhorn" title="Bygelhorn – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bygelhorn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borazan" title="Borazan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Borazan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Горн (музичний інструмент) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Горн (музичний інструмент)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E5%8F%B7_(%E4%B9%90%E5%99%A8)" title="军号 (乐器) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="军号 (乐器)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1628293#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Bugle%22">"Bugle"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Bugle%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Bugle%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Bugle%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Bugle%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Bugle%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Bugle</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bugle_in_C_MET_DP-12679-123.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Bugle_in_C_MET_DP-12679-123.jpg/250px-Bugle_in_C_MET_DP-12679-123.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Bugle_in_C_MET_DP-12679-123.jpg/375px-Bugle_in_C_MET_DP-12679-123.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Bugle_in_C_MET_DP-12679-123.jpg/500px-Bugle_in_C_MET_DP-12679-123.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2524" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Bugle in <a href="/wiki/C_(musical_note)" title="C (musical note)">C</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #bfe0bf"><a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument" title="Brass instrument">Brass instrument</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument_classification" title="Musical instrument classification">Classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wind_instrument" title="Wind instrument">Wind</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument" title="Brass instrument">Brass</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Aerophone" title="Aerophone">Aerophone</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hornbostel%E2%80%93Sachs" title="Hornbostel–Sachs">Hornbostel–Sachs classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">423.121.22<br />(<a href="/wiki/Natural_trumpets" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural trumpets">Natural trumpets</a> – an aerophone, with vibrating air enclosed within the instrument, the player's lips cause the air to vibrate directly, the player's lips are the only means of changing the instrument's pitch, the instrument is tubular, the player blows into the end of the tube, the tube is bent or folded, the instrument has a mouthpiece)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developed</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">Antiquity; modern forms, c. 17th century</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #bfe0bf"><a href="/wiki/Range_(music)" title="Range (music)">Playing range</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bugle_scale.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Bugle_scale.png/220px-Bugle_scale.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Bugle_scale.png/330px-Bugle_scale.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Bugle_scale.png/440px-Bugle_scale.png 2x" data-file-width="1118" data-file-height="196" /></a><figcaption>Five-pitch scale of the bugle in C. <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/09\/Bugle_scale.mid\/Bugle_scale.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Bugle scale.mid"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Bugle scale.mid"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/Bugle_scale.mid/Bugle_scale.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Bugle scale.mid</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Bugle_scale.mid" title="File:Bugle scale.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #bfe0bf"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Related instruments</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarion_(instrument)" title="Clarion (instrument)">Clarion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cornet" title="Cornet">Cornet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_trumpet" title="Natural trumpet">Natural trumpet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Post_horn" title="Post horn">Post horn</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Trumpet" title="Trumpet">Trumpet</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #bfe0bf">Sound sample</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="43" data-mwtitle="ToTheColor.mp3" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:ToTheColor.mp3"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/ToTheColor.mp3/ToTheColor.mp3.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/ToTheColor.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/To_the_Color" title="To the Color">To the Color</a>, a United States bugle call, equivalent to the national anthem, played on army posts when raising or lowering the national flag.</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #bfe0bf">More articles or information</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contrabass_bugle" title="Contrabass bugle">Contrabass bugle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Keyed_bugle" title="Keyed bugle">Keyed bugle</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>bugle</b> is a simple <a href="/wiki/Signal_instrument" title="Signal instrument">signaling</a> <a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument" title="Brass instrument">brass instrument</a> with a wide <a href="/wiki/Conical_bore" class="mw-redirect" title="Conical bore">conical bore</a>. It normally has no <a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument_valve" title="Brass instrument valve">valves</a> or other pitch-altering devices, and is thus limited to its <a href="/wiki/Harmonic_series_(music)" title="Harmonic series (music)">natural harmonic</a> notes, and <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">pitch</a> is controlled entirely by varying the air and <a href="/wiki/Embouchure" title="Embouchure">embouchure</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bugle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bugle" title="Special:EditPage/Bugle">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd><i>See also <a href="/wiki/Clarion_(instrument)" title="Clarion (instrument)">Clarion</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Natural_trumpet" title="Natural trumpet">Natural trumpet</a></i></dd></dl> <p>The English word <i>bugle</i> comes from a combination of words. From French, it reaches back to <i>cor buglèr</i> and <i>bugleret</i>, indicating a signaling <a href="/wiki/Horn_(instrument)" title="Horn (instrument)">horn</a> made from a small cow's horn. Going back further, it touches on Latin, <i>buculus,</i> meaning bullock. Old English also influences the modern word with <i>bugle</i>, meaning "wild ox."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name indicates an animal's (cow's) horn, which was the way horns were made in Europe after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragard196859_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragard196859-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern bugle is made from metal tubing, and that technology has roots which date back to the Roman Empire, as well as to the Middle East during the Crusades, where Europeans re-discovered metal-tubed trumpets and brought them home.<sup id="cite_ref-GroveTrumpet_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GroveTrumpet-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically, horns were curved trumpets, conical, often made from ox or other animal horns, from shells, from hollowed ivory such as the <a href="/wiki/Olifant_(instrument)" title="Olifant (instrument)">olifant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragard196859_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragard196859-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESachs194048,_280,_384_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESachs194048,_280,_384-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There existed another tradition of trumpets made of straight metal tubes of brass or silver that went back in Europe as far as the Greeks (<a href="/wiki/Salpinx" title="Salpinx">salpinx</a>) and Romans (<a href="/wiki/Roman_tuba" title="Roman tuba">Roman tuba</a>), and further back to the Etruscans, Assyrians and Egyptians (<a href="/wiki/King_Tut%27s_Trumpet" class="mw-redirect" title="King Tut's Trumpet">King Tut's Trumpet</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-GroveTrumpet_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GroveTrumpet-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the fall of Rome, when much of Europe was separated from the remaining Eastern Roman Empire, the straight, tubular sheet-metal trumpet disappeared and curved horns were Europe's trumpet.<sup id="cite_ref-tube_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tube-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sheet-metal tubular trumpet persisted in the Middle East and Central Asia as the <a href="/wiki/Nafir" title="Nafir">nafir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karnay" title="Karnay">karnay</a>, and during the <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a>, Europeans began to build them again, having seen these instruments in their wars.<sup id="cite_ref-GroveTrumpet_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GroveTrumpet-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BrillBuq_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrillBuq-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first made were <a href="/wiki/Buisine" title="Buisine">the añafil in Spain and buisine in France and elsewhere.</a> Then Europeans took a step that hadn't been part of trumpet making since the Roman (<a href="/wiki/Buccina" title="Buccina">buccina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cornu_(horn)" title="Cornu (horn)">cornu</a>); they figured out how to bend tubes without ruining them and by the 1400s were experimenting with new instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-GroveTrumpet_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GroveTrumpet-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GroveNafir_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GroveNafir-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whole lines of brass instruments were created, including initially examples like the clarion and the natural trumpet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerbert201990–1Bugle_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerbert201990–1Bugle-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were bent-tube variations that shrunk the long tubes into a manageable size and controlled the way the instruments sounded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerbert201990–1Bugle_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerbert201990–1Bugle-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the variations was to create "sickle shaped" horn or "hunting horns" in the 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerbert201990–1Bugle_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerbert201990–1Bugle-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 18th century, Germans had created a "half moon" shaped horn called the <i>halbmondbläser</i>, used by Jäger battalions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerbert201990–1Bugle_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerbert201990–1Bugle-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarcuse1964224Halbmond_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarcuse1964224Halbmond-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the last quarter of the 18th century, or by 1800, the half-moon horn was bent further into a loop, possibly first by William Shaw (or his workshop) of London.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerbert201990–1Bugle_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerbert201990–1Bugle-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarcuse196470Bugle_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarcuse196470Bugle-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The instrument was used militarily at that point as the "bugle horn."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarcuse196470Bugle_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarcuse196470Bugle-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1758, the <i>Halbmondbläser</i> (half-moon) was used by light infantry from <a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a>, and continued until after 1813.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerbert201990–1Bugle_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerbert201990–1Bugle-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was crescent-shaped (hence its name) and comfortably carried by a shoulder strap attached at the mouthpiece and bell. It first spread to England where as the "bugle horn" it was gradually accepted by the light dragoons (1764), the Grenadier Guards (1772), light artillery (1788) and light infantry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerbert201990–1Bugle_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerbert201990–1Bugle-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>18th-century cavalry did not normally use a standard bugle, but rather an early <a href="/wiki/Trumpet" title="Trumpet">trumpet</a> that might be mistaken for a bugle today, as it lacked keys or valves, but had a more gradual taper and a smaller bell, producing a sound more easily audible at close range but with less carrying power over distance. The earliest bugles were shaped in a coil – typically a double coil, but also a single or triple coil – similar to the modern <a href="/wiki/French_horn" title="French horn">horn</a>, and were used to communicate during hunts and as announcing-instruments for coaches (somewhat akin to today's automobile horn). Predecessors and relatives of the bugle included the <a href="/wiki/Post_horn" title="Post horn">post horn</a>, the Pless horn (sometimes called the "Prince Pless horn"), the bugle horn, and the <a href="/wiki/Shofar" title="Shofar">shofar</a>, among others. The ancient Roman army used the <a href="/wiki/Buccina" title="Buccina">buccina</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_Numantino_-_Trompa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iberian Celtic trumpet or bugle made from clay, 2nd-1st century B.C., Iberian Peninsula."><img alt="Iberian Celtic trumpet or bugle made from clay, 2nd-1st century B.C., Iberian Peninsula." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Museo_Numantino_-_Trompa.jpg/120px-Museo_Numantino_-_Trompa.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Museo_Numantino_-_Trompa.jpg/180px-Museo_Numantino_-_Trompa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Museo_Numantino_-_Trompa.jpg/240px-Museo_Numantino_-_Trompa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Iberian Celtic trumpet or bugle made from clay, 2nd-1st century B.C., Iberian Peninsula. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1911_EB_Roman_Bugle.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Roman bugle, 4th century. Added to the British Museum in 1904, this late Roman bugle is bent completely round upon itself to form a coil between the mouthpiece and the bell (broken off). Found at Mont Ventoux, France."><img alt="Roman bugle, 4th century. Added to the British Museum in 1904, this late Roman bugle is bent completely round upon itself to form a coil between the mouthpiece and the bell (broken off). Found at Mont Ventoux, France." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/1911_EB_Roman_Bugle.png/120px-1911_EB_Roman_Bugle.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/1911_EB_Roman_Bugle.png/180px-1911_EB_Roman_Bugle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/1911_EB_Roman_Bugle.png/240px-1911_EB_Roman_Bugle.png 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="408" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Roman bugle, 4th century. Added to the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> in 1904, this late Roman bugle is bent completely round upon itself to form a coil between the mouthpiece and the bell (broken off). Found at <a href="/wiki/Mont_Ventoux" title="Mont Ventoux">Mont Ventoux</a>, France.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pilaster_of_Angels_Sounding_Trumpets_from_the_Parapet_of_a_Pulpit_MET_DP169508.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="13th century. Angels sounding horns or trumpets. The horns were manufactured in the shape of oxen horns."><img alt="13th century. Angels sounding horns or trumpets. The horns were manufactured in the shape of oxen horns." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Pilaster_of_Angels_Sounding_Trumpets_from_the_Parapet_of_a_Pulpit_MET_DP169508.jpg/76px-Pilaster_of_Angels_Sounding_Trumpets_from_the_Parapet_of_a_Pulpit_MET_DP169508.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Pilaster_of_Angels_Sounding_Trumpets_from_the_Parapet_of_a_Pulpit_MET_DP169508.jpg/114px-Pilaster_of_Angels_Sounding_Trumpets_from_the_Parapet_of_a_Pulpit_MET_DP169508.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Pilaster_of_Angels_Sounding_Trumpets_from_the_Parapet_of_a_Pulpit_MET_DP169508.jpg/152px-Pilaster_of_Angels_Sounding_Trumpets_from_the_Parapet_of_a_Pulpit_MET_DP169508.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2543" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">13th century. Angels sounding horns or trumpets. The horns were manufactured in the shape of oxen horns.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grotesque_with_bent_trumpet,_Hours_of_Charles_the_Noble,_King_of_Navarre,_1361-1425,_fol._272r.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Awareness of trumpet experiments reached a 1405 illustrator in France, who painted a grotesque playing a trumpet bent into a U."><img alt="Awareness of trumpet experiments reached a 1405 illustrator in France, who painted a grotesque playing a trumpet bent into a U." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Grotesque_with_bent_trumpet%2C_Hours_of_Charles_the_Noble%2C_King_of_Navarre%2C_1361-1425%2C_fol._272r.jpg/77px-Grotesque_with_bent_trumpet%2C_Hours_of_Charles_the_Noble%2C_King_of_Navarre%2C_1361-1425%2C_fol._272r.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Grotesque_with_bent_trumpet%2C_Hours_of_Charles_the_Noble%2C_King_of_Navarre%2C_1361-1425%2C_fol._272r.jpg/116px-Grotesque_with_bent_trumpet%2C_Hours_of_Charles_the_Noble%2C_King_of_Navarre%2C_1361-1425%2C_fol._272r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Grotesque_with_bent_trumpet%2C_Hours_of_Charles_the_Noble%2C_King_of_Navarre%2C_1361-1425%2C_fol._272r.jpg/155px-Grotesque_with_bent_trumpet%2C_Hours_of_Charles_the_Noble%2C_King_of_Navarre%2C_1361-1425%2C_fol._272r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1220" data-file-height="1888" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Awareness of trumpet experiments reached a 1405 illustrator in France, who painted a <a href="/wiki/Grotesque" title="Grotesque">grotesque</a> playing a trumpet bent into a U.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Musica_getutscht_und_au%C3%9Fgezogen_021.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Virdung illustrated (1511 A.D.) bent trumpets including felttrumet (field trumpet) and busaun (sackbut)."><img alt="Virdung illustrated (1511 A.D.) bent trumpets including felttrumet (field trumpet) and busaun (sackbut)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Musica_getutscht_und_au%C3%9Fgezogen_021.jpg/120px-Musica_getutscht_und_au%C3%9Fgezogen_021.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Musica_getutscht_und_au%C3%9Fgezogen_021.jpg/180px-Musica_getutscht_und_au%C3%9Fgezogen_021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Musica_getutscht_und_au%C3%9Fgezogen_021.jpg/240px-Musica_getutscht_und_au%C3%9Fgezogen_021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2661" data-file-height="1804" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Virdung illustrated (1511 A.D.) bent trumpets including <i>felttrumet</i> (field trumpet) and <i>busaun</i> (<a href="/wiki/Sackbut" title="Sackbut">sackbut</a>).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fr%C3%A8res_Limbourg_-_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_-_mois_de_mai_-_Google_Art_Project_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clarion trumpet, buisine trumpet, 2 shawms. Painted in France between 1412 and 1416. (upper left corner). The clarion matches the felttrumet in Virdung's 1511 illustrations of musical instruments."><img alt="Clarion trumpet, buisine trumpet, 2 shawms. Painted in France between 1412 and 1416. (upper left corner). The clarion matches the felttrumet in Virdung's 1511 illustrations of musical instruments." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Fr%C3%A8res_Limbourg_-_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_-_mois_de_mai_-_Google_Art_Project_cropped.jpg/119px-Fr%C3%A8res_Limbourg_-_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_-_mois_de_mai_-_Google_Art_Project_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Fr%C3%A8res_Limbourg_-_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_-_mois_de_mai_-_Google_Art_Project_cropped.jpg/178px-Fr%C3%A8res_Limbourg_-_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_-_mois_de_mai_-_Google_Art_Project_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Fr%C3%A8res_Limbourg_-_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_-_mois_de_mai_-_Google_Art_Project_cropped.jpg/238px-Fr%C3%A8res_Limbourg_-_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_-_mois_de_mai_-_Google_Art_Project_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3640" data-file-height="3676" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Clarion_(instrument)" title="Clarion (instrument)">Clarion</a> trumpet, <a href="/wiki/Buisine" title="Buisine">buisine</a> trumpet, 2 <a href="/wiki/Shawm" title="Shawm">shawms</a>. Painted in France between 1412 and 1416. (upper left corner). The <i>clarion</i> matches the <i>felttrumet</i> in Virdung's 1511 illustrations of musical instruments.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mehter_detail_Hazine_1339_folio_103b.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mehterhâne, Ottoman miniature circa 1568. The musicians play two zurna, two spiral trumpets (boru), a cylinder drum davul and a pair of kettle drums (nakkare). In 1529, the "Turkish field clamor" reached Vienna for the first time."><img alt="Mehterhâne, Ottoman miniature circa 1568. The musicians play two zurna, two spiral trumpets (boru), a cylinder drum davul and a pair of kettle drums (nakkare). In 1529, the "Turkish field clamor" reached Vienna for the first time." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Mehter_detail_Hazine_1339_folio_103b.jpg/107px-Mehter_detail_Hazine_1339_folio_103b.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Mehter_detail_Hazine_1339_folio_103b.jpg/160px-Mehter_detail_Hazine_1339_folio_103b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Mehter_detail_Hazine_1339_folio_103b.jpg/214px-Mehter_detail_Hazine_1339_folio_103b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="642" data-file-height="721" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mehterh%C3%A2ne" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehterhâne">Mehterhâne</a>, Ottoman miniature circa 1568. The musicians play two <a href="/wiki/Zurna" title="Zurna">zurna</a>, two spiral trumpets (<i>boru</i>), a cylinder drum <i><a href="/wiki/Davul" title="Davul">davul</a></i> and a pair of kettle drums (<i>nakkare</i>). In 1529, the "Turkish field clamor" reached Vienna for the first time.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knoe08_19.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hessian-Darmstadt soldiers, 1816, one with a halbmondbläser."><img alt="Hessian-Darmstadt soldiers, 1816, one with a halbmondbläser." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Knoe08_19.jpg/75px-Knoe08_19.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Knoe08_19.jpg/112px-Knoe08_19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Knoe08_19.jpg/149px-Knoe08_19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="827" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hessian-Darmstadt soldiers, 1816, one with a <i>halbmondbläser</i>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bugle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Bugle_call" title="Bugle call">Bugle call</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">Pitch</a> control is done by varying the player's air and <a href="/wiki/Embouchure" title="Embouchure">embouchure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerbert201990–1Bugle_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerbert201990–1Bugle-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weinder-ch3_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinder-ch3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, the bugle is limited to <a href="/wiki/Musical_note" title="Musical note">notes</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Harmonic_series_(music)" title="Harmonic series (music)">harmonic series</a>. Scores for standard bugle calls use the five notes of the "bugle scale". </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Reveille_on_bugle.ogg" title="File:Reveille on bugle.ogg">Reveille</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="22" data-mwtitle="Reveille_on_bugle.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/Reveille_on_bugle.ogg/Reveille_on_bugle.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Reveille_on_bugle.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Reveille as played on the bugle by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Band" title="United States Army Band">United States Army Band</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>The bugle is used mainly in the military, where the <a href="/wiki/Bugle_call" title="Bugle call">bugle call</a> is used to indicate the daily routines of camp. Historically, the bugle was used in the cavalry to relay instructions from officers to soldiers during battle. They were used to assemble the leaders and to give marching orders to the camps. </p><p>The bugle is also used in <a href="/wiki/Scout_(Scouting)" title="Scout (Scouting)">Boy Scout</a> troops and in the <a href="/wiki/Boys%27_Brigade" title="Boys' Brigade">Boys' Brigade</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Rifles" title="The Rifles">The Rifles</a>, an infantry regiment in the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>, has retained the bugle for ceremonial and symbolic purposes, as did other rifle regiments before it. When originally formed in 1800, the <a href="/wiki/Rifle_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifle Corps">Rifle Corps</a> were the first dedicated light infantry unit in the British Army and were allowed a number of unique accouterments that were believed to be better suited for skirmishing, such as their green jackets. Other infantry used drums when marching and had whistles to signal when skirmishing, but the Rifle Corps was a much larger body of men that would be expected to spread out over a large area under a single commander. As a result, the bugle was taken from cavalry traditions because signals could pass much further without the need for repeats. The buglers in each <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalion</a> are headed by the bugle major, a senior <a href="/wiki/Non-commissioned_officer" title="Non-commissioned officer">non-commissioned officer</a> holding the rank of <a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">sergeant</a> or above. </p><p>The bugle has also been used as a sign of peace in the case of a surrender.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In most military units, the bugle can be fitted with a small banner or tabard (occasionally gold fringed) with the arms of its reporting service branch or unit.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In military tradition, the <a href="/wiki/Last_Post" title="Last Post">Last Post</a> or <a href="/wiki/Taps_(bugle_call)" title="Taps (bugle call)">Taps</a> is the bugle call that signifies the end of the day's activities. It is also sounded at military funerals to indicate that the soldier has gone to his final rest and at commemorative services such as <a href="/wiki/Anzac_Day" title="Anzac Day">Anzac Day</a> in Australia and New Zealand and <a href="/wiki/Remembrance_Day" title="Remembrance Day">Remembrance Day</a> in Canada<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Militia_Bugler_NGM-v31-p346.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="American naval bugler in 1917"><img alt="American naval bugler in 1917" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Naval_Militia_Bugler_NGM-v31-p346.jpg/201px-Naval_Militia_Bugler_NGM-v31-p346.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Naval_Militia_Bugler_NGM-v31-p346.jpg/302px-Naval_Militia_Bugler_NGM-v31-p346.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Naval_Militia_Bugler_NGM-v31-p346.jpg/403px-Naval_Militia_Bugler_NGM-v31-p346.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1460" data-file-height="2174" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">American naval bugler in 1917</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 128px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eighth_Route_Army_bugler.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chinese Eighth Route Army bugler during World War II. Photograph by Sha Fei."><img alt="Chinese Eighth Route Army bugler during World War II. Photograph by Sha Fei." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Eighth_Route_Army_bugler.jpg/192px-Eighth_Route_Army_bugler.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Eighth_Route_Army_bugler.jpg/289px-Eighth_Route_Army_bugler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Eighth_Route_Army_bugler.jpg/385px-Eighth_Route_Army_bugler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="1048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chinese <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Route_Army" title="Eighth Route Army">Eighth Route Army</a> bugler during World War II. Photograph by <a href="/wiki/Sha_Fei" title="Sha Fei">Sha Fei</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 358px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 356px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Twojapanesemenwithbugle2017-may.webm/534px--Twojapanesemenwithbugle2017-may.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="356" height="200" data-durationhint="26" data-mwtitle="Twojapanesemenwithbugle2017-may.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Twojapanesemenwithbugle2017-may.webm/Twojapanesemenwithbugle2017-may.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Twojapanesemenwithbugle2017-may.webm/Twojapanesemenwithbugle2017-may.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Twojapanesemenwithbugle2017-may.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Twojapanesemenwithbugle2017-may.webm/Twojapanesemenwithbugle2017-may.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Twojapanesemenwithbugle2017-may.webm/Twojapanesemenwithbugle2017-may.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Twojapanesemenwithbugle2017-may.webm/Twojapanesemenwithbugle2017-may.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Two Japanese men demonstrating a bugle call, 2017</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 146px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 144px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:THIS_MAN_IS_YOUR_FRIEND._ETHIOPIAN_-_NARA_-_515794.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="American poster during the Second World War depicting a bugler from the Ethiopian National Defence Force Band"><img alt="American poster during the Second World War depicting a bugler from the Ethiopian National Defence Force Band" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/THIS_MAN_IS_YOUR_FRIEND._ETHIOPIAN_-_NARA_-_515794.jpg/216px-THIS_MAN_IS_YOUR_FRIEND._ETHIOPIAN_-_NARA_-_515794.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/THIS_MAN_IS_YOUR_FRIEND._ETHIOPIAN_-_NARA_-_515794.jpg/324px-THIS_MAN_IS_YOUR_FRIEND._ETHIOPIAN_-_NARA_-_515794.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/THIS_MAN_IS_YOUR_FRIEND._ETHIOPIAN_-_NARA_-_515794.jpg/432px-THIS_MAN_IS_YOUR_FRIEND._ETHIOPIAN_-_NARA_-_515794.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2161" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">American poster during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> depicting a bugler from the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_National_Defence_Force_Band" title="Ethiopian National Defence Force Band">Ethiopian National Defence Force Band</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations">Variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bugle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Klappenhorn_in_C_-Museum_f%C3%BCr_Kunst_und_Gewerbe_Hamburg-1912.1543.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Klappenhorn_in_C_-Museum_f%C3%BCr_Kunst_und_Gewerbe_Hamburg-1912.1543.tif/lossy-page1-170px-Klappenhorn_in_C_-Museum_f%C3%BCr_Kunst_und_Gewerbe_Hamburg-1912.1543.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Klappenhorn_in_C_-Museum_f%C3%BCr_Kunst_und_Gewerbe_Hamburg-1912.1543.tif/lossy-page1-255px-Klappenhorn_in_C_-Museum_f%C3%BCr_Kunst_und_Gewerbe_Hamburg-1912.1543.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Klappenhorn_in_C_-Museum_f%C3%BCr_Kunst_und_Gewerbe_Hamburg-1912.1543.tif/lossy-page1-340px-Klappenhorn_in_C_-Museum_f%C3%BCr_Kunst_und_Gewerbe_Hamburg-1912.1543.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5792" data-file-height="8688" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Keyed_bugle" title="Keyed bugle">Keyed bugle</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1830</span></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cornet" title="Cornet">cornet</a> is sometimes erroneously considered a valved bugle, but the cornet was derived from more <a href="/wiki/Bore_(wind_instruments)" title="Bore (wind instruments)">narrow-bored</a> instruments, the French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">cornet de poste</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text"><a href="/wiki/Post_horn" title="Post horn">post horn</a></span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">cor de chasse</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">hunting horn</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Keyed_bugle" title="Keyed bugle">Keyed bugles</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Klappenhorn</i>) were invented in the early 19th century. In England, a patent for one design was taken out by Joseph Halliday in 1811 and became known as the <a href="/wiki/Keyed_bugle#History" title="Keyed bugle">Kent bugle</a>. This bugle established itself in military band music in Britain and America, and its popularity is indicated by the existence of many published method books and arrangements.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerbertWallace1997139_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerbertWallace1997139-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was in wide use until about 1850 by which time it had been largely replaced by the cornet. Richard Willis, appointed the first bandmaster of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/West_Point_Band" title="West Point Band">West Point Band</a> in 1817, wrote and performed many works for the keyed bugle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerbertWallace1997137_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerbertWallace1997137-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the mid 19th century, bugles have been made with piston valves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pitches_of_bugles">Pitches of bugles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bugle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pitches of bugles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Soprano bugle (high pitch)</li> <li>Alto bugle (medium pitch)</li> <li>Baritone bugle (tenor pitch)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrabass_bugle" title="Contrabass bugle">Contrabass bugle</a> (bass pitch)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bugle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarion_(instrument)" title="Clarion (instrument)">Clarion (instrument)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanfare_trumpet" title="Fanfare trumpet">Fanfare trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marching_brass" title="Marching brass">Marching brass</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bugle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bugle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBainesHerbert2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Baines, Anthony C.; Herbert, Trevor (2001). "Bugle(i)". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians#Grove_Music_Online_and_Oxford_Music_Online" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">Grove Music Online</a></i> (8th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.04270">10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.04270</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0"><bdi>978-1-56159-263-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bugle%28i%29&rft.btitle=Grove+Music+Online&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.04270&rft.isbn=978-1-56159-263-0&rft.aulast=Baines&rft.aufirst=Anthony+C.&rft.au=Herbert%2C+Trevor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABugle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragard196859-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragard196859_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragard196859_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBragard1968">Bragard 1968</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GroveTrumpet-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GroveTrumpet_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GroveTrumpet_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GroveTrumpet_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GroveTrumpet_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarkissianTarr2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Sarkissian, Margaret; Tarr, Edward H. (2001). "Trumpet". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians#Grove_Music_Online_and_Oxford_Music_Online" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">Grove Music Online</a></i> (8th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.49912">10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.49912</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0"><bdi>978-1-56159-263-0</bdi></a>. <q>...trumpet disappeared from Europe after the fall of Rome and was not reintroduced until the time of the crusades, when instruments were taken from the Saracens... In Western art before the crusades...animal horns are generally shown.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Trumpet&rft.btitle=Grove+Music+Online&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.49912&rft.isbn=978-1-56159-263-0&rft.aulast=Sarkissian&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.au=Tarr%2C+Edward+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABugle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESachs194048,_280,_384-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESachs194048,_280,_384_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSachs1940">Sachs 1940</a>, p. 48, 280, 384.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tube-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tube_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Pirker1993" class="citation journal cs1">Michael Pirker (Spring 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41604971">"The Looped Trumpet in the Near East"</a>. <i>RIdIM/RCMI Newsletter</i>. <b>18</b> (1). Research Center for Music Iconography, The Graduate Center, City University of New York: 3–8. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41604971">41604971</a>. <q>There is no evidence available on the use of the trumpet in Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire. It made its appearance again from the Orient, via the Crusades, beginning in the eleventh centuru</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RIdIM%2FRCMI+Newsletter&rft.atitle=The+Looped+Trumpet+in+the+Near+East&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-8&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41604971%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Michael+Pirker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41604971&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABugle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BrillBuq-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BrillBuq_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarmer2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Farmer, H.G. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/buk-COM_0127">"Būḳ"</a>. In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/browse/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2"><i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i></a></span> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_0127">10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0127</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004161214" title="Special:BookSources/9789004161214"><bdi>9789004161214</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2023</span>. <q>It is generally acknowledged...that the cylindrical bore instruments were borrowed from the East. Perhaps those buccins Turcs and cors sarrasinois which the Crusading chroniclers record included the nafīr and karnā...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=B%C5%AB%E1%B8%B3&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_0127&rft.isbn=9789004161214&rft.aulast=Farmer&rft.aufirst=H.G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-2%2Fbuk-COM_0127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABugle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GroveNafir-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GroveNafir_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPirker2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Pirker, Michael (2001). "Nafīr". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians#Grove_Music_Online_and_Oxford_Music_Online" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">Grove Music Online</a></i> (8th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.19529">10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.19529</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0"><bdi>978-1-56159-263-0</bdi></a>. <q>The looped trumpet is a European development adopted by Eastern cultures; from the 14th century new forms of trumpets with curved tubes started to appear in Europe, and European instruments then began to supersede the straight trumpet in Islamic societies.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Naf%C4%ABr&rft.btitle=Grove+Music+Online&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.19529&rft.isbn=978-1-56159-263-0&rft.aulast=Pirker&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABugle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerbert201990–1Bugle-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerbert201990–1Bugle_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerbert201990–1Bugle_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerbert201990–1Bugle_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerbert201990–1Bugle_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerbert201990–1Bugle_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerbert201990–1Bugle_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerbert201990–1Bugle_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerbert201990–1Bugle_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHerbert2019">Herbert 2019</a>, p. 90–1, Bugle.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarcuse1964224Halbmond-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarcuse1964224Halbmond_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarcuse1964">Marcuse 1964</a>, p. 224, Halbmond.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarcuse196470Bugle-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarcuse196470Bugle_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarcuse196470Bugle_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarcuse1964">Marcuse 1964</a>, p. 70, Bugle.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071005210959/http://www.army.mod.uk/lightinfantry/history_traditions/dress_drill_customs_traditions/regimental_dress/the_bugle_horn.htm">"History of the Bugle Horn"</a>. British Army. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.army.mod.uk/lightinfantry/history_traditions/dress_drill_customs_traditions/regimental_dress/the_bugle_horn.htm">the original</a> on 5 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Bugle+Horn&rft.pub=British+Army&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.mod.uk%2Flightinfantry%2Fhistory_traditions%2Fdress_drill_customs_traditions%2Fregimental_dress%2Fthe_bugle_horn.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABugle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weinder-ch3-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Weinder-ch3_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeidner2023" class="citation book cs1">Weidner, Brian N. (10 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pressbooks.palni.org/brasstechniquesandpedagogy/chapter/tone-production-fundamentals-on-the-mouthpiece/">"Chapter 3: Tone Production Fundamentals on the Mouthpiece"</a>. <i>Brass Techniques and Pedagogy</i> (2nd ed.). Indianapolis: PALNI Press. <q>The other variable that impacts brass instrument pitch and tone is air. Air can be thought of in many different ways, including quantity and speed. More air or faster air passing through the aperture results in a higher pitch and a fuller tone. Less air or slower air passing through the aperture results in a lower pitch and a softer tone.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+3%3A+Tone+Production+Fundamentals+on+the+Mouthpiece&rft.btitle=Brass+Techniques+and+Pedagogy&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=PALNI+Press&rft.date=2023-08-10&rft.aulast=Weidner&rft.aufirst=Brian+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpressbooks.palni.org%2Fbrasstechniquesandpedagogy%2Fchapter%2Ftone-production-fundamentals-on-the-mouthpiece%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABugle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jiomart.com/p/craftsofindia/generic-gold-color-the-earth-affair-dokra-art-brass-bugle-tribal-trumpet-bastar-art-turi-todi/600928269">"Buy Generic Gold Color The Earth Affair Dokra Art Brass Bugle,tribal Trumpet,bastar Art Turi,todi Online at Best Prices in India - JioMart"</a>. <i>JioMart</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JioMart&rft.atitle=Buy+Generic+Gold+Color+The+Earth+Affair+Dokra+Art+Brass+Bugle%2Ctribal+Trumpet%2Cbastar+Art+Turi%2Ctodi+Online+at+Best+Prices+in+India+-+JioMart.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiomart.com%2Fp%2Fcraftsofindia%2Fgeneric-gold-color-the-earth-affair-dokra-art-brass-bugle-tribal-trumpet-bastar-art-turi-todi%2F600928269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABugle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing" class="citation web cs1">King, Charles Cooper. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/52723/pg52723-images.html">"The Story of the British Army"</a>. <i>gutenberg.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gutenberg.org&rft.atitle=The+Story+of+the+British+Army&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Charles+Cooper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F52723%2Fpg52723-images.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABugle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.army.gov.au/our-heritage/traditions/last-post">"The Last Post | Army.gov.au"</a>. <i>www.army.gov.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.army.gov.au&rft.atitle=The+Last+Post+%7C+Army.gov.au&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.gov.au%2Four-heritage%2Ftraditions%2Flast-post&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABugle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerbertWallace1997139-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerbertWallace1997139_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHerbertWallace1997">Herbert & Wallace 1997</a>, p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerbertWallace1997137-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerbertWallace1997137_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHerbertWallace1997">Herbert & Wallace 1997</a>, p. 137.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bugle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBragard1968" class="citation cs2">Bragard, Roger (1968), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/musicalinstrumen0000unse"><i>Musical instruments in art and history</i></a>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Hopkins_(composer)" title="Bill Hopkins (composer)">Bill Hopkins</a>, New York: <a href="/wiki/Viking_Press" title="Viking Press">Viking Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/68015484">68015484</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/336611">336611</a>, <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116236940" class="extiw" title="d:Q116236940">Q116236940</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Musical+instruments+in+art+and+history&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Viking+Press&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F336611&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F68015484&rft.aulast=Bragard&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmusicalinstrumen0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABugle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChiefari1982" class="citation book cs1">Chiefari, Janet (1982). <i>Introducing the Drum and Bugle Corps</i>. Olympic Marketing Corp. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-396-08088-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-396-08088-X"><bdi>0-396-08088-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introducing+the+Drum+and+Bugle+Corps&rft.pub=Olympic+Marketing+Corp&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-396-08088-X&rft.aulast=Chiefari&rft.aufirst=Janet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABugle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDudgeon2004" class="citation book cs1">Dudgeon, Ralph T. (2004). <i>The Keyed Bugle</i> (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-81085-123-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-81085-123-8"><bdi>978-0-81085-123-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL7996991M">7996991M</a>. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116224505" class="extiw" title="d:Q116224505">Q116224505</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Keyed+Bugle&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL7996991M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-0-81085-123-8&rft.aulast=Dudgeon&rft.aufirst=Ralph+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABugle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbert2019" class="citation book cs1">Herbert, Trevor, ed. (2019). <i>The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Brass Instruments</i>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781316841273">10.1017/9781316841273</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-316-63185-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-316-63185-0"><bdi>978-1-316-63185-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1038492212">1038492212</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL34730943M">34730943M</a>. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114571908" class="extiw" title="d:Q114571908">Q114571908</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Encyclopedia+of+Brass+Instruments&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1038492212&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781316841273&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL34730943M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-1-316-63185-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABugle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbertWallace1997" class="citation book cs1">Herbert, Trevor; Wallace, John, eds. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-companion-to-brass-instruments/04CED6B49A973B50681F98A47950D406"><i>The Cambridge Companion to Brass Instruments</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Companions" title="Cambridge Companions">Cambridge Companions</a>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCCOL9780521563437">10.1017/CCOL9780521563437</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-00203-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-00203-5"><bdi>978-1-139-00203-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/460517551">460517551</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL34482695M">34482695M</a>. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112852613" class="extiw" title="d:Q112852613">Q112852613</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Brass+Instruments&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.series=Cambridge+Companions&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F460517551&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCCOL9780521563437&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL34482695M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-1-139-00203-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fcambridge-companion-to-brass-instruments%2F04CED6B49A973B50681F98A47950D406&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABugle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcuse1964" class="citation book cs1">Marcuse, Sibyl (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/musicalinstrumen00marcus"><i>Musical Instruments: A Comprehensive Dictionary</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a> (published 1975). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-00758-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-00758-9"><bdi>978-0-393-00758-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/924550493">924550493</a>. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113270677" class="extiw" title="d:Q113270677">Q113270677</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Musical+Instruments%3A+A+Comprehensive+Dictionary&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F924550493&rft.isbn=978-0-393-00758-9&rft.aulast=Marcuse&rft.aufirst=Sibyl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmusicalinstrumen00marcus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABugle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSachs1940" class="citation book cs1">Sachs, Curt (1940). <i>The History of Musical Instruments</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-02068-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-02068-1"><bdi>0-393-02068-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/41000559">41000559</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL2594769W">2594769W</a>. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116223746" class="extiw" title="d:Q116223746">Q116223746</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Musical+Instruments&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1940&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fworks%2FOL2594769W%23id-name%3DOL&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F41000559&rft.isbn=0-393-02068-1&rft.aulast=Sachs&rft.aufirst=Curt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABugle" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bugle&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060313095906/https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ammu/ho_1975.270.htm">Bugle in C by Thomas Key and William Trayls, London, 1811</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="The Metropolitan Museum of Art">The Metropolitan Museum of Art</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Brass_instruments" title="Template:Brass instruments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Brass_instruments" title="Template talk:Brass instruments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Brass_instruments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Brass instruments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Brass_instruments" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument" title="Brass instrument">Brass instruments</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Trumpet" title="Trumpet">Trumpet</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contrabass_trumpet" title="Contrabass trumpet">Contrabass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_trumpet" title="Bass trumpet">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccolo_trumpet" title="Piccolo trumpet">Piccolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_trumpet" title="Pocket trumpet">Pocket trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanfare_trumpet" title="Fanfare trumpet">Fanfare trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firebird_(trumpet)" title="Firebird (trumpet)">Firebird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flumpet" title="Flumpet">Flumpet</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cornet" title="Cornet">Cornet</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soprano_cornet" title="Soprano cornet">Soprano cornet</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Horn_(instrument)" title="Horn (instrument)">Horn</a></b> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bugle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_horn" title="French horn">French horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_horn" title="German horn">German horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_horn" title="Vienna horn">Vienna horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_tuba" title="Wagner tuba">Wagner tuba</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Trombone" title="Trombone">Trombone</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contrabass_trombone" title="Contrabass trombone">Contrabass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_trombone" title="Bass trombone">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alto_trombone" title="Alto trombone">Alto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soprano_trombone" title="Soprano trombone">Soprano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superbone" title="Superbone">Superbone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimbasso" title="Cimbasso">Cimbasso</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Saxhorn" title="Saxhorn">Saxhorn</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baritone_horn" title="Baritone horn">Baritone horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenor_horn" title="Tenor horn">Alto/Tenor horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flugelhorn" title="Flugelhorn">Flugelhorn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiscorn" title="Fiscorn">Fiscorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuhlohorn" title="Kuhlohorn">Kuhlohorn</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tuba" title="Tuba">Tuba</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subcontrabass_tuba" title="Subcontrabass tuba">Subcontrabass tuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphonium" title="Euphonium">Euphonium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_bell_euphonium" title="Double bell euphonium">Double bell euphonium</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antiquated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarion_(instrument)" title="Clarion (instrument)">Clarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornett" title="Cornett">Cornett</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornettino" title="Cornettino">Cornettino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mute_cornett" title="Mute cornett">Mute cornett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenor_cornett" title="Tenor cornett">Tenor cornett</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornu_(horn)" title="Cornu (horn)">Cornu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dord_(instrument)" title="Dord (instrument)">Dord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_horn" title="Natural horn">Natural horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_horn" title="Post horn">Post horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_trumpet" title="Natural trumpet">Natural trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_trumpet" title="Baroque trumpet">Baroque trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccina" title="Buccina">Buccina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_trumpet" title="Slide trumpet">Slide trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccin" title="Buccin">Buccin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sackbut" title="Sackbut">Sackbut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helicon_(instrument)" title="Helicon (instrument)">Helicon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soprano_helicon" title="Soprano helicon">Soprano helicon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophicleide" title="Ophicleide">Ophicleide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpent_(instrument)" title="Serpent (instrument)">Serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudrophone" title="Sudrophone">Sudrophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxtuba" title="Saxtuba">Saxtuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxotromba" title="Saxotromba">Saxotromba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazooka_(instrument)" title="Bazooka (instrument)">Bazooka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazzophone" title="Jazzophone">Jazzophone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphorn" title="Alphorn">Alphorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabal_(instrument)" title="Nabal (instrument)">Nabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuvuzela" title="Vuvuzela">Vuvuzela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyele" title="Nyele">Nyele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnyx" title="Carnyx">Carnyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shofar" title="Shofar">Shofar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sringa" title="Sringa">Sringa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_horn" title="Tibetan horn">Tibetan horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazza" title="Wazza">Wazza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marching_brass" title="Marching brass"> Marching</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mellophone" title="Mellophone">Mellophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baritone_horn#Marching_baritone_horn" title="Baritone horn">Marching baritone horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphonium#Marching" title="Euphonium">Marching euphonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trombonium" title="Trombonium">Trombonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sousaphone" title="Sousaphone">Sousaphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrabass_bugle" title="Contrabass bugle">Contrabass bugle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parts/technique</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument_valve" title="Brass instrument valve">Valves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piston_valve" title="Piston valve">Piston valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_valve" title="Rotary valve">Rotary valve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mute_(music)#Brass" title="Mute (music)">Mutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand-stopping" title="Hand-stopping">Hand-stopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embouchure" title="Embouchure">Embouchure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouthpiece_(brass)" title="Mouthpiece (brass)">Mouthpiece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falset_(music)" title="Falset (music)">Falset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedal_tone" title="Pedal tone">Pedal tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bore_(wind_instruments)" title="Bore (wind instruments)">Bore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valve_oil" title="Valve oil">Valve oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crook_(music)" title="Crook (music)">Crook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadpipe" title="Leadpipe">Leadpipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_key" title="Water key">Water key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axial_flow_valve" title="Axial flow valve">Axial flow valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_series_(music)" title="Harmonic series (music)">Harmonic series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ensembles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brass_band" title="Brass band">Brass band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_brass_band" title="British brass band">British brass band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_brass" title="Balkan brass">Balkan brass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brass_quintet" title="Brass quintet">Brass quintet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_and_bugle_corps_(classic)" title="Drum and bugle corps (classic)">Drum and bugle corps (classic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_and_bugle_corps_(modern)" title="Drum and bugle corps (modern)">Drum and bugle corps (modern)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Players</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trumpeters" title="List of trumpeters">(all) Trumpeters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_trumpeters" title="List of jazz trumpeters">Jazz trumpeters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horn_players" title="List of horn players">Horn players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_classical_trombonists" title="List of classical trombonists">Classical trombonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_trombonists" title="List of jazz trombonists">Jazz trombonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_euphonium_players" title="List of euphonium players">Euphonium players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tubists" title="List of tubists">Tubists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_of_brass_instruments" title="Pitch of brass instruments">Pitch of brass instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brass_section" title="Brass section">Brass section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horn_section" title="Horn section">Horn section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_euphonium,_baritone_horn_and_tenor_horn_manufacturers" title="List of euphonium, baritone horn and tenor horn manufacturers">List of euphonium, baritone horn and tenor horn manufacturers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Natural_horns_and_trumpets" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Natural_horns_and_trumpets" title="Template:Natural horns and trumpets"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Natural_horns_and_trumpets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Natural horns and trumpets (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Natural_horns_and_trumpets" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Natural horns and trumpets"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Natural_horns_and_trumpets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Natural_horn" title="Natural horn">Natural horns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_trumpet" title="Natural trumpet">trumpets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphorn" title="Alphorn">Alphorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch_trumpet" title="Birch trumpet">Birch trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccina" title="Buccina">Buccina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucium" title="Bucium">Bucium</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bugle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buisine" title="Buisine">Buisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukkehorn" title="Bukkehorn">Bukkehorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chazozra" title="Chazozra">Chazozra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnyx" title="Carnyx">Carnyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarion_(instrument)" title="Clarion (instrument)">Clarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conch_(instrument)" title="Conch (instrument)">Conch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakgediya" title="Hakgediya">Hakgediya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horagai" title="Horagai">Horagai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagak" title="Nagak">Nagak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steerhorn" title="Steerhorn">Cowhorn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_cowhorn" title="Swedish cowhorn">Swedish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didgeridoo" title="Didgeridoo">Didgeridoo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_didgeridoo_designs" title="Modern didgeridoo designs">modern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dord_(instrument)" title="Dord (instrument)">Dord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embouchure" title="Embouchure">Embouchure</a> & <a href="/wiki/Hand-stopping" title="Hand-stopping">hand-stopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erke" title="Erke">Erke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnal_(instrument)" title="Karnal (instrument)">Karnal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnay" title="Karnay">Karnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lituus" title="Lituus">Lituus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lur" title="Lur">Lur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brudev%C3%A6lte_Lurs" title="Brudevælte Lurs">Brudevælte Lurs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwinter_horn" title="Midwinter horn">Midwinter horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafir" title="Nafir">Nafir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyele" title="Nyele">Nyele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olifant_(instrument)" title="Olifant (instrument)">Olifant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_horn" title="Post horn">Post horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsinga" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramsinga">Ramsinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_tuba" title="Roman tuba">Roman tuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salpinx" title="Salpinx">Salpinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shofar" title="Shofar">Shofar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shofar_blowing" title="Shofar blowing">Rosh Hashanah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sringa" title="Sringa">Sringa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_horn" title="Tibetan horn">Tibetan horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tochacatl" title="Tochacatl">Tochacatl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trembita" title="Trembita">Trembita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tube_trumpet" title="Tube trumpet">Tube trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuvuzela" title="Vuvuzela">Vuvuzela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waqra_phuku" title="Waqra phuku">Waqra phuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazza" title="Wazza">Wazza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1628293#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1628293#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1628293#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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