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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">The Simpsons</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:The_Simpsons" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=The+Simpsons" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-viewsource" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=The_Simpsons&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.viewsource" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-viewsource"> View source </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the television series. For the franchise, see <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_(franchise)" title="The Simpsons (franchise)">The Simpsons (franchise)</a>. For the titular family, see <a href="/wiki/Simpson_family" title="Simpson family">Simpson family</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="The Simpsons (disambiguation)">The Simpsons (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Simpsons" redirects here. For the defunct department store, see <a href="/wiki/Simpsons_(department_store)" title="Simpsons (department store)">Simpsons (department store)</a>. For singular uses of the plural, see <a href="/wiki/Simpson_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Simpson (disambiguation)">Simpson (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1262195746">.mw-parser-output .ib-tv{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0 3px;padding:3px 5px}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv .infobox-above{background-color:#CCCCFF;color:inherit;font-size:125%;padding:0.25em 1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv .infobox-header{background-color:#CCCCFF;color:inherit;padding:0.25em 1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-aka{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-network-release td,.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-network-release th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1}</style>The Simpsons is an American <a href="/wiki/Animated_sitcom" title="Animated sitcom">animated sitcom</a> created by <a href="/wiki/Matt_Groening" title="Matt Groening">Matt Groening</a> and developed by Groening, <a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sam_Simon" title="Sam Simon">Sam Simon</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox Broadcasting Company</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[3]</a> It is a <a href="/wiki/Satire_(film_and_television)" title="Satire (film and television)">satirical</a> depiction of American life, epitomized by the <a href="/wiki/Simpson_family" title="Simpson family">Simpson family</a>, which consists of <a href="/wiki/Homer_Simpson" title="Homer Simpson">Homer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marge_Simpson" title="Marge Simpson">Marge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bart_Simpson" title="Bart Simpson">Bart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Simpson" title="Lisa Simpson">Lisa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maggie_Simpson" title="Maggie Simpson">Maggie</a>. Set in the fictional town of <a href="/wiki/Springfield_(The_Simpsons)" title="Springfield (The Simpsons)">Springfield</a>, it caricatures society, Western culture, television and the <a href="/wiki/Human_condition" title="Human condition">human condition</a>, and is still in current release. <table class="infobox ib-tv vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">The Simpsons</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Simpsons_yellow_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/The_Simpsons_yellow_logo.svg/220px-The_Simpsons_yellow_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/The_Simpsons_yellow_logo.svg/330px-The_Simpsons_yellow_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/The_Simpsons_yellow_logo.svg/440px-The_Simpsons_yellow_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080"></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animated_sitcom" title="Animated sitcom">Animated sitcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">Satire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Matt_Groening" title="Matt Groening">Matt Groening</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a></li> <li>Matt Groening</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Simon" title="Sam Simon">Sam Simon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Showrunners</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li>James L. Brooks</li> <li>Matt Groening</li> <li>Sam Simon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jean" title="Al Jean">Al Jean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Reiss" title="Mike Reiss">Mike Reiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mirkin" title="David Mirkin">David Mirkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Oakley" title="Bill Oakley">Bill Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Weinstein" title="Josh Weinstein">Josh Weinstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Scully" title="Mike Scully">Mike Scully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Selman" title="Matt Selman">Matt Selman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Voices of</th><td class="infobox-data attendee"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Castellaneta" title="Dan Castellaneta">Dan Castellaneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Kavner" title="Julie Kavner">Julie Kavner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Cartwright" title="Nancy Cartwright">Nancy Cartwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeardley_Smith" title="Yeardley Smith">Yeardley Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Azaria" title="Hank Azaria">Hank Azaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Shearer" title="Harry Shearer">Harry Shearer</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Simpsons_cast_members" title="List of The Simpsons cast members">Complete list</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Theme music composer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Danny_Elfman" title="Danny Elfman">Danny Elfman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opening theme</th><td class="infobox-data">"<a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_Theme" title="The Simpsons Theme">The Simpsons Theme</a>"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ending theme</th><td class="infobox-data">"The Simpsons Theme" (reprise)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Composers</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gibbs" title="Richard Gibbs">Richard Gibbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alf_Clausen" title="Alf Clausen">Alf Clausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Fingers_Music" title="Bleeding Fingers Music">Bleeding Fingers Music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of seasons</th><td class="infobox-data">36</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of episodes</th><td class="infobox-data">782 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Simpsons_episodes" title="List of The Simpsons episodes">list of episodes</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header summary">Production</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Executive producer</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>Various</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li>James L. Brooks</li> <li>Matt Groening</li> <li>Al Jean</li> <li>Matt Selman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Frink" title="John Frink">John Frink</a></li> <li>Sam Simon</li> <li>Mike Reiss</li> <li>David Mirkin</li> <li>Bill Oakley</li> <li>Josh Weinstein</li> <li>Mike Scully</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_X._Cohen" title="David X. Cohen">David X. Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Meyer" title="George Meyer">George Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Omine" title="Carolyn Omine">Carolyn Omine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Long" title="Tim Long">Tim Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Maxtone-Graham" title="Ian Maxtone-Graham">Ian Maxtone-Graham</a></li></ul> </div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Producers</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonita_Pietila" title="Bonita Pietila">Bonita Pietila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Raynis" title="Richard Raynis">Richard Raynis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Sakai" title="Richard Sakai">Richard Sakai</a></li> <li>Denise Sirkot</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Editors</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Don Barrozo</li> <li>Michael Bridge</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Running time</th><td class="infobox-data">21–24 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Production companies</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gracie_Films" title="Gracie Films">Gracie Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Television" title="20th Television">20th Television</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[a]</a> (seasons 1–32)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Television_Animation" title="20th Television Animation">20th Television Animation</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[b]</a> (season 33–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header summary">Original release</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Network</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a> <a href="/wiki/Disney%2B" title="Disney+">Disney+</a> (from 2024, select episodes)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Release</th><td class="infobox-data">December 17, 1989 (1989-12-17) – present</td></tr></tbody></table> The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_shorts" title="The Simpsons shorts">animated shorts</a> with producer Brooks. He created a <a href="/wiki/Dysfunctional_family" title="Dysfunctional family">dysfunctional family</a> and named the characters after his own family members, substituting Bart for his own name; he thought Simpson was a funny name in that it sounded similar to "<a href="/wiki/Simpleton" title="Simpleton">simpleton</a>".<a href="#cite_note-6">[4]</a> The shorts became a part of <a href="/wiki/The_Tracey_Ullman_Show" title="The Tracey Ullman Show">The Tracey Ullman Show</a> on April 19, 1987. After three seasons, the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became Fox's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season (1989–1990). Since its debut on December 17, 1989, <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Simpsons_episodes" title="List of The Simpsons episodes">782 episodes</a> of the show have been broadcast. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_longest-running_United_States_television_series" class="mw-redirect" title="List of longest-running United States television series">longest-running American animated series</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_longest-running_U.S._primetime_television_series" class="mw-redirect" title="List of longest-running U.S. primetime television series">longest-running American sitcom</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_longest-running_scripted_U.S._primetime_television_series" class="mw-redirect" title="List of longest-running scripted U.S. primetime television series">longest-running American scripted primetime television series</a>, both in seasons and individual episodes. A feature-length film, <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_Movie" title="The Simpsons Movie">The Simpsons Movie</a>, was released in theaters worldwide on July 27, 2007, to critical and commercial success, with a sequel in development as of 2024. The series has also spawned numerous <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Simpsons_comics" title="List of The Simpsons comics">comic book series</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Simpsons_video_games" title="List of The Simpsons video games">video games</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Simpsons_books" title="List of The Simpsons books">books</a> and other related media, as well as a billion-dollar <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_(franchise)#Merchandise" title="The Simpsons (franchise)">merchandising industry</a>. The Simpsons was initially a joint production by <a href="/wiki/Gracie_Films" title="Gracie Films">Gracie Films</a> and <a href="/wiki/20th_Television" title="20th Television">20th Television</a>; 20th Television's involvement was later moved to <a href="/wiki/20th_Television_Animation" title="20th Television Animation">20th Television Animation</a>, a separate unit of <a href="/wiki/Disney_Television_Studios" title="Disney Television Studios">Disney Television Studios</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[5]</a> On January 26, 2023, the series was renewed for its 35th and 36th seasons, taking the show through the 2024–25 television season.<a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a> The two seasons contain a combined total of 51 episodes. Seven of these episodes are season 34 holdovers, while the other 44 will be produced in the production cycle of the upcoming seasons, bringing the show's overall episode total up to 801.<a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a> Season 35 premiered on October 1, 2023.<a href="#cite_note-10">[8]</a> Season 36 premiered on September 29, 2024.<a href="#cite_note-11">[9]</a> The Simpsons received widespread acclaim throughout its early seasons in the 1990s, which are generally considered its "golden age". Since then, it has been criticized for a <a href="#Perceived_decline_in_quality">perceived decline in quality</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> named it the 20th century's best television series,<a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a> and Erik Adams of <a href="/wiki/The_A.V._Club" title="The A.V. Club">The A.V. Club</a> named it "television's crowning achievement regardless of format".<a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a> On January 14, 2000, the Simpson family was awarded a star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a>. It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series, including 37 <a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Primetime Emmy Award">Primetime Emmy Awards</a>, 34 <a href="/wiki/Annie_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Annie Award">Annie Awards</a>, and 2 <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Peabody Award">Peabody Awards</a>. Homer's exclamatory catchphrase of "<a href="/wiki/D%27oh!" title="D'oh!">D'oh!</a>" has been adopted into the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a>, while The Simpsons has influenced many other later adult-oriented animated sitcom television series. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Premise">1 Premise</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Characters">1.1 Characters</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Continuity_and_the_floating_timeline">1.2 Continuity and the floating timeline</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Setting">1.3 Setting</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Production">2 Production</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Development">2.1 Development</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Executive_producers_and_showrunners">2.2 Executive producers and showrunners</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Writing">2.3 Writing</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Voice_actors">2.4 Voice actors</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Animation">2.5 Animation</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Themes">3 Themes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Hallmarks">4 Hallmarks</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Opening_sequence">4.1 Opening sequence</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Halloween_episodes">4.2 Halloween episodes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Humor">4.3 Humor</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Purported_foreshadowing_of_actual_events">4.3.1 Purported foreshadowing of actual events</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Influence_and_legacy">5 Influence and legacy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Idioms">5.1 Idioms</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Television">5.2 Television</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#LGBT_representation">5.3 LGBT representation</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Release">6 Release</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Broadcast">6.1 Broadcast</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Syndication">6.2 Syndication</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Streaming_and_digital_sell-through">6.3 Streaming and digital sell-through</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Reception_and_achievements">7 Reception and achievements</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Early_success">7.1 Early success</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Run_length_achievements">7.2 Run length achievements</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Awards_and_honors">7.3 Awards and honors</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Criticism">7.4 Criticism</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-30"><a href="#Controversy">7.4.1 Controversy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"><a href="#Bans">7.4.2 Bans</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-32"><a href="#Perceived_decline_in_quality">7.4.3 Perceived decline in quality</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-33"><a href="#Race_controversy">7.4.4 Race controversy</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#Other_media">8 Other media</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Comic_books">8.1 Comic books</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#Film">8.2 Film</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#Music">8.3 Music</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#The_Simpsons_Ride">8.4 The Simpsons Ride</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#Video_games">8.5 Video games</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#Merchandise">9 Merchandise</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#Notes">10 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#References">11 References</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="#Bibliography">11.1 Bibliography</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="#Further_reading">12 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45"><a href="#External_links">13 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Premise">Premise</h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Characters">Characters</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Simpsons_characters" title="List of The Simpsons characters">List of The Simpsons characters</a></div> The main characters are the <a href="/wiki/Simpson_family" title="Simpson family">Simpson family</a>, who live in the fictional "<a href="/wiki/Middle_America_(United_States)" title="Middle America (United States)">Middle America</a>" town of Springfield.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner200428-14">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Homer_Simpson" title="Homer Simpson">Homer</a>, the father, works as a safety inspector at the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Nuclear_Power_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield Nuclear Power Plant">Springfield Nuclear Power Plant</a>, a position at odds with his careless, buffoonish personality. He is married to <a href="/wiki/Marge_Simpson" title="Marge Simpson">Marge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a> Bouvier), a stereotypical American housewife and mother. They have three children: <a href="/wiki/Bart_Simpson" title="Bart Simpson">Bart</a>, a ten-year-old troublemaker and prankster; <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Simpson" title="Lisa Simpson">Lisa</a>, a precocious eight-year-old activist; and <a href="/wiki/Maggie_Simpson" title="Maggie Simpson">Maggie</a> (named by Bart),<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> the baby of the family who rarely speaks, but communicates by sucking on a pacifier. Although the family is dysfunctional, many episodes examine their relationships and bonds with each other and they are often shown to care about one another.<a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a> The family also owns a <a href="/wiki/Greyhound" title="Greyhound">greyhound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa%27s_Little_Helper" title="Santa's Little Helper">Santa's Little Helper</a>, (who first appeared in the episode "<a href="/wiki/Simpsons_Roasting_on_an_Open_Fire" title="Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire">Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire</a>") and a cat, <a href="/wiki/Snowball_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowball II">Snowball II</a>, who is replaced by a cat, also named Snowball II, in the fifteenth-season episode "<a href="/wiki/I,_(Annoyed_Grunt)-Bot" title="I, (Annoyed Grunt)-Bot">I, (Annoyed Grunt)-Bot</a>".<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> Extended members of the Simpson and Bouvier family in the main cast include Homer's father <a href="/wiki/Grampa_Simpson" title="Grampa Simpson">Abe</a> and Marge's sisters <a href="/wiki/Patty_and_Selma" title="Patty and Selma">Patty and Selma</a>. Marge's mother <a href="/wiki/Simpson_family#Jacqueline_Bouvier" title="Simpson family">Jacqueline</a> and Homer's mother <a href="/wiki/Mona_Simpson_(The_Simpsons)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mona Simpson (The Simpsons)">Mona</a> appear less frequently. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simpsons_cast.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ca/Simpsons_cast.png/440px-Simpsons_cast.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="187"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 440px;height: 154px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ca/Simpsons_cast.png/440px-Simpsons_cast.png" data-width="440" data-height="154" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/ca/Simpsons_cast.png 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The Simpsons sports a vast array of secondary and tertiary characters</figcaption></figure> The show includes a vast array of quirky supporting characters, which include Homer's friends <a href="/wiki/Barney_Gumble" title="Barney Gumble">Barney Gumble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lenny_Leonard" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenny Leonard">Lenny Leonard</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Carlson" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Carlson">Carl Carlson</a>; the school principal <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Skinner" class="mw-redirect" title="Seymour Skinner">Seymour Skinner</a> and staff members such as <a href="/wiki/Edna_Krabappel" title="Edna Krabappel">Edna Krabappel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Groundskeeper_Willie" title="Groundskeeper Willie">Groundskeeper Willie</a>; students such as <a href="/wiki/Milhouse_Van_Houten" title="Milhouse Van Houten">Milhouse Van Houten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Muntz" title="Nelson Muntz">Nelson Muntz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Wiggum" title="Ralph Wiggum">Ralph Wiggum</a>; shopkeepers such as <a href="/wiki/Apu_Nahasapeemapetilon" title="Apu Nahasapeemapetilon">Apu Nahasapeemapetilon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comic_Book_Guy" title="Comic Book Guy">Comic Book Guy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Moe_Szyslak" title="Moe Szyslak">Moe Szyslak</a>; government figures <a href="/wiki/Mayor_Quimby" title="Mayor Quimby">Mayor "Diamond" Joe Quimby</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clancy_Wiggum" class="mw-redirect" title="Clancy Wiggum">Clancy Wiggum</a>; next-door neighbor <a href="/wiki/Ned_Flanders" title="Ned Flanders">Ned Flanders</a>; local celebrities such as <a href="/wiki/Krusty_the_Clown" title="Krusty the Clown">Krusty the Clown</a> and news reporter <a href="/wiki/Kent_Brockman" title="Kent Brockman">Kent Brockman</a>; nuclear tycoon <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Burns" class="mw-redirect" title="Montgomery Burns">Montgomery Burns</a> and his devoted assistant <a href="/wiki/Waylon_Smithers" title="Waylon Smithers">Waylon Smithers</a>; and <a href="/wiki/List_of_recurring_The_Simpsons_characters" title="List of recurring The Simpsons characters">many more</a>. The creators originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town. A number of them have gained expanded roles and subsequently starred in their own episodes. According to Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the comedy show <a href="/wiki/Second_City_Television" title="Second City Television">SCTV</a>.<a href="#cite_note-avclub1-18">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Continuity_and_the_floating_timeline">Continuity and the floating timeline</h3></div> Despite the depiction of yearly milestones such as holidays or birthdays passing, the characters never age. The series uses a <a href="/wiki/Floating_timeline" title="Floating timeline">floating timeline</a> in which episodes generally take place in the year the episode is produced. Flashbacks and flashforwards do occasionally depict the characters at other points in their lives, with the timeline of these depictions also generally floating relative to the year the episode is produced. For example, the 1991 episodes "<a href="/wiki/The_Way_We_Was" title="The Way We Was">The Way We Was</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/I_Married_Marge" title="I Married Marge">I Married Marge</a>" depict Homer and Marge as high schoolers in the 1970s who had Bart (who is always 10 years old) in the early '80s, while the 2008 episode "<a href="/wiki/That_%2790s_Show_(The_Simpsons)" title="That '90s Show (The Simpsons)">That '90s Show</a>" depicts Homer and Marge as a childless couple in the '90s, and the 2021 episode "<a href="/wiki/Do_Pizza_Bots_Dream_of_Electric_Guitars" title="Do Pizza Bots Dream of Electric Guitars">Do Pizza Bots Dream of Electric Guitars</a>" portrays Homer as an adolescent in the same period. The 1995 episode "<a href="/wiki/Lisa%27s_Wedding" title="Lisa's Wedding">Lisa's Wedding</a>" takes place during Lisa's college years in the then-future year of 2010, the same year the show began airing its <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_22" title="The Simpsons season 22">22nd season</a>, in which Lisa was still 8. Regarding the contradictory flashbacks, Selman stated that "they all kind of happened in their imaginary world".<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> The show follows a loose and inconsistent continuity. For example, <a href="/wiki/Krusty_the_Clown" title="Krusty the Clown">Krusty the Clown</a> may be able to read in one episode, but not in <a href="/wiki/Krusty_Gets_Busted" title="Krusty Gets Busted">another</a>. However, it is consistently portrayed that he is <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a>, that his father was a <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a>, and that his career began in the 1960s. The latter point introduces another snag in the floating timeline: historical periods that are a core part of a character's backstory remain so even when their age makes it unlikely or impossible, such as <a href="/wiki/Grampa_Simpson" title="Grampa Simpson">Grampa Simpson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Principal_Skinner" title="Principal Skinner">Principal Skinner</a>'s respective service in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam</a>. The only episodes not part of the series' main canon are the <a href="/wiki/Treehouse_of_Horror" title="Treehouse of Horror">Treehouse of Horror</a> episodes, which often feature the deaths of main characters. Characters who die in "regular" episodes, such as <a href="/wiki/Maude_Flanders" class="mw-redirect" title="Maude Flanders">Maude Flanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mona_Simpson_(The_Simpsons)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mona Simpson (The Simpsons)">Mona Simpson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edna_Krabappel" title="Edna Krabappel">Edna Krabappel</a>, etc, however, stay dead. An exception to this is <a href="/wiki/Hans_Moleman" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Moleman">Hans Moleman</a>, who is often killed in his appearances - as of 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Simpsons&action=edit">[update]</a> he has been killed 26 times only to reappear later.<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> Most episodes end with the <a href="/wiki/Status_quo" title="Status quo">status quo</a> being restored, though occasionally major changes will stick, such as Lisa's conversions to <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">vegetarianism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, the divorce of <a href="/wiki/Milhouse_van_Houten" class="mw-redirect" title="Milhouse van Houten">Milhouse van Houten</a>'s parents, and the marriage and subsequent parenthood of <a href="/wiki/Apu_Nahasapeemapetilon" title="Apu Nahasapeemapetilon">Apu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manjula_Nahasapeemapetilon" class="mw-redirect" title="Manjula Nahasapeemapetilon">Manjula</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Setting">Setting</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Springfield_(The_Simpsons)" title="Springfield (The Simpsons)">Springfield (The Simpsons)</a></div> The Simpsons takes place in a fictional American town called <a href="/wiki/Springfield_(The_Simpsons)" title="Springfield (The Simpsons)">Springfield</a>. Although there are many real settlements in America named Springfield,<a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a> the town the show is set in is fictional. The state it is in is not established. In fact, the show is intentionally evasive with regard to Springfield's location.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner2004289%E2%80%93290-22">[20]</a> Springfield's geography and that of its surroundings is inconsistent: from one episode to another, it may have coastlines, deserts, vast farmland, mountains, or whatever the story or joke requires.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner200430-23">[21]</a> Groening has said that Springfield has much in common with <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>, the city where he grew up.<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> Groening has said that he named it after <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Oregon" title="Springfield, Oregon">Springfield, Oregon</a>, and the fictitious Springfield which was the setting of the series <a href="/wiki/Father_Knows_Best" title="Father Knows Best">Father Knows Best</a>. He "figured out that Springfield was one of the most common names for a city in the U.S. In anticipation of the success of the show, I thought, 'This will be cool; everyone will think it's their Springfield.' And they do."<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> Many landmarks, including street names, have connections to Portland.<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_The_Simpsons" title="History of The Simpsons">History of The Simpsons</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_shorts" title="The Simpsons shorts">The Simpsons shorts</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jameslbrooks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Jameslbrooks.jpg/170px-Jameslbrooks.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="407"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 220px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Jameslbrooks.jpg/170px-Jameslbrooks.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="220" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Jameslbrooks.jpg/255px-Jameslbrooks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Jameslbrooks.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a> (pictured) asked <a href="/wiki/Matt_Groening" title="Matt Groening">Matt Groening</a> to create a series of animated shorts for <a href="/wiki/The_Tracey_Ullman_Show" title="The Tracey Ullman Show">The Tracey Ullman Show</a>.</figcaption></figure> When producer <a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a> was working on the television variety show <a href="/wiki/The_Tracey_Ullman_Show" title="The Tracey Ullman Show">The Tracey Ullman Show</a>, he decided to include small animated sketches before and after the commercial breaks. Having seen one of cartoonist <a href="/wiki/Matt_Groening" title="Matt Groening">Matt Groening</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Life_in_Hell" title="Life in Hell">Life in Hell</a> comic strips, Brooks asked Groening to pitch an idea for a series of animated shorts. Groening initially intended to present an animated version of his Life in Hell series.<a href="#cite_note-americasfirstfamily-27">[25]</a> However, Groening later realized that animating Life in Hell would require the rescinding of <a href="/wiki/Publication_right" title="Publication right">publication rights</a> for his life's work. He therefore chose another approach while waiting in the lobby of Brooks's office for the pitch meeting, hurriedly formulating his version of a dysfunctional family that became the Simpsons.<a href="#cite_note-americasfirstfamily-27">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> He named the characters after his own family members, substituting "Bart" for his own name, adopting an <a href="/wiki/Anagram" title="Anagram">anagram</a> of the word "brat".<a href="#cite_note-americasfirstfamily-27">[25]</a> The Simpson family first appeared as <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_shorts" title="The Simpsons shorts">shorts</a> in The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19, 1987.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichmond_&_Coffman199714-29">[27]</a> Groening submitted only basic sketches to the animators and assumed that the figures would be cleaned up in production. However, the animators merely re-traced his drawings, which led to the crude appearance of the characters in the initial shorts.<a href="#cite_note-americasfirstfamily-27">[25]</a> The animation was produced domestically at <a href="/wiki/Klasky_Csupo" title="Klasky Csupo">Klasky Csupo</a>,<a href="#cite_note-animation-30">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck2005239-31">[29]</a> with <a href="/wiki/Wes_Archer" title="Wes Archer">Wes Archer</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Silverman_(animator)" title="David Silverman (animator)">David Silverman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Kopp" title="Bill Kopp">Bill Kopp</a> being animators for the first season.<a href="#cite_note-silverman-32">[30]</a> The colorist, "Georgie" Gyorgyi Kovacs Peluce (Kovács Györgyike)<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a> made the characters yellow; as Bart, Lisa, and Maggie have no hairlines, she felt they would look strange if they were flesh-colored. Groening supported the decision, saying: "Marge is yellow with blue hair? That's hilarious — let's do it!"<a href="#cite_note-silverman-32">[30]</a> In 1989, a team of production companies adapted The Simpsons into a half-hour series for the <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox Broadcasting Company</a>. The team included the Klasky Csupo animation house. Brooks negotiated a provision in the contract with the Fox network that prevented Fox from interfering with the show's content.<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> Groening said his goal in creating the show was to offer the audience an alternative to what he called "the mainstream trash" that they were watching.<a href="#cite_note-toonterrific-40">[38]</a> The half-hour series premiered on December 17, 1989, with "<a href="/wiki/Simpsons_Roasting_on_an_Open_Fire" title="Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire">Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire</a>".<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> "<a href="/wiki/Some_Enchanted_Evening_(The_Simpsons)" title="Some Enchanted Evening (The Simpsons)">Some Enchanted Evening</a>" was the first full-length episode produced, but it did not broadcast until May 1990, as the last episode of the first season, because of animation problems.<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> In 1992, <a href="/wiki/Tracey_Ullman" title="Tracey Ullman">Tracey Ullman</a> filed a lawsuit against Fox, claiming that her show was the source of the series' success. The suit said she should receive a share of the profits of The Simpsons<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a>—a claim rejected by the courts.<a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_producers_and_showrunners">Executive producers and showrunners</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MattGroening-byPhilipRomano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/MattGroening-byPhilipRomano.jpg/170px-MattGroening-byPhilipRomano.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4024" data-file-height="6048"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 256px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/MattGroening-byPhilipRomano.jpg/170px-MattGroening-byPhilipRomano.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="256" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/MattGroening-byPhilipRomano.jpg/255px-MattGroening-byPhilipRomano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/MattGroening-byPhilipRomano.jpg/340px-MattGroening-byPhilipRomano.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Matt_Groening" title="Matt Groening">Matt Groening</a>, the creator of The Simpsons</figcaption></figure> <div style="width:40em; font-size:85%; padding-left:5px; width:360px; float:right; margin-left:1em; padding:0.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; color: black; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;"> List of showrunners throughout the series' run: <ul><li>Season 1–2: <a href="/wiki/Matt_Groening" title="Matt Groening">Matt Groening</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Sam_Simon" title="Sam Simon">Sam Simon</a></li> <li>Season 3–4: <a href="/wiki/Al_Jean" title="Al Jean">Al Jean</a> & <a href="/wiki/Mike_Reiss" title="Mike Reiss">Mike Reiss</a></li> <li>Season 5–6: <a href="/wiki/David_Mirkin" title="David Mirkin">David Mirkin</a></li> <li>Season 7–8: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Oakley" title="Bill Oakley">Bill Oakley</a> & <a href="/wiki/Josh_Weinstein" title="Josh Weinstein">Josh Weinstein</a></li> <li>Season 9–12: <a href="/wiki/Mike_Scully" title="Mike Scully">Mike Scully</a></li> <li>Season 13–31: <a href="/wiki/Al_Jean" title="Al Jean">Al Jean</a></li> <li>Season 32–present: <a href="/wiki/Al_Jean" title="Al Jean">Al Jean</a> & <a href="/wiki/Matt_Selman" title="Matt Selman">Matt Selman</a></li></ul> </div> Matt Groening and James L. Brooks have served as executive producers during the show's entire history, and also function as creative consultants. <a href="/wiki/Sam_Simon" title="Sam Simon">Sam Simon</a>, described by former Simpsons director <a href="/wiki/Brad_Bird" title="Brad Bird">Brad Bird</a> as "the unsung hero" of the show,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrtved200959-45">[43]</a> served as creative supervisor for the first four seasons. He was constantly at odds with Groening, Brooks and the show's production company <a href="/wiki/Gracie_Films" title="Gracie Films">Gracie Films</a> and left in 1993.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrtved2009146%E2%80%93149-46">[44]</a> Before leaving, he negotiated a deal that sees him receive a share of the profits every year, and an executive producer credit despite not having worked on the show since 1993,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrtved2009146%E2%80%93149-46">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> at least until his death in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> A more involved position on the show is the <a href="/wiki/Showrunner" title="Showrunner">showrunner</a>, who acts as head writer and manages the show's production for an entire season.<a href="#cite_note-silverman-32">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writing">Writing</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Simpsons_writers" title="List of The Simpsons writers">List of The Simpsons writers</a></div> The first team of writers, assembled by Sam Simon, consisted of <a href="/wiki/John_Swartzwelder" title="John Swartzwelder">John Swartzwelder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jon_Vitti" title="Jon Vitti">Jon Vitti</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Meyer" title="George Meyer">George Meyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Martin_(writer)" title="Jeff Martin (writer)">Jeff Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Jean" title="Al Jean">Al Jean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Reiss" title="Mike Reiss">Mike Reiss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jay_Kogen" title="Jay Kogen">Jay Kogen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Wolodarsky" title="Wallace Wolodarsky">Wallace Wolodarsky</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrtved200958-49">[47]</a> Newer Simpsons' writing teams typically consist of sixteen writers who propose episode ideas at the beginning of each December.<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a> The main writer of each episode writes the first draft. Group rewriting sessions develop final scripts by adding or removing jokes, inserting scenes, and calling for re-readings of lines by the show's vocal performers.<a href="#cite_note-meyer-51">[49]</a> Until 2004,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrtved2009199-52">[50]</a> George Meyer, who had developed the show since the first season, was active in these sessions. According to long-time writer Jon Vitti, Meyer usually invented the best lines in a given episode, even though other writers may receive script credits.<a href="#cite_note-meyer-51">[49]</a> Each episode takes approximately six months to produce, so the show rarely comments on current events.<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simpsons_writers2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Simpsons_writers2.jpg/300px-Simpsons_writers2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1173" data-file-height="781"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 200px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Simpsons_writers2.jpg/300px-Simpsons_writers2.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Simpsons_writers2.jpg/450px-Simpsons_writers2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Simpsons_writers2.jpg/600px-Simpsons_writers2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Part of the writing staff of The Simpsons in 1992. Back row, left to right: Mike Mendel, Colin A. B. V. Lewis (partial), Jeff Goldstein, <a href="/wiki/Al_Jean" title="Al Jean">Al Jean</a> (partial), <a href="/wiki/Conan_O%27Brien" title="Conan O'Brien">Conan O'Brien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Oakley" title="Bill Oakley">Bill Oakley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josh_Weinstein" title="Josh Weinstein">Josh Weinstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Reiss" title="Mike Reiss">Mike Reiss</a>, Ken Tsumura, <a href="/wiki/George_Meyer" title="George Meyer">George Meyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Swartzwelder" title="John Swartzwelder">John Swartzwelder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jon_Vitti" title="Jon Vitti">Jon Vitti</a> (partial), CJ Gibson, and <a href="/wiki/David_M._Stern" title="David M. Stern">David M. Stern</a>. Front row, left to right: Dee Capelli, <a href="/wiki/Lona_Williams" title="Lona Williams">Lona Williams</a>, and unknown.</figcaption></figure> Credited with sixty episodes, <a href="/wiki/John_Swartzwelder" title="John Swartzwelder">John Swartzwelder</a> is the most prolific writer on The Simpsons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner200421-54">[52]</a> One of the best-known former writers is <a href="/wiki/Conan_O%27Brien" title="Conan O'Brien">Conan O'Brien</a>, who contributed to several episodes in the early 1990s before replacing <a href="/wiki/David_Letterman" title="David Letterman">David Letterman</a> as host of the talk show <a href="/wiki/Late_Night_with_Conan_O%27Brien" title="Late Night with Conan O'Brien">Late Night</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> English comedian <a href="/wiki/Ricky_Gervais" title="Ricky Gervais">Ricky Gervais</a> wrote the episode "<a href="/wiki/Homer_Simpson,_This_Is_Your_Wife" title="Homer Simpson, This Is Your Wife">Homer Simpson, This Is Your Wife</a>", becoming the first celebrity both to write and guest star in the same episode.<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> <a href="/wiki/Seth_Rogen" title="Seth Rogen">Seth Rogen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evan_Goldberg" title="Evan Goldberg">Evan Goldberg</a>, writers of the film <a href="/wiki/Superbad" title="Superbad">Superbad</a>, wrote the episode "<a href="/wiki/Homer_the_Whopper" title="Homer the Whopper">Homer the Whopper</a>", with Rogen voicing a character in it.<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> At the end of 2007, the writers of The Simpsons <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike">went on strike</a> together with the other members of the <a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America,_East" title="Writers Guild of America, East">Writers Guild of America, East</a>. The show's writers had joined the guild in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a> In May 2023, the writers of The Simpsons <a href="/wiki/2023_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="2023 Writers Guild of America strike">went on strike</a> together with the other members of the <a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America,_East" title="Writers Guild of America, East">Writers Guild of America, East</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voice_actors">Voice actors</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Simpsons_cast_members" title="List of The Simpsons cast members">List of The Simpsons cast members</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Simpsons_guest_stars" class="mw-redirect" title="List of The Simpsons guest stars">List of The Simpsons guest stars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Non-English_versions_of_The_Simpsons" title="Non-English versions of The Simpsons">Non-English versions of The Simpsons</a></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; margin-right:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9">Cast members </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Dan_Castellaneta_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Dan_Castellaneta_cropped.jpg/84px-Dan_Castellaneta_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="245"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 84px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Dan_Castellaneta_cropped.jpg/84px-Dan_Castellaneta_cropped.jpg" data-width="84" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Dan_Castellaneta_cropped.jpg/126px-Dan_Castellaneta_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Dan_Castellaneta_cropped.jpg/168px-Dan_Castellaneta_cropped.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Julie_Kavner_1974.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Julie_Kavner_1974.JPG/101px-Julie_Kavner_1974.JPG" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="745" data-file-height="887"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 101px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Julie_Kavner_1974.JPG/101px-Julie_Kavner_1974.JPG" data-width="101" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Julie_Kavner_1974.JPG/151px-Julie_Kavner_1974.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Julie_Kavner_1974.JPG/201px-Julie_Kavner_1974.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:NancyCartwright2019_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/NancyCartwright2019_%28cropped%29.png/87px-NancyCartwright2019_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="966"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 87px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/NancyCartwright2019_%28cropped%29.png/87px-NancyCartwright2019_%28cropped%29.png" data-width="87" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/NancyCartwright2019_%28cropped%29.png/130px-NancyCartwright2019_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/NancyCartwright2019_%28cropped%29.png/174px-NancyCartwright2019_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:YeardleySmith2019.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/YeardleySmith2019.png/111px-YeardleySmith2019.png" decoding="async" width="111" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="908"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 111px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/YeardleySmith2019.png/111px-YeardleySmith2019.png" data-width="111" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/YeardleySmith2019.png/166px-YeardleySmith2019.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/YeardleySmith2019.png/222px-YeardleySmith2019.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Hank_Azaria_(25755582981)_(cropped1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hank_Azaria_%2825755582981%29_%28cropped1%29.jpg/120px-Hank_Azaria_%2825755582981%29_%28cropped1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="984" data-file-height="982"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hank_Azaria_%2825755582981%29_%28cropped1%29.jpg/120px-Hank_Azaria_%2825755582981%29_%28cropped1%29.jpg" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hank_Azaria_%2825755582981%29_%28cropped1%29.jpg/180px-Hank_Azaria_%2825755582981%29_%28cropped1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hank_Azaria_%2825755582981%29_%28cropped1%29.jpg/240px-Hank_Azaria_%2825755582981%29_%28cropped1%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Harry_Shearer_(33906701158)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Harry_Shearer_%2833906701158%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/89px-Harry_Shearer_%2833906701158%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1669" data-file-height="2244"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 89px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Harry_Shearer_%2833906701158%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/89px-Harry_Shearer_%2833906701158%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="89" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Harry_Shearer_%2833906701158%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/134px-Harry_Shearer_%2833906701158%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Harry_Shearer_%2833906701158%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/178px-Harry_Shearer_%2833906701158%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:16%;"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Castellaneta" title="Dan Castellaneta">Dan Castellaneta</a> </td> <td style="width:16%;"><a href="/wiki/Julie_Kavner" title="Julie Kavner">Julie Kavner</a> </td> <td style="width:16%;"><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Cartwright" title="Nancy Cartwright">Nancy Cartwright</a> </td> <td style="width:16%;"><a href="/wiki/Yeardley_Smith" title="Yeardley Smith">Yeardley Smith</a> </td> <td style="width:16%;"><a href="/wiki/Hank_Azaria" title="Hank Azaria">Hank Azaria</a> </td> <td style="width:16%;"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Shearer" title="Harry Shearer">Harry Shearer</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:16%;"><a href="/wiki/Homer_Simpson" title="Homer Simpson">Homer Simpson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abe_Simpson" class="mw-redirect" title="Abe Simpson">Abe Simpson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krusty_the_Clown" title="Krusty the Clown">Krusty the Clown</a>, various characters </td> <td style="width:16%;"><a href="/wiki/Marge_Simpson" title="Marge Simpson">Marge Simpson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patty_and_Selma_Bouvier" class="mw-redirect" title="Patty and Selma Bouvier">Patty and Selma Bouvier</a>, additional voices </td> <td style="width:16%;"><a href="/wiki/Bart_Simpson" title="Bart Simpson">Bart Simpson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maggie_Simpson" title="Maggie Simpson">Maggie Simpson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Muntz" title="Nelson Muntz">Nelson Muntz</a>, various characters </td> <td style="width:16%;"><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Simpson" title="Lisa Simpson">Lisa Simpson</a> </td> <td style="width:16%;"><a href="/wiki/Moe_Szyslak" title="Moe Szyslak">Moe Szyslak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Wiggum" title="Chief Wiggum">Chief Wiggum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apu_Nahasapeemapetilon" title="Apu Nahasapeemapetilon">Apu Nahasapeemapetilon</a> (1990–2020), <a href="/wiki/Lou_(The_Simpsons)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lou (The Simpsons)">Lou</a> (1990–2020), various characters </td> <td style="width:16%;"><a href="/wiki/Ned_Flanders" title="Ned Flanders">Ned Flanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mr._Burns" title="Mr. Burns">Mr. Burns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dr._Hibbert" title="Dr. Hibbert">Dr. Hibbert</a> (1990–2021), <a href="/wiki/Waylon_Smithers" title="Waylon Smithers">Waylon Smithers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principal_Skinner" title="Principal Skinner">Principal Skinner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reverend_Lovejoy" title="Reverend Lovejoy">Reverend Lovejoy</a>, various characters </td></tr></tbody></table> The Simpsons has six main cast members: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Castellaneta" title="Dan Castellaneta">Dan Castellaneta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julie_Kavner" title="Julie Kavner">Julie Kavner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Cartwright" title="Nancy Cartwright">Nancy Cartwright</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yeardley_Smith" title="Yeardley Smith">Yeardley Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hank_Azaria" title="Hank Azaria">Hank Azaria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Harry_Shearer" title="Harry Shearer">Harry Shearer</a>. Castellaneta voices <a href="/wiki/Homer_Simpson" title="Homer Simpson">Homer Simpson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grampa_Simpson" title="Grampa Simpson">Grampa Simpson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krusty_the_Clown" title="Krusty the Clown">Krusty the Clown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Groundskeeper_Willie" title="Groundskeeper Willie">Groundskeeper Willie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayor_Quimby" title="Mayor Quimby">Mayor Quimby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barney_Gumble" title="Barney Gumble">Barney Gumble</a>, and other adult male characters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichmond_&_Coffman1997178%E2%80%93179-61">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Julie_Kavner" title="Julie Kavner">Julie Kavner</a> voices <a href="/wiki/Marge_Simpson" title="Marge Simpson">Marge Simpson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patty_and_Selma" title="Patty and Selma">Patty, Selma</a>, as well as several minor characters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichmond_&_Coffman1997178%E2%80%93179-61">[59]</a> Castellaneta and Kavner had been a part of The Tracey Ullman Show cast and were given the parts so that new actors would not be needed.<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> Cartwright voices <a href="/wiki/Bart_Simpson" title="Bart Simpson">Bart Simpson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Muntz" title="Nelson Muntz">Nelson Muntz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Wiggum" title="Ralph Wiggum">Ralph Wiggum</a>, and other children.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichmond_&_Coffman1997178%E2%80%93179-61">[59]</a> Smith, the voice of <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Simpson" title="Lisa Simpson">Lisa Simpson</a>, is the only cast member who regularly voices only one character, although she occasionally plays other episodic characters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichmond_&_Coffman1997178%E2%80%93179-61">[59]</a> The producers decided to hold casting for the roles of Bart and Lisa. Smith had initially been asked to audition for the role of Bart, but casting director <a href="/wiki/Bonita_Pietila" title="Bonita Pietila">Bonita Pietila</a> believed her voice was too high,<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> so she was given the role of Lisa instead.<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> Cartwright was originally brought in to voice Lisa, but upon arriving at the audition, she found that Lisa was simply described as the "middle child" and at the time did not have much personality. Cartwright became more interested in the role of Bart, who was described as "devious, underachieving, school-hating, irreverent, [and] clever".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECartwright200035%E2%80%9340-65">[63]</a> Groening let her try out for the part instead, and upon hearing her read, gave her the job on the spot.<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> Cartwright is the only one of the six main Simpsons cast members who had been professionally trained in voice acting prior to working on the show.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner200421-54">[52]</a> Azaria and Shearer do not voice members of the title family, but play a majority of the male townspeople. Azaria, who has been a part of the main voice cast since the second season in one episode "<a href="/wiki/Old_Money_(The_Simpsons)" title="Old Money (The Simpsons)">Old Money</a>" and then perpetually part of the regular main voice cast since the third season, voices recurring characters such as <a href="/wiki/Moe_Szyslak" title="Moe Szyslak">Moe Szyslak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Wiggum" title="Chief Wiggum">Chief Wiggum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apu_Nahasapeemapetilon" title="Apu Nahasapeemapetilon">Apu Nahasapeemapetilon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Professor_Frink" title="Professor Frink">Professor Frink</a>. Shearer provides voices for <a href="/wiki/Mr._Burns" title="Mr. Burns">Mr. Burns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mr._Smithers" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. Smithers">Mr. Smithers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principal_Skinner" title="Principal Skinner">Principal Skinner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ned_Flanders" title="Ned Flanders">Ned Flanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reverend_Lovejoy" title="Reverend Lovejoy">Reverend Lovejoy</a>, and formerly <a href="/wiki/Dr._Hibbert" title="Dr. Hibbert">Dr. Hibbert</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichmond_&_Coffman1997178%E2%80%93179-61">[59]</a> Every main cast member has won a <a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Primetime Emmy Award">Primetime Emmy Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Voice-Over_Performance" title="Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance">Outstanding Voice-Over Performance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> With one exception, episode credits list only the voice actors, and not the characters they voice. Both Fox and the production crew wanted to keep their identities secret during the early seasons and, therefore, closed most of the recording sessions while refusing to publish photos of the recording artists.<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> However, the network eventually revealed which roles each actor performed in the episode "<a href="/wiki/Old_Money_(The_Simpsons)" title="Old Money (The Simpsons)">Old Money</a>", because the producers said the voice actors should receive credit for their work.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> In 2003, the cast appeared in an episode of <a href="/wiki/Inside_the_Actors_Studio" title="Inside the Actors Studio">Inside the Actors Studio</a>, doing live performances of their characters' voices. The six main actors were paid $30,000 per episode, until 1998, when they were involved in a pay dispute with Fox. The company threatened to replace them with new actors, even going as far as preparing for casting of new voices, but series creator Groening supported the actors in their action.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> The issue was soon resolved and, from 1998 to 2004, they were paid $125,000 per episode. The show's revenue continued to rise through syndication and DVD sales, and in April 2004 the main cast stopped appearing for script readings, demanding they be paid $360,000 per episode.<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> The strike was resolved a month later<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> and their salaries were increased to between $250,000<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> and $360,000 per episode.<a href="#cite_note-2008actors-76">[74]</a> In 2008, production for the <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_20" title="The Simpsons season 20">twentieth season</a> was put on hold due to new contract negotiations with the voice actors, who wanted a "healthy bump" in salary to an amount close to $500,000 per episode.<a href="#cite_note-2008actors-76">[74]</a> The negotiations were soon completed, and the actors' salary was raised to $400,000 per episode.<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> Three years later, with Fox threatening to cancel the series unless production costs were cut, the cast members accepted a 30 percent pay cut, down to just over $300,000 per episode.<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> In addition to the main cast, <a href="/wiki/Pamela_Hayden" title="Pamela Hayden">Pamela Hayden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tress_MacNeille" title="Tress MacNeille">Tress MacNeille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcia_Wallace" title="Marcia Wallace">Marcia Wallace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maggie_Roswell" title="Maggie Roswell">Maggie Roswell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Russi_Taylor" title="Russi Taylor">Russi Taylor</a> voice supporting characters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichmond_&_Coffman1997178%E2%80%93179-61">[59]</a> From 1999 to 2002, Roswell's characters were voiced by <a href="/wiki/Marcia_Mitzman_Gaven" title="Marcia Mitzman Gaven">Marcia Mitzman Gaven</a>. <a href="/wiki/Karl_Wiedergott" title="Karl Wiedergott">Karl Wiedergott</a> has also appeared in minor roles, but does not voice any recurring characters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCannGroening2002117-79">[77]</a> Wiedergott left the show in 2010, and since then <a href="/wiki/Chris_Edgerly" title="Chris Edgerly">Chris Edgerly</a> has appeared regularly to voice minor characters. Repeat "special guest" cast members include <a href="/wiki/Albert_Brooks" title="Albert Brooks">Albert Brooks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phil_Hartman" title="Phil Hartman">Phil Hartman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jon_Lovitz" title="Jon Lovitz">Jon Lovitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Mantegna" title="Joe Mantegna">Joe Mantegna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_LaMarche" title="Maurice LaMarche">Maurice LaMarche</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kelsey_Grammer" title="Kelsey Grammer">Kelsey Grammer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> Following Hartman's death in 1998, the characters he voiced (<a href="/wiki/Troy_McClure" title="Troy McClure">Troy McClure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hutz" title="Lionel Hutz">Lionel Hutz</a>) were retired;<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> Wallace's character of <a href="/wiki/Edna_Krabappel" title="Edna Krabappel">Edna Krabappel</a> was retired as well after her death in 2013. Following Taylor's death in 2019, her characters (including <a href="/wiki/List_of_recurring_The_Simpsons_characters#Sherri_and_Terri" title="List of recurring The Simpsons characters">Sherri, Terri</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Prince" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Prince">Martin Prince</a>) are now voiced by <a href="/wiki/Grey_Griffin" class="mw-redirect" title="Grey Griffin">Grey Griffin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> Episodes will quite often feature guest voices from a wide range of professions, including actors, athletes, authors, bands, musicians and scientists. In the earlier seasons, most of the guest stars voiced characters, but eventually more started appearing as themselves. <a href="/wiki/Tony_Bennett" title="Tony Bennett">Tony Bennett</a> was the first guest star to appear as himself, appearing briefly in the season two episode "<a href="/wiki/Dancin%27_Homer" title="Dancin' Homer">Dancin' Homer</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner2004393-83">[81]</a> The Simpsons holds the <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">world record</a> for "Most Guest Stars Featured in a Television Series".<a href="#cite_note-Foxflash-84">[82]</a> The Simpsons has been dubbed into <a href="/wiki/Non-English_versions_of_The_Simpsons" title="Non-English versions of The Simpsons">several other languages</a>, including Japanese, German, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian. It is also one of the few programs dubbed in both <a href="/wiki/Standard_French" title="Standard French">standard French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quebec_French" title="Quebec French">Quebec French</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> The show has been broadcast in Arabic, but due to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> customs, numerous aspects of the show have been changed. For example, Homer drinks <a href="/wiki/Soft_drink" title="Soft drink">soda</a> instead of beer and eats Egyptian beef sausages instead of hot dogs. Because of such changes, the Arabized version of the series met with a negative reaction from the lifelong Simpsons fans in the area.<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animation">Animation</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Silverman_with_a_fan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/David_Silverman_with_a_fan.jpg/170px-David_Silverman_with_a_fan.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="241" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1591" data-file-height="2252"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 241px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/David_Silverman_with_a_fan.jpg/170px-David_Silverman_with_a_fan.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="241" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/David_Silverman_with_a_fan.jpg/255px-David_Silverman_with_a_fan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/David_Silverman_with_a_fan.jpg/340px-David_Silverman_with_a_fan.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Animation director <a href="/wiki/David_Silverman_(animator)" title="David Silverman (animator)">David Silverman</a>, who helped define the look of the show<a href="#cite_note-silverman-32">[30]</a></figcaption></figure> Several different U.S. and international studios animate The Simpsons. Throughout the run of the animated shorts on The Tracey Ullman Show, the animation was produced domestically at <a href="/wiki/Klasky_Csupo" title="Klasky Csupo">Klasky Csupo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-animation-30">[28]</a> With the debut of the series, because of an increased workload, Fox subcontracted production to several local and foreign studios.<a href="#cite_note-animation-30">[28]</a> These are <a href="/wiki/AKOM" title="AKOM">AKOM</a>,<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anivision" title="Anivision">Anivision</a>,<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rough_Draft_Studios" title="Rough Draft Studios">Rough Draft Studios</a>,<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> <a href="/wiki/USAnimation" title="USAnimation">USAnimation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> and Toonzone Entertainment.<a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> For the first three seasons, Klasky Csupo animated The Simpsons in the United States. In 1992, the show's production company, Gracie Films, switched domestic production to <a href="/wiki/Film_Roman" title="Film Roman">Film Roman</a>,<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> who continued to animate the show until 2016 when they were replaced by <a href="/wiki/Fox_Television_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox Television Animation">Fox Television Animation</a>, which allowed the show to be made more in-house. In <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_14" title="The Simpsons season 14">Season 14</a>, production switched from traditional <a href="/wiki/Cel_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cel animation">cel animation</a> to <a href="/wiki/Digital_ink_and_paint" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital ink and paint">digital ink and paint</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> The first episode to experiment with digital coloring was "<a href="/wiki/Radioactive_Man_(The_Simpsons_episode)" title="Radioactive Man (The Simpsons episode)">Radioactive Man</a>" in 1995. Animators used digital ink and paint during production of the <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_12" title="The Simpsons season 12">season 12</a> episode "<a href="/wiki/Tennis_the_Menace" title="Tennis the Menace">Tennis the Menace</a>", but Gracie Films delayed the regular use of digital ink and paint until two seasons later. The already completed "Tennis the Menace" was broadcast as made.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> The production staff at the U.S. animation studio, Film Roman, draws <a href="/wiki/Storyboard" title="Storyboard">storyboards</a>, designs new characters, backgrounds, props and draws character and background layouts, which in turn become <a href="/wiki/Animatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Animatic">animatics</a> to be screened for the writers at Gracie Films for any changes to be made before the work is shipped overseas. The overseas studios then draw the <a href="/wiki/Inbetweening" title="Inbetweening">inbetweens</a>, ink and paint, and render the animation to tape before it is shipped back to the United States to be delivered to Fox three to four months later.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> The series began <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">high-definition</a> production in season 20; the first episode, "<a href="/wiki/Take_My_Life,_Please" title="Take My Life, Please">Take My Life, Please</a>", aired February 15, 2009. The move to HDTV included a new opening sequence.<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> Matt Groening called it a complicated change because it affected the timing and composition of animation.<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Themes">Themes</h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Media_in_The_Simpsons" title="Media in The Simpsons">Media in The Simpsons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politics_in_The_Simpsons" title="Politics in The Simpsons">Politics in The Simpsons</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_The_Simpsons" title="Religion in The Simpsons">Religion in The Simpsons</a></div> The Simpsons uses the standard setup of a situational comedy, or sitcom, as its premise. The series centers on a family and their life in a typical American town,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner200428-14">[12]</a> serving as a <a href="/wiki/Satirical" class="mw-redirect" title="Satirical">satirical</a> parody of a <a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">middle class</a> <a href="/wiki/American_lifestyle" class="mw-redirect" title="American lifestyle">American lifestyle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> However, because of its animated nature, The Simpsons' scope is larger than that of a regular sitcom. The town of Springfield acts as a complete universe in which characters can explore the issues faced by modern society. By having Homer work in a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant" title="Nuclear power plant">nuclear power plant</a>, the show can comment on the state of the environment.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner200455-99">[97]</a> Through Bart and Lisa's days at <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Elementary_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield Elementary School">Springfield Elementary School</a>, the show's writers illustrate pressing or controversial issues in the field of education. The town features a vast array of television channels, which enables the producers to make jokes about the entertainment industry and the press.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner2004388-100">[98]</a> Some commentators say the show is political in nature and susceptible to a left-wing bias.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner2004221%E2%80%93222-101">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Al_Jean" title="Al Jean">Al Jean</a> acknowledged in an interview that "We [the show] are of <a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">liberal</a> bent."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner2004223-102">[100]</a> The writers often evince an appreciation for <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressive leanings</a>, but the show makes jokes across the political spectrum.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner2004224-103">[101]</a> The show portrays government and large corporations as evil entities that take advantage of the common worker.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner2004223-102">[100]</a> Thus, the writers often portray authority figures in an unflattering or negative light. In The Simpsons, politicians are corrupt, ministers such as <a href="/wiki/Reverend_Lovejoy" title="Reverend Lovejoy">Reverend Lovejoy</a> are dismissive to churchgoers, and the local police force is incompetent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner200456-104">[102]</a> Religion also figures as a recurring theme.<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> In times of crisis, the family often turns to God, and the show has dealt with most of the major religions.<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexuality">Sexuality</a> is often a source of jokes in the series or serves as the theme of certain episodes. Even though homosexuals are sometimes sources of gags, the series often comments on how American society treats them, with "<a href="/wiki/Homer%27s_Phobia" title="Homer's Phobia">Homer's Phobia</a>" devoting an entire episode to the family making a gay friend and Homer's initial hostility to him. In 1990, The Simpsons became the first animated early evening show to depict a kiss between two men in "<a href="/wiki/Simpson_and_Delilah" title="Simpson and Delilah">Simpson and Delilah</a>". </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Hallmarks">Hallmarks</h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opening_sequence">Opening sequence</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_opening_sequence" title="The Simpsons opening sequence">The Simpsons opening sequence</a></div> The Simpsons' <a href="/wiki/Opening_sequence" class="mw-redirect" title="Opening sequence">opening sequence</a> is one of the show's most memorable hallmarks. The standard opening has gone through three iterations (a replacement of some shots at the start of the second season, and a brand new sequence when the show switched to high-definition in 2009).<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a> Each has the same basic sequence of events: the camera zooms through <a href="/wiki/Cumulus_cloud" title="Cumulus cloud">cumulus clouds</a>, through the show's title towards the town of <a href="/wiki/Springfield_(The_Simpsons)" title="Springfield (The Simpsons)">Springfield</a>. The camera then follows the members of the family on their way home. Upon entering their house, the Simpsons settle down on their couch to watch television. The original opening was created by <a href="/wiki/David_Silverman_(animator)" title="David Silverman (animator)">David Silverman</a>, and was the first task he did when production began on the show.<a href="#cite_note-silverinter-108">[106]</a> The series' distinctive <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_Theme" title="The Simpsons Theme">theme song</a> was <a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">composed</a> by musician <a href="/wiki/Danny_Elfman" title="Danny Elfman">Danny Elfman</a> in 1989, after Groening approached him requesting a retro-style piece. This piece has been noted by Elfman as the most popular of his career.<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> One of the most distinctive aspects of the opening is that three of its elements change from episode to episode: Bart writes different things on the school chalkboard,<a href="#cite_note-silverinter-108">[106]</a> Lisa plays different solos on her saxophone (or occasionally a different instrument), and different gags accompany the family as they enter their living room to sit on the couch.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichmond_&_Coffman199790%E2%80%9391-110">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Halloween_episodes">Halloween episodes</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Treehouse_of_Horror" title="Treehouse of Horror">Treehouse of Horror</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bart_Night_Gallery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Bart_Night_Gallery.jpg/220px-Bart_Night_Gallery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="263"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Bart_Night_Gallery.jpg/220px-Bart_Night_Gallery.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Bart_Night_Gallery.jpg/330px-Bart_Night_Gallery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Bart_Night_Gallery.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Bart Simpson introducing a segment of "<a href="/wiki/Treehouse_of_Horror_IV" title="Treehouse of Horror IV">Treehouse of Horror IV</a>" in the manner of <a href="/wiki/Rod_Serling" title="Rod Serling">Rod Serling</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Night_Gallery" title="Night Gallery">Night Gallery</a></figcaption></figure> The special <a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a> episode has become an annual tradition. "<a href="/wiki/Treehouse_of_Horror_(The_Simpsons_episode)" title="Treehouse of Horror (The Simpsons episode)">Treehouse of Horror</a>" first broadcast in 1990 as part of <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_2" title="The Simpsons season 2">season two</a> and established the pattern of three separate, self-contained stories in each Halloween episode.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> These pieces usually involve the family in some horror, science fiction, or supernatural setting and often parody or pay homage to a famous piece of work in those genres.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner200431-112">[110]</a> They always take place outside the normal continuity of the show. Although the Treehouse series is meant to be seen on Halloween, this changed by the 2000s (and again in 2020), when new installments have premiered after Halloween due to <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_on_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="Major League Baseball on Fox">Fox</a>'s current <a href="/wiki/MLB_on_Fox" title="MLB on Fox">contract</a> with <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a>'s <a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> Prior to 2020 (between 2011 and 2019), every Treehouse of Horror episode had aired in October. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Humor">Humor</h3></div> The show's humor turns on cultural references that cover a wide spectrum of society so that viewers from all generations can enjoy the show. Such references, for example, come from movies, television, music, literature, science, and history.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner200463%E2%80%9365-114">[112]</a> The animators also regularly add jokes or sight gags into the show's background via humorous or incongruous bits of text in signs, newspapers, <a href="/wiki/Billboards" class="mw-redirect" title="Billboards">billboards</a>, and elsewhere. The audience may often not notice the visual jokes in a single viewing. Some are so fleeting that they become apparent only by pausing a video recording of the show or viewing it in slow motion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner200462-115">[113]</a> Kristin Thompson argues that The Simpsons uses a "flurry of cultural references, intentionally inconsistent characterization, and considerable self-reflexivity about television conventions and the status of the programme as a television show."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKing2002-116">[114]</a> One of Bart's early <a href="/wiki/Hallmark" title="Hallmark">hallmarks</a> was his prank calls to <a href="/wiki/Moe%27s_Tavern" class="mw-redirect" title="Moe's Tavern">Moe's Tavern</a> owner <a href="/wiki/Moe_Szyslak" title="Moe Szyslak">Moe Szyslak</a> where he asks for a <a href="/wiki/Gag_name" title="Gag name">gag name</a>. Moe tries to find that person in the bar, but soon realizes it is a prank call and angrily threatens Bart. These calls were apparently based on a series of prank calls known as the <a href="/wiki/Tube_Bar_prank_calls" title="Tube Bar prank calls">Tube Bar recordings</a>, though Groening has denied any causal connection.<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> Moe was based partly on Tube Bar owner <a href="/wiki/Louis_%22Red%22_Deutsch" class="mw-redirect" title='Louis "Red" Deutsch'>Louis "Red" Deutsch</a>, whose often profane responses inspired Moe's violent side.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> As the series progressed, it became more difficult for the writers to come up with a fake name and to write Moe's angry response, and the pranks were dropped as a regular joke during the fourth season.<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> The Simpsons also often includes <a href="/wiki/Self-referential_humor" title="Self-referential humor">self-referential humor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a> The most common form is jokes about Fox Broadcasting.<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a> For example, the episode "<a href="/wiki/She_Used_to_Be_My_Girl" title="She Used to Be My Girl">She Used to Be My Girl</a>" included a scene in which a <a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox News Channel">Fox News Channel</a> van drove down the street while displaying a large "Bush Cheney 2004" banner and playing <a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/We_Are_the_Champions" title="We Are the Champions">We Are the Champions</a>", in reference to the <a href="/wiki/2004_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 U.S. presidential election">2004 U.S. presidential election</a> and claims of <a href="/wiki/Fox_News_controversies" title="Fox News controversies">conservative bias in Fox News</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> The show uses <a href="/wiki/Catchphrase" title="Catchphrase">catchphrases</a>, and most of the primary and secondary characters have at least one each.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner200460-125">[123]</a> Notable expressions include Homer's annoyed grunt "<a href="/wiki/D%27oh!" title="D'oh!">D'oh!</a>", Mr. Burns' "Excellent" and <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Muntz" title="Nelson Muntz">Nelson Muntz</a>'s "Ha-ha!" Some of Bart's catchphrases, such as "<a href="/wiki/%C2%A1Ay,_caramba!" title="¡Ay, caramba!">¡Ay, caramba!</a>", "Don't have a cow, man!" and "Eat my shorts!" appeared on T-shirts in the show's early days.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner200425-126">[124]</a> However, Bart rarely used the latter two phrases until after they became popular through the <a href="/wiki/Merchandising" title="Merchandising">merchandising</a>. The use of many of these catchphrases has declined in recent seasons. The episode "<a href="/wiki/Bart_Gets_Famous" title="Bart Gets Famous">Bart Gets Famous</a>" mocks catchphrase-based humor, as Bart achieves fame on the Krusty the Clown Show solely for saying "I didn't do it".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner200461-127">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Purported_foreshadowing_of_actual_events">Purported foreshadowing of actual events</h4></div> The Simpsons has gained notoriety for jokes that appeared to become reality. Perhaps the most famous example comes from the episode "<a href="/wiki/Bart_to_the_Future" title="Bart to the Future">Bart to the Future</a>", which mentions billionaire <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> having been president of the United States at one time and leaving the nation broke.<a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> The episode first aired in 2000, sixteen years before Trump (who at the time was <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign">exploring a presidential run</a>) was elected.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> Another episode, "<a href="/wiki/When_You_Dish_Upon_a_Star" title="When You Dish Upon a Star">When You Dish Upon a Star</a>", lampooned <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> as a division of <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a>. Nineteen years later, <a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_21st_Century_Fox_by_Disney" title="Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney">Disney purchased Fox</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> Other examples purported as The Simpsons predicting the future include the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Smartwatch" title="Smartwatch">smartwatch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Video chat">video chat</a> services, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" title="Richard Branson">Richard Branson</a>'s spaceflight<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a>'s acrobatic performance at the <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_LI_halftime_show" title="Super Bowl LI halftime show">Super Bowl LI halftime show</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> <a href="/wiki/Al_Jean" title="Al Jean">Al Jean</a> has commented on the show's purported ability to predict the future, explaining that they are really just "educated guesses" and stating that "if you throw enough darts, you're going to get some bullseyes."<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> Producer <a href="/wiki/Bill_Oakley" title="Bill Oakley">Bill Oakley</a> stated, "There are very few cases where The Simpsons predicted something. It's mainly just coincidence because the episodes are so old that history repeats itself."<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fact-checking" title="Fact-checking">Fact-checking</a> sources such as <a href="/wiki/Snopes" title="Snopes">Snopes</a> have debunked many of the claimed prophecies, explaining that the show's extensive run means "a lot of jokes, and a lot of opportunities for coincidences to appear" and "most of these 'predictions' have rather simple and mundane explanations".<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> For example, the device shown on The Simpsons with autocorrection is an <a href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" title="Apple Newton">Apple Newton</a>, a real 1993 device notorious for its poor <a href="/wiki/Handwriting_recognition" title="Handwriting recognition">handwriting recognition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> Technologically advanced watches have appeared in numerous works of fiction, decades before The Simpsons.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Influence_and_legacy">Influence and legacy</h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Idioms">Idioms</h3></div> A number of <a href="/wiki/Neologism" title="Neologism">neologisms</a> that originated on The Simpsons have entered popular vernacular.<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-benm-140">[138]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Liberman" title="Mark Liberman">Mark Liberman</a>, director of the <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_Data_Consortium" title="Linguistic Data Consortium">Linguistic Data Consortium</a>, remarked, "The Simpsons has apparently taken over from Shakespeare and the Bible as our culture's greatest source of idioms, catchphrases and sundry other textual allusions."<a href="#cite_note-benm-140">[138]</a> The most famous catchphrase is Homer's annoyed grunt: "<a href="/wiki/D%27oh!" title="D'oh!">D'oh!</a>" So ubiquitous is the expression that it is now listed in the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a>, but without the apostrophe.<a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a> Dan Castellaneta says he borrowed the phrase from <a href="/wiki/James_Finlayson_(actor)" title="James Finlayson (actor)">James Finlayson</a>, an actor in many <a href="/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardy" title="Laurel and Hardy">Laurel and Hardy</a> comedies, who pronounced it in a more elongated and whining tone. The staff of The Simpsons told Castellaneta to shorten the noise, and it went on to become the well-known exclamation in the television series.<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> <a href="/wiki/Groundskeeper_Willie" title="Groundskeeper Willie">Groundskeeper Willie</a>'s description of the French as "<a href="/wiki/Cheese-eating_surrender_monkeys" title="Cheese-eating surrender monkeys">cheese-eating surrender monkeys</a>" was used by <a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a> columnist <a href="/wiki/Jonah_Goldberg" title="Jonah Goldberg">Jonah Goldberg</a> in 2003, after France's opposition to the proposed <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Iraq">invasion of Iraq</a>. The phrase quickly spread to other journalists.<a href="#cite_note-benm-140">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a> "<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style>Cromulent" and "embiggen", words used in "<a href="/wiki/Lisa_the_Iconoclast" title="Lisa the Iconoclast">Lisa the Iconoclast</a>", have since appeared in the <a href="/wiki/Reference.com" title="Reference.com">Dictionary.com</a>'s 21st Century Lexicon,<a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a> and scientific journals respectively.<a href="#cite_note-benm-140">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> "Kwyjibo", a fake <a href="/wiki/Scrabble" title="Scrabble">Scrabble</a> word invented by Bart in "<a href="/wiki/Bart_the_Genius" title="Bart the Genius">Bart the Genius</a>", was used as one of the aliases of the creator of the <a href="/wiki/Melissa_worm" class="mw-redirect" title="Melissa worm">Melissa worm</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a> "I, for one, welcome our new insect overlords", was used by <a href="/wiki/Kent_Brockman" title="Kent Brockman">Kent Brockman</a> in "<a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Homer" title="Deep Space Homer">Deep Space Homer</a>" and has become a <a href="/wiki/Snowclone" title="Snowclone">snowclone</a>,<a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a> with variants of the utterance used to express obsequious submission. It has been used in media, such as <a href="/wiki/New_Scientist" title="New Scientist">New Scientist</a> magazine.<a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a> The dismissive term "<a href="/wiki/Meh" title="Meh">Meh</a>", believed to have been popularized by the show,<a href="#cite_note-benm-140">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a> entered the <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">Collins English Dictionary</a> in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> Other words credited as stemming from the show include "yoink" and "craptacular".<a href="#cite_note-benm-140">[138]</a> The Oxford Dictionary of Modern Quotations includes several quotations from the show. As well as "cheese-eating surrender monkeys", Homer's lines, "Kids, you tried your best and you failed miserably. The lesson is never try", from "<a href="/wiki/Burns%27_Heir" title="Burns' Heir">Burns' Heir</a>" (<a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_5" title="The Simpsons season 5">season five</a>, 1994) as well as "Kids are the best, Apu. You can teach them to hate the things you hate. And they practically raise themselves, what with the Internet and all", from "<a href="/wiki/Eight_Misbehavin%27" title="Eight Misbehavin'">Eight Misbehavin'</a>" (<a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_11" title="The Simpsons season 11">season 11</a>, 1999), entered the dictionary in August 2007.<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> Many quotes/scenes have become popular <a href="/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">Internet memes</a>, including Jasper Beardley's quote "That's a paddlin'" from "<a href="/wiki/The_PTA_Disbands" title="The PTA Disbands">The PTA Disbands</a>" (<a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_6" title="The Simpsons season 6">season 6</a>, 1995) and "Steamed Hams" from "<a href="/wiki/22_Short_Films_About_Springfield" title="22 Short Films About Springfield">22 Short Films About Springfield</a>" (<a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_7" title="The Simpsons season 7">season 7</a>, 1996). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3></div> The Simpsons was the first successful animated program in American prime time since <a href="/wiki/Wait_Till_Your_Father_Gets_Home" title="Wait Till Your Father Gets Home">Wait Till Your Father Gets Home</a> in the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlberti2003xii-153">[151]</a> During most of the 1980s, US pundits considered animated shows as appropriate only for children, and animating a show was too expensive to achieve a quality suitable for prime-time television. The Simpsons changed this perception,<a href="#cite_note-animation-30">[28]</a> initially leading to a short period where networks attempted to recreate prime-time cartoon success with shows like <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Critters" title="Capitol Critters">Capitol Critters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fish_Police_(TV_series)" title="Fish Police (TV series)">Fish Police</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Family_Dog_(TV_series)" title="Family Dog (TV series)">Family Dog</a>, which were expensive and unsuccessful.<a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a> The Simpsons' use of Korean animation studios for <a href="/wiki/Tweening" class="mw-redirect" title="Tweening">tweening</a>, coloring, and filming made the episodes cheaper. The success of The Simpsons and the lower production cost prompted US television networks to take chances on other adult animated series.<a href="#cite_note-animation-30">[28]</a> This development led US producers to a 1990s boom in new, animated prime-time shows for adults, such as <a href="/wiki/Beavis_and_Butt-Head" title="Beavis and Butt-Head">Beavis and Butt-Head</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Park" title="South Park">South Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Family_Guy" title="Family Guy">Family Guy</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Hill" title="King of the Hill">King of the Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Futurama" title="Futurama">Futurama</a> (which was created by Matt Groening), and <a href="/wiki/The_Critic" title="The Critic">The Critic</a> (which was also produced by Gracie Films).<a href="#cite_note-animation-30">[28]</a> For Family Guy creator <a href="/wiki/Seth_MacFarlane" title="Seth MacFarlane">Seth MacFarlane</a>, "The Simpsons created an audience for prime-time animation that had not been there for many, many years ... As far as I'm concerned, they basically re-invented the wheel. They created what is in many ways—you could classify it as—a wholly new medium."<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a> The Simpsons has had crossovers with four other shows. In the episode "<a href="/wiki/A_Star_Is_Burns" title="A Star Is Burns">A Star Is Burns</a>", Marge invites Jay Sherman, the main character of The Critic, to be a judge for a film festival in Springfield. Matt Groening had his name removed from the episode since he had no involvement with The Critic.<a href="#cite_note-LATimes-156">[154]</a> South Park later paid homage to The Simpsons with the episode "<a href="/wiki/Simpsons_Already_Did_It" title="Simpsons Already Did It">Simpsons Already Did It</a>".<a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a> In "<a href="/wiki/Simpsorama" title="Simpsorama">Simpsorama</a>", the Planet Express crew from Futurama come to Springfield in the present to prevent the Simpsons from destroying the future.<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a> In the Family Guy episode "<a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_Guy" title="The Simpsons Guy">The Simpsons Guy</a>", the Griffins visit Springfield and meet the Simpsons.<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a> The Simpsons has also influenced live-action shows like <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_in_the_Middle" title="Malcolm in the Middle">Malcolm in the Middle</a>, which featured the use of <a href="/wiki/Visual_gag" title="Visual gag">sight gags</a> and did not use a <a href="/wiki/Laugh_track" title="Laugh track">laugh track</a> unlike most sitcoms.<a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> Malcolm in the Middle debuted January 9, 2000, in the time slot after The Simpsons. <a href="/wiki/Ricky_Gervais" title="Ricky Gervais">Ricky Gervais</a> called The Simpsons an influence on <a href="/wiki/The_Office_(British_TV_series)" title="The Office (British TV series)">The Office</a>,<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a> and fellow British sitcom <a href="/wiki/Spaced" title="Spaced">Spaced</a> was, according to its director <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Wright" title="Edgar Wright">Edgar Wright</a>, "an attempt to do a live-action The Simpsons".<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, the animated television sitcom <a href="/wiki/The_Samsonadzes" title="The Samsonadzes">The Samsonadzes</a>, launched in November 2009, has been noted for its very strong resemblance with The Simpsons, which its creator Shalva Ramishvili has acknowledged.<a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LGBT_representation">LGBT representation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_representation_in_The_Simpsons" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT representation in The Simpsons">LGBT representation in The Simpsons</a></div> The Simpsons has historically been open to portrayals of <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> characters and settings, and it has routinely challenged <a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">heteronormativity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Padva-2008-166">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-Henry-2004-167">[165]</a> It was one of several animated television shows in the United States that began introducing characters that were LGBT, both openly and implied, in the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-Padva-2008-166">[164]</a> While early episodes involving LGBT characters primarily included them through the use of stereotypes, The Simpsons developed several prominent LGBT characters over its run.<a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a> Producers of the show, such as <a href="/wiki/Matt_Groening" title="Matt Groening">Matt Groening</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al_Jean" title="Al Jean">Al Jean</a>, have expressed their opinion that LGBT representation in media is important, and that they seek to actively include it.<a href="#cite_note-Henry-2004-167">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a> Some characters, such as Julio, were created with their sexual orientation in mind, with it being central to their character.<a href="#cite_note-170">[168]</a> The show expanded its roster of openly LGBT characters through episodes in which prominent characters <a href="/wiki/Patty_Bouvier" class="mw-redirect" title="Patty Bouvier">Patty Bouvier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waylon_Smithers" title="Waylon Smithers">Waylon Smithers</a> came out in seasons <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_16" title="The Simpsons season 16">16</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_27" title="The Simpsons season 27">27</a>, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Release">Release</h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Broadcast">Broadcast</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Simpsons_episodes" title="List of The Simpsons episodes">List of The Simpsons episodes</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3" colspan="2">Season </th> <th rowspan="3">No. of episodes </th> <th colspan="3">Originally aired </th> <th colspan="3">Viewership </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Season premiere </th> <th rowspan="2">Season finale </th> <th rowspan="2">Time slot (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">ET</a>) </th> <th rowspan="2">Avg. viewers (in millions) </th> <th colspan="2">Most watched episode </th></tr> <tr> <th>Viewers (millions) </th> <th>Episode title </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_1" title="The Simpsons season 1">1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1989%E2%80%9390_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="1989–90 United States network television schedule">1989–90</a> </td> <td>13 </td> <td>December 17, 1989 </td> <td>May 13, 1990 </td> <td>Sunday 8:30 pm </td> <td>27.8 </td> <td>33.5<a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Life_on_the_Fast_Lane" title="Life on the Fast Lane">Life on the Fast Lane</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_2" title="The Simpsons season 2">2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1990%E2%80%9391_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="1990–91 United States network television schedule">1990–91</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>October 11, 1990 </td> <td>July 11, 1991 </td> <td rowspan="4">Thursday 8:00 pm </td> <td>24.4 </td> <td>33.6<a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Bart_Gets_an_%27F%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Bart Gets an 'F'">Bart Gets an 'F'</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_3" title="The Simpsons season 3">3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%9392_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="1991–92 United States network television schedule">1991–92</a> </td> <td>24 </td> <td>September 19, 1991 </td> <td>August 27, 1992 </td> <td>21.8 </td> <td>25.5<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Colonel_Homer" title="Colonel Homer">Colonel Homer</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_4" title="The Simpsons season 4">4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1992%E2%80%9393_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="1992–93 United States network television schedule">1992–93</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>September 24, 1992 </td> <td>May 13, 1993 </td> <td>22.4 </td> <td>28.6<a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Lisa%27s_First_Word" title="Lisa's First Word">Lisa's First Word</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_5" title="The Simpsons season 5">5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1993%E2%80%9394_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="1993–94 United States network television schedule">1993–94</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>September 30, 1993 </td> <td>May 19, 1994 </td> <td>18.9 </td> <td>24.0<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Treehouse_of_Horror_IV" title="Treehouse of Horror IV">Treehouse of Horror IV</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_6" title="The Simpsons season 6">6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1994%E2%80%9395_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="1994–95 United States network television schedule">1994–95</a> </td> <td>25 </td> <td>September 4, 1994 </td> <td>May 21, 1995 </td> <td>Sunday 8:00 pm </td> <td>15.6 </td> <td>22.2<a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Treehouse_of_Horror_V" title="Treehouse of Horror V">Treehouse of Horror V</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_7" title="The Simpsons season 7">7</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1995%E2%80%9396_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="1995–96 United States network television schedule">1995–96</a> </td> <td>25 </td> <td>September 17, 1995 </td> <td>May 19, 1996 </td> <td>Sunday 8:00 pm (Episodes 1–24) Sunday 8:30 pm (Episode 25) </td> <td>15.1 </td> <td>22.6<a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Who_Shot_Mr._Burns%3F#Part_Two" title="Who Shot Mr. Burns?">Who Shot Mr. Burns? – Part II</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_8" title="The Simpsons season 8">8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1996%E2%80%9397_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="1996–97 United States network television schedule">1996–97</a> </td> <td>25 </td> <td>October 27, 1996 </td> <td>May 18, 1997 </td> <td>Sunday 8:30 pm (Episodes 1–3) Sunday 8:00 pm (Episodes 4–12, 14–25) Friday 8:00 pm (Episode 13)<a href="#cite_note-180">[178]</a> </td> <td>14.5 </td> <td>20.41<a href="#cite_note-181">[179]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/The_Springfield_Files" title="The Springfield Files">The Springfield Files</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_9" title="The Simpsons season 9">9</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1997%E2%80%9398_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="1997–98 United States network television schedule">1997–98</a> </td> <td>25 </td> <td>September 21, 1997 </td> <td>May 17, 1998 </td> <td rowspan="4">Sunday 8:00 pm </td> <td>15.3 </td> <td>19.80<a href="#cite_note-182">[180]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/The_Two_Mrs._Nahasapeemapetilons" title="The Two Mrs. Nahasapeemapetilons">The Two Mrs. Nahasapeemapetilons</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_10" title="The Simpsons season 10">10</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1998%E2%80%9399_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="1998–99 United States network television schedule">1998–99</a> </td> <td>23 </td> <td>August 23, 1998 </td> <td>May 16, 1999 </td> <td>13.5 </td> <td>19.11<a href="#cite_note-183">[181]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Sunday,_Cruddy_Sunday" title="Sunday, Cruddy Sunday">Sunday, Cruddy Sunday</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_11" title="The Simpsons season 11">11</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1999%E2%80%932000_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="1999–2000 United States network television schedule">1999–2000</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>September 26, 1999 </td> <td>May 21, 2000 </td> <td>8.8 </td> <td>19.16<a href="#cite_note-184">[182]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Faith_Off" title="Faith Off">Faith Off</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_12" title="The Simpsons season 12">12</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2000%E2%80%9301_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2000–01 United States network television schedule">2000–01</a> </td> <td>21 </td> <td>November 1, 2000 </td> <td>May 20, 2001 </td> <td>15.5 </td> <td>18.52<a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/HOMR" title="HOMR">HOMR</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_13" title="The Simpsons season 13">13</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2001%E2%80%9302_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2001–02 United States network television schedule">2001–02</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>November 6, 2001 </td> <td>May 22, 2002 </td> <td>Tuesday 8:30 pm (Episode 1) Sunday 8:00 pm (Episodes 2–20) Sunday 7:30 pm (Episode 21) Wednesday 8:00 pm (Episode 22) </td> <td>12.5 </td> <td>14.91<a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/The_Parent_Rap" title="The Parent Rap">The Parent Rap</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_14" title="The Simpsons season 14">14</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%9303_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2002–03 United States network television schedule">2002–03</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>November 3, 2002 </td> <td>May 18, 2003 </td> <td>Sunday 8:00 pm (Episodes 1–11, 13–21) Sunday 8:30 pm (Episodes 12, 22) </td> <td>14.4 </td> <td>22.04<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Spelling_as_Fast_as_I_Can" title="I'm Spelling as Fast as I Can">I'm Spelling as Fast as I Can</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_15" title="The Simpsons season 15">15</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2003–04 United States network television schedule">2003–04</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>November 2, 2003 </td> <td>May 23, 2004 </td> <td>Sunday 8:00 pm </td> <td>11.0 </td> <td>16.30<a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/I,_(Annoyed_Grunt)-Bot" title="I, (Annoyed Grunt)-Bot">I, (Annoyed Grunt)-Bot</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_16" title="The Simpsons season 16">16</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2004–05 United States network television schedule">2004–05</a> </td> <td>21 </td> <td>November 7, 2004 </td> <td>May 15, 2005 </td> <td>Sunday 8:00 pm (Episodes 1–7, 9–16, 18, 20) Sunday 10:30 pm (Episode 8) Sunday 8:30 pm (Episodes 17, 19, 21) </td> <td>10.2 </td> <td>23.07<a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Homer_and_Ned%27s_Hail_Mary_Pass" title="Homer and Ned's Hail Mary Pass">Homer and Ned's Hail Mary Pass</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_17" title="The Simpsons season 17">17</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2005%E2%80%9306_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2005–06 United States network television schedule">2005–06</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>September 11, 2005 </td> <td>May 21, 2006 </td> <td rowspan="3">Sunday 8:00 pm </td> <td>9.55 </td> <td>11.66<a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Treehouse_of_Horror_XVI" title="Treehouse of Horror XVI">Treehouse of Horror XVI</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_18" title="The Simpsons season 18">18</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2006–07 United States network television schedule">2006–07</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>September 10, 2006 </td> <td>May 20, 2007 </td> <td>9.15 </td> <td>11.63<a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/The_Mook,_the_Chef,_the_Wife_and_Her_Homer" title="The Mook, the Chef, the Wife and Her Homer">The Mook, the Chef, the Wife and Her Homer</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_19" title="The Simpsons season 19">19</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2007–08 United States network television schedule">2007–08</a> </td> <td>20 </td> <td>September 23, 2007 </td> <td>May 18, 2008 </td> <td>8.37 </td> <td>11.74<a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Treehouse_of_Horror_XVIII" title="Treehouse of Horror XVIII">Treehouse of Horror XVIII</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_20" title="The Simpsons season 20">20</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2008–09 United States network television schedule">2008–09</a> </td> <td>21 </td> <td>September 28, 2008 </td> <td>May 17, 2009 </td> <td>Sunday 8:00 pm (Episodes 1–7, 9–21) Sunday 8:30 pm (Episode 8) </td> <td>7.1 </td> <td>12.40<a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Treehouse_of_Horror_XIX" title="Treehouse of Horror XIX">Treehouse of Horror XIX</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_21" title="The Simpsons season 21">21</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2009–10 United States network television schedule">2009–10</a> </td> <td>23 </td> <td>September 27, 2009 </td> <td>May 23, 2010 </td> <td rowspan="3">Sunday 8:00 pm </td> <td>7.1 </td> <td>14.62<a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_Springfield" title="Once Upon a Time in Springfield">Once Upon a Time in Springfield</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_22" title="The Simpsons season 22">22</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2010–11 United States network television schedule">2010–11</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>September 26, 2010 </td> <td>May 22, 2011 </td> <td>7.09 </td> <td>12.55<a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Moms_I%27d_Like_to_Forget" title="Moms I'd Like to Forget">Moms I'd Like to Forget</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_23" title="The Simpsons season 23">23</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2011–12 United States network television schedule">2011–12</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>September 25, 2011 </td> <td>May 20, 2012 </td> <td>6.15<a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a> </td> <td>11.48<a href="#cite_note-197">[195]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/The_D%27oh-cial_Network" title="The D'oh-cial Network">The D'oh-cial Network</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_24" title="The Simpsons season 24">24</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2012–13 United States network television schedule">2012–13</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>September 30, 2012 </td> <td>May 19, 2013 </td> <td>Sunday 8:00 pm (Episodes 1–21) Sunday 8:30 pm (Episode 22) </td> <td>5.41<a href="#cite_note-198">[196]</a> </td> <td>8.97<a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Homer_Goes_to_Prep_School" title="Homer Goes to Prep School">Homer Goes to Prep School</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_25" title="The Simpsons season 25">25</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2013–14 United States network television schedule">2013–14</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>September 29, 2013 </td> <td>May 18, 2014 </td> <td>Sunday 8:00 pm (Episodes 1–11, 13–22) Sunday 7:30 pm (Episode 12) </td> <td>5.02<a href="#cite_note-200">[198]</a> </td> <td>12.04<a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Steal_This_Episode" title="Steal This Episode">Steal This Episode</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_26" title="The Simpsons season 26">26</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2014–15 United States network television schedule">2014–15</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>September 28, 2014 </td> <td>May 17, 2015 </td> <td rowspan="6">Sunday 8:00 pm </td> <td>5.61<a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a> </td> <td>10.62<a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Came_to_Be_Dinner" title="The Man Who Came to Be Dinner">The Man Who Came to Be Dinner</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_27" title="The Simpsons season 27">27</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2015–16 United States network television schedule">2015–16</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>September 27, 2015 </td> <td>May 22, 2016 </td> <td>4.0<a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a> </td> <td>8.33<a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Teenage_Mutant_Milk-Caused_Hurdles" title="Teenage Mutant Milk-Caused Hurdles">Teenage Mutant Milk-Caused Hurdles</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_28" title="The Simpsons season 28">28</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2016–17 United States network television schedule">2016–17</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>September 25, 2016 </td> <td>May 21, 2017 (2017-05-21) </td> <td>4.80<a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a> </td> <td>8.19<a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Pork_and_Burns" title="Pork and Burns">Pork and Burns</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_29" title="The Simpsons season 29">29</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2017–18 United States network television schedule">2017–18</a> </td> <td>21 </td> <td>October 1, 2017 </td> <td>May 20, 2018 </td> <td>4.07<a href="#cite_note-208">[206]</a> </td> <td>8.04<a href="#cite_note-209">[207]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Frink_Gets_Testy" title="Frink Gets Testy">Frink Gets Testy</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_30" title="The Simpsons season 30">30</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2018–19 United States network television schedule">2018–19</a> </td> <td>23 </td> <td>September 30, 2018 </td> <td>May 12, 2019 </td> <td>3.10<a href="#cite_note-210">[208]</a> </td> <td>8.20<a href="#cite_note-211">[209]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/The_Girl_on_the_Bus" title="The Girl on the Bus">The Girl on the Bus</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_31" title="The Simpsons season 31">31</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2019–20 United States network television schedule">2019–20</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>September 29, 2019 </td> <td>May 17, 2020 </td> <td>2.58<a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a> </td> <td>5.63<a href="#cite_note-213">[211]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Go_Big_or_Go_Homer" title="Go Big or Go Homer">Go Big or Go Homer</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_32" title="The Simpsons season 32">32</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2020–21 United States network television schedule">2020–21</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>September 27, 2020 </td> <td>May 23, 2021 </td> <td rowspan="2">Sunday 8:00 pm (Episodes 1–10, 12–22) Sunday 9:00 pm (Episode 11) </td> <td>2.32<a href="#cite_note-214">[212]</a> </td> <td>4.93<a href="#cite_note-215">[213]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Treehouse_of_Horror_XXXI" title="Treehouse of Horror XXXI">Treehouse of Horror XXXI</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_33" title="The Simpsons season 33">33</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2021–22 United States network television schedule">2021–22</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>September 26, 2021 </td> <td>May 22, 2022 </td> <td>2.25<a href="#cite_note-216">[214]</a> </td> <td>3.97<a href="#cite_note-217">[215]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_a_Lackey_on_Fire" title="Portrait of a Lackey on Fire">Portrait of a Lackey on Fire</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_34" title="The Simpsons season 34">34</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2022–23 United States network television schedule">2022–23</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>September 25, 2022 </td> <td>May 21, 2023 </td> <td>Sunday 8:00 pm (Episodes 1–8, 10–22) Sunday 8:30 pm (Episode 9) </td> <td>1.83<a href="#cite_note-218">[216]</a> </td> <td>4.77<a href="#cite_note-219">[217]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/From_Beer_to_Paternity" title="From Beer to Paternity">From Beer to Paternity</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_35" title="The Simpsons season 35">35</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2023–24 United States network television schedule">2023–24</a> </td> <td>18 </td> <td>October 1, 2023 </td> <td>May 19, 2024 </td> <td>Sunday 8:00 pm (Episodes 1–5, 7, 10–18) Sunday 8:30 pm (Episodes 6, 8, 9) </td> <td>1.99<a href="#cite_note-220">[218]</a> </td> <td>5.41<a href="#cite_note-221">[219]</a> </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Do_the_Wrong_Thing_(The_Simpsons)" title="Do the Wrong Thing (The Simpsons)">Do the Wrong Thing</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_36" title="The Simpsons season 36">36</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024%E2%80%9325_United_States_network_television_schedule" title="2024–25 United States network television schedule">2024–25</a> </td> <td>TBA </td> <td>September 29, 2024 </td> <td>TBA </td> <td>Sunday 8:00PM </td> <td>TBA </td> <td>TBA </td> <td>TBA </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syndication">Syndication</h3></div> In the United States, the cable television network <a href="/wiki/FXX" title="FXX">FXX</a>, a sibling of 20th Television and formerly the Fox network, has <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_syndication" title="Broadcast syndication">exclusive cable and digital syndication</a> rights for The Simpsons. Original contracts had previously stated that syndication rights for The Simpsons would not be sold to cable until the series conclusion, at a time when cable syndication deals were highly rare. The series has been syndicated to local broadcast stations in nearly all markets throughout the United States since September 1994.<a href="#cite_note-222">[220]</a> FXX premiered The Simpsons on their network on August 21, 2014, by starting a twelve-day <a href="/wiki/Marathon_(television)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marathon (television)">marathon</a> which featured the first 552 episodes (every single episode that had already been released at the time) aired chronologically, including The Simpsons Movie, which FX Networks had already owned the rights to air. It was the longest continuous marathon in the history of television (until <a href="/wiki/VH1_Classic" class="mw-redirect" title="VH1 Classic">VH1 Classic</a> aired a 433-hour, nineteen-day, marathon of <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a> in 2015; celebrating that program's 40th anniversary).<a href="#cite_note-223">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[222]</a> The first day of the marathon was the highest rated broadcast day in the history of the network so far, the ratings more than tripled those of regular prime time programming for FXX.<a href="#cite_note-225">[223]</a> Ratings during the first six nights of the marathon grew night after night, with the network ranking within the top 5 networks in basic cable each night.<a href="#cite_note-226">[224]</a> In Australia, a marathon of every episode of the show (at the time) aired from December 16, 2019, to January 5, 2020, on <a href="/wiki/Fox8" title="Fox8">Fox8</a> (a cable network operated on pay TV provider <a href="/wiki/Foxtel" title="Foxtel">Foxtel</a> and a corporate sibling to the American Fox network).<a href="#cite_note-227">[225]</a> In Canada, <a href="/wiki/Bell_Media" title="Bell Media">Bell Media</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Much_(TV_channel)" title="Much (TV channel)">Much</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Sports_%26_Media" title="Rogers Sports & Media">Rogers Media</a>'s <a href="/wiki/FXX_(Canadian_TV_channel)" title="FXX (Canadian TV channel)">FXX Canada</a> syndicate the series as of January 2025. After Disney <a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_21st_Century_Fox_by_Disney" title="Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney">acquired</a> both 20th Television and FX Networks, it was announced that The Simpsons would air on the company's <a href="/wiki/Freeform_(TV_channel)" title="Freeform (TV channel)">Freeform</a> channel starting October 2, 2019.<a href="#cite_note-228">[226]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Streaming_and_digital_sell-through">Streaming and digital sell-through</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Simpsons World" redirects here. For the Treehouse of Horror segment, see <a href="/wiki/Treehouse_of_Horror_XXXIII" title="Treehouse of Horror XXXIII">Treehouse of Horror XXXIII</a>.</div> On October 21, 2014, a digital service courtesy of the <a href="/wiki/FX_(TV_channel)#Other_services" title="FX (TV channel)">FXNOW</a> app, called Simpsons World, launched with every episode of the series accessible to authenticated FX subscribers, and is available on game consoles such as <a href="/wiki/Xbox_One" title="Xbox One">Xbox One</a>, streaming devices such as <a href="/wiki/Roku" title="Roku">Roku</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apple_TV" title="Apple TV">Apple TV</a>, and online via web browser.<a href="#cite_note-229">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[228]</a> There was early criticism of both wrong aspect ratios for earlier episodes and the length of commercial breaks on the streaming service, but that problem was soon amended with fewer commercial breaks during individual episodes.<a href="#cite_note-231">[229]</a> Later it was announced that Simpsons World would now let users watch all of the SD episodes in their original format.<a href="#cite_note-232">[230]</a> Simpsons World was discontinued after the launch of <a href="/wiki/Disney%2B" title="Disney+">Disney+</a> on November 12, 2019, where the series streams exclusively.<a href="#cite_note-233">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[232]</a> Initially, the series was only available cropped to <a href="/wiki/16:9" class="mw-redirect" title="16:9">16:9</a> without the option to view the original <a href="/wiki/4:3" class="mw-redirect" title="4:3">4:3</a> versions, reigniting criticisms of cropping old episodes.<a href="#cite_note-235">[233]</a> In response, Disney announced that "in early 2020, Disney+ will make the first 19 seasons (and some episodes from season 20) of The Simpsons available in their original 4:3 aspect ratio, giving subscribers a choice of how they prefer to view the popular series."<a href="#cite_note-236">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[235]</a> On May 28, 2020, Disney+ made the first 19 seasons, along with some episodes from season 20, of The Simpsons available in both 16:9 and the original 4:3 aspect ratio.<a href="#cite_note-238">[236]</a> Season 31 came to Disney+ on October 2, 2020, with <a href="/wiki/Hulu" title="Hulu">Hulu</a> streaming the latest episodes of season 32 the next day. Season 32 came to Disney+ on September 29, 2021. The season 3 premiere "<a href="/wiki/Stark_Raving_Dad" title="Stark Raving Dad">Stark Raving Dad</a>", which features <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> as the voice of Leon Kompowsky, was pulled out of rotation in 2019 by Matt Groening, James L. Brooks and Al Jean after <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> aired the documentary <a href="/wiki/Leaving_Neverland" title="Leaving Neverland">Leaving Neverland</a>, in which two men share details into how Jackson allegedly abused them as children.<a href="#cite_note-239">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[238]</a> It is therefore unavailable on Disney+. However, the episode is still available on The Complete Third Season DVD box set released on August 26, 2003.<a href="#cite_note-241">[239]</a> In July 2017, all episodes from seasons 4 to 19 were made available for purchase on the <a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a> in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-242">[240]</a> On August 10, 2024, it was announced that four episodes of season 36 would air exclusively on Disney+.<a href="#cite_note-243">[241]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Reception_and_achievements">Reception and achievements</h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Reception_of_The_Simpsons" title="Reception of The Simpsons">Reception of The Simpsons</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_success">Early success</h3></div> The Simpsons was the Fox network's first television series to rank among a season's top 30 highest-rated shows.<a href="#cite_note-season1ratings-244">[242]</a> In 1990, Bart quickly became one of the most popular characters on television in what was termed "Bartmania".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner2004120%E2%80%93121-245">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-248">[246]</a> He became the most prevalent Simpsons character on memorabilia, such as <a href="/wiki/T-shirt" title="T-shirt">T-shirts</a>. In the early 1990s, millions of T-shirts featuring Bart were sold;<a href="#cite_note-249">[247]</a> as many as one million were sold on some days.<a href="#cite_note-Shirts-250">[248]</a> Believing Bart to be a bad role model, several American public schools banned T-shirts featuring Bart next to captions such as "I'm Bart Simpson. Who the hell are you?" and "Underachiever ('And proud of it, man!')".<a href="#cite_note-mikescully-251">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[251]</a> The Simpsons merchandise sold well and generated $2 billion in revenue during the first 14 months of sales.<a href="#cite_note-mikescully-251">[249]</a> Because of his popularity, Bart was often the most promoted member of the Simpson family in advertisements for the show, even for episodes in which he was not involved in the main plot.<a href="#cite_note-254">[252]</a> Due to the show's success, over the summer of 1990 the <a href="/wiki/Fox_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox Network">Fox Network</a> decided to switch The Simpsons' time slot from 8:00 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">ET</a> on Sunday night to the same time on Thursday, where it competed with <a href="/wiki/The_Cosby_Show" title="The Cosby Show">The Cosby Show</a> on <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_ratings" class="mw-redirect" title="Nielsen ratings">number one show</a> at the time.<a href="#cite_note-BGFCom-255">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[254]</a> Through the summer, several news outlets published stories about the supposed "Bill vs. Bart" rivalry.<a href="#cite_note-Shirts-250">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-BGFCom-255">[253]</a> "<a href="/wiki/Bart_Gets_an_%27F%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Bart Gets an 'F'">Bart Gets an 'F'</a>" (<a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_2" title="The Simpsons season 2">season two</a>, 1990) was the first episode to air against The Cosby Show, and it received a lower <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_rating" class="mw-redirect" title="Nielsen rating">Nielsen rating</a>, tying for eighth behind The Cosby Show, which had an 18.5 rating. The rating is based on the number of household televisions that were tuned into the show, but <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Media_Research" title="Nielsen Media Research">Nielsen Media Research</a> estimated that 33.6 million viewers watched the episode, making it the number one show in terms of actual viewers that week. At the time, it was the most watched episode in the history of the Fox Network,<a href="#cite_note-257">[255]</a> and it is still the highest rated episode in the history of The Simpsons.<a href="#cite_note-258">[256]</a> The show moved back to its Sunday slot in 1994 and has remained there ever since.<a href="#cite_note-259">[257]</a> The Simpsons has received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics, and it has been noted for being described as "the most irreverent and unapologetic show on the air".<a href="#cite_note-260">[258]</a> In a 1990 review of the show, Ken Tucker of <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a> described it as "the American family at its most complicated, drawn as simple cartoons. It's this neat paradox that makes millions of people turn away from the three big networks on Sunday nights to concentrate on The Simpsons."<a href="#cite_note-261">[259]</a> Tucker also described the show as a "pop-cultural phenomenon, a prime-time cartoon show that appeals to the entire family."<a href="#cite_note-262">[260]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Run_length_achievements">Run length achievements</h3></div> On February 9, 1997, The Simpsons surpassed <a href="/wiki/The_Flintstones" title="The Flintstones">The Flintstones</a> with the episode "<a href="/wiki/The_Itchy_%26_Scratchy_%26_Poochie_Show" title="The Itchy & Scratchy & Poochie Show">The Itchy & Scratchy & Poochie Show</a>" as the longest-running prime-time animated series in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-263">[261]</a> In 2004, The Simpsons replaced <a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Ozzie_and_Harriet" title="The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet">The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet</a> (1952 to 1966) as the longest-running sitcom (animated or live action) in the United States in terms of the number of years airing.<a href="#cite_note-longsitcom-264">[262]</a> In 2009, The Simpsons surpassed The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet's record of 435 episodes and is now recognized by <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a> as the world's longest running sitcom (in terms of episode count).<a href="#cite_note-265">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[264]</a> In October 2004, <a href="/wiki/Scooby-Doo" title="Scooby-Doo">Scooby-Doo</a> briefly overtook The Simpsons as the American animated show with the highest number of episodes (albeit under several different iterations).<a href="#cite_note-267">[265]</a> However, network executives in April 2005 again canceled Scooby-Doo, which finished with 371 episodes, and The Simpsons reclaimed the title with 378 episodes at the end of their seventeenth season.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFolkard2006-268">[266]</a> In May 2007, The Simpsons reached their 400th episode at the end of the eighteenth season. While The Simpsons has the record for the number of episodes by an American animated show, other animated series have surpassed The Simpsons.<a href="#cite_note-lastforever-269">[267]</a> For example, the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> series <a href="/wiki/Sazae-san#Anime_series" title="Sazae-san">Sazae-san</a> has over 2,000 episodes (7,000+ segments) to its credit.<a href="#cite_note-lastforever-269">[267]</a> In 2009, Fox began a year-long celebration of the show titled "Best. 20 Years. Ever." to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the premiere of The Simpsons. One of the first parts of the celebration is the "Unleash Your Yellow" contest in which entrants must design a poster for the show.<a href="#cite_note-270">[268]</a> The celebration ended on January 10, 2010 (almost 20 years after "<a href="/wiki/Bart_the_Genius" title="Bart the Genius">Bart the Genius</a>" aired on January 14, 1990), with <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_20th_Anniversary_Special_%E2%80%93_In_3-D!_On_Ice!" title="The Simpsons 20th Anniversary Special – In 3-D! On Ice!">The Simpsons 20th Anniversary Special – In 3-D! On Ice!</a>, a documentary special by documentary filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Spurlock" title="Morgan Spurlock">Morgan Spurlock</a> that examines the "cultural phenomenon of The Simpsons".<a href="#cite_note-271">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[270]</a> As of the twenty-first season (2009–2010), The Simpsons became the longest-running American scripted primetime television series, having surpassed the 1955–1975 run of <a href="/wiki/Gunsmoke" title="Gunsmoke">Gunsmoke</a>. On April 29, 2018, The Simpsons also surpassed Gunsmoke's 635-episode count with the episode "<a href="/wiki/Forgive_and_Regret" title="Forgive and Regret">Forgive and Regret</a>".<a href="#cite_note-longsitcom-264">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[271]</a> The Simpsons is both the longest-running and the highest ranking animated series to feature on <a href="/wiki/TV_Time" title="TV Time">TV Time</a>'s top 50 most followed TV shows ever.<a href="#cite_note-274">[272]</a> On February 6, 2019, it was announced that The Simpsons has been renewed for seasons 31 and 32.<a href="#cite_note-275">[273]</a> On March 3, 2021, it was announced that The Simpsons was renewed for seasons 33 and 34.<a href="#cite_note-276">[274]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_The_Simpsons" title="List of awards and nominations received by The Simpsons">List of awards and nominations received by The Simpsons</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Simpsons_star.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/The_Simpsons_star.jpg/220px-The_Simpsons_star.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="2504"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 189px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/The_Simpsons_star.jpg/220px-The_Simpsons_star.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="189" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/The_Simpsons_star.jpg/330px-The_Simpsons_star.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/The_Simpsons_star.jpg/440px-The_Simpsons_star.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The Simpsons has been awarded a star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a>.</figcaption></figure> The Simpsons has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series, including 34 <a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Primetime Emmy Award">Primetime Emmy Awards</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Foxflash-84">[82]</a> 34 <a href="/wiki/Annie_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Annie Award">Annie Awards</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[275]</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Peabody Award">Peabody Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-278">[276]</a> In a 1999 issue celebrating the 20th century's greatest achievements in arts and entertainment, <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> named The Simpsons the century's best television series, writing: "Dazzlingly intelligent and unapologetically vulgar, the Simpsons have surpassed the humor, topicality and, yes, humanity of past TV greats."<a href="#cite_note-279">[277]</a> In that same issue, Time included Bart Simpson in the <a href="/wiki/Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_Century" title="Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century">Time 100</a>, the publication's list of the century's 100 most influential people.<a href="#cite_note-280">[278]</a> Bart was the only fictional character on the list. On January 14, 2000, the Simpsons were awarded a star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a>.<a href="#cite_note-281">[279]</a> Also in 2000, <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a> magazine TV critic Ken Tucker named The Simpsons the greatest television show of the <a href="/wiki/1990s_in_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1990s in television">1990s</a>. Furthermore, viewers of the UK television channel <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> have voted The Simpsons at the top of two polls: 2001's 100 Greatest Kids' TV shows (despite the show not being aimed at children),<a href="#cite_note-282">[280]</a> and 2005's The 100 Greatest Cartoons,<a href="#cite_note-283">[281]</a> with Homer Simpson voted into first place in 2001's 100 Greatest TV Characters.<a href="#cite_note-284">[282]</a> Homer also placed ninth on Entertainment Weekly's list of the "50 Greatest TV icons".<a href="#cite_note-285">[283]</a> In 2002, The Simpsons ranked No. 8 on <a href="/wiki/TV_Guide%27s_50_Greatest_TV_Shows_of_All_Time" title="TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time">TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time</a>,<a href="#cite_note-286">[284]</a> and was ranked the No. 6 cult show in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-287">[285]</a> In 2007, it moved to No. 8 on TV Guide's cult shows list<a href="#cite_note-288">[286]</a> and was included in Time's list of the "100 Best TV Shows of All Time".<a href="#cite_note-289">[287]</a> In 2008 the show was placed in first on Entertainment Weekly's "Top 100 Shows of the Past 25 Years".<a href="#cite_note-290">[288]</a> <a href="/wiki/Empire_(magazine)" title="Empire (magazine)">Empire</a> named it the greatest TV show of all time.<a href="#cite_note-291">[289]</a> In 2010, Entertainment Weekly named Homer "the greatest character of the last 20 years",<a href="#cite_note-292">[290]</a> while in 2013 the <a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America" title="Writers Guild of America">Writers Guild of America</a> listed The Simpsons as the 11th "best written" series in television history.<a href="#cite_note-293">[291]</a> In 2013, <a href="/wiki/TV_Guide" title="TV Guide">TV Guide</a> ranked The Simpsons as the greatest TV cartoon of all time<a href="#cite_note-294">[292]</a> and the tenth greatest show of all time.<a href="#cite_note-295">[293]</a> A 2015 <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a> survey of 2,800 actors, producers, directors, and other industry people named it as their No. 10 favorite show.<a href="#cite_note-296">[294]</a> In 2015, British newspaper The Telegraph named The Simpsons as one of the 10 best TV sitcoms of all time.<a href="#cite_note-297">[295]</a> Television critics <a href="/wiki/Alan_Sepinwall" title="Alan Sepinwall">Alan Sepinwall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matt_Zoller_Seitz" title="Matt Zoller Seitz">Matt Zoller Seitz</a> ranked The Simpsons as the greatest American TV series of all time in their 2016 book <a href="/wiki/TV_(The_Book)" title="TV (The Book)">TV (The Book)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-298">[296]</a> In 2022, <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> ranked The Simpsons as the second-greatest TV show of all time.<a href="#cite_note-299">[297]</a> In 2023, Variety ranked The Simpsons as the fourth-greatest TV show of all time.<a href="#cite_note-300">[298]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509">Criticism</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Controversy">Controversy</h4></div> Bart's rebellious, bad boy nature, which underlies his misbehavior and rarely leads to any punishment, led some people to characterize him as a poor <a href="/wiki/Role_model" title="Role model">role model</a> for children.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner2004131-301">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[300]</a> In schools, educators claimed that Bart was a "threat to learning" because of his "underachiever and proud of it" attitude and negative attitude regarding his education.<a href="#cite_note-303">[301]</a> Others described him as "egotistical, aggressive and mean-spirited".<a href="#cite_note-304">[302]</a> In a 1991 interview, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby" title="Bill Cosby">Bill Cosby</a> described Bart as a bad role model for children, calling him "angry, confused, frustrated". In response, Matt Groening said, "That sums up Bart, all right. Most people are in a struggle to be normal [and] he thinks normal is very boring, and does things that others just wished they dare do."<a href="#cite_note-305">[303]</a> On January 27, 1992, then-President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> said, "We are going to keep on trying to strengthen the American family, to make American families a lot more like <a href="/wiki/The_Waltons" title="The Waltons">the Waltons</a> and a lot less like the Simpsons."<a href="#cite_note-mikescully-251">[249]</a> The writers rushed out a tongue-in-cheek reply in the form of a short segment that aired three days later before a rerun of "<a href="/wiki/Stark_Raving_Dad" title="Stark Raving Dad">Stark Raving Dad</a>" in which Bart replied, "Hey, we're just like the Waltons. We're praying for an end to <a href="/wiki/The_Depression" class="mw-redirect" title="The Depression">the Depression</a>, too."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner2004230%E2%80%93231-306">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[305]</a> The show also received criticism from the nuclear power industry in its early years, with its portrayal of the evil boss Mr. Burns and "bungling idiot" employees (including Homer Simpson himself) with their lack of safety and security.<a href="#cite_note-nuclear-308">[306]</a> In a letter to the nuclear power-backed <a href="/wiki/Greenwashing#Examples" title="Greenwashing">U.S. Council for Energy Awareness</a>, producer Sam Simon apologized, stating, "I apologize that the Simpsons have offended a lot of people in the energy industry. I agree with you that in real life, Homer Simpson would not be employed at a nuclear power plant. On the other hand, he probably wouldn't be employed anywhere."<a href="#cite_note-nuclear-308">[306]</a> Various episodes of the show have generated controversy. The Simpsons visit Australia in "<a href="/wiki/Bart_vs._Australia" title="Bart vs. Australia">Bart vs. Australia</a>" (<a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_6" title="The Simpsons season 6">season six</a>, 1995) and Brazil in "<a href="/wiki/Blame_It_on_Lisa" title="Blame It on Lisa">Blame It on Lisa</a>" (<a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_13" title="The Simpsons season 13">season 13</a>, 2002) and both episodes generated controversy and negative reaction in the visited countries.<a href="#cite_note-309">[307]</a> In the latter case, Rio de Janeiro's tourist board—which claimed that the city was portrayed as having rampant street crime, kidnappings, slums, and monkey and rat infestations—went so far as to threaten Fox with legal action.<a href="#cite_note-310">[308]</a> Groening was a fierce and vocal critic of the episode "<a href="/wiki/A_Star_Is_Burns" title="A Star Is Burns">A Star Is Burns</a>" (<a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_6" title="The Simpsons season 6">season six</a>, 1995), which featured a <a href="/wiki/Fictional_crossover" class="mw-redirect" title="Fictional crossover">crossover</a> with <a href="/wiki/The_Critic" title="The Critic">The Critic</a>. He felt that it was just an advertisement for The Critic, and that people would incorrectly associate the show with him. When he was unsuccessful in getting the episode pulled, he had his name removed from the credits and went public with his concerns, openly criticizing James L. Brooks and saying the episode "violates the Simpsons' universe". In response, Brooks said, "I am furious with Matt, ... he's allowed his opinion, but airing this publicly in the press is going too far. ... his behavior right now is rotten."<a href="#cite_note-LATimes-156">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[309]</a> "<a href="/wiki/The_Principal_and_the_Pauper" title="The Principal and the Pauper">The Principal and the Pauper</a>" (<a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_9" title="The Simpsons season 9">season nine</a>, 1997) is one of the most controversial episodes of The Simpsons. Many fans and critics reacted negatively to the revelation that <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Skinner" class="mw-redirect" title="Seymour Skinner">Seymour Skinner</a>, a recurring character since the first season, was an impostor. The episode has been criticized by Groening and by <a href="/wiki/Harry_Shearer" title="Harry Shearer">Harry Shearer</a>, who provides the voice of Skinner. In a 2001 interview, Shearer recalled that after reading the script, he told the writers, "That's so wrong. You're taking something that an audience has built eight years or nine years of investment in and just tossed it in the trash can for no good reason, for a story we've done before with other characters. It's so arbitrary and gratuitous, and it's disrespectful to the audience."<a href="#cite_note-312">[310]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bans">Bans</h4></div> The show has reportedly been taken off the air in several countries. China banned it from prime-time television in August 2006, "in an effort to protect China's struggling animation studios".<a href="#cite_note-313">[311]</a> In 2008, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> barred the show from airing on morning television as it was deemed "unsuitable for children".<a href="#cite_note-314">[312]</a> The same year, several Russian <a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a> churches demanded that The Simpsons, <a href="/wiki/South_Park" title="South Park">South Park</a> and some other Western cartoons be removed from broadcast schedules "for propaganda of various vices" and the broadcaster's license to be revoked. However, a court decision later dismissed this request.<a href="#cite_note-315">[313]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Perceived_decline_in_quality">Perceived decline in quality</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Reception_of_The_Simpsons#Arguments_for_decline_in_quality" title="Reception of The Simpsons">Reception of The Simpsons § Arguments for decline in quality</a></div> Critics' reviews of early Simpsons episodes praised the show for its sassy humor, wit, realism, and intelligence.<a href="#cite_note-toonterrific-40">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[314]</a> However, in the late 1990s, around the airing of <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_9" title="The Simpsons season 9">season 9</a>, the tone and emphasis of the show began to change. Some critics started calling the show "tired".<a href="#cite_note-317">[315]</a> By 2000, some long-term fans had become disillusioned with the show, and pointed to its shift from character-driven plots to what they perceived as an overemphasis on zany antics.<a href="#cite_note-318">[316]</a><a href="#cite_note-319">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnndecline-320">[318]</a> Jim Schembri of <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a> attributed the decline in quality to an abandonment of character-driven storylines in favor of celebrity <a href="/wiki/Cameo_appearance" title="Cameo appearance">cameo appearances</a> and references to popular culture. Schembri wrote in 2011: "The central tragedy of The Simpsons is that it has gone from commanding attention to merely being attention-seeking. It began by proving that cartoon characters don't have to be caricatures; they can be invested with real emotions. Now the show has in essence fermented into a limp parody of itself. Memorable story arcs have been sacrificed for the sake of celebrity walk-ons and punchline-hungry dialogue."<a href="#cite_note-321">[319]</a> In 2010, the BBC noted "the common consensus is that The Simpsons' golden era ended after <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_9" title="The Simpsons season 9">season nine</a>",<a href="#cite_note-322">[320]</a> and Todd Leopold of CNN, in an article looking at its perceived decline, stated "for many fans ... the glory days are long past."<a href="#cite_note-cnndecline-320">[318]</a> Similarly, Tyler Wilson of <a href="/wiki/Coeur_d%27Alene_Press" title="Coeur d'Alene Press">Coeur d'Alene Press</a> has referred to seasons one to nine as the show's "golden age",<a href="#cite_note-323">[321]</a> and Ian Nathan of <a href="/wiki/Empire_(magazine)" title="Empire (magazine)">Empire</a> described the show's classic era as being "say, the first ten seasons".<a href="#cite_note-324">[322]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jon_Heacock" title="Jon Heacock">Jon Heacock</a> of <a href="/wiki/LucidWorks" class="mw-redirect" title="LucidWorks">LucidWorks</a> stated that "for the first ten years [seasons], the show was consistently at the top of its game", with "so many moments, quotations, and references – both epic and obscure – that helped turn the Simpson family into the cultural icons that they remain to this day".<a href="#cite_note-325">[323]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Scully" title="Mike Scully">Mike Scully</a>, who was showrunner during seasons nine through <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_12" title="The Simpsons season 12">twelve</a>, has been the subject of criticism.<a href="#cite_note-Scully-326">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner200442-327">[325]</a> Chris Suellentrop of <a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a> wrote that "under Scully's tenure, The Simpsons became, well, a cartoon ... Episodes that once would have ended with <a href="/wiki/Duffless" title="Duffless">Homer and Marge bicycling into the sunset</a> now end with <a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Mad,_Mad,_Mad,_Mad_Marge" title="It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad Marge">Homer blowing a tranquilizer dart into Marge's neck</a>. The show's still funny, but it hasn't been touching in years."<a href="#cite_note-Scully-326">[324]</a> When asked in 2007 how the series' longevity is sustained, Scully joked: "Lower your quality standards. Once you've done that you can go on forever."<a href="#cite_note-328">[326]</a> <a href="/wiki/Al_Jean" title="Al Jean">Al Jean</a>, who was showrunner during seasons <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_13" title="The Simpsons season 13">thirteen</a> through <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_33" title="The Simpsons season 33">thirty-three</a>,<a href="#cite_note-329">[327]</a> has also been the subject of criticism, with some arguing that the show has continued to decline in quality under his tenure. Former writers have complained that under Jean, the show is "on auto-pilot", "too sentimental", and the episodes are "just being cranked out". Some critics believe that the show has "entered a steady decline under Jean and is no longer really funny".<a href="#cite_note-330">[328]</a> John Ortved, author of <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons:_An_Uncensored,_Unauthorized_History" title="The Simpsons: An Uncensored, Unauthorized History">The Simpsons: An Uncensored, Unauthorized History</a>, characterized the Jean era as "toothless",<a href="#cite_note-331">[329]</a> and criticized what he perceived as the show's increase in social and political commentary.<a href="#cite_note-332">[330]</a> Jean responded: "Well, it's possible that we've declined. But honestly, I've been here the whole time and I do remember in season two people saying, 'It's gone downhill.' If we'd listened to that then we would have stopped after episode 13. I'm glad we didn't."<a href="#cite_note-333">[331]</a> In 2004, cast member <a href="/wiki/Harry_Shearer" title="Harry Shearer">Harry Shearer</a> criticized what he perceived as the show's declining quality: "I rate the last three seasons as among the worst, so <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_4" title="The Simpsons season 4">season four</a> looks very good to me now."<a href="#cite_note-334">[332]</a> Cast member <a href="/wiki/Dan_Castellaneta" title="Dan Castellaneta">Dan Castellaneta</a> responded: "I don't agree, ... I think Harry's issue is that the show isn't as grounded as it was in the first three or four seasons, that it's gotten crazy or a little more madcap. I think it organically changes to stay fresh."<a href="#cite_note-335">[333]</a> Also in 2004 author <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Coupland" title="Douglas Coupland">Douglas Coupland</a> described claims of declining quality in the series as "hogwash", saying "The Simpsons hasn't fumbled the ball in fourteen years, it's hardly likely to fumble it now."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner2004xiii-336">[334]</a> In an April 2006 interview, Groening said: "I honestly don't see any end in sight. I think it's possible that the show will get too financially cumbersome ... but right now, the show is creatively, I think, as good or better than it's ever been. The animation is incredibly detailed and imaginative, the stories do things that we haven't done before, so creatively there's no reason to quit."<a href="#cite_note-avclub1-18">[16]</a> In 2016, popular culture writer Anna Leszkiewicz suggested that even though The Simpsons still holds cultural relevance, "contemporary appeal" is only for the "first ten or so seasons", with recent episodes only garnering mainstream attention when a favorite character from the golden era is killed off, or when new information and shock twists are given for old characters.<a href="#cite_note-337">[335]</a> The series' ratings have also declined; while the <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_1" title="The Simpsons season 1">first season</a> enjoyed an average of 13.4 million viewing households per episode in the U.S.,<a href="#cite_note-season1ratings-244">[242]</a> the <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_21" title="The Simpsons season 21">twenty-first season</a> had an average of 7.2 million viewers.<a href="#cite_note-338">[336]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Sepinwall" title="Alan Sepinwall">Alan Sepinwall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matt_Zoller_Seitz" title="Matt Zoller Seitz">Matt Zoller Seitz</a> argued in their 2016 book titled <a href="/wiki/TV_(The_Book)" title="TV (The Book)">TV (The Book)</a> that the peak of The Simpsons are "roughly <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_3" title="The Simpsons season 3">seasons 3</a>–12", and that despite the decline, episodes from the later seasons such as "<a href="/wiki/Eternal_Moonshine_of_the_Simpson_Mind" title="Eternal Moonshine of the Simpson Mind">Eternal Moonshine of the Simpson Mind</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Holidays_of_Future_Passed" title="Holidays of Future Passed">Holidays of Future Passed</a>" could be considered on par with the earlier classic episodes, further stating that "even if you want to call the show today a thin shadow of its former self, think about how mind-boggingly great its former self had to be for so-diminished a version to be watchable at all."<a href="#cite_note-339">[337]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[338]</a> In 2020, <a href="/wiki/Uproxx" title="Uproxx">Uproxx</a> writer Josh Kurp stated that while he agrees with the sentiment that The Simpsons is not as good as it used to be, it is because "it was working at a level of comedy and characterization that no show ever has." He felt there were still many reasons to watch the series, as it was "still capable of quality television, and even the occasional new classic" and the fact that the show was willing to experiment, giving examples such as bringing on guest animators like <a href="/wiki/Don_Hertzfeldt" title="Don Hertzfeldt">Don Hertzfeldt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sylvain_Chomet" title="Sylvain Chomet">Sylvain Chomet</a> to produce couch gags, and guest writers like <a href="/wiki/Seth_Rogen" title="Seth Rogen">Seth Rogen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evan_Goldberg" title="Evan Goldberg">Evan Goldberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pete_Holmes" title="Pete Holmes">Pete Holmes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Megan_Amram" title="Megan Amram">Megan Amram</a> to write episodes.<a href="#cite_note-341">[339]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_32" title="The Simpsons season 32">season 32</a> episode "<a href="/wiki/I,_Carumbus" title="I, Carumbus">I, Carumbus</a>", the show itself makes a nod to these concerns in its credits gag where the god <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (mythology)">Jupiter</a> notes that "It definitely feels like they're wrapping it up ... any day now."<a href="#cite_note-342">[340]</a><a href="#cite_note-343">[341]</a> In a 2021 interview with <a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a>, Jean was quoted as saying, "To people who say The Simpsons isn't as good as it used to be, I would say I think the world isn't as good as it used to be. But we're declining at a slower rate."<a href="#cite_note-344">[342]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Race_controversy">Race controversy</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Apu_Nahasapeemapetilon#Accusations_of_racial_stereotyping" title="Apu Nahasapeemapetilon">Apu Nahasapeemapetilon § Accusations of racial stereotyping</a></div> The stereotypical nature of the character <a href="/wiki/Apu_Nahasapeemapetilon" title="Apu Nahasapeemapetilon">Apu Nahasapeemapetilon</a> has been the subject of controversy. Indian-American comedian <a href="/wiki/Hari_Kondabolu" title="Hari Kondabolu">Hari Kondabolu</a> stated in his 2017 documentary <a href="/wiki/The_Problem_with_Apu" title="The Problem with Apu">The Problem with Apu</a> that as a child he was a fan of The Simpsons and liked Apu, but he now finds the character's stereotypical nature troublesome. Defenders of the character responded that the show is built on comical stereotypes, with creator Matt Groening saying, "that's the nature of cartooning."<a href="#cite_note-345">[343]</a> He added that he was "proud of what we do on the show", and "it's a time in our culture where people love to pretend they're offended".<a href="#cite_note-346">[344]</a> In response to the controversy, Apu's voice actor, <a href="/wiki/Hank_Azaria" title="Hank Azaria">Hank Azaria</a>, said he was willing to step aside from his role as Apu: "The most important thing is to listen to South Asian people, Indian people in this country when they talk about what they feel and how they think about this character."<a href="#cite_note-347">[345]</a> In February 2020, he confirmed that he would no longer voice Apu. Groening stated at the same time that the character would remain in the show. The criticisms were referenced in the season 29 episode "<a href="/wiki/No_Good_Read_Goes_Unpunished" title="No Good Read Goes Unpunished">No Good Read Goes Unpunished</a>", when Lisa breaks the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_wall" title="Fourth wall">fourth wall</a> and addresses the audience by saying, "Something that started decades ago and was applauded and inoffensive is now politically incorrect. What can you do?" to which Marge replies, "Some things will be addressed at a later date." Lisa adds, "If at all." This reference was clarified by the fact that there was a framed photo of Apu with the caption on the photo saying "Don't have a cow, Apu", a play on Bart's catchphrase "Don't have a cow, man," as well as the fact that many <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> do not eat cows as they are considered sacred. In October 2018, it was reported that Apu would be written out of the show,<a href="#cite_note-348">[346]</a> which Groening denied.<a href="#cite_note-349">[347]</a> On June 26, 2020, in light of the various <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">protests</a>, Fox announced that recurring characters of color (<a href="/wiki/List_of_recurring_The_Simpsons_characters#Lenny_Leonard" title="List of recurring The Simpsons characters">Carl Carlson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dr._Hibbert" title="Dr. Hibbert">Dr. Hibbert</a>, among others) would no longer be voiced by white actors.<a href="#cite_note-350">[348]</a> Beginning with <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_season_32" title="The Simpsons season 32">season 32</a>, Carl, a black character originally voiced by Azaria, is now voiced by black actor <a href="/wiki/Alex_D%C3%A9sert" title="Alex Désert">Alex Désert</a>.<a href="#cite_note-351">[349]</a> In addition, <a href="/wiki/Bumblebee_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Bumblebee Man">Bumblebee Man</a>, a Spanish-speaking Latino character also originally voiced by Azaria, is now voiced by Mexican-American actor <a href="/wiki/Eric_Lopez_(voice_actor)" title="Eric Lopez (voice actor)">Eric Lopez</a>,<a href="#cite_note-352">[350]</a> and Dr. Hibbert, a black character originally voiced by <a href="/wiki/Harry_Shearer" title="Harry Shearer">Harry Shearer</a>, is now voiced by black actor <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Michael_Richardson" title="Kevin Michael Richardson">Kevin Michael Richardson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-353">[351]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Other_media">Other media</h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_(franchise)" title="The Simpsons (franchise)">The Simpsons (franchise)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comic_books">Comic books</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Simpsons_comics" title="List of The Simpsons comics">List of The Simpsons comics</a></div> Numerous Simpson-related comic books have been released over the years. The first <a href="/wiki/Comic_strip" title="Comic strip">comic strips</a> based on The Simpsons appeared in 1991 in the magazine <a href="/wiki/Simpsons_Illustrated" title="Simpsons Illustrated">Simpsons Illustrated</a>, which was a companion magazine to the show.<a href="#cite_note-354">[352]</a> The comic strips were popular and a one-shot comic book titled <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Simpsons_comics#Simpsons_Comics_and_Stories" title="List of The Simpsons comics">Simpsons Comics and Stories</a>, containing four different stories, was released in 1993 for the fans.<a href="#cite_note-bongo_launch-355">[353]</a> The book was a success and due to this, Groening and his companions <a href="/wiki/Bill_Morrison_(comics)" title="Bill Morrison (comics)">Bill Morrison</a>, Mike Rote, and Steve and Cindy Vance created the publishing company <a href="/wiki/Bongo_Comics" title="Bongo Comics">Bongo Comics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bongo_launch-355">[353]</a> A total of nine comic book series were published by Bongo Comics between 1993 and the company's dissolution in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-356">[354]</a> Issues of <a href="/wiki/Simpsons_Comics" class="mw-redirect" title="Simpsons Comics">Simpsons Comics</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Simpsons_comics#Bart_Simpson's_Treehouse_of_Horror_paperbacks" title="List of The Simpsons comics">Bart Simpson's Treehouse of Horror</a> and <a href="/wiki/Big_Bad_Book_of_Bart_Simpson" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Bad Book of Bart Simpson">Bart Simpson</a> have been collected and reprinted in <a href="/wiki/Trade_paperback_(comics)" title="Trade paperback (comics)">trade paperbacks</a> in the United States by <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>.<a href="#cite_note-357">[355]</a><a href="#cite_note-358">[356]</a><a href="#cite_note-359">[357]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_Movie" title="The Simpsons Movie">The Simpsons Movie</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kwik-e-mart-7-11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Kwik-e-mart-7-11.jpg/220px-Kwik-e-mart-7-11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1143" data-file-height="698"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 134px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Kwik-e-mart-7-11.jpg/220px-Kwik-e-mart-7-11.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="134" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Kwik-e-mart-7-11.jpg/330px-Kwik-e-mart-7-11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Kwik-e-mart-7-11.jpg/440px-Kwik-e-mart-7-11.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a> <a href="/wiki/7-Eleven" title="7-Eleven">7-Eleven</a> store transformed into a <a href="/wiki/Kwik-E-Mart" title="Kwik-E-Mart">Kwik-E-Mart</a> as part of a promotion for <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_Movie" title="The Simpsons Movie">The Simpsons Movie</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gracie_Films" title="Gracie Films">Gracie Films</a> produced <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_Movie" title="The Simpsons Movie">The Simpsons Movie</a>, an animated film that was released on July 27, 2007.<a href="#cite_note-simpsonmovie-360">[358]</a> The film was directed by long-time Simpsons producer <a href="/wiki/David_Silverman_(animator)" title="David Silverman (animator)">David Silverman</a> and written by a team of Simpsons writers comprising Matt Groening, James L. Brooks, Al Jean, George Meyer, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Reiss" title="Mike Reiss">Mike Reiss</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Swartzwelder" title="John Swartzwelder">John Swartzwelder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jon_Vitti" title="Jon Vitti">Jon Vitti</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Mirkin" title="David Mirkin">David Mirkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Scully" title="Mike Scully">Mike Scully</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matt_Selman" title="Matt Selman">Matt Selman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ian_Maxtone-Graham" title="Ian Maxtone-Graham">Ian Maxtone-Graham</a>.<a href="#cite_note-simpsonmovie-360">[358]</a> Production of the film occurred alongside continued writing of the series despite long-time claims by those involved in the show that a film would enter production only after the series had concluded.<a href="#cite_note-simpsonmovie-360">[358]</a> There had been talk of a possible feature-length Simpsons film ever since the early seasons of the series. James L. Brooks originally thought that the story of the episode "<a href="/wiki/Kamp_Krusty" title="Kamp Krusty">Kamp Krusty</a>" was suitable for a film, but he encountered difficulties in trying to expand the script to feature-length.<a href="#cite_note-361">[359]</a> For a long time, difficulties such as lack of a suitable story and an already fully engaged crew of writers delayed the project.<a href="#cite_note-avclub1-18">[16]</a> On August 10, 2018, 20th Century Fox announced that a sequel is in development.<a href="#cite_note-362">[360]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_discography" title="The Simpsons discography">The Simpsons discography</a></div> Collections of original music featured in the series have been released on the albums <a href="/wiki/Songs_in_the_Key_of_Springfield" title="Songs in the Key of Springfield">Songs in the Key of Springfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Go_Simpsonic_with_The_Simpsons" title="Go Simpsonic with The Simpsons">Go Simpsonic with The Simpsons</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons:_Testify" title="The Simpsons: Testify">The Simpsons: Testify</a>.<a href="#cite_note-363">[361]</a> Several songs have been recorded with the purpose of a single or album release and have not been featured on the show. The album <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_Sing_the_Blues" title="The Simpsons Sing the Blues">The Simpsons Sing the Blues</a> was released in September 1990 and was a success, peaking at No. 3 on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200">Billboard 200</a><a href="#cite_note-364">[362]</a> and becoming certified 2× platinum by the <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-365">[363]</a> The first single from the album was the <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">pop rap</a> song "<a href="/wiki/Do_the_Bartman" title="Do the Bartman">Do the Bartman</a>", performed by Nancy Cartwright and released on November 20, 1990. The song was written by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a>, although he did not receive any credit.<a href="#cite_note-366">[364]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Yellow_Album" title="The Yellow Album">The Yellow Album</a> was released in 1998, but received poor reception and did not chart in any country.<a href="#cite_note-367">[365]</a><a href="#cite_note-368">[366]</a><a href="#cite_note-369">[367]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Simpsons_Ride">The Simpsons Ride</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_Ride" title="The Simpsons Ride">The Simpsons Ride</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Simpsons_Ride_at_Universal_Studios_Florida.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/The_Simpsons_Ride_at_Universal_Studios_Florida.jpg/220px-The_Simpsons_Ride_at_Universal_Studios_Florida.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/The_Simpsons_Ride_at_Universal_Studios_Florida.jpg/220px-The_Simpsons_Ride_at_Universal_Studios_Florida.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/The_Simpsons_Ride_at_Universal_Studios_Florida.jpg/330px-The_Simpsons_Ride_at_Universal_Studios_Florida.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/The_Simpsons_Ride_at_Universal_Studios_Florida.jpg/440px-The_Simpsons_Ride_at_Universal_Studios_Florida.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_Ride" title="The Simpsons Ride">The Simpsons Ride</a> at <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Florida" title="Universal Studios Florida">Universal Studios Florida</a></figcaption></figure> In 2007, it was officially announced that <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_Ride" title="The Simpsons Ride">The Simpsons Ride</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Simulator_ride" title="Simulator ride">simulator ride</a>, would be implemented into the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Orlando" title="Universal Orlando">Universal Studios Orlando</a> and <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Hollywood" title="Universal Studios Hollywood">Universal Studios Hollywood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-370">[368]</a> It officially opened May 15, 2008, in Florida<a href="#cite_note-371">[369]</a> and May 19, 2008, in Hollywood.<a href="#cite_note-372">[370]</a> In the ride, patrons are introduced to a cartoon theme park called Krustyland built by <a href="/wiki/Krusty_the_Clown" title="Krusty the Clown">Krusty the Clown</a>. However, <a href="/wiki/Sideshow_Bob" title="Sideshow Bob">Sideshow Bob</a> is loose from prison to get revenge on Krusty and the <a href="/wiki/Simpson_family" title="Simpson family">Simpson family</a>.<a href="#cite_note-373">[371]</a> It features more than 24 regular characters from The Simpsons and features the voices of the regular cast members, as well as <a href="/wiki/Pamela_Hayden" title="Pamela Hayden">Pamela Hayden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russi_Taylor" title="Russi Taylor">Russi Taylor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kelsey_Grammer" title="Kelsey Grammer">Kelsey Grammer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-374">[372]</a> <a href="/wiki/Harry_Shearer" title="Harry Shearer">Harry Shearer</a> did not participate in the ride, so none of his characters have vocal parts.<a href="#cite_note-375">[373]</a> The ride also features clips from the show in the waiting line. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_games">Video games</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Simpsons_video_games" title="List of The Simpsons video games">List of The Simpsons video games</a></div> Numerous video games based on the show have been produced. Some of the early games include <a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">arcade game</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_(video_game)" title="The Simpsons (video game)">The Simpsons</a> (1991) and <a href="/wiki/Acclaim_Entertainment" title="Acclaim Entertainment">Acclaim Entertainment</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons:_Bart_vs._the_Space_Mutants" title="The Simpsons: Bart vs. the Space Mutants">The Simpsons: Bart vs. the Space Mutants</a> (1991).<a href="#cite_note-376">[374]</a><a href="#cite_note-377">[375]</a> More modern games include <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons:_Road_Rage" title="The Simpsons: Road Rage">The Simpsons: Road Rage</a> (2001), <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons:_Hit_%26_Run" title="The Simpsons: Hit & Run">The Simpsons: Hit & Run</a> (2003) and <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_Game" title="The Simpsons Game">The Simpsons Game</a> (2007).<a href="#cite_note-378">[376]</a><a href="#cite_note-379">[377]</a><a href="#cite_note-380">[378]</a> <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a>, which produced The Simpsons Game, has owned the exclusive rights to create video games based on the show since 2005.<a href="#cite_note-381">[379]</a> In 2010, they released a game called The Simpsons Arcade for <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-382">[380]</a> Another EA-produced mobile game, <a href="/wiki/Tapped_Out" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapped Out">Tapped Out</a>, was released in 2012 for iOS users, then in 2013 for <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fire" title="Amazon Fire">Kindle</a> users.<a href="#cite_note-383">[381]</a><a href="#cite_note-384">[382]</a><a href="#cite_note-385">[383]</a> Two Simpsons <a href="/wiki/Pinball" title="Pinball">pinball</a> machines have been produced: one that was available briefly after the first season, and another in 2007, both out of production.<a href="#cite_note-386">[384]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Merchandise">Merchandise</h2></div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Simpsons_books" title="List of The Simpsons books">List of The Simpsons books</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Simpsons_home_video_releases" title="List of The Simpsons home video releases">List of The Simpsons home video releases</a></div> The popularity of The Simpsons has made it a billion-dollar merchandising industry.<a href="#cite_note-mikescully-251">[249]</a> The title family and supporting characters appear on everything from T-shirts to posters. The Simpsons has been used as a theme for special editions of well-known board games, including <a href="/wiki/Cluedo" title="Cluedo">Clue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scrabble" title="Scrabble">Scrabble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monopoly_(game)" title="Monopoly (game)">Monopoly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_(game)" title="Operation (game)">Operation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Game_of_Life" title="The Game of Life">The Game of Life</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Trivia" title="Trivia">trivia</a> games What Would Homer Do? and Simpsons <a href="/wiki/Jeopardy!" title="Jeopardy!">Jeopardy!</a>. Several card games such as <a href="/wiki/Trump_(card_games)" title="Trump (card games)">trump cards</a> and The Simpsons Trading Card Game have also been released. Many official or unofficial Simpsons books such as episode guides have been published. Many episodes of the show have been released on DVD and VHS over the years. When the first season DVD was released in 2001, it quickly became the best-selling television DVD in history, although it was later overtaken by the first season of <a href="/wiki/Chappelle%27s_Show" title="Chappelle's Show">Chappelle's Show</a>.<a href="#cite_note-387">[385]</a> In particular, seasons one through seventeen were released on DVD for 13 years between September 2001 to December 2014 in the U.S./Canada (<a href="/wiki/DVD_region_code#1" title="DVD region code">Region 1</a>), Europe (<a href="/wiki/DVD_region_code#2" title="DVD region code">Region 2</a>), and Australia/New Zealand/Latin America (<a href="/wiki/DVD_region_code#4" title="DVD region code">Region 4</a>). However, on April 8, 2015, Al Jean announced that the season 17 DVD would be the last one ever produced, leaving the collection from seasons 1 to 17, season 20 (released out of order in 2010), with seasons 18, 19, and 21 onwards unreleased.<a href="#cite_note-388">[386]</a><a href="#cite_note-AVDVD-389">[387]</a> Jean also stated that the deleted scenes and commentaries would try to be released to the Simpsons World app, and that they were pushing for Simpsons World to be expanded outside of the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-AVDVD-389">[387]</a> Two years later, however, on July 22, 2017, it was announced that season 18 would be released on December 5, 2017, on DVD.<a href="#cite_note-390">[388]</a> Another two years later, on July 20, 2019, it was announced that season 19 would be released on December 3, 2019, on DVD.<a href="#cite_note-391">[389]</a> In 2003, about 500 companies around the world were licensed to use Simpsons characters in their advertising.<a href="#cite_note-392">[390]</a> As a promotion for <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_Movie" title="The Simpsons Movie">The Simpsons Movie</a>, twelve <a href="/wiki/7-Eleven" title="7-Eleven">7-Eleven</a> stores were transformed into <a href="/wiki/Kwik-E-Mart" title="Kwik-E-Mart">Kwik-E-Marts</a> and sold The Simpsons related products. These included "Buzz Cola", "Krusty-O" cereal, pink doughnuts with sprinkles, and "Squishees".<a href="#cite_note-393">[391]</a> In 2008, consumers around the world spent $750 million on merchandise related to The Simpsons, with half of the amount originating from the United States. By 2009, 20th Century Fox had greatly increased merchandising efforts.<a href="#cite_note-394">[392]</a> On April 9, 2009, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a> unveiled a series of five 44-cent stamps featuring Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa and Maggie, to commemorate the show's twentieth anniversary.<a href="#cite_note-395">[393]</a> The Simpsons is the first television series still in production to receive this recognition.<a href="#cite_note-396">[394]</a><a href="#cite_note-397">[395]</a> The stamps, designed by Matt Groening, were made available for purchase on May 7, 2009.<a href="#cite_note-398">[396]</a> Approximately one billion were printed, but only 318 million were sold, costing the Postal Service $1.2 million.<a href="#cite_note-399">[397]</a><a href="#cite_note-400">[398]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Known as 20th Century Fox Television until season 31. Also known as "30th Century Fox Television" for the episode "<a href="/wiki/Simpsorama" title="Simpsorama">Simpsorama</a>". </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> The studio produce animation for the series since season 28. </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOrtved2010" class="citation book cs1">Ortved, John (October 12, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jcJMPiM0tCwC&pg=PA287">The Simpsons: An Uncensored, Unauthorized History</a>. Faber & Faber. p. 287. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86547-939-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86547-939-5"><bdi>978-0-86547-939-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140406205057/http://books.google.com/books?id=jcJMPiM0tCwC&pg=PA287">Archived</a> from the original on April 6, 2014. Retrieved February 2, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Simpsons%3A+An+Uncensored%2C+Unauthorized+History&rft.pages=287&rft.pub=Faber+%26+Faber&rft.date=2010-10-12&rft.isbn=978-0-86547-939-5&rft.aulast=Ortved&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjcJMPiM0tCwC%26pg%3DPA287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFacts_on_File,_Incorporated2010" class="citation book cs1">Facts on File, Incorporated (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GXwBT9CuU-sC&pg=PA9">Animation</a>. Infobase Publishing. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-3249-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-3249-5"><bdi>978-1-4381-3249-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140406203948/http://books.google.com/books?id=GXwBT9CuU-sC&pg=PA9">Archived</a> from the original on April 6, 2014. Retrieved February 2, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Animation&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-3249-5&rft.au=Facts+on+File%2C+Incorporated&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGXwBT9CuU-sC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrwinConardSkoble2013" class="citation book cs1">Irwin, William; Conard, Mark T.; Skoble, Aeon J. (August 21, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SjKhSR33J8gC&pg=PA1972">The Simpsons and Philosophy: The D'oh! of Homer</a>. Open Court. p. 1972. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8126-9694-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8126-9694-3"><bdi>978-0-8126-9694-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140406205130/https://books.google.com/books?id=SjKhSR33J8gC&pg=PA1972">Archived</a> from the original on April 6, 2014. Retrieved February 2, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Simpsons+and+Philosophy%3A+The+D%27oh%21+of+Homer&rft.pages=1972&rft.pub=Open+Court&rft.date=2013-08-21&rft.isbn=978-0-8126-9694-3&rft.aulast=Irwin&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Conard%2C+Mark+T.&rft.au=Skoble%2C+Aeon+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSjKhSR33J8gC%26pg%3DPA1972&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/matt-groening-reveals-the-location-of-the-real-springfield-60583379/">"Matt Groening Reveals the Location of the Real Springfield"</a>. Smithsonian Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210910151244/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/matt-groening-reveals-the-location-of-the-real-springfield-60583379/">Archived</a> from the original on September 10, 2021. Retrieved May 1, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.atitle=Matt+Groening+Reveals+the+Location+of+the+Real+Springfield&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Farts-culture%2Fmatt-groening-reveals-the-location-of-the-real-springfield-60583379%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fox.com/the-simpsons/article/about-the-show-597bbd8a7600a0002278f4c6/">"The Simpsons About the Show"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190425041925/https://www.fox.com/the-simpsons/article/about-the-show-597bbd8a7600a0002278f4c6/">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2019. 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Retrieved June 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+Medianet&rft.atitle=Weekly+Program+Rankings+%28Oct.+27-Nov.+2%29&rft.date=2008-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcmedianet.com%2Fweb%2Fdnr%2FdispDNR.aspx%3Fid%3D110408_05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110207021408/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/01/12/tv-ratings-pro-and-college-football-and-the-simpsons-and-ncistop-weekly-viewing/38517">"TV Ratings: Pro and College Football and The Simpsons and NCIS top weekly viewing"</a>. TVbytheNumbers.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/01/12/tv-ratings-pro-and-college-football-and-the-simpsons-and-ncistop-weekly-viewing/38517/">the original</a> on February 7, 2011. Retrieved October 2, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TV+Ratings%3A+Pro+and+College+Football+and+The+Simpsons+and+NCIS+top+weekly+viewing&rft.pub=TVbytheNumbers.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvbythenumbers.zap2it.com%2F2010%2F01%2F12%2Ftv-ratings-pro-and-college-football-and-the-simpsons-and-ncistop-weekly-viewing%2F38517%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeidman2011" class="citation web cs1">Seidman, Robert (January 11, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110114071054/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/01/11/sunday-final-ratings-desperate-housewives-cleveland-adjusted-up-brothers-no-change-for-the-cape-or-bobs-burgers/78132">"Sunday Final Ratings: 'Desperate Housewives,' 'Cleveland' Adjusted Up; 'Brothers & Sisters' Down; No Change for 'The Cape' or 'Bob's Burgers'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TV_by_the_Numbers" title="TV by the Numbers">TV by the Numbers</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/01/11/sunday-final-ratings-desperate-housewives-cleveland-adjusted-up-brothers-no-change-for-the-cape-or-bobs-burgers/78132">the original</a> on January 14, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TV+by+the+Numbers&rft.atitle=Sunday+Final+Ratings%3A+%27Desperate+Housewives%2C%27+%27Cleveland%27+Adjusted+Up%3B+%27Brothers+%26+Sisters%27+Down%3B+No+Change+for+%27The+Cape%27+or+%27Bob%27s+Burgers%27&rft.date=2011-01-11&rft.aulast=Seidman&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvbythenumbers.zap2it.com%2F2011%2F01%2F11%2Fsunday-final-ratings-desperate-housewives-cleveland-adjusted-up-brothers-no-change-for-the-cape-or-bobs-burgers%2F78132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvseriesfinale.com/tv-show/the-simpsons-ratings-2011-2012/">"The Simpsons: Season 23 Ratings"</a>. TV Series Finale. May 23, 2012. Retrieved February 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TV+Series+Finale&rft.atitle=The+Simpsons%3A+Season+23+Ratings&rft.date=2012-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvseriesfinale.com%2Ftv-show%2Fthe-simpsons-ratings-2011-2012%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorman" class="citation web cs1">Gorman, Bill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120120194530/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2012/01/18/sunday-final-ratings-the-good-wife-adjusted-up-pan-am-adjusted-down-giantspackers-unscrambled-fox/116808/">"Sunday Final Ratings: 'The Good Wife' Adjusted up; 'Pan Am' adjusted down + Giants/Packers, Unscrambled Fox"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2012/01/18/sunday-final-ratings-the-good-wife-adjusted-up-pan-am-adjusted-down-giantspackers-unscrambled-fox/116808/">the original</a> on January 20, 2012. Retrieved January 20, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sunday+Final+Ratings%3A+%27The+Good+Wife%27+Adjusted+up%3B+%27Pan+Am%27+adjusted+down+%2B+Giants%2FPackers%2C+Unscrambled+Fox&rft.aulast=Gorman&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvbythenumbers.zap2it.com%2F2012%2F01%2F18%2Fsunday-final-ratings-the-good-wife-adjusted-up-pan-am-adjusted-down-giantspackers-unscrambled-fox%2F116808%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvseriesfinale.com/tv-show/the-simpsons-season-24-ratings-24789/">"The Simpsons: Season 24 Ratings"</a>. TV Series Finale. May 22, 2013. Retrieved February 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TV+Series+Finale&rft.atitle=The+Simpsons%3A+Season+24+Ratings&rft.date=2013-05-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvseriesfinale.com%2Ftv-show%2Fthe-simpsons-season-24-ratings-24789%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBibel2013" class="citation web cs1">Bibel, Sara (January 8, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130111083017/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/01/08/sunday-final-ratings-family-guy-revenge-the-simpsons-adjusted-down-plus-final-football-numbers/164322/">"Sunday Final Ratings: 'Family Guy', 'Revenge' & 'The Biggest Loser' Adjusted Up; 'The Simpsons' Adjusted Down + Final Football Numbers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TV_by_the_Numbers" title="TV by the Numbers">TV by the Numbers</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/01/08/sunday-final-ratings-family-guy-revenge-the-simpsons-adjusted-down-plus-final-football-numbers/164322/">the original</a> on January 11, 2013. Retrieved January 8, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TV+by+the+Numbers&rft.atitle=Sunday+Final+Ratings%3A+%27Family+Guy%27%2C+%27Revenge%27+%26+%27The+Biggest+Loser%27+Adjusted+Up%3B+%27The+Simpsons%27+Adjusted+Down+%2B+Final+Football+Numbers&rft.date=2013-01-08&rft.aulast=Bibel&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvbythenumbers.zap2it.com%2F2013%2F01%2F08%2Fsunday-final-ratings-family-guy-revenge-the-simpsons-adjusted-down-plus-final-football-numbers%2F164322%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvseriesfinale.com/tv-show/the-simpsons-season-25-ratings-30155/">"The Simpsons: Season 25 Ratings"</a>. TV Series Finale. May 22, 2014. Retrieved February 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TV+Series+Finale&rft.atitle=The+Simpsons%3A+Season+25+Ratings&rft.date=2014-05-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvseriesfinale.com%2Ftv-show%2Fthe-simpsons-season-25-ratings-30155%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBibel2014" class="citation web cs1">Bibel, Sara (January 7, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140107170947/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2014/01/07/sunday-final-ratings-family-guy-60-minutes-the-simpsons-bobs-burgers-the-best-of-jimmy-fallon-betrayal-adjusted-down/227214/">"Sunday Final Ratings: 'Family Guy', '60 Minutes' & 'The Mentalist' Adjusted Up; 'The Simpsons', 'Bob's Burgers', 'The Best of Jimmy Fallon' & 'Betrayal' Adjusted Down"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TV_by_the_Numbers" title="TV by the Numbers">TV by the Numbers</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2014/01/07/sunday-final-ratings-family-guy-60-minutes-the-simpsons-bobs-burgers-the-best-of-jimmy-fallon-betrayal-adjusted-down/227214/">the original</a> on January 7, 2014. Retrieved January 7, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TV+by+the+Numbers&rft.atitle=Sunday+Final+Ratings%3A+%27Family+Guy%27%2C+%2760+Minutes%27+%26+%27The+Mentalist%27+Adjusted+Up%3B+%27The+Simpsons%27%2C+%27Bob%27s+Burgers%27%2C+%27The+Best+of+Jimmy+Fallon%27+%26+%27Betrayal%27+Adjusted+Down&rft.date=2014-01-07&rft.aulast=Bibel&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvbythenumbers.zap2it.com%2F2014%2F01%2F07%2Fsunday-final-ratings-family-guy-60-minutes-the-simpsons-bobs-burgers-the-best-of-jimmy-fallon-betrayal-adjusted-down%2F227214%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150522054915/http://deadline.com/2015/05/2014-15-full-tv-season-ratings-shows-rankings-1201431167/">"Full 2014–15 Series Rankings"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood" title="Deadline Hollywood">Deadline Hollywood</a>. May 22, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2015/05/2014-15-full-tv-season-ratings-shows-rankings-1201431167/">the original</a> on May 22, 2015. Retrieved May 22, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadline+Hollywood&rft.atitle=Full+2014%E2%80%9315+Series+Rankings&rft.date=2015-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2015%2F05%2F2014-15-full-tv-season-ratings-shows-rankings-1201431167%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBibel2014" class="citation web cs1">Bibel, Sara (January 8, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150108195824/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2015/01/07/sunday-final-ratings-the-simpsons-madam-secretary-brooklyn-nine-nine-the-celebrity-apprentice-bobs-burgers-csi-adjusted-up/347466/">"Sunday Final Ratings: 'The Simpsons', 'Madam Secretary', 'Brooklyn Nine-Nine', 'The Celebrity Apprentice', 'Bob's Burgers' & 'CSI' Adjusted Up"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TV_by_the_Numbers" title="TV by the Numbers">TV by the Numbers</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2015/01/07/sunday-final-ratings-the-simpsons-madam-secretary-brooklyn-nine-nine-the-celebrity-apprentice-bobs-burgers-csi-adjusted-up/347466/">the original</a> on January 8, 2015. Retrieved January 8, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sunday+Final+Ratings%3A+%27The+Simpsons%27%2C+%27Madam+Secretary%27%2C+%27Brooklyn+Nine-Nine%27%2C+%27The+Celebrity+Apprentice%27%2C+%27Bob%27s+Burgers%27+%26+%27CSI%27+Adjusted+Up&rft.pub=TV+by+the+Numbers&rft.date=2014-01-08&rft.aulast=Bibel&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvbythenumbers.zap2it.com%2F2015%2F01%2F07%2Fsunday-final-ratings-the-simpsons-madam-secretary-brooklyn-nine-nine-the-celebrity-apprentice-bobs-burgers-csi-adjusted-up%2F347466%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvseriesfinale.com/tv-show/the-simpsons-season-27-ratings-38209/">"The Simpsons: Season 27 Ratings"</a>. TV Series Finale. May 23, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150928235543/http://tvseriesfinale.com/tv-show/the-simpsons-season-27-ratings-38209/">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2015. Retrieved July 15, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TV+Series+Finale&rft.atitle=The+Simpsons%3A+Season+27+Ratings&rft.date=2016-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvseriesfinale.com%2Ftv-show%2Fthe-simpsons-season-27-ratings-38209%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter2016" class="citation web cs1">Porter, Rick (January 12, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160114162250/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2016/01/12/sunday-final-ratings-jan-10-2016/">"Sunday final ratings: 'Simpsons' still at a season high after downward adjustment"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TV_by_the_Numbers" title="TV by the Numbers">TV by the Numbers</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2016/01/12/sunday-final-ratings-jan-10-2016/">the original</a> on January 14, 2016. Retrieved January 12, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TV+by+the+Numbers&rft.atitle=Sunday+final+ratings%3A+%27Simpsons%27+still+at+a+season+high+after+downward+adjustment&rft.date=2016-01-12&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvbythenumbers.zap2it.com%2F2016%2F01%2F12%2Fsunday-final-ratings-jan-10-2016%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2017/05/2016-2017-tv-season-ratings-series-rankings-list-1202102340/">"Final 2016–17 TV Rankings: 'Sunday Night Football' Winning Streak Continues"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood" title="Deadline Hollywood">Deadline Hollywood</a>. May 26, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170608095937/http://deadline.com/2017/05/2016-2017-tv-season-ratings-series-rankings-list-1202102340/">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2017. Retrieved May 26, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadline+Hollywood&rft.atitle=Final+2016%E2%80%9317+TV+Rankings%3A+%27Sunday+Night+Football%27+Winning+Streak+Continues&rft.date=2017-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2017%2F05%2F2016-2017-tv-season-ratings-series-rankings-list-1202102340%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter2017" class="citation web cs1">Porter, Rick (January 10, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170111153936/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/daily-ratings/sunday-final-ratings-jan-8-2017/">"'The Simpsons' and FOX adjust down, still above average: Sunday final ratings"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TV_by_the_Numbers" title="TV by the Numbers">TV by the Numbers</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/daily-ratings/sunday-final-ratings-jan-8-2017/">the original</a> on January 11, 2017. Retrieved January 10, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TV+by+the+Numbers&rft.atitle=%27The+Simpsons%27+and+FOX+adjust+down%2C+still+above+average%3A+Sunday+final+ratings&rft.date=2017-01-10&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvbythenumbers.zap2it.com%2Fdaily-ratings%2Fsunday-final-ratings-jan-8-2017%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2018/05/2017-2018-tv-series-ratings-rankings-full-list-of-shows-1202395851/">"2017–18 TV Series Ratings Rankings: NFL Football, 'Big Bang' Top Charts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood" title="Deadline Hollywood">Deadline Hollywood</a>. May 22, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180924030519/https://deadline.com/2018/05/2017-2018-tv-series-ratings-rankings-full-list-of-shows-1202395851/">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadline+Hollywood&rft.atitle=2017%E2%80%9318+TV+Series+Ratings+Rankings%3A+NFL+Football%2C+%27Big+Bang%27+Top+Charts&rft.date=2018-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2018%2F05%2F2017-2018-tv-series-ratings-rankings-full-list-of-shows-1202395851%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter2018" class="citation web cs1">Porter, Rick (January 17, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180118010321/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/daily-ratings/sunday-final-ratings-jan-14-2018/">"'NCIS: LA' and 'Family Guy' adjust up, other FOX shows adjust down: Sunday final ratings"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TV_by_the_Numbers" title="TV by the Numbers">TV by the Numbers</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/daily-ratings/sunday-final-ratings-jan-14-2018/">the original</a> on January 18, 2018. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/daily-ratings/sunday-final-ratings-jan-13-2019/">the original</a> on January 15, 2019. 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May 19, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200629171326/https://tvseriesfinale.com/tv-show/the-simpsons-season-31-ratings/">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2020. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/daily-ratings/sunday-final-ratings-oct-6-2019/">the original</a> on October 8, 2019. 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May 24, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200629171326/https://tvseriesfinale.com/tv-show/the-simpsons-season-34-ratings/">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2020. 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Variety. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140824135117/http://variety.com/2014/tv/news/the-simpsons-marathon-more-than-triples-primetime-audience-for-fxx-1201288542/">Archived</a> from the original on August 24, 2014. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2014/08/28/fxx-paints-labor-day-weekend-yellow/297657/">the original</a> on September 6, 2014. Retrieved September 2, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FXX+Paints+Labor+Day+Weekend+Yellow&rft.pub=TV+by+the+Numbers&rft.date=2014-08-28&rft.aulast=Kondolojy&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvbythenumbers.zap2it.com%2F2014%2F08%2F28%2Ffxx-paints-labor-day-weekend-yellow%2F297657%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200809150447/https://www.foxtel.com.au/watch/the-simpsons.html#:~:text=On%20FOX8&text=From%20December%2016th%20FOX8%20will,with%20a%2021%20day%20marathon">"Foxtel is Celebrating The Simpsons 30th Anniversary"</a>. Foxtel. 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Variety. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/the-simpsons-freeform-airing-september-2019-1203214008/">the original</a> on June 5, 2019. Retrieved August 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Freeform+to+begin+airing+%27The+Simpsons%27+in+Fall+2019&rft.date=2019-05-14&rft.aulast=Turchiano&rft.aufirst=Danielle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2019%2Ftv%2Fnews%2Fthe-simpsons-freeform-airing-september-2019-1203214008%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/article/2014/10/22/simpsons-world-app-site/">"A deep dive into the glorious time-suck that is 'Simpsons World'"</a>. 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Retrieved November 1, 2015 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%40thesimpsons+%23EverySimpsonsEver+I+personally+am+v+sorry+to+see+DVDs+discontinued+We+did+them+purely+for+the+love+of+hearing+ourselves+talk%22+%5C&rft.date=2015-04-08&rft.aulast=Jean&rft.aufirst=Al&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FAlJean%2Fstatus%2F585822651651727361&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AVDVD-389">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AVDVD_389-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AVDVD_389-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSean_O'Neal2015" class="citation web cs1">Sean O'Neal (April 9, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avclub.com/the-simpsons-will-no-longer-be-released-on-dvd-1798278711">"The Simpsons will no longer be released on DVD"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_A.V._Club" title="The A.V. Club">The A.V. Club</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151023203602/http://www.avclub.com/article/simpsons-will-no-longer-be-released-dvd-217796">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2015. Retrieved January 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Simpsons+will+no+longer+be+released+on+DVD&rft.pub=The+A.V.+Club&rft.date=2015-04-09&rft.au=Sean+O%27Neal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.avclub.com%2Fthe-simpsons-will-no-longer-be-released-on-dvd-1798278711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-390"><a href="#cite_ref-390">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnimation_on_FOX2017" class="citation web cs1">Animation on FOX (July 23, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3Tfi5vjGBo">"THE SIMPSONS Panel at Comic-Con 2017 – Season 28"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190901183702/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3Tfi5vjGBo&gl=US&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2019 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+SIMPSONS+Panel+at+Comic-Con+2017+%E2%80%93+Season+28&rft.date=2017-07-23&rft.au=Animation+on+FOX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dy3Tfi5vjGBo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-391"><a href="#cite_ref-391">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.variety.com/2019/tv/news/simpsons-dvd-season-19-disney-1203274456/amp/">"The Simpsons' Will Finally Release Season 19 on DVD, Helping Out Purist Collectors"</a>. Variety. 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Retrieved October 18, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Pressure+is+on+%27The+Simpsons%27+to+capitalize+on+merchandise&rft.date=2009-05-14&rft.aulast=Lieberman&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusatoday30.usatoday.com%2Fmoney%2Fmedia%2F2009-05-14-merchandise-fox-simpsons_N.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-395"><a href="#cite_ref-395">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111119203243/http://www.sify.com/news/simpsons-stamps-unveiled-imagegallery-others-jfmu9Fdcadj.html">"Simpsons' stamps unveiled"</a>. Sify News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sify.com/news/simpsons-stamps-unveiled-imagegallery-others-jfmu9Fdcadj.html">the original</a> on November 19, 2011. Retrieved May 16, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sify+News&rft.atitle=Simpsons%27+stamps+unveiled&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sify.com%2Fnews%2Fsimpsons-stamps-unveiled-imagegallery-others-jfmu9Fdcadj.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-396"><a href="#cite_ref-396">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7975925.stm">"The Simpsons get postage stamps"</a>. BBC News Online. April 1, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090402012152/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7975925.stm">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2009. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allbusiness.com/company-activities-management/product-management/12285618-1.html">the original</a> on January 10, 2011. Retrieved April 1, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Postal+Service+launching+%27Simpsons%27+stamps&rft.date=2009-04-01&rft.au=Szalai%2C+George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allbusiness.com%2Fcompany-activities-management%2Fproduct-management%2F12285618-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-398"><a href="#cite_ref-398">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/TV/04/09/simpsons.stamps/">"'Simpsons' stamps to hit post offices (d'oh!)"</a>. CNN. April 9, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121105195613/http://www.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/TV/04/09/simpsons.stamps/">Archived</a> from the original on November 5, 2012. Retrieved April 9, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=%27Simpsons%27+stamps+to+hit+post+offices+%28d%27oh%21%29&rft.date=2009-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2009%2FSHOWBIZ%2FTV%2F04%2F09%2Fsimpsons.stamps%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-399"><a href="#cite_ref-399">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090828035658/http://newslite.tv/2009/05/08/the-simpsons-stamps-launched-i.html">"The Simpsons stamps launched in US"</a>. Newslite. May 8, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newslite.tv/2009/05/08/the-simpsons-stamps-launched-i.html">the original</a> on August 28, 2009. Retrieved May 8, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Simpsons+stamps+launched+in+US&rft.pub=Newslite&rft.date=2009-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewslite.tv%2F2009%2F05%2F08%2Fthe-simpsons-stamps-launched-i.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-400"><a href="#cite_ref-400">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140427213137/http://www.uspsoig.gov/sites/default/files/document-library-files/2013/MS-AR-12-006.pdf">"Stamp Manufacturing and Inventory Management"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service_Office_of_Inspector_General" title="United States Postal Service Office of Inspector General">United States Postal Service Office of Inspector General</a>. July 23, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uspsoig.gov/sites/default/files/document-library-files/2013/MS-AR-12-006.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on April 27, 2014. Retrieved April 27, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stamp+Manufacturing+and+Inventory+Management&rft.pub=United+States+Postal+Service+Office+of+Inspector+General&rft.date=2012-07-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uspsoig.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocument-library-files%2F2013%2FMS-AR-12-006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlberti2003" class="citation book cs1">Alberti, John (2003). <a href="/wiki/Leaving_Springfield" title="Leaving Springfield">Leaving Springfield: The Simpsons and the Possibility of Oppositional Culture</a>. 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Harper Collins Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-050592-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-050592-9"><bdi>978-0-06-050592-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Simpsons+Beyond+Forever%21%3A+A+Complete+Guide+to+Our+Favorite+Family+...+Still+Continued&rft.pub=Harper+Collins+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-06-050592-9&rft.aulast=McCann&rft.aufirst=Jesse+L.&rft.au=Groening%2C+Matt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeck2005" class="citation book cs1">Beck, Jerry (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/animatedmoviegui0000beck">The Animated Movie Guide</a>. <a href="/wiki/Independent_Publishers_Group" title="Independent Publishers Group">Chicago Review Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55652-591-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55652-591-9"><bdi>978-1-55652-591-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Animated+Movie+Guide&rft.pub=Chicago+Review+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-55652-591-9&rft.aulast=Beck&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanimatedmoviegui0000beck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCartwright2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Cartwright" title="Nancy Cartwright">Cartwright, Nancy</a> (2000). <a href="/wiki/My_Life_as_a_10-Year-Old_Boy" title="My Life as a 10-Year-Old Boy">My Life as a 10-Year-Old Boy</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Hachette_Books" title="Hachette Books">Hyperion Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7868-8600-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7868-8600-5"><bdi>978-0-7868-8600-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Life+as+a+10-Year-Old+Boy&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Hyperion+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7868-8600-5&rft.aulast=Cartwright&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFolkard2006" class="citation book cs1">Folkard, Claire (2006). Guinness World Records 2006. Bantam USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-553-58906-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-553-58906-1"><bdi>978-0-553-58906-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guinness+World+Records+2006&rft.pub=Bantam+USA&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-553-58906-1&rft.aulast=Folkard&rft.aufirst=Claire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichmond_&_Coffman1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matt_Groening" title="Matt Groening">Groening, Matt</a> (1997). <a href="/wiki/Ray_Richmond" title="Ray Richmond">Richmond, Ray</a>; Coffman, Antonia (eds.). <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_episode_guides#The_Simpsons:_A_Complete_Guide_to_Our_Favorite_Family" title="The Simpsons episode guides">The Simpsons: A Complete Guide to Our Favorite Family</a> (1st ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/HarperPerennial" class="mw-redirect" title="HarperPerennial">HarperPerennial</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-095252-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-095252-5"><bdi>978-0-06-095252-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/98141857">98141857</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/37796735">37796735</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL433519M">433519M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Simpsons%3A+A+Complete+Guide+to+Our+Favorite+Family&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=HarperPerennial&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F37796735&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F98141857&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL433519M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-0-06-095252-5&rft.aulast=Groening&rft.aufirst=Matt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2002" class="citation book cs1">King, Geoff (2002). New Hollywood Cinema: An Introduction. I B Tauris & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-750-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-750-5"><bdi>978-1-86064-750-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Hollywood+Cinema%3A+An+Introduction&rft.pub=I+B+Tauris+%26+Co&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-86064-750-5&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Geoff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrtved2009" class="citation book cs1">Ortved, John (2009). <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons:_An_Uncensored,_Unauthorized_History" title="The Simpsons: An Uncensored, Unauthorized History">The Simpsons: An Uncensored, Unauthorized History</a>. Greystone Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55365-503-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55365-503-9"><bdi>978-1-55365-503-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Simpsons%3A+An+Uncensored%2C+Unauthorized+History&rft.pub=Greystone+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-55365-503-9&rft.aulast=Ortved&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Turner_(author)" title="Chris Turner (author)">Turner, Chris</a> (2004). <a href="/wiki/Planet_Simpson" title="Planet Simpson">Planet Simpson: How a Cartoon Masterpiece Documented an Era and Defined a Generation</a>. Foreword by <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Coupland" title="Douglas Coupland">Douglas Coupland</a>. (1st ed.). Toronto: <a href="/wiki/Random_House_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Random House Canada">Random House Canada</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-31318-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-31318-2"><bdi>978-0-679-31318-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/55682258">55682258</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Planet+Simpson%3A+How+a+Cartoon+Masterpiece+Documented+an+Era+and+Defined+a+Generation&rft.place=Toronto&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Random+House+Canada&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F55682258&rft.isbn=978-0-679-31318-2&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownLogan2006" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Alan; Logan, Chris (2006). <a href="/wiki/The_Psychology_of_The_Simpsons" title="The Psychology of The Simpsons">The Psychology of The Simpsons</a>. Benbella Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-932100-70-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-932100-70-9"><bdi>978-1-932100-70-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Psychology+of+The+Simpsons&rft.pub=Benbella+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-932100-70-9&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Logan%2C+Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray2006" class="citation book cs1">Gray, Jonathan (2006). Watching with The Simpsons: Television, Parody, and Intertextuality. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-36202-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-36202-3"><bdi>978-0-415-36202-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Watching+with+The+Simpsons%3A+Television%2C+Parody%2C+and+Intertextuality&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-415-36202-3&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffmannBailey1994" class="citation book cs1">Hoffmann, Frank W.; Bailey, William G. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fashionmerchandi00hoff">Fashion and Merchandising Fads</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56024-376-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56024-376-2"><bdi>978-1-56024-376-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fashion+and+Merchandising+Fads&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-56024-376-2&rft.aulast=Hoffmann&rft.aufirst=Frank+W.&rft.au=Bailey%2C+William+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffashionmerchandi00hoff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrwinConradSkoble1999" class="citation book cs1">Irwin, William; Conrad, Mark T.; Skoble, Aeon (1999). <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_and_Philosophy:_The_D%27oh!_of_Homer" class="mw-redirect" title="The Simpsons and Philosophy: The D'oh! of Homer">The Simpsons and Philosophy: The D'oh! of Homer</a>. Open Court. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8126-9433-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8126-9433-8"><bdi>978-0-8126-9433-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Simpsons+and+Philosophy%3A+The+D%27oh%21+of+Homer&rft.pub=Open+Court&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8126-9433-8&rft.aulast=Irwin&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Conrad%2C+Mark+T.&rft.au=Skoble%2C+Aeon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeller1992" class="citation book cs1">Keller, Beth L. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/simpsonsphilosop00irwi">The Gospel According to Bart: Examining the Religious Elements of The Simpsons</a>. Regent University. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8126-9433-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8126-9433-8"><bdi>978-0-8126-9433-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+According+to+Bart%3A+Examining+the+Religious+Elements+of+The+Simpsons&rft.pub=Regent+University&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8126-9433-8&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=Beth+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsimpsonsphilosop00irwi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeslowitz2003" class="citation book cs1">Keslowitz, Steven (2003). The Simpsons And Society: An Analysis Of Our Favorite Family And Its Influence In Contemporary Society. Hats Off Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58736-253-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58736-253-8"><bdi>978-1-58736-253-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Simpsons+And+Society%3A+An+Analysis+Of+Our+Favorite+Family+And+Its+Influence+In+Contemporary+Society&rft.pub=Hats+Off+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-58736-253-8&rft.aulast=Keslowitz&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinsky2001" class="citation book cs1">Pinsky, Mark I (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gospelaccordingt00mark">The Gospel According to The Simpsons: The Spiritual Life of the World's Most Animated Family</a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22419-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22419-6"><bdi>978-0-664-22419-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+According+to+The+Simpsons%3A+The+Spiritual+Life+of+the+World%27s+Most+Animated+Family&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-664-22419-6&rft.aulast=Pinsky&rft.aufirst=Mark+I&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgospelaccordingt00mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinskyParvin2002" class="citation book cs1">Pinsky, Mark I.; Parvin, Samuel F. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gospelaccordingt0000pins_c1g6">The Gospel According to the Simpsons: Leaders Guide for Group Study</a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22590-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22590-2"><bdi>978-0-664-22590-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+According+to+the+Simpsons%3A+Leaders+Guide+for+Group+Study&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-664-22590-2&rft.aulast=Pinsky&rft.aufirst=Mark+I.&rft.au=Parvin%2C+Samuel+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgospelaccordingt0000pins_c1g6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Singh" title="Simon Singh">Singh, Simon</a> (2013). <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_and_Their_Mathematical_Secrets" title="The Simpsons and Their Mathematical Secrets">The Simpsons and Their Mathematical Secrets</a>. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62040-277-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62040-277-1"><bdi>978-1-62040-277-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Simpsons+and+Their+Mathematical+Secrets&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+USA&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-62040-277-1&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Simpsons" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235611614">.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);margin:0.5em 0;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.5em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-listen-to{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-files{text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-icon{float:left;margin-left:5px;margin-top:10px}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer{margin-left:60px;margin-top:10px;font-size:95%;line-height:1.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-footer{margin-top:10px;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{width:20em;float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="spoken-wikipedia noprint haudio"><div class="spoken-wikipedia-header">Listen to this article (41 minutes)</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-files"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" style="width:200px;" data-durationhint="2478" data-mwtitle="The_Simpsons_Spoken.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/The_Simpsons_Spoken.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/The_Simpsons_Spoken.ogg/The_Simpsons_Spoken.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-icon"><noscript><img alt="Spoken Wikipedia icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/45px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="34" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 45px;height: 34px;" 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.portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Simpsons_tv_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Simpsons_tv_icon.svg/19px-Simpsons_tv_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Simpsons_tv_icon.svg/19px-Simpsons_tv_icon.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Simpsons_tv_icon.svg/29px-Simpsons_tv_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Simpsons_tv_icon.svg/38px-Simpsons_tv_icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:The_Simpsons" title="Portal:The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Animation_disc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Animation_disc.svg/20px-Animation_disc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="28"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 19px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Animation_disc.svg/20px-Animation_disc.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="20" data-height="19" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Animation_disc.svg/31px-Animation_disc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Animation_disc.svg/41px-Animation_disc.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Animation" title="Portal:Animation">Animation</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:SMirC-laugh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/SMirC-laugh.svg/19px-SMirC-laugh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="320"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/SMirC-laugh.svg/19px-SMirC-laugh.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/SMirC-laugh.svg/29px-SMirC-laugh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/SMirC-laugh.svg/38px-SMirC-laugh.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Comedy" title="Portal:Comedy">Comedy</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Mad_scientist.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mad_scientist.svg/20px-Mad_scientist.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="684" data-file-height="640"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 19px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mad_scientist.svg/20px-Mad_scientist.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="20" data-height="19" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mad_scientist.svg/31px-Mad_scientist.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mad_scientist.svg/41px-Mad_scientist.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cartoon" title="Portal:Cartoon">Cartoon</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank_television_set.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/21px-Blank_television_set.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="92"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/21px-Blank_television_set.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="21" data-height="14" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/32px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/42px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Television" title="Portal:Television">Television</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="21" data-height="11" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/17px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="530"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 19px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/17px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="17" data-height="19" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/26px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/34px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s" title="Portal:1980s">1980s</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:EC1835_C_cut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/16px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 19px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/16px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg" data-alt="icon" data-width="16" data-height="19" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/24px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/32px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:1990s" title="Portal:1990s">1990s</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">The Simpsons at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/29px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:The_Simpsons" class="extiw" title="wikt:Appendix:The Simpsons">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 14px;height: 19px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="14" data-height="19" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:The_Simpsons" class="extiw" title="c:Category:The Simpsons">Media</a> from Commons</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="11" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:The_Simpsons" class="extiw" title="n:Category:The Simpsons">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 19px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="19" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" class="extiw" title="q:The Simpsons">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="12" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886" class="extiw" title="d:Q886">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Simpsons&oldid=1275478227">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Simpsons&oldid=1275478227</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=The_Simpsons&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 13 February 2025, at 07:52 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Симпсонхэр – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Симпсонхэр" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Simpsons" title="Die Simpsons – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Die Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%98_%E1%88%B2%E1%88%9D%E1%8D%95%E1%88%B6%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B5" title="ዘ ሲምፕሶንስ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዘ ሲምፕሶንስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpsoneh" title="Simpsoneh – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Simpsoneh" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="عائلة سيمبسون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عائلة سيمبسون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os_Simpson" title="Os Simpson – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Os Simpson" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpsonlar" title="Simpsonlar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Simpsonlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سیمپسونلار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سیمپسونلار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%B8" title="দ্য সিম্পসন্‌স – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দ্য সিম্পসন্‌স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Сімпсаны – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сімпсаны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Сымпсаны – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сымпсаны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="द सिम्पसन्स – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="द सिम्पसन्स" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Семейство Симпсън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Семейство Симпсън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Simpsons" title="Die Simpsons – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Die Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="སིམ་བུ་སན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སིམ་བུ་སན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpsoni" title="Simpsoni – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Simpsoni" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Els_Simpson" title="Els Simpson – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Els Simpson" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpsonovi" title="Simpsonovi – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Simpsonovi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Simpsons" title="Die Simpsons – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Die Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpsonid" title="Simpsonid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Simpsonid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8D" title="Симпсонтнэ – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Симпсонтнэ" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Simpson" title="Los Simpson – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Los Simpson" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Simpsonoj" title="La Simpsonoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="La Simpsonoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Simpson" title="Los Simpson – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Los Simpson" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="سیمپسون‌ها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیمپسون‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Simpson" title="Les Simpson – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Les Simpson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%AC%EC%8A%A8_%EA%B0%80%EC%A1%B1" title="심슨 가족 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="심슨 가족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%B4%D6%83%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A8" title="Սիմփսոնները – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սիմփսոնները" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="द सिम्पसन्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="द सिम्पसन्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpsoni" title="Simpsoni – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Simpsoni" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Hulontalo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Simpson" title="Le Simpson – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Le Simpson" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%8A%E1%93%AF%E1%92%AA%E1%90%B2%E1%93%B2%E1%93%83%E1%91%A6" title="ᐊᓯᒪᐲᓲᓃᑦ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐊᓯᒪᐲᓲᓃᑦ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmaSimpson" title="AmaSimpson – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="AmaSimpson" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpsonfj%C3%B6lskyldan" title="Simpsonfjölskyldan – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Simpsonfjölskyldan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Simpson" title="I Simpson – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="I Simpson" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F" title="משפחת סימפסון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משפחת סימפסון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="სიმფსონები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სიმფსონები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%90%D9%85%D9%9B%D9%BE%D8%B3%D9%8E%D9%86%D9%95%D8%B2" title="داسِمٛپسَنٕز – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="داسِمٛپسَنٕز" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Симпсондар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Симпсондар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Simpson" title="Les Simpson – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Les Simpson" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Симпсондор – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Симпсондор" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpsoni" title="Simpsoni – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Simpsoni" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpsonai" title="Simpsonai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Simpsonai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Simpson_csal%C3%A1d" title="A Simpson család – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A Simpson család" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Симпсонови – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Симпсонови" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ദ സിംസൺസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദ സിംസൺസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il-Simpsons" title="Il-Simpsons – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Il-Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C4%81_Simpsons" title="Ngā Simpsons – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ngā Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="सिम्पसन्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सिम्पसन्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="სიმფსონეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სიმფსონეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2" title="ذا سيمپسونز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ذا سيمپسونز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="द सिम्प्सन्स – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="द सिम्प्सन्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D" title="द सिम्प्सन्‌स् – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="द सिम्प्सन्‌स्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA" title="ザ・シンプソンズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ザ・シンプソンズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Симпсонаш – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Симпсонаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%27_Simpsons" title="T' Simpsons – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="T' Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpsons" title="Simpsons – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpsons" title="Simpsons – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B8" title="ਦ ਸਿਮਪਸਨਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦ ਸਿਮਪਸਨਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D" title="द सिम्प्सनस् – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="द सिम्प्सनस्" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%B2" title="دی سمپسنز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دی سمپسنز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%B2" title="سمپسنز – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سمپسنز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BA_%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%93" title="ដឺ ស៊ីមសុន – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ដឺ ស៊ីមសុន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A9s_Simpson" title="Chés Simpson – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Chés Simpson" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpsonowie" title="Simpsonowie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Simpsonowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%83%CF%89%CE%BD%CF%82" title="Σιμπσωνς – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Σιμπσωνς" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os_Simpsons" title="Os Simpsons – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Os Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/D_Simpsons" title="D Simpsons – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="D Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_Simpson" title="Familia Simpson – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Familia Simpson" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Симпсоны – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Симпсоны" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D" title="द सिम्प्सन्स् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="द सिम्प्सन्स्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpsons" title="Simpsons – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Simpson" title="Li Simpson – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Li Simpson" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="ද සිම්ප්සන්ස් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ද සිම්ප්සන්ස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpsonovci" title="Simpsonovci – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Simpsonovci" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpsonovi" title="Simpsonovi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Simpsonovi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B3%DB%86%D9%86%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سیمپسۆنەکان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سیمپسۆنەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Симпсонови – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Симпсонови" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpsonit" title="Simpsonit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Simpsonit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpsons" title="Simpsons – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Симпсоннар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Симпсоннар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="เดอะซิมป์สันส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เดอะซิมป์สันส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Симпсонҳо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Симпсонҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpsonlar" title="Simpsonlar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Simpsonlar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%91%D1%81" title="Симпсонъёс – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Симпсонъёс" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Сімпсони – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сімпсони" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%B2" title="دا سمپسنز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دا سمپسنز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E6%99%AE%E6%A3%AE%E4%B8%80%E5%AE%B6" title="辛普森一家 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="辛普森一家" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="די סימפסאנס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="די סימפסאנס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A3%AE%E4%B8%80%E6%97%8F" title="阿森一族 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿森一族" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E6%99%AE%E6%A3%AE%E4%B8%80%E5%AE%B6" title="辛普森一家 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="辛普森一家" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons – Mossi" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="The Simpsons" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="Mossi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Moore</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B7%E2%B4%B0_%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A3" title="ⴷⴰ ⵙⵉⵎⴱⵙⵓⵏⵣ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴷⴰ ⵙⵉⵎⴱⵙⵓⵏⵣ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 February 2025, at 07:52 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7b95555b9d-jgmq5","wgBackendResponseTime":646,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"5.193","walltime":"5.681","ppvisitednodes":{"value":26861,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1275045,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":207200,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":48,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1564702,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 4858.438 1 -total"," 42.97% 2087.599 2 Template:Reflist"," 20.67% 1004.316 1 Template:Infobox_television"," 18.60% 903.760 71 Template:Main_other"," 15.09% 733.157 148 Template:Cite_news"," 14.03% 681.790 139 Template:Cite_web"," 6.69% 324.824 44 Template:Sfn"," 6.14% 298.490 40 Template:Navbox"," 5.29% 257.242 4 Template:Navboxes"," 4.62% 224.649 25 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[\"CITEREFBibel2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBlock2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBonne,_Jon2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBonné,_Jon2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoswell,_Randy2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBradley2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrennan,_Judy1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrian_Donlon1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrownLogan2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrowne1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurkeman,_Oliver2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurwick,_Kevin2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCagle,_Daryl\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarroll,_Larry2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarroll,_Steven2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCartwright2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCassidy,_John1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCelestino2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCerone,_Daniel1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChampagne2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClark,_Charles2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClark,_Stuart2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClark2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClarke2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCorliss,_Richard1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDan_Snierson\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaniel_Cerone1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavis2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeRosa1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeRosa1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_La_Roca2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeneroff2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDoherty1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonna_Gable1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDrozdowski1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuffy,_Mike1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunne,_Mike1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEitenne2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEl-Rashidi2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElber,_Lynn2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElber,_Lynn2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEugene_Sloan1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvon2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFFacts_on_File,_Incorporated2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFinley,_Adam2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFleming,_Michael2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlew,_Terry1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlint2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFolkard2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreedman,_Donna1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrettsRoush\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGelman2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGennis2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlaister2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlionna1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGorman\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGorman2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraham,_Jefferson1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrala\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGray2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGriffiths2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGroening2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGroening2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrove,_LloydMorgan,_Hudson2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHamilton,_Don2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHancockHenning_Santiago2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHann,_Michael2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarris,_Bill2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHavin2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenry2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoffmannBailey1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHogan2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIrwinConardSkoble2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIrwinConradSkoble1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFItzkoff2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJason_Schreier2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJean2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJon_Fingas2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaulessar,_Ricardo2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKay,_Jonathan2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeller1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKen_Tucker1990\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKeough2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeslowitz2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeveney,_Bill2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeveney2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKing2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKissell2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKleinfield,_N.R.1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKondolojy2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKuipers2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKurp2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLam2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLambert,_David2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLavin2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee,_Luaine2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeggett2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeonard2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeopold,_Todd2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiberman._Mark2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLieberman2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLisa_Respers_France\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLyles2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacDonald2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacintyre2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarrone2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin,_Brett2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartinez\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartynWood2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCampbell1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCannGroening2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcDonald,_Joe2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGinnis2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGinty2005\"] = 1,\n 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[\"CITEREFPorter2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPorter2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPotts,_Kimberly2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPucci2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRabin,_Nathan2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRadford2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRedkar2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRemington1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichard_Corliss2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichmond,_Ray1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichmond_\u0026amp;_Coffman1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRohter,_Larry1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosario2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenbaum,_Martin2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRyan,_Kyle2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRyan2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalem2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSands,_Rich2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchneider2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchneider2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchuchardt,_Richard\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott_D._Pierce1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSean_O\u0026#039;Neal2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeidman2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeitz,_Matt_ZollerSepinwall,_Alan2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSelman2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSepinwall2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSepinwallSeitz2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSheridan2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShorto,_Russell2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShutt,_Craig\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSigall2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimon1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSinclair2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSnierson,_Dan2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSnierson2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSotoodeh2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpangler2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpotnitz1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrachan,_Al2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuellentrop,_Chris2003\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSzalai,_George2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrust,_Gary2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTucker1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurchiano2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurner2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVary,_Adam_B.2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVineberg2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWallace,_Lewis2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWallenstein,_Andrew\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWard,_Kate2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaxman2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeinman,_Jaime_J.2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWelch2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWilonsky,_Robert2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson,_Benji2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYardley2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYounge,_GaryJon_Henley2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZdyrko2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZimmer2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFКозенко2009\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 26,\n [\"'\"] = 9,\n [\"' \\\"\"] = 1,\n [\"'s\"] = 3,\n [\"-\\\"\"] = 4,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Annie Award for Best Animated Television Production\"] = 1,\n [\"Annie Award for Best General Audience Animated Television Production\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 25,\n [\"Cite episode\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite interview\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 27,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 148,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite tweet\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite video\"] = 8,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 139,\n [\"Collapsible list\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Simpsons, The\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 2,\n [\"Em\"] = 1,\n [\"EmmyAward AnimationLessThanHour\"] = 1,\n [\"End date\"] = 1,\n [\"Epguides\"] = 1,\n [\"FOXNetwork Shows (current and upcoming)\"] = 1,\n [\"Featured article\"] = 1,\n [\"Film Roman\"] = 1,\n [\"Fox Animation\"] = 1,\n [\"Free access\"] = 3,\n [\"Further\"] = 4,\n [\"GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Individual Episode\"] = 1,\n [\"Gracie Films\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 3,\n [\"IMDb title\"] = 1,\n [\"Idp\"] = 3,\n [\"Infobox television\"] = 1,\n [\"Klasky Csupo\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 16,\n [\"Matt Groening\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 4,\n [\"Nee\"] = 1,\n [\"Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Cartoon\"] = 1,\n [\"Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award for Favorite TV Show\"] = 1,\n [\"Nobold\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 5,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"People's Choice Award for Favorite New TV Comedy\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 6,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-vandalism\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 2,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rough Draft Studios\"] = 1,\n [\"Saturn Award for Best Network Television Series\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 44,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Simpsons Christmas episodes\"] = 1,\n [\"Simpsons Sideshow Bob\"] = 1,\n [\"Simpsons albums\"] = 1,\n [\"Simpsons games\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 12,\n [\"Spoken Wikipedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date\"] = 1,\n [\"Subject bar\"] = 1,\n [\"TCA Award for Outstanding Achievement in Comedy\"] = 1,\n [\"TCA Heritage Award\"] = 1,\n [\"Teen Choice Award for Choice Animated Series\"] = 1,\n [\"Template parameter value\"] = 1,\n [\"The Interviews title\"] = 1,\n [\"The Simpsons\"] = 1,\n [\"The Simpsons books\"] = 1,\n [\"The Simpsons episodes\"] = 1,\n [\"Treehouse of Horror\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Visible anchor\"] = 2,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n [\"WritersGuildofAmericaAnimationScreenplay\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = 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