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CSS box-sizing
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="keywords" content="CSS box-sizing, div, padding, margin, margins, web-kit, columns, shorthand, property, properties, css extension, safari, chrome, firefox, internet explorer, iOS, ipod, ipad, apple, mac, windows, mozilla, -moz, proprietary, proprietry, open source framework"> <meta name="Description" content="CSS box-sizing property determines how an element's dimensions are calculated. Eg, with or without padding/borders. This property was introduced in CSS level 3."> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.quackit.com/css/css3/properties/css_box-sizing.cfm"> <title>CSS box-sizing</title> <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/pix/favicon96.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/pix/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Lato:ital,wght@0,400;0,700;1,400&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/common/css/master.45.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script async src="https://cdn.fuseplatform.net/publift/tags/2/3499/fuse.js"></script> <!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics --> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-Q3H025ZKLN"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-Q3H025ZKLN'); </script> </head> <body> <header class="site-header"> <div class="site-header-base"> <div class="site-logo"> <a title="Quackit Homepage" target="_top" href="/"><img src="/pix/quackit_logo_watermark.png" width="87" height="33" alt="Quackit Logo"></a> </div> <button id="site-nav-toggler" class="site-nav-toggler" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="site-nav"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> ☰ </button> </div> <nav id="site-nav" class="site-nav"> <div class="site-links"> <ul> <li><a href="/"><i class="fa fa-home"></i> <span class="sr-only">Home</span></a></li> <li><a href="/html/">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/css/">CSS</a></li> <li><a href="/scripting/">Scripting</a></li> <li><a href="/database/">Database</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="site-search-top"> <form action="/search/" id="cse-search-box-bottom" class="site-search"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="partner-pub-6331358926293806:98x0fk-bbgi"> <input type="hidden" name="cof" value="FORID:10"> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="ISO-8859-1"> <input type="text" name="q" size="20" class="site-search-input"> <button type="submit" name="sa" class="site-search-button"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></button> </div> </form> </div> </nav> </header> <div class="main"> <article class="content"> <h1 class="page-title">CSS box-sizing</h1> <div class="ad ad-top"> <!-- GAM 71161633/QCKIT_quackit/article_header --> <div data-fuse="23059883623"></div> </div> <script src="/common/js/codemirror/lib/codemirror.js"></script> <script src="/common/js/codemirror/mode/css/css.js"></script> <div class="code-only"> <textarea id="example1" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false"><!DOCTYPE html>
<title>Example</title>
<style>
div {
 background: gold; 
 width: 150px; 
 height: 150px; 
 padding: 10px;
 border: 20px solid black;
 margin: 10px;
 float: left;
}
.content-box {
 box-sizing: content-box;
}
.border-box {
 box-sizing: border-box;
}
</style>
<div class="content-box">
 content-box
</div>
<div class="border-box">
 border-box
</div></textarea> <p> <a class="btn btn-default" href="/html/html_editors/scratchpad/?example=/css/css3/properties/css_box-sizing" target="_blank" title="Full-page editor. Opens this example in the full-page editor."><i class="fa fa-pencil-square-o"></i> View Output</i></a> </p> </div> <script> var exampleCode1 = CodeMirror.fromTextArea(document.getElementById("example1"), { mode: "text/css", tabMode: "indent", styleActiveLine: false, lineNumbers: false, lineWrapping: true, theme: "q-dark" }); </script> <p class="lead">The <code>box-sizing</code> property specifies how an element's dimensions are calculated. It changes the CSS box model used to calculate heights and widths of elements.</p> <p>The default CSS box model uses <code>content-box</code>, which means that any dimensions that you provide are used to specify the size of the content box only — any padding and borders are drawn outside of the content box. Therefore applying a <a href="/css/properties/css_width.cfm"><code>width</code></a> of <code>200px</code> and <a href="/css/properties/css_padding.cfm"><code>padding</code></a> of <code>10px</code> to an element would result in the element occupying a total width of 220 pixels (assuming padding is added to all four sides, or at least, both left and right sides). This is because the padding is <em>added</em> to the box width.</p> <p>You can use a value of <code>border-box</code> to change this, so that any padding and borders are <em>included</em> in any height and width dimensions. In this case, the element will take up only 200 pixels, because the padding is added to the <em>inside</em> of the element.</p> <div class="ad"> <!-- GAM 71161633/QCKIT_quackit/article_incontent_1 --> <div data-fuse="23059883629"></div> </div> <h2>Syntax</h2> <script src="/common/js/codemirror/mode/text/css/text/css.js"></script> <div class="code-only"> <textarea id="example2" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false">box-sizing: content-box | border-box</textarea> </div> <script> var exampleCode2 = CodeMirror.fromTextArea(document.getElementById("example2"), { mode: "text/css", tabMode: "indent", styleActiveLine: false, lineNumbers: false, lineWrapping: true, theme: "q-dark" }); </script> <h2>Possible Values</h2> <dl> <dt><code>content-box</code></dt> <dd> <p>This value results in the element's height and width dimensions (i.e. <a href="/css/properties/css_width.cfm"><code>width</code></a>, <a href="/css/properties/css_height.cfm"><code>height</code></a>, <a href="/css/properties/css_min-width.cfm"><code>min-width</code></a>, <a href="/css/properties/css_min-height.cfm"><code>min-height</code></a>, <a href="/css/properties/css_max-width.cfm"><code>max-width</code></a>, and <a href="/css/properties/css_max-height.cfm"><code>max-height</code></a>) being applied to the element's <em>content</em> box. Any <a href="/css/properties/css_padding.cfm"><code>padding</code></a> and <a href="/css/properties/css_border.cfm"><code>border</code></a> is drawn outside of the content area.</p> <p>This results in a box that is larger than what is specified in the height and width dimensions (assuming padding and/or border values are greater than <code>0</code>).</p> </dd> <dt><code>border-box</code></dt> <dd> <p>This value results in the element's height and width dimensions being applied to the element's <em>border</em> box. Any <a href="/css/properties/css_padding.cfm"><code>padding</code></a> and <a href="/css/properties/css_border.cfm"><code>border</code></a> is drawn <em>inside</em> the content area. The padding and border values are subtracted from the height and width dimensions. </p> <p>This results in a box that is exactly the size that is specified in the height and width dimensions (regardless of any padding and border values).</p> </dd> </dl> <p>In addition, all CSS properties also accept the following CSS-wide keyword values as the sole component of their property value: </p> <dl> <dt><code>initial</code></dt> <dd>Represents the value specified as the property's initial value.</dd> <dt><code>inherit</code></dt> <dd>Represents the computed value of the property on the element's parent.</dd> <dt><code>unset</code></dt> <dd>This value acts as either <code>inherit</code> or <code>initial</code>, depending on whether the property is inherited or not. In other words, it sets all properties to their parent value if they are inheritable or to their initial value if not inheritable.</dd> </dl> <h2>Basic Property Information</h2> <div class="specifications"> <dl> <dt>Initial Value</dt> <dd><code>content-box</code></dd> <dt>Applies To</dt> <dd>All elements that accept height or width</dd> <dt>Inherited?</dt> <dd>No</dd> <dt>Media</dt> <dd>Visual</dd> <dt>Animatable</dt> <dd>No</dd> </dl> </div> <h2>Example Code</h2> <h3>Basic CSS</h3> <div class="code-only"> <textarea id="example3" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false">/* Specify box-sizing on all elements */
* {
	box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* Specify box-sizing on an element */
div {
	box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* Specify box-sizing on a class */
.myClass {
	box-sizing: border-box;
}</textarea> </div> <script> var exampleCode3 = CodeMirror.fromTextArea(document.getElementById("example3"), { mode: "text/css", tabMode: "indent", styleActiveLine: false, lineNumbers: false, lineWrapping: true, theme: "q-dark" }); </script> <h3>Working Example within an HTML Document</h3> <script src="/common/js/codemirror/mode/htmlmixed/htmlmixed.js"></script> <script src="/common/js/codemirror/mode/javascript/javascript.js"></script> <script src="/common/js/codemirror/mode/xml/xml.js"></script> <div class="code-only"> <textarea id="example4" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false"><!DOCTYPE html>
<title>Example</title>
<style>
div {
 background: gold; 
 width: 150px; 
 height: 150px; 
 padding: 10px;
 border: 20px solid black;
 margin: 10px;
 float: left;
}
.content-box {
 box-sizing: content-box;
}
.border-box {
 box-sizing: border-box;
}
</style>
<div class="content-box">
 content-box
</div>
<div class="border-box">
 border-box
</div></textarea> <p> <a class="btn btn-default" href="/html/html_editors/scratchpad/?example=/css/css3/properties/css_box-sizing" target="_blank" title="Full-page editor. Opens this example in the full-page editor."><i class="fa fa-pencil-square-o"></i> View Output</i></a> </p> </div> <script> var exampleCode4 = CodeMirror.fromTextArea(document.getElementById("example4"), { mode: "htmlmixed", tabMode: "indent", styleActiveLine: false, lineNumbers: false, lineWrapping: true, theme: "q-dark" }); </script> <h2>CSS Specifications</h2> <ul> <li>The <code>box-sizing</code> property is <a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-ui-3/#box-sizing">defined</a> in <a target="_blank" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-ui-3/">CSS Basic User Interface Module Level 3 (CSS3 UI)</a> (W3C Candidate Recommendation, 7 July 2015)</li> </ul> <h2>Browser Support</h2> <p>The following table provided by <a target="_blank" href="http://caniuse.com/">Caniuse.com</a> shows the level of browser support for this feature.</p> <iframe sandbox style="width: 100%;height: 350px;" src="//caniuse.com/css3-boxsizing/embed/"></iframe> <h2>Vendor Prefixes</h2> <p>For maximum browser compatibility many web developers add browser-specific properties by using extensions such as <code>-webkit-</code> for Safari, Google Chrome, and Opera (newer versions), <code>-ms-</code> for Internet Explorer, <code>-moz-</code> for Firefox, <code>-o-</code> for older versions of Opera etc. As with any CSS property, if a browser doesn't support a proprietary extension, it will simply ignore it.</p> <p>This practice is not recommended by the W3C, however in many cases, the only way you can test a property is to include the CSS extension that is compatible with your browser.</p> <p>The major browser manufacturers generally strive to adhere to the W3C specifications, and when they support a non-prefixed property, they typically remove the prefixed version. Also, W3C advises vendors to remove their prefixes for properties that reach Candidate Recommendation status.</p> <p>Many developers use <a href="https://github.com/postcss/autoprefixer">Autoprefixer</a>, which is a postprocessor for CSS. Autoprefixer automatically adds vendor prefixes to your CSS so that you don't need to. It also removes old, unnecessary prefixes from your CSS.</p> <p>You can also use Autoprefixer with preprocessors such as Less and <a href="/sass/tutorial/">Sass</a>.</p> </article> <div class="sidebar"> <div class="relatedLinks"> <h4>Related</h4> <ul> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_box-shadow.cfm" title="Applies a shadow to the box"><code>box-shadow</code></a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_box-decoration-break.cfm" title="Determines how an element is treated when it is broken due to a page break or column break, or for inline elements, a line break."><code>box-decoration-break</code></a></li> </ul> </div> <nav> <ul> <li> <h3><a href="/css/css3/properties/">CSS3 Properties</a></h3> <ul> <li><h4 title="Grid Layout">Grid</h4> <ul> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_grid-area.cfm">grid-area</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_grid-auto-columns.cfm">grid-auto-columns</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_grid-auto-flow.cfm">grid-auto-flow</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_grid-auto-rows.cfm">grid-auto-rows</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_grid-column-end.cfm">grid-column-end</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_grid-column-gap.cfm">grid-column-gap</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_grid-column-start.cfm">grid-column-start</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_grid-column.cfm">grid-column</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_grid-gap.cfm">grid-gap</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_grid-row-end.cfm">grid-row-end</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_grid-row-gap.cfm">grid-row-gap</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_grid-row-start.cfm">grid-row-start</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_grid-row.cfm">grid-row</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_grid-template-areas.cfm">grid-template-areas</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_grid-template-columns.cfm">grid-template-columns</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_grid-template-rows.cfm">grid-template-rows</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_grid-template.cfm">grid-template</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_grid.cfm">grid</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><h4>Animation</h4> <ul> <li><a href="/css/at-rules/css_keyframes_at-rule.cfm">@keframes</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_animation.cfm">animation</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_animation-delay.cfm">animation-delay</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_animation-direction.cfm">animation-direction</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_animation-duration.cfm">animation-duration</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_animation-fill-mode.cfm">animation-fill-mode</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_animation-iteration-count.cfm">animation-iteration-count</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_animation-name.cfm">animation-name</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_animation-play-state.cfm">animation-play-state</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_animation-timing-function.cfm">animation-timing-function</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><h4 title="Flexible Box Layout">Flexbox</h4> <ul> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_flex.cfm">flex</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_flex-basis.cfm">flex-basis</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_flex-direction.cfm">flex-direction</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_flex-flow.cfm">flex-flow</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_flex-grow.cfm">flex-grow</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_flex-shrink.cfm">flex-shrink</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_flex-wrap.cfm">flex-wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_order.cfm">order</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><h4>Transition</h4> <ul> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_transition.cfm">transition</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_transition-delay.cfm">transition-delay</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_transition-duration.cfm">transition-duration</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_transition-property.cfm">transition-property</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_transition-timing-function.cfm">transition-timing-function</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><h4>Transform</h4> <ul> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_backface-visibility.cfm">backface-visibility</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_perspective.cfm">perspective</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_perspective-origin.cfm">perspective-origin</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_transform.cfm">transform</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_transform-box.cfm">transform-box</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_transform-origin.cfm">transform-origin</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_transform-style.cfm">transform-style</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><h4>Multi-Column</h4> <ul> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_break-after.cfm">break-after</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_break-before.cfm">break-before</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_break-inside.cfm">break-inside</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_columns.cfm">columns</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_column-count.cfm">column-count</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_column-fill.cfm">column-fill</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_column-rule.cfm">column-rule</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_column-rule-color.cfm">column-rule-color</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_column-rule-style.cfm">column-rule-style</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_column-rule-width.cfm">column-rule-width</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_column-span.cfm">column-span</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_column-width.cfm">column-width</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><h4>Borders</h4> <ul> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_border-radius.cfm">border-radius</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_border-top-left-radius.cfm">border-top-left-radius</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_border-top-right-radius.cfm">border-top-right-radius</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_border-bottom-left-radius.cfm">border-bottom-left-radius</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_border-bottom-right-radius.cfm">border-bottom-right-radius</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_border-image.cfm">border-image</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_border-image-outset.cfm">border-image-outset</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_border-image-repeat.cfm">border-image-repeat</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_border-image-source.cfm">border-image-source</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_border-image-slice.cfm">border-image-slice</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_border-image-width.cfm">border-image-width</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><h4>Color/Image Effects</h4> <ul> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_caret-color.cfm">caret-color</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_box-shadow.cfm">box-shadow</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_filter.cfm">filter</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_image-rendering.cfm">image-rendering</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_isolation.cfm">isolation</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_mix-blend-mode.cfm">mix-blend-mode</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_object-fit.cfm">object-fit</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_object-position.cfm">object-position</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_opacity.cfm">opacity</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/gradients/linear_gradients.cfm">Linear Gradients</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/gradients/radial_gradients.cfm">Radial Gradients</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/gradients/">CSS Gradients</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><h4>Text Decoration</h4> <ul> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_text-decoration.cfm">text-decoration</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_text-decoration-line.cfm">text-decoration-line</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_text-decoration-style.cfm">text-decoration-style</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_text-decoration-color.cfm">text-decoration-color</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_text-decoration-skip.cfm">text-decoration-skip</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_text-underline-position.cfm">text-underline-position</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><h4>New Background Properties</h4> <ul> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_background-blend-mode.cfm">background-blend-mode</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_background-clip.cfm">background-clip</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_background-origin.cfm">background-origin</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_background-size.cfm">background-size</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><h4>Overflow/Resize</h4> <ul> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_overflow.cfm">overflow</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_overflow-wrap.cfm">overflow-wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_overflow-x.cfm">overflow-x</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_overflow-y.cfm">overflow-y</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_resize.cfm">resize</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_text-overflow.cfm">text-overflow</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><h4>Text Wrapping</h4> <ul> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_hyphens.cfm">hyphens</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_line-break.cfm">line-break</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_word-break.cfm">word-break</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_word-wrap.cfm">word-wrap</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><h4>New Font Properties</h4> <ul> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_font-feature-settings.cfm">font-feature-settings</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_font-kerning.cfm">font-kerning</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_font-language-override.cfm">font-language-override</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_font-synthesis.cfm">font-synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_font-variant-alternates.cfm">font-variant-alternates</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_font-variant-caps.cfm">font-variant-caps</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_font-variant-east-asian.cfm">font-variant-east-asian</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_font-variant-ligatures.cfm">font-variant-ligatures</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_font-variant-numeric.cfm">font-variant-numeric</a></li> <li><a href="/css/css3/properties/css_font-variant-position.cfm">font-variant-position</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><h4>New Alignment Properties</h4> <ul> <li><a 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