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mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Am%C3%A9lineau" title="Émile Amélineau – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Émile Amélineau" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Am%C3%A9lineau" title="Émile Amélineau – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Émile Amélineau" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Am%C3%A9lineau" title="Émile Amélineau – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Émile Amélineau" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">Émile Amélineau</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Emile_Amelineau.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Emile_Amelineau.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="160" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Photograph of Émile Amélineau</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="nativename" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%; font-weight:bold"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">28 August 1850 <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274885?uselang=en#P569" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span><br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/La_Chaize-Giraud" title="La Chaize-Giraud">La Chaize-Giraud</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274885?uselang=en#P19" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">12 January 1915 <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274885?uselang=en#P570" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> (aged 64)<br /><span class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teaudun" title="Châteaudun">Châteaudun</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274885?uselang=en#P20" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Translator" class="mw-redirect" title="Translator">Translator</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274885?uselang=en#P106" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Émile Amélineau</b> (1850 – 12 January 1915 at <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teaudun" title="Châteaudun">Châteaudun</a>) was a French <a href="/wiki/Coptologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptologist">Coptologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeologist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egyptology" title="Egyptology">Egyptologist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His scholarly reputation was established as an editor of previously unpublished <a href="/wiki/Coptic_language" title="Coptic language">Coptic</a> texts. His reputation was destroyed by his work as a digger at Abydos, after <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Petrie" title="Flinders Petrie">Flinders Petrie</a> re-excavated the site and showed how much destruction Amélineau had wrought. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Am%C3%A9lineau&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amélineau began his career by studying <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a> and was ordained as a priest prior to 1878. Between 1878 and 1883 he studied Egyptology and Coptic at Paris under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Maspero" title="Gaston Maspero">Gaston Maspero</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Gr%C3%A9baut" title="Eugène Grébaut">Eugène Grébaut</a>. In 1883 he was a member of the French archaeological mission at Cairo, and renounced his orders. In 1887 he submitted his thesis, on Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">gnosticism</a>. Thereafter he held a number of academic posts in France.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egypte_louvre_290.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Egypte_louvre_290.jpg/220px-Egypte_louvre_290.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="363" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Egypte_louvre_290.jpg/330px-Egypte_louvre_290.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Egypte_louvre_290.jpg/440px-Egypte_louvre_290.jpg 2x" data-file-width="477" data-file-height="788" /></a><figcaption>Tomb stele of the <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaoh</a> <a href="/wiki/Djet" title="Djet">Djet</a> discovered by Émile Amélineau, now on display at the <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Amélineau published great quantities of Coptic literature. He was perhaps the greatest Coptic scholar of his generation.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He undertook an ambitious project to edit the literary remains of <a href="/wiki/Shenoute" title="Shenoute">Shenoute</a>, the founder of Coptic monasticism. He first published a collection of Coptic and Arabic texts, all more or less related to this subject (1888–95), and then a corpus of Shenoute's own works (1907–14). Work on the latter was interrupted by his death. Stephen Emmel has said that his publication of these texts was "too full of errors to be relied on for serious purposes", but that no one else has undertaken the task.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amélineau also excavated in Egypt, at a period when archaeology had yet to become a scientific subject distinguishable from tomb raiding or treasure hunting. Much of his work was on the <a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Dynastic Period of Egypt">Early Dynastic period</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a>. In 1895 he discovered a <a href="/wiki/Stele" title="Stele">stele</a> inscribed with the name of <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaoh</a> <a href="/wiki/Djet" title="Djet">Djet</a>. This object is now on display at the <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>. He was the first archaeologist to excavate the tombs of the <a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First Dynasty of Egypt">First Dynasty</a> pharaohs of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Umm_el-Qa%27ab" class="mw-redirect" title="Umm el-Qa'ab">Umm el-Qa'ab</a> section of <a href="/wiki/Abydos,_Egypt" title="Abydos, Egypt">Abydos</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his findings outlined in several volumes of material published in the early years of the 20th century. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Osiris-couche-fun%C3%A9raire-Abydos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Osiris-couche-fun%C3%A9raire-Abydos.jpg/220px-Osiris-couche-fun%C3%A9raire-Abydos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Osiris-couche-fun%C3%A9raire-Abydos.jpg/330px-Osiris-couche-fun%C3%A9raire-Abydos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Osiris-couche-fun%C3%A9raire-Abydos.jpg/440px-Osiris-couche-fun%C3%A9raire-Abydos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="406" /></a><figcaption>Osiris basalt statue found in Djer's tomb. Dedicated by king Khendjer of the 13th Dynasty and discovered by E. Amelineau.</figcaption></figure> <p>But his work as an excavator has attracted strong criticism, not least from <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Petrie" title="Flinders Petrie">Flinders Petrie</a>, the founder of modern scientific Egyptology.Émile Amélineau dug at Abydos, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> from 1894 to 1898. Petrie was awarded the concession to dig there by <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Maspero" title="Gaston Maspero">Gaston Maspero</a>, head of the Antiquities Service, after Amélineau had declared that there was nothing more to be found there. Petrie was appalled at what had been done, and did not mince his words. He wrote: </p> <dl><dd>"During four years there had been the scandal of Amelineau's work at the Royal Tombs of Abydos. He had been given a concession to work there for five years; no plans were kept (a few incorrect ones were made later), there was no record of where things were found, no useful publication. He boasted that he had reduced to chips the pieces of <a href="/wiki/Stone_vessels_in_Ancient_Egypt" title="Stone vessels in Ancient Egypt">stone vases</a> which he did not care to remove, and burnt up the remains of the woodwork of the 1st dynasty in his kitchen."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Amélineau was so well connected that it was felt to be unsafe to tell him that the concession had been reassigned in case he came back, and he did not discover what had happened until some years later.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amelineau responded to the criticism in his tardy publication of his finds. But the fact was that his work merely produced a series of finds of tombs and artefacts, while Petrie, by sifting the rubble that Amélineau left behind, was able to establish the whole chronology of the First dynasty. Petrie's work using scientific methods established Petrie's reputation, and conversely severely damaged that of Amélineau. Jane A. Hill has said that "Amelineau was not an archaeologist and basically plundered the cemetery in search of goods he could sell to antiquities collectors."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One example of the limitations of Amélineau's work is that 18 of the 20 ivory and ebony labels describing key events in the reign of the pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Den_(Pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Den (Pharaoh)">Den</a> known to come from that king's tomb were found by <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Petrie" title="Flinders Petrie">Flinders Petrie</a> in the spoil heaps left by Amélineau's earlier excavation of that tomb.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1905 Amélineau donated a portion of his collection to the Society of Archaeology of Châteaudun, which is now on display at its Museum of Fine Arts and Natural History. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Am%C3%A9lineau&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/recueildetravaux05masp#page/n117/mode/2up"><i>Fragments coptes du Nouveau Testament dans le dialecte thébain</i></a>, Recueil de travaux relatifs à la philologie, V (1884), pp. 105–139.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/recueildetravau03unkngoog#page/n26/mode/2up"><i>Fragments de la version thebaine de l'ecriture (Ancien Testament)</i></a>, Recueil de travaux relatifs à la philologie, V (1886), pp. 10 ff.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/essaisurlegnost00amgoog"><i>Essai sur le gnosticisme égyptien, ses développements et son origine égyptienne</i></a>, E. Leroux, Paris, 1887.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/contesetromansd01amgoog"><i>Contes et romans de l'Égypte chrétienne</i></a> (Paris, 1888)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lagographiedele00amgoog"><i>La géographie de l'Egypte à l'époque copte</i></a> (Paris, 1893)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/essaisurlvoluti00amgoog"><i>Essai sur l'évolution historique et philosophique des idées morales dans l'ancienne Égypte</i></a>, E. Leroux, Paris, 1895.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57239787.r=amelineau.langEN"><i>Les nouvelles fouilles d'Abydos, 1896-1897</i></a>, compte-rendu in extenso des fouilles..., E. Leroux, Paris, 1902.</li> <li><i>Notice des manuscrits coptes de la Bibliothèque Nationale</i> (Paris: 1895)</li> <li>Avec A. Lemoine, <i>Les nouvelles fouilles d'Abydos, 1897-1898</i>, compte-rendu in extenso des fouilles..., E. Leroux, Paris, 1904–1905.</li> <li><i>Prolégomènes à l'étude de la religion égyptienne, essai sur la mythologie de l'Égypte</i>, n°21, Bibliothèque de l'école des hautes études, E. Leroux, Paris, 1908.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Am%C3%A9lineau&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRomer2012" class="citation book cs1">Romer, John (3 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gekdRf5lcxAC&pg=PT277"><i>A History of Ancient Egypt: From the First Farmers to the Great Pyramid</i></a>. Penguin Books Limited. p. 277. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84614-378-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84614-378-6"><bdi>978-1-84614-378-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+Egypt%3A+From+the+First+Farmers+to+the+Great+Pyramid&rft.pages=277&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Limited&rft.date=2012-05-03&rft.isbn=978-1-84614-378-6&rft.aulast=Romer&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgekdRf5lcxAC%26pg%3DPT277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89mile+Am%C3%A9lineau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pascale Ballet, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inha.fr/spip.php?article2170">INHA article</a>, accessed 23 December 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1935, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3MIsAAAAIAAJ&dq=amelineau%20obituary&pg=PA401">p.401</a>: <i>... Amelineau published a volume on the Bruce papyrus in 'Notices et Extraits', Paris, 1891. Amelineau was a sick man writing in a hurry against death, but he was a great Coptic scholar, probably the greatest of his day; his quarrel with his Church destroyed him.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Emmel, <i>Shenoute's literary corpus</i>, 2004, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UQzS2Md-XCMC&dq=amelineau%20obituary&pg=PA25">p.25</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shaw, Ian. <cite>The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt.</cite> p. 67. Oxford University Press. 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-280458-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-280458-8">0-19-280458-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Julie Hankey, <i>A Passion for Egypt: Arthur Weigall, Tutankhamun and the "Curse of the Pharaohs"</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s7MMwkWpKlMC&dq=amelineau%20flinders%20petrie&pg=PA28">pp.28-9</a>. Hankey adds that the majority of the finds were scattered as "pretty presents" to friends in Paris, and the majority of the finds sold at auction. The reference is given to Petrie, <i>Seventy Years in Archaeology</i>, pp.172-3. There are further very critical remarks in Petrie, <i>The royal tombs of the first dynasty</i>, 1901, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924020551267">part II, page 2</a>: "Again a rich harvest of history has come from the site which was said to be exhausted; and in place of the disordered confusion of names without any historical connection, which was all that was known from the Mission Amelineau, we now have the complete sequence of kings from the middle of the dynasty before Mena to probably the close of the IInd Dynasty, and we can trace in detail the fluctuations of art throughout these reigns. The 166 plates of results from our work will need some twenty or thirty to be yet added to record the whole of the information, which no one could hope to have recovered two years ago. And this recovery is not only after the removal of everything that was thought of value, both by the Mission, and also by the thieves of Abydos who did the work, but it is in spite of the determined destruction of the remains on the spot. The pottery jars were smashed, avowedly to prevent any one else obtaining them. The stone vases, broken anciently by fanatics, are referred to thus, "ceux qui etaient brises et que j'ai reduits en miettes" (Amelineau, Fouilles, 1897, p. 33), and we indeed found them stamped to chips; the stacks of great jars which are recorded as having been found in the tomb of Zer (Fouilles, 1898, p. 42) were entirely destroyed; the jars of ointment were burnt, as we read, "les matieres grasses brulent pendant des journeys entieres, comme j'en ai fait l'experience " (Fouilles, 1896, p. 18); the most interesting remains of the wooden tomb chamber of Zer, a carbonized mass 28 feet by 3 feet, studded with copper fastenings, have entirely disappeared, and of another tomb we read "j'y rencontrai environ deux cents kilos de charbon de bois" (Fouilles, 1896, p. 15), which has been all removed. The ebony tablets of Narmer and Mena — the most priceless historical monuments — were all broken up in 1896 and tossed aside in the rubbish, whence we have rescued them and rejoined them so far as we can. In every direction we can but apply to the destroyer his own words concerning the Copts who left the remains, "tous brises de la maniere la plus sauvage" (Fouilles, 1896, p. 33).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Margaret S. Drower, <i>Flinders Petrie: a life in archaeology</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bY2XZ8GyzBAC&dq=amelineau+flinders+petrie&pg=PA257">p.255-7</a>. Amelineau's own description of events may be found in the preface to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57239787.r=amelineau.langEN"><i>Les nouvelles fouilles d'Abydos, 1896-1897</i></a>, compte-rendu in extenso des fouilles..., E. Leroux, Paris, 1902, in which he replies to Petrie's remarks in <i>The royal tombs of the first dynasty</i>, without denying the basic facts alleged.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Cylinder seal glyptic in predynastic Egypt and neighboring regions</i>, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shaw, Ian and Nicholson, Paul. <cite>The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt.</cite> p. 84. Harry N. Abrams, Inc. 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8109-9096-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8109-9096-2">0-8109-9096-2</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Am%C3%A9lineau&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pascale Ballet, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inha.fr/spip.php?article2170">AMÉLINEAU, Émile</a>, <i>Institut National d'histoire de l'art</i> article in French with detailed bibliography and a different view from that of Petrie.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Am%C3%A9lineau&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/5336">Works by Emile Amélineau</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11566422X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84098950">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11888645w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11888645w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an53004656">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Amélineau, Émile"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=zmp20241223934&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a 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