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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemahkotaan_firaun" title="Pemahkotaan firaun – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemahkotaan firaun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incoronazione_dei_faraoni" title="Incoronazione dei faraoni – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Incoronazione dei faraoni" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coroa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_fara%C3%B3" title="Coroação do faraó – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ritual in Ancient Egypt</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="font-size:100%; width:300px; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #993300 [[Category:Egypt portal]]; background: #FFFFDE [[Category:Egypt portal]]; color: #993300 [[Category:Egypt portal]]; line-height:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #FFE39B [[Category:Egypt portal]]"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" />Coronation in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">hieroglyphs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="vertical-align:middle; background-color: #FFFFDE [[Category:Egypt portal]]; color: #993300 [[Category:Egypt portal]]; border: #993300 [[Category:Egypt portal]] 1px solid; padding: 0.4em;"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M23.png?e2674" height="38" title="M23" alt="M23" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X1.png?f2a8c" height="11" title="X1" alt="X1" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N35.png?fcc27" height="5" title="N35" alt="N35" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N28.png?3f65d" height="15" title="N28" alt="N28" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><br />khaj-nisut<br /><i>ḫˁj-nsw.t</i><br /> <i>Appearance of the king</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>coronation</b> was an extremely important ritual in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">early and ancient Egyptian</a> history, concerning the change of power and rulership between two succeeding <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaohs</a>. The accession to the throne was celebrated in several <a href="/wiki/Ceremony" title="Ceremony">ceremonies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">rites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">feasts</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronation_of_the_pharaoh&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo_Ston_fragment-Akademie_der_Wissenschaften_Berlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Palermo_Ston_fragment-Akademie_der_Wissenschaften_Berlin.jpg/250px-Palermo_Ston_fragment-Akademie_der_Wissenschaften_Berlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Palermo_Ston_fragment-Akademie_der_Wissenschaften_Berlin.jpg/330px-Palermo_Ston_fragment-Akademie_der_Wissenschaften_Berlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Palermo_Ston_fragment-Akademie_der_Wissenschaften_Berlin.jpg/500px-Palermo_Ston_fragment-Akademie_der_Wissenschaften_Berlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="873" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Palermo_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo stone">Palermo stone</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The coronation feast was not one event but rather a long lasting process including several festivals, rites and ceremonies lasting up to a full year. For this reason, <a href="/wiki/Egyptologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptologist">Egyptologists</a> today describe the year that a new pharaoh accessed to power as the "year of the coronation".<sup id="cite_ref-THW_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THW-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SIS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MBE_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest depictions of rites and ceremonies concerning an accession to the throne may be found on objects from the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">predynastic</a> king <a href="/wiki/Scorpion_II" title="Scorpion II">Scorpion II</a>, circa 3100 BC. At this time, the change between rulers may have been marked by <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">wars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Invasion" title="Invasion">invasions</a> from neighboring Egyptian proto-kingdoms. This is similar to the military action taken by enemies of Egypt in <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">later history</a>: for example, upon hearing the news of <a href="/wiki/Hatshepsut" title="Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut</a>'s death, the king of <a href="/wiki/Kadesh_(Syria)" title="Kadesh (Syria)">Kadesh</a> <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_III#First_Campaign" title="Thutmose III">advanced his army</a> to Megiddo in the hope that <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_III" title="Thutmose III">Thutmose III</a> would not be in a position to respond. From king <a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> (founder of the <a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First Dynasty of Egypt">1st Dynasty</a>) onwards, wars between Egyptian proto-kingdoms may have been replaced by symbolic ceremonies and festivals.<sup id="cite_ref-THW_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THW-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WBT_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most important sources of information about accessions to the throne and coronation ceremonies are the <a href="/wiki/Inscription" class="mw-redirect" title="Inscription">inscriptions</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Palermo_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo stone">Palermo stone</a>, a black <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a> stone slab listing the kings from the 1st Dynasty down to king <a href="/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai" title="Neferirkare Kakai">Neferirkare Kakai</a>, third pharaoh of the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifth Dynasty of Egypt">5th Dynasty</a>. The stone also records various events during a king's reign, such as the creation of <a href="/wiki/Statue" title="Statue">statues</a>, city and domain foundations, <a href="/wiki/Cattle_count_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cattle count (Egypt)">cattle counts</a> and religious feasts such as the <a href="/wiki/Sed_festival" title="Sed festival">Sed festival</a>. The stone also gives the exact date of a ruler's accession to the throne. The first year of a ruler on the throne, the "year of coronation", was not counted in a king's regnal year count, and the stone mentions only the most important ceremonies that took place in this year.<sup id="cite_ref-THW_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THW-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SIS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MBE_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WBT_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ceremonies">Ceremonies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronation_of_the_pharaoh&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ceremonies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As already mentioned, the coronation included several, long lasting festivals, rites and ceremonies the king had to celebrate first, before they were allowed to wear the <a href="/wiki/Pschent" title="Pschent">crown(s)</a> of Egypt. The following describes the most important ceremonies: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NarmerPalette_ROM-gamma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/NarmerPalette_ROM-gamma.jpg/280px-NarmerPalette_ROM-gamma.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/NarmerPalette_ROM-gamma.jpg/420px-NarmerPalette_ROM-gamma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/NarmerPalette_ROM-gamma.jpg/560px-NarmerPalette_ROM-gamma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2761" data-file-height="1953" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Narmer_Palette" title="Narmer Palette">Narmer Palette</a>, showing Narmer smiting an enemy and, on the reverse, the two serpopards.</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt</dt></dl> <p>The <i>"unification of Upper and Lower Egypt"</i> may have been connected with the <a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">traditional</a> <i>"smiting of the enemy"</i> in predynastic times, a ritual in which the leader of the defeated realm was struck dead with a ceremonial mace by the victorious king. The most famous depiction of this ritual may be seen on the ceremonial palette of king Narmer. On the reverse of the palette, mythological and symbolic elements have been added to this picture: the two <a href="/wiki/Serpopard" title="Serpopard">serpopards</a> (leopards with unusually elongated necks) with entwined necks may symbolize a more peaceful unification of Upper and Lower Egypt. Another symbolic depiction of the unification feast appears on a throne relief dating to the reign of king <a href="/wiki/Senusret_I" title="Senusret I">Senusret I</a>, second pharaoh of the <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt">12th Dynasty</a>. It shows the deities <a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Set_(deity)" title="Set (deity)">Seth</a> wrapping a <a href="/wiki/Cyperus_papyrus" title="Cyperus papyrus">papyrus haulm</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Nymphaea_caerulea" class="mw-redirect" title="Nymphaea caerulea">lotus haulm</a> around a <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate_trachea" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrate trachea">trachea</a> ending in a <a href="/wiki/Djed" title="Djed">djed</a> pillar, an act representing the enduring unification of the two lands under Senusret I.<sup id="cite_ref-THW_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THW-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SIS_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MBE_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WBT_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Circumambulation of the White Walls</dt></dl> <p>The ceremony of the <i>"<a href="/wiki/Circumambulation" title="Circumambulation">circumambulation</a> of the White Walls"</i> is known from the inscriptions on the Palermo stone. According to legends, the "White Walls", in Egyptian <i>Inebu Hedj</i>, today's <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Egypt" title="Memphis, Egypt">Memphis</a>, were erected by the mythical king <a href="/wiki/Menes" title="Menes">Menes</a> as the central seat of government of Egypt. The circumambulation of the walls of Memphis, celebrated with a ritual procession around the city, was performed to strengthen the king's right to the throne and his claim to the city as his new seat of power.<sup id="cite_ref-THW_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THW-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SIS_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MBE_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WBT_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Appearance of the king</dt></dl> <p>The feast <i>"appearance of the king"</i> is likewise known from inscriptions on the Palermo stone. This feast was held immediately after the coronation, as a confirmation of the king's right to rule. After the end of the year of the coronation, the feast was celebrated every second year. Much later Egyptian sources reveal that this feast comprised three steps: first was the "appearance of the King of Upper Egypt", in Egyptian <i>khaj-nisut</i>, then came the "appearance of the king of Lower Egypt", in Egyptian <i>khaj-bitj</i>, and finally the "appearance of the king of Upper and Lower Egypt", <i>khaj-nisut-bitj</i>. The earliest known mention of this feast dates back to king <a href="/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser">Djoser</a>, first pharaoh of <a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Third Dynasty of Egypt">3rd Dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-THW_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THW-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SIS_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MBE_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WBT_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Sed feast</dt></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EbonyLabelOfDen-BritishMuseum-August19-08_CloseupOfSedFestivalPortion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/EbonyLabelOfDen-BritishMuseum-August19-08_CloseupOfSedFestivalPortion.jpg/330px-EbonyLabelOfDen-BritishMuseum-August19-08_CloseupOfSedFestivalPortion.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/EbonyLabelOfDen-BritishMuseum-August19-08_CloseupOfSedFestivalPortion.jpg/500px-EbonyLabelOfDen-BritishMuseum-August19-08_CloseupOfSedFestivalPortion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/EbonyLabelOfDen-BritishMuseum-August19-08_CloseupOfSedFestivalPortion.jpg/560px-EbonyLabelOfDen-BritishMuseum-August19-08_CloseupOfSedFestivalPortion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption>Ebony year label of Den performing a ritual race part of his Sed festival.</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the most important feasts of Ancient Egypt linked with a king's time on the throne was the <a href="/wiki/Sed_festival" title="Sed festival">Sed festival</a>, the <i>heb-sed</i>. It included many complex rituals, which are not fully understood up to this day and which are seldom depicted. The first celebration of the feast was held during the year of the coronation. After that, the next celebration was held in the 30th year of the pharaoh on the throne, and the Sed festival was thus named by the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greeks</a> as the <i>Triakontaeteris</i>, meaning "30-year-jubilee". After this jubilee, the Sed feast was normally celebrated every third year, although this rule was broken by various pharaohs, in particular <a href="/wiki/Ramses_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramses II">Ramses II</a> who celebrated a total of 14 Sed festivals in 64 years on the throne. Early dynastic rulers, for which at least one Sed feast is archaeologically attested, include Narmer, <a href="/wiki/Den_(pharaoh)" title="Den (pharaoh)">Den</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qa%27a" title="Qa'a">Qa'a</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nynetjer" title="Nynetjer">Nynetjer</a> and possibly <a href="/wiki/Wadjenes" title="Wadjenes">Wadjenes</a>. Rare depictions of rites associated to the Sed festival come from <a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a> reliefs found in galleries beneath Djoser's <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Djoser" title="Pyramid of Djoser">step pyramid</a> at <a href="/wiki/Saqqara" title="Saqqara">Saqqara</a>, as well as from <a href="/wiki/Dashur" class="mw-redirect" title="Dashur">Dashur</a>, dating to the reign of <a href="/wiki/Sneferu" title="Sneferu">Sneferu</a> (the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt">4th Dynasty</a>). </p><p>Some kings simply claimed to have celebrated a Sed festival, despite archaeological evidences proof that they did not rule for 30 years. Such kings include <a href="/wiki/Anedjib" title="Anedjib">Anedjib</a> (in the 1st Dynasty) and <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">18th Dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-THW_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THW-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SIS_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MBE_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WBT_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Sokar feast</dt></dl> <p>The <i>"<a href="/wiki/Seker" title="Seker">Sokar</a> festival"</i> is – alongside the Sed festival – one of the oldest festivals. It is already mentioned on predynastic artefacts and often mentioned on <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a> labels belonging to the kings Scorpion II, Narmer, Aha and <a href="/wiki/Djer" title="Djer">Djer</a>. The early forms of this feast included the creation of a ceremonial <a href="/wiki/Rowing_boat" class="mw-redirect" title="Rowing boat">rowing boat</a> with a cult image of the god Sokar. The boat was then pulled by the king to a <a href="/wiki/Sacred_lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred lake">sacred lake</a> or to the <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a>. Another ritual was the erecting of a richly loaded djed-pillar. In early times, the feast was celebrated during the coronation in attempt to mark the (physical or symbolic) death of the predecessor, from 2nd dynasty onwards, the Sokar feast was repeated every sixth year, the fifth celebration coincided with the Sed festival. As far as is known, the ceremony of the Sokar feast was connected as well to the coronation of a new king as to the foundation of his future tomb. Sokar was the god of the underworld and one of the holy guardians of royal cemeteries.<sup id="cite_ref-THW_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THW-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SIS_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Suckling of the young king</dt></dl> <p>This ceremony was introduced during the 6th dynasty under king <a href="/wiki/Pepy_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Pepy II">Pepy II</a> who acceded to the throne aged 6. The <i>"suckling of the young king"</i> was never performed practically but rather represented through small figurines depicting the king as a naked toddler, sitting on the lap of the goddess <a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a>, being breastfed by her. This representation may have been created to ostentate the divine nature of the pharaoh. The king breastfed by Isis may have inspired later Christian artists to create the <a href="/wiki/Madonna_(art)" title="Madonna (art)">Madonna and child</a> portraits. Later pharaonic pictures show the king as a young man being breastfed by the holy <i>Imat</i>-tree.<sup id="cite_ref-SIS_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MBE_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WBT_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Throne_rights">Throne rights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronation_of_the_pharaoh&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Throne rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inheritance_rights">Inheritance rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronation_of_the_pharaoh&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Inheritance rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The right to the throne of Egypt was normally <a href="/wiki/Inheritance" title="Inheritance">inherited</a> by direct filiation, the eldest son being the heir of his father. Occasionally the throne was inherited between brothers, for example from <a href="/wiki/Djedefre" title="Djedefre">Djedefre</a> to <a href="/wiki/Khafre" title="Khafre">Khafre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SiRo_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SiRo-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is worth mentioning a possible case of peaceful throne succession via interfamiliar negotiation which may have happened at the end of Nynetjer's rule. Because he possibly decided to separate Upper and Lower Egypt, he may have chosen two of his sons at the same time to rule over the two lands.<sup id="cite_ref-SIS_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MBE_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SiRo_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SiRo-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A later example, namely that of <a href="/wiki/Sahure" title="Sahure">Sahure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai" title="Neferirkare Kakai">Neferirkare Kakai</a>, may provide a case of dynastic problems between two separate but related royal houses. It is possible that one of Sahure's son, <a href="/wiki/Shepseskare" title="Shepseskare">Shepseskare</a>, tried to succeed his nephew <a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Neferefre</a> on throne after the latter died unexpectedly. This is likely to have created a dynastic feud as <a href="/wiki/Nyuserre_Ini" title="Nyuserre Ini">Nyuserre Ini</a>, a son of Neferefre, finally assumed the throne only a few months later.<sup id="cite_ref-SIS_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MBE_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SiRo_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SiRo-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The throne could also be obtained by marriage in case the only living heir was a woman as may have been the case from <a href="/wiki/Sneferu" title="Sneferu">Sneferu</a> to <a href="/wiki/Khufu" title="Khufu">Khufu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SiRo_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SiRo-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Election">Election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronation_of_the_pharaoh&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In this context, Egyptologists such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sue_D%27Auria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sue D'Auria (page does not exist)">Sue D'Auria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Stadelmann" title="Rainer Stadelmann">Rainer Stadelmann</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silke_Roth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silke Roth (page does not exist)">Silke Roth</a> point to a problem mostly ignored by mainstream of scholars: There have demonstrably been crown princes, especially during the Old Kingdom period, who held the highest imaginable honorary and functionary titles at their lifetimes, but they never became kings, despite the fact, that they definitively survived their ruling fathers. Such known crown princes include: <a href="/wiki/Nefermaat" title="Nefermaat">Nefermaat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rahotep" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahotep">Rahotep</a> (both under the reign of <a href="/wiki/Snofru" class="mw-redirect" title="Snofru">Snofru</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kawab" title="Kawab">Kawab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khufukhaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Khufukhaf">Khufukhaf</a>(crown princes of <a href="/wiki/Khufu" title="Khufu">Khufu</a>), <a href="/wiki/Setka" class="mw-redirect" title="Setka">Setka</a> (crown prince of <a href="/wiki/Radjedef" class="mw-redirect" title="Radjedef">Radjedef</a>) and, possibly, <a href="/wiki/Kanefer" title="Kanefer">Kanefer</a>. The famous vizir <a href="/wiki/Imhotep" title="Imhotep">Imhotep</a>, who held office under king <a href="/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser">Djoser</a>, was even entitled as "twin of the king", but Djoser was followed by either <a href="/wiki/Sekhemkhet" title="Sekhemkhet">Sekhemkhet</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sanakht" title="Sanakht">Sanakht</a>, not by Imhotep. This leads to the question as what exactly happened during the election of the next throne successor and who of the royal family was allowed to raise any inheritance claims. It also remains unclear, who of the royal family was permitted to vote for the throne successor. The exact details of the election process are unknown, because they were never written down. Thus, no contemporary document explains as under which conditions a crown prince received inheritance rights and why so many crown princes were never crowned.<sup id="cite_ref-SiRo_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SiRo-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SDA_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rainer Stadelmann points to an ancient society within the Egyptian elite, which existed as early as the predynastic time: the "Great Ten of Upper Egypt/Lower Egypt". These two societies consisted of altogether twenty elite officials of unknown origin, who possibly were responsible for the solving of any political and dynastic problem. Stadelmann explains, that most of all known, traditional offices were described in their missions and functions, except for the office "One of the Great Ten of...". And yet, this very title seemed to have been one of the most regarded and wanted, as only officials with many honorary titles were bearing it (for example, <a href="/wiki/Hesy-Ra" title="Hesy-Ra">Hesyra</a>). For this reason, Stadelmann and D'Auria believe, that the "Great Ten" consisted of some kind of royal court of justice.<sup id="cite_ref-SDA_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronation_of_the_pharaoh&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-THW-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-THW_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-THW_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-THW_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-THW_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-THW_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-THW_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-THW_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-THW_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Toby A. H. Wilkinson: <i>Early Dynastic Egypt: Strategies, Society and Security</i>. Routledge, London 2001, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415260116" title="Special:BookSources/0415260116">0415260116</a>, p. 209 - 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SIS_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SIS_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SIS_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SIS_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SIS_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SIS_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SIS_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SIS_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SIS_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SIS_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Siegfried Schott: <i>Altägyptische Festdaten</i> (= <i>Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur. Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse.</i> Bd. 10, 1950, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0002-2977">0002-2977</a>). Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz u. a. 1950.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MBE-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MBE_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MBE_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MBE_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MBE_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MBE_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MBE_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MBE_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MBE_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MBE_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Margaret Bunson: <i>Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt</i>. Infobase Publishing, 2009, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1438109970" title="Special:BookSources/1438109970">1438109970</a>, p. 87 - 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WBT-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WBT_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WBT_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WBT_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WBT_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WBT_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WBT_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WBT_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Winfried Barta: <i>Thronbesteigung und Krönungsfeier als unterschiedliche Zeugnisse königlicher Herrschaftsübernahme.</i> In: <i>Studien zur altägyptischen Kultur (SAK).</i> 8, 1980, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0340-2215">0340-2215</a>, p. 33–53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SiRo-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SiRo_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SiRo_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SiRo_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SiRo_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SiRo_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Silke Roth: <i>Die Königsmütter des Alten Ägypten von der Frühzeit bis zum Ende der 12. Dynastie</i>. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2001, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3447043687" title="Special:BookSources/3447043687">3447043687</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SDA-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SDA_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SDA_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sue D'Auria: <i>Offerings to the Discerning Eye: An Egyptological Medley in Honor of Jack A. Josephson</i>. BRILL, Leiden 2010, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004178740" title="Special:BookSources/9004178740">9004178740</a>, p. 296-300.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronation_of_the_pharaoh&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Rolf Gundlach, Andrea Klug: <i>“Der” ägyptische Hof des Neuen Reiches: seine Gesellschaft und Kultur im Spannungsfeld zwischen Innen- und Außenpolitik</i> (= <i>Akten des internationalen Kolloquiums vom 27. - 29. Mai 2002 an der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz</i>; Vol. 2 of: <i>Königtum, Staat und Gesellschaft früher Hochkulturen</i>). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3447053240" title="Special:BookSources/3447053240">3447053240</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Anthony_Parker" title="Richard Anthony Parker">Richard A. Parker</a>: <i>The calendars of ancient Egypt</i> (= <i>Studies in ancient Oriental Civilization.</i> Vol. 26, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0081-7554">0081-7554</a>). University of Chicago Press, Chicago IL 1950.</li> <li>Michael Rice: <i>Egypt's Making: The Origins of Ancient Egypt, 5000–2000 BC</i>. Psychology Press, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415268753" title="Special:BookSources/0415268753">0415268753</a>, p. 97-102.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Coronation_and_enthronement188" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coronation" title="Template:Coronation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coronation" title="Template talk:Coronation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coronation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coronation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coronation_and_enthronement188" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">Coronation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enthronement" title="Enthronement">enthronement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regalia" title="Regalia">Regalia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown" title="Crown">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_crown" title="Coronation crown">Coronation crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_jewels" title="Crown jewels">Crown jewels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diadem" title="Diadem">Diadem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiara" title="Tiara">Tiara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armill" title="Armill">Armill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_(jewellery)" title="Ring (jewellery)">Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globus_cruciger" title="Globus cruciger"><i>Globus cruciger</i> (orb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceptre" title="Sceptre">Sceptre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword" title="Sword">Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(royal_garment)" title="Mantle (royal garment)">Mantle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Items</li><li>rituals</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Throne" title="Throne">Throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing" title="Anointing">Anointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enthronement" title="Enthronement">Enthronement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture" title="Investiture">Investiture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By continent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_Africa" title="Coronations in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_the_Americas" title="Coronations in the Americas">the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_Asia" title="Coronations in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_Europe" title="Coronations in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_Oceania" title="Coronations in Oceania">Oceania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific customs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_antiquity" title="Coronations in antiquity">Antiquity</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ancient Egyptian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Bohemian_monarch" title="Coronation of the Bohemian monarch">Bohemian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Emperor_of_Brazil" title="Coronation of the Emperor of Brazil">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_British_monarch" title="Coronation of the British monarch">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Bulgarian_monarch" title="Coronation of the Bulgarian monarch">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Burmese_monarch" title="Coronation of the Burmese monarch">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Byzantine_emperor" title="Coronation of the Byzantine emperor">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Bokassa_I_and_Catherine" title="Coronation of Bokassa I and Catherine">Central African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Danish_monarch" title="Coronation of the Danish monarch">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_the_Dutch_monarch" title="Inauguration of the Dutch monarch">Dutch</a></li> <li>French <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_French_monarch" title="Coronation of the French monarch">royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Napoleon_and_Jos%C3%A9phine" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronation of Napoleon and Joséphine">Napoleon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Hungarian_monarch" title="Coronation of the Hungarian monarch">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81jy%C4%81bhi%E1%B9%A3eka" title="Rājyābhiṣeka">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enthronement_of_the_Japanese_emperor" title="Enthronement of the Japanese emperor">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installation_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" title="Installation of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Nepalese_monarch" title="Coronation of the Nepalese monarch">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_Norway" title="Coronations in Norway">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_of_Osman" title="Sword of Osman">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_coronation" title="Papal coronation">Papal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_Poland" title="Coronations in Poland">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Russian_monarch" title="Coronation of the Russian monarch">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Serbian_monarch" title="Coronation of the Serbian monarch">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Swedish_monarch" title="Coronation of the Swedish monarch">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Thai_monarch" title="Coronation of the Thai monarch">Thai</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">others</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pretender" title="Pretender">Pretender</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_former_ruling_families" title="List of heads of former ruling families">List of current</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papabile" title="Papabile">Papabile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">Order of succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_anthem" title="Coronation anthem">Coronation anthem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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