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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Zainab S. Aliyu</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Zainab S. Aliyu"> <meta name="keywords" content="Zainab S. Aliyu"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Zainab S. 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Aliyu"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 144</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Zainab S. Aliyu</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">144</span> Repurposing of Crystalline Solar PV For Sodium Silicate Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lawal%20Alkasim">Lawal Alkasim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clement%20M.%20Gonah"> Clement M. Gonah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20S.%20Aliyu"> Zainab S. Aliyu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work is focus on recovering silicon form photovoltaic cells and repurposing it toward the use in glass, ceramics or glass ceramics as it is made up of silicon material. Silicon is the main back-bone and responsible for the thermodynamic properties of glass, ceramics and glass ceramics materials. Antireflection silicon is soluble in hot alkali. Successfully the recovered material composed of silicon and silicon nitride of the A.R, with a small amount of silver, Aluminuim, lead & copper in the sunshine of crystalline/non-crystalline silicon solar cell. Aquaregia is used to remove the silver, Aluminium, lead & copper. The recovered material treated with hot alkali highly concentrated to produce sodium silicate, which is an alkali silicate glass (water glass). This type of glass is produced through chemical process, unlike other glasses that are produced through physical process of melting and non-crystalline solidification. It has showed a property of being alkali silicate glass from its solubility in water and insoluble in alcohol. The XRF analysis shows the presence of sodium silicate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unrecyclable%20solar%20PV" title="unrecyclable solar PV">unrecyclable solar PV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystalline%20silicon" title=" crystalline silicon"> crystalline silicon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20conc.%20%20alkali" title=" hot conc. alkali"> hot conc. alkali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20silicate" title=" sodium silicate"> sodium silicate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168585/repurposing-of-crystalline-solar-pv-for-sodium-silicate-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168585.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">143</span> E-Service and the Nigerian Banking Sector: A Review of ATM Architecture and Operations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bashir%20Aliyu%20Yauri">Bashir Aliyu Yauri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rufai%20Aliyu%20Yauri"> Rufai Aliyu Yauri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the introduction of cash-less society policy by the Central Bank of Nigeria, the concept of e-banking services has experienced a significant improvement over the years. Today quite a number of people are embracing e-banking activities especially ATM, thereby moving away from the conventional banking system. This paper presents a review of the underlying Architectural Layout of Intra-Bank and Inter-Bank ATM connectivity in Nigeria. The paper further investigates and discusses factors affecting the Intra-Bank and Inter-Bank ATM connectivity in Nigeria. And as well possible solutions to these factors affecting ATM Connectivity and Operations are proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architectural%20layout" title="architectural layout">architectural layout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automated%20teller%20machine" title=" automated teller machine"> automated teller machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-services" title=" e-services"> e-services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postilion" title=" postilion"> postilion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36913/e-service-and-the-nigerian-banking-sector-a-review-of-atm-architecture-and-operations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">633</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">142</span> Application of Facilities Management Practice in High Rise Commercial Properties: Jos in Perpective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20Ahmad%20Aliyu">Aliyu Ahmad Aliyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abubakar%20Ahmad"> Abubakar Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Umar%20Bello"> Muhammad Umar Bello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rozilah%20Kasim"> Rozilah Kasim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Martin"> David Martin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article studied the application of facilities management practice in high rise commercial properties. Convenience sampling technique was used in administering questionnaires to the 60 respondents who responded to the survey. It was found out that the extent of application of facilities management in the subject properties is better described as below average. Similarly, the most frequently tools of facilities management in use and employed in the properties were outsourcing and in-house sourcing. This was influenced by the level of their familiarity with the tools. Planned and Preventive maintenance should be taken regularly in other to enhance the effectiveness of the facilities management and to satisfy both the owner and customers of the organization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20properties" title="commercial properties">commercial properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facilities%20management" title=" facilities management"> facilities management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-rise%20buildings" title=" high-rise buildings"> high-rise buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%20metropolis%20and%20outsourcing" title=" Jos metropolis and outsourcing"> Jos metropolis and outsourcing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14275/application-of-facilities-management-practice-in-high-rise-commercial-properties-jos-in-perpective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14275.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">545</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">141</span> Slugging Frequency Correlation for High Viscosity Oil-Gas Flow in Horizontal Pipeline </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Y.%20Danjuma">B. Y. Danjuma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Archibong-Eso"> A. Archibong-Eso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20M.%20Aliyu"> Aliyu M. Aliyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Yeung"> H. Yeung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this experimental investigation, a new data for slugging frequency for high viscosity oil-gas flow are reported. Scale experiments were carried out using a mixture of air and mineral oil as the liquid phase in a 17 m long horizontal pipe with 0.0762 ID. The data set was acquired using two high-speed Gamma Densitometers at a data acquisition frequency of 250 Hz over a time interval of 30 seconds. For the range of flow conditions investigated, increase in liquid oil viscosity was observed to strongly influence the slug frequency. A comparison of the present data with prediction models available in the literature revealed huge discrepancies. A new correlation incorporating the effect of viscosity on slug frequency has been proposed for the horizontal flow, which represents the main contribution of this work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20densitometer" title="gamma densitometer">gamma densitometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20pattern" title=" flow pattern"> flow pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20gradient" title=" pressure gradient"> pressure gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slug%20frequency" title=" slug frequency"> slug frequency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36688/slugging-frequency-correlation-for-high-viscosity-oil-gas-flow-in-horizontal-pipeline" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36688.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">140</span> Study of Low Loading Heavier Phase in Horizontal Oil-Water Liquid-Liquid Pipe Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aminu%20J.%20A.%20Koguna">Aminu J. A. Koguna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20M.%20Aliyu"> Aliyu M. Aliyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olawale%20T.%20Fajemidupe"> Olawale T. Fajemidupe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yahaya%20D.%20Baba"> Yahaya D. Baba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Production fluids are transported from the platform to tankers or process facilities through transfer pipelines. Water being one of the heavier phases tends to settle at the bottom of pipelines especially at low flow velocities and this has adverse consequences for pipeline integrity. On restart after a shutdown this could result in corrosion and issues for process equipment, thus the need to have the heavier liquid dispersed into the flowing lighter fluid. This study looked at the flow regime of low water cut and low flow velocity oil and water flow using conductive film thickness probes in a large diameter 4-inch pipe to obtain oil and water interface height and the interface structural velocity. A wide range of 0.1–1.0 m/s oil and water mixture velocities was investigated for 0.5–5% water cut. Two fluid model predictions were used to compare with the experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interface%20height" title="interface height">interface height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid" title=" liquid"> liquid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity" title=" velocity"> velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20regime" title=" flow regime"> flow regime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersed" title=" dispersed"> dispersed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20cut" title=" water cut"> water cut</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38742/study-of-low-loading-heavier-phase-in-horizontal-oil-water-liquid-liquid-pipe-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">139</span> Multi-Stage Classification for Lung Lesion Detection on CT Scan Images Applying Medical Image Processing Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behnaz%20Sohani">Behnaz Sohani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahand%20Shahalinezhad"> Sahand Shahalinezhad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Rahmani"> Amir Rahmani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20Aliyu"> Aliyu Aliyu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, medical imaging and specifically medical image processing is becoming one of the most dynamically developing areas of medical science. It has led to the emergence of new approaches in terms of the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of various diseases. In the process of diagnosis of lung cancer, medical professionals rely on computed tomography (CT) scans, in which failure to correctly identify masses can lead to incorrect diagnosis or sampling of lung tissue. Identification and demarcation of masses in terms of detecting cancer within lung tissue are critical challenges in diagnosis. In this work, a segmentation system in image processing techniques has been applied for detection purposes. Particularly, the use and validation of a novel lung cancer detection algorithm have been presented through simulation. This has been performed employing CT images based on multilevel thresholding. The proposed technique consists of segmentation, feature extraction, and feature selection and classification. More in detail, the features with useful information are selected after featuring extraction. Eventually, the output image of lung cancer is obtained with 96.3% accuracy and 87.25%. The purpose of feature extraction applying the proposed approach is to transform the raw data into a more usable form for subsequent statistical processing. Future steps will involve employing the current feature extraction method to achieve more accurate resulting images, including further details available to machine vision systems to recognise objects in lung CT scan images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20cancer%20detection" title="lung cancer detection">lung cancer detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20segmentation" title=" image segmentation"> image segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20computed%20tomography%20%28CT%29%20images" title=" lung computed tomography (CT) images"> lung computed tomography (CT) images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20image%20processing" title=" medical image processing"> medical image processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168847/multi-stage-classification-for-lung-lesion-detection-on-ct-scan-images-applying-medical-image-processing-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">138</span> Learning Resources as Determinants for Improving Teaching and Learning Process in Nigerian Universities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulmutallib%20U.%20Baraya">Abdulmutallib U. Baraya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aishatu%20M.%20Chadi"> Aishatu M. Chadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20A.%20Aliyu"> Zainab A. Aliyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agatha%20Samson"> Agatha Samson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Learning Resources is the field of study that investigates the process of analyzing, designing, developing, implementing, and evaluating learning materials, learners, and the learning process in order to improve teaching and learning in university-level education essential for empowering students and various sectors of Nigeria’s economy to succeed in a fast-changing global economy. Innovation in the information age of the 21st century is the use of educational technologies in the classroom for instructional delivery, it involves the use of appropriate educational technologies like smart boards, computers, projectors and other projected materials to facilitate learning and improve performance. The study examined learning resources as determinants for improving the teaching and learning process in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU), Bauchi, Bauchi state of Nigeria. Three objectives, three research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a Survey research design. The population of the study was 880 lecturers. A sample of 260 was obtained using the research advisor table for determining sampling, and 250 from the sample was proportionately selected from the seven faculties. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire. The instrument was subjected to validation by two experts. The reliability of the instrument stood at 0.81, which is reliable. The researchers, assisted by six research assistants, distributed and collected the questionnaire with a 75% return rate. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions, whereas simple linear regression was used to test the null hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that physical facilities and digital technology tools significantly improved the teaching and learning process. Also, consumables, supplies and equipment do not significantly improve the teaching and learning process in the faculties. It was recommended that lecturers in the various faculties should strengthen and sustain the use of digital technology tools, and there is a need to strive and continue to properly maintain the available physical facilities. Also, the university management should, as a matter of priority, continue to adequately fund and upgrade equipment, consumables and supplies frequently to enhance the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title="education">education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facilities" title=" facilities"> facilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning-resources" title=" learning-resources"> learning-resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology-tools" title=" technology-tools"> technology-tools</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188531/learning-resources-as-determinants-for-improving-teaching-and-learning-process-in-nigerian-universities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188531.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">137</span> A Multistep Broyden’s-Type Method for Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Y.%20Waziri">M. Y. Waziri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Aliyu"> M. A. Aliyu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper proposes an approach to improve the performance of Broyden’s method for solving systems of nonlinear equations. In this work, we consider the information from two preceding iterates rather than a single preceding iterate to update the Broyden’s matrix that will produce a better approximation of the Jacobian matrix in each iteration. The numerical results verify that the proposed method has clearly enhanced the numerical performance of Broyden’s Method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mulit-step%20Broyden" title="mulit-step Broyden">mulit-step Broyden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20systems%20of%20equations" title=" nonlinear systems of equations"> nonlinear systems of equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20efficiency" title=" computational efficiency"> computational efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iterate" title=" iterate"> iterate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13750/a-multistep-broydens-type-method-for-solving-systems-of-nonlinear-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13750.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">638</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">136</span> Women Entrepreneurs’ in Nigeria: Issues and Challenges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Mainoma">Mohammed Mainoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abubakar%20Tijanni"> Abubakar Tijanni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Aliyu"> Mohammed Aliyu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globalization has brought a structural change in industry. It is the breaking of artificial boundaries and given way to new product, new service, new market, and new technology among others. It leads to the realization that men entrepreneurs’ alone cannot meet the demand of the teeming population. Therefore there is a need for the participation, involvement, and engagement of females in the production and distribution of goods and services. This will enhance growth and development of a nation. It is in line with the above that this paper attempt to discuss meaning of women entrepreneurs, roles, types, problems, and prospects. Also, on the basis of conclusion the paper recommended that entrepreneurship education should be introduced in all Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title="women">women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurs" title=" entrepreneurs"> entrepreneurs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=issues" title=" issues"> issues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=challenges" title=" challenges"> challenges</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12200/women-entrepreneurs-in-nigeria-issues-and-challenges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">518</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">135</span> Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Standard Precautions in Medical Students of Rawalpindi Medical University, Pakistan; A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Idrees%20Ahmad">Zainab Idrees Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahjabeen%20Qureshi"> Mahjabeen Qureshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Hussain"> Zainab Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Standard precautions are a set of infection control practices used to prevent the transmission of diseases that can be acquired by contact with body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes. Lack of practice of SPs can result in a considerable increase in morbidity and mortality rates. Medical students (the future physicians) should have the highest knowledge of standard precautions to prevent the spread of nosocomial infections and ensure their safety as well. This study was designed. To assess the knowledge of medical students regarding standard precautions. And explore the attitude of medical students of MBBS in the third, fourth and final year towards standard precautions.: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the setting of Rawalpindi Medical University, Pakistan including the students of MBBS in their 3rd, 4th and final years. The study duration was from October 2022 to February 2023. The sample size calculated was 282 with a confidence interval of 95%. A questionnaire was structured utilizing the WHO guidelines on SPs assessing knowledge and attitude regarding hand hygiene, needle stick injury, use of gloves and mask, and sharp disposal. A total of 300 responses were received utilizing the technique of non-random convenience sampling. Data was analyzed using the latest version of SPSS.:Knowledge score regarding components of SPs, hand hygiene, and moments of hand hygiene was satisfactory. However, score regarding the use of PPE, needle stick injury, and sharp disposal was low. Almost all the students were compliant with the proper washing of hands but the observation of recommended time length was lacking. Compliance with the use of correct PPE and informing the supervisor upon getting a needle stick injury was low. This study signifies that medical students lack knowledge regarding standard precautions. This is alarming as this can be the vehicle for the spread of nosocomial infections. Proper training should be given to medical students to prevent the spread of hospital-acquired infections. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude" title="attitude">attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20students" title=" medical students"> medical students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20precautions" title=" standard precautions"> standard precautions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149543/knowledge-attitude-and-practice-regarding-standard-precautions-in-medical-students-of-rawalpindi-medical-university-pakistan-a-cross-sectional-descriptive-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">134</span> Environment Problems of Energy Exploitation and Utilization in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20Mohammed%20Lawal">Aliyu Mohammed Lawal </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The problems placed on the environment as a result of energy generation and usage in Nigeria is: potential damage to the environment health by CO, CO2, SOx, and NOx, effluent gas emissions and global warming. For instance in the year 2004 in Nigeria energy consumption was 58% oil and 34% natural gas but about 94 million metric tons of CO2 was emitted out of which 64% came from fossil fuels while about 35% came from fuel wood. The findings from this research on how to alleviate these problems are that long term sustainable development solutions should be enhanced globally; energy should be used more rationally renewable energy resources should be exploited and the existing emissions should be controlled to tolerate limits because the increase in energy demand in Nigeria places enormous strain on current energy facilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effluent%20gas" title="effluent gas">effluent gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emissions" title=" emissions"> emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NOx" title=" NOx"> NOx</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SOx" title=" SOx "> SOx </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42935/environment-problems-of-energy-exploitation-and-utilization-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42935.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">133</span> Detecting Black Hole Attacks in Body Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Alshehri">Sara Alshehri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayan%20Alenzi"> Bayan Alenzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atheer%20Alshehri"> Atheer Alshehri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samia%20Chelloug"> Samia Chelloug</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Almry"> Zainab Almry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussah%20Albugmai"> Hussah Albugmai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper concerns body area networks sensor that collect signals around a human body. The black hole attacks are the main security challenging problem because the data traffic can be dropped at any node. The focus of our proposed solution is to efficiently route data packets while detecting black hole nodes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20sensor%20networks" title="body sensor networks">body sensor networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20hole" title=" black hole"> black hole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=routing" title=" routing"> routing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broadcasting" title=" broadcasting"> broadcasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OMNeT%2B%2B" title=" OMNeT++ "> OMNeT++ </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10435/detecting-black-hole-attacks-in-body-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">645</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">132</span> A Study on the Vegetative and Osmolyte Accumulation of Capsicum frutescens L. under Zinc Metal Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ja%E2%80%99afar%20Umar">Ja’afar Umar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adamu%20Aliyu%20Aliero"> Adamu Aliyu Aliero</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plant growth, biochemical parameters, zinc metal concentrations were determined for Capsicum frutescens L. in response to varied concentration of zinc metal. The plant exhibited a decline in the vegetative parameters measured. Free proline and glycine betaine content increases with increasing concentration of zinc metal and differ significantly (P<0.05). It can be concluded that the osmolyte (pro and GB) accumulations, and high length of stem and wide leaf expansion are possible indicator of tolerance to heavy metals (Zinc) in Capsicum frutescens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20metal" title="zinc metal">zinc metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osmolyte" title=" osmolyte"> osmolyte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Capsicum%20frutescens" title=" Capsicum frutescens"> Capsicum frutescens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28287/a-study-on-the-vegetative-and-osmolyte-accumulation-of-capsicum-frutescens-l-under-zinc-metal-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">131</span> Representation of Reality in Nigerian Poetry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Abdulkarim">Zainab Abdulkarim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Literature is the study of life, a source of knowledge. It involves the truth about many things in life. Most of these creative artistes most especially the poets are representatives of the voices of the people. These set of artistes have been the critics to all involved in the development of their nation. This paper will examine how Nigerian Poets goes further not just by writing but by showing the different ways the country has been convoluted. This paper intends to show the power and ability literature has in representation. The power is to represent the important values of life. There is no doubt that literature asserts truth. Through the various poems examined in this paper, Nigerian Poets have proved to portray the realities of the nation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literature" title="literature">literature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poets" title=" poets"> poets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reality" title=" reality"> reality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=representation" title=" representation"> representation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25538/representation-of-reality-in-nigerian-poetry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">130</span> Modelling and Control of Electrohydraulic System Using Fuzzy Logic Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hajara%20Abdulkarim%20Aliyu">Hajara Abdulkarim Aliyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulbasid%20Ismail%20Isa"> Abdulbasid Ismail Isa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper studies electrohydraulic system for its role in position and motion control system and develops as mathematical model describing the behaviour of the system. The research further proposes Fuzzy logic and conventional PID controllers in order to achieve both accurate positioning of the payload and overall improvement of the system performance. The simulation result shows Fuzzy logic controller has a superior tracking performance and high disturbance rejection efficiency for its shorter settling time, less overshoot, smaller values of integral of absolute and deviation errors over the conventional PID controller at all the testing conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrohydraulic" title="electrohydraulic">electrohydraulic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic" title=" fuzzy logic"> fuzzy logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling" title=" modelling"> modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NZ-PID" title=" NZ-PID"> NZ-PID</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46295/modelling-and-control-of-electrohydraulic-system-using-fuzzy-logic-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">129</span> The Effect of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles on the Optical Properties of (PVP-PEG) Blend</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20Hakim">Hussein Hakim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Al-Ramadhan"> Zainab Al-Ramadhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Hashim"> Ahmed Hashim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polymer nano composites of polyvinylpyrrolidone and poly-ethylene glycol with different concentrations of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nano particles have been prepared by solution cast method. The optical characterizations have been done by analyzing the absorption (A) spectra in the 300–800 nm spectral region. It was found that the optical energy gap decreases with the increasing of Al2O3 nano particles content. The optical constants (refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant) are changing with increasing aluminum oxide nano particle concentrations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title="nanocomposites">nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyvinylpyrrolidone" title=" polyvinylpyrrolidone"> polyvinylpyrrolidone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20constants" title=" optical constants"> optical constants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymers" title=" polymers"> polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blend" title=" blend"> blend</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32971/the-effect-of-aluminum-oxide-nanoparticles-on-the-optical-properties-of-pvp-peg-blend" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">128</span> On Multiobjective Optimization to Improve the Scalability of Fog Application Deployments Using Fogtorch</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suleiman%20Aliyu">Suleiman Aliyu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Integrating IoT applications with Fog systems presents challenges in optimization due to diverse environments and conflicting objectives. This study explores achieving Pareto optimal deployments for Fog-based IoT systems to address growing QoS demands. We introduce Pareto optimality to balance competing performance metrics. Using the FogTorch optimization framework, we propose a hybrid approach (Backtracking search with branch and bound) for scalable IoT deployments. Our research highlights the advantages of Pareto optimality over single-objective methods and emphasizes the role of FogTorch in this context. Initial results show improvements in IoT deployment cost in Fog systems, promoting resource-efficient strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pareto%20optimality" title="pareto optimality">pareto optimality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fog%20application%20deployment" title=" fog application deployment"> fog application deployment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20allocation" title=" resource allocation"> resource allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20of%20things" title=" internet of things"> internet of things</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175224/on-multiobjective-optimization-to-improve-the-scalability-of-fog-application-deployments-using-fogtorch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175224.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">127</span> On Chromaticity of Wheels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Yasir%20Abed%20Al-Rekaby">Zainab Yasir Abed Al-Rekaby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Jalil%20M.%20Khalaf"> Abdul Jalil M. Khalaf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Let the vertices of a graph such that every two adjacent vertices have different color is a very common problem in the graph theory. This is known as proper coloring of graphs. The possible number of different proper colorings on a graph with a given number of colors can be represented by a function called the chromatic polynomial. Two graphs G and H are said to be chromatically equivalent, if they share the same chromatic polynomial. A Graph G is chromatically unique, if G is isomorphic to H for any graph H such that G is chromatically equivalent to H. The study of chromatically equivalent and chromatically unique problems is called chromaticity. This paper shows that a wheel W12 is chromatically unique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromatic%20polynomial" title="chromatic polynomial">chromatic polynomial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromatically%20equivalent" title=" chromatically equivalent"> chromatically equivalent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromatically%20unique" title=" chromatically unique"> chromatically unique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheel" title=" wheel"> wheel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12874/on-chromaticity-of-wheels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">126</span> Islamic Social Security: A Discourse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safiyya%20A.%20Abba">Safiyya A. Abba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shehu%20U.%20R.%20Aliyu"> Shehu U. R. Aliyu </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with Islamic social security: a discourse explores the meaning and nature of Islamic social security system. The paper reviews the social security framework and operations during the early period. The paper further identifies the instruments of Islamic social security discusses its principles and objectives. The paper discovers that Islamic social security is a personification of a comprehensive welfare approach in view of its varied instruments that are deeply rooted in the Islamic law, unique principles and realistic and achievable objectives. Furthermore, the Islamic social security system has far reaching socioeconomic implications; social justice, cohesion, equity, a catalyst for poverty eradication, income redistribution, economic growth and development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20social%20security" title="Islamic social security">Islamic social security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basic%20needs" title=" basic needs"> basic needs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zakat" title=" zakat"> zakat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socioeconomic%20justice" title=" socioeconomic justice"> socioeconomic justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equity" title=" equity"> equity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4765/islamic-social-security-a-discourse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">125</span> A Robust Hybrid Blind Digital Image Watermarking System Using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Contourlet Transform </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nidal%20F.%20Shilbayeh">Nidal F. Shilbayeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belal%20AbuHaija"> Belal AbuHaija</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20N.%20Al-Qudsy"> Zainab N. Al-Qudsy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a hybrid blind digital watermarking system using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Contourlet Transform (CT) has been implemented and tested. The implemented combined digital watermarking system has been tested against five common types of image attacks. The performance evaluation shows improved results in terms of imperceptibility, robustness, and high tolerance against these attacks; accordingly, the system is very effective and applicable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20wavelet%20transform%20%28DWT%29" title="discrete wavelet transform (DWT)">discrete wavelet transform (DWT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contourlet%20transform%20%28CT%29" title=" contourlet transform (CT)"> contourlet transform (CT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20image%20watermarking" title=" digital image watermarking"> digital image watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copyright%20protection" title=" copyright protection"> copyright protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometric%20attack" title=" geometric attack"> geometric attack</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69379/a-robust-hybrid-blind-digital-image-watermarking-system-using-discrete-wavelet-transform-and-contourlet-transform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69379.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">124</span> A Study of Chromatic Uniqueness of W14</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Yasir%20Al-Rekaby">Zainab Yasir Al-Rekaby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Jalil%20M.%20Khalaf"> Abdul Jalil M. Khalaf </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coloring the vertices of a graph such that every two adjacent vertices have different color is a very common problem in the graph theory. This is known as proper coloring of graphs. The possible number of different proper colorings on a graph with a given number of colors can be represented by a function called the chromatic polynomial. Two graphs G and H are said to be chromatically equivalent, if they share the same chromatic polynomial. A Graph G is chromatically unique, if G is isomorphic to H for any graph H such that G is chromatically equivalent to H. The study of chromatically equivalent and chromatically unique problems is called chromaticity. This paper shows that a wheel W14 is chromatically unique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromatic%20polynomial" title="chromatic polynomial">chromatic polynomial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromatically%20Equivalent" title=" chromatically Equivalent"> chromatically Equivalent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromatically%20unique" title=" chromatically unique"> chromatically unique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheel" title=" wheel"> wheel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20242/a-study-of-chromatic-uniqueness-of-w14" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">123</span> The Environmental Challenges of Energy Generation and Usage in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20Mohammed%20Lawal">Aliyu Mohammed Lawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dahiru%20Ya%27u%20Gital"> Dahiru Ya'u Gital</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The problems placed on the environment as a result of energy generation and usage in Nigeria are: Potential damage to the environment health by Co, Co2, Sox and Nox effluent gas emissions and global warming. For instance in the year 2004 in Nigeria energy consumption was 58% oil and 34% natural gas but about 94 million metric tons of Co2 was emitted out of which 64% came from fossil fuels while about 35% came from fuel wood. The findings from this research on how to alleviate these problems are that long term sustainable development solutions should be enhanced globally; energy should be used more rationally renewable energy resources should be exploited and the existing emissions should be controlled to tolerate limits because the increase in energy demand in Nigeria places enormous strain on current energy facilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20generation" title="energy generation">energy generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20health" title=" environmental health"> environmental health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effluent%20gas%20emission" title=" effluent gas emission"> effluent gas emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20warming" title=" global warming"> global warming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fossil%20fuel" title=" fossil fuel"> fossil fuel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31297/the-environmental-challenges-of-energy-generation-and-usage-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">122</span> Characterization and the Study of Energy Potential of Municipal Solid Waste Disposed in Bauchi Town and Environs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20Mohammed%20Lawal">Aliyu Mohammed Lawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dahiru%20Yau%20Gital"> Dahiru Yau Gital</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The characterisation and the energy potential of the municipal solid wastes in Bauchi town and environs were studied. It was found that, 35,000 tonnes of waste was generated annually at 0.19 kg/capital/day of which, the combination of plastics, rubber, polyethene bags constituted about 33%, followed by textile materials, leathers, wood 26%, combination of papers, cartons 19%, crop stalks/grass 11% and the remaining incombustible materials 11%. The heating value or calorific value of the wastes was determined using a digital calorimeter to be 6.43 MJ/kg, almost one-third of the energy content of peat which has a value of 15.9 MJ/kg. The calorific value of the fuel was found to be significant; hence, the waste could be used for energy generation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calorific%20value" title="calorific value">calorific value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20calorimeter" title=" digital calorimeter"> digital calorimeter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incombustible" title=" incombustible"> incombustible</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=municipal%20solid%20waste" title=" municipal solid waste"> municipal solid waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37903/characterization-and-the-study-of-energy-potential-of-municipal-solid-waste-disposed-in-bauchi-town-and-environs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37903.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">121</span> Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Solar Energy Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zakariyya%20Hassan%20Abdullahi">Zakariyya Hassan Abdullahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Suleiman%20Abdullahi"> Zainab Suleiman Abdullahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuhu%20Alhaji%20Muhammad"> Nuhu Alhaji Muhammad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a thorough review of photovoltaic and photovoltaic thermal systems is done on the basis of its performance based on electrical as well as thermal output. Photovoltaic systems are classified according to their use, i.e., electricity production, and thermal, Photovoltaic systems behave in an extraordinary and useful way, they react to light by transforming part of it into electricity useful way and unique, since photovoltaic and thermal applications along with the electricity production. The application of various photovoltaic systems is also discussed in detail. The performance analysis including all aspects, e.g., electrical, thermal, energy, and energy efficiency are also discussed. A case study for PV and PV/T system based on energetic analysis is presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title="photovoltaic">photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable" title=" renewable"> renewable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47848/performance-analysis-of-photovoltaic-solar-energy-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47848.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">517</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">120</span> Validation of the Formal Model of Web Services Applications for Digital Reference Service of Library Information System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Magaji%20Musa">Zainab Magaji Musa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nordin%20M.%20A.%20Rahman"> Nordin M. A. Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julaily%20Aida%20Jusoh"> Julaily Aida Jusoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The web services applications for digital reference service (WSDRS) of LIS model is an informal model that claims to reduce the problems of digital reference services in libraries. It uses web services technology to provide efficient way of satisfying users’ needs in the reference section of libraries. The formal WSDRS model consists of the Z specifications of all the informal specifications of the model. This paper discusses the formal validation of the Z specifications of WSDRS model. The authors formally verify and thus validate the properties of the model using Z/EVES theorem prover. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validation" title="validation">validation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=verification" title=" verification"> verification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formal" title=" formal"> formal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theorem%20prover" title=" theorem prover"> theorem prover</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34902/validation-of-the-formal-model-of-web-services-applications-for-digital-reference-service-of-library-information-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">516</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">119</span> Frobenius Manifolds Pairing and Invariant Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Al-Maamari">Zainab Al-Maamari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yassir%20Dinar"> Yassir Dinar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The orbit space of an irreducible representation of a finite group is a variety with the ring of invariant polynomials as a coordinate ring. The invariant ring is a polynomial ring if and only if the representation is a reflection representation. Boris Dubrovin shows that the orbits spaces of irreducible real reflection representations acquire the structure of polynomial Frobenius manifolds. Dubrovin's method was also used to construct different examples of Frobenius manifolds on certain reflection representations. By successfully applying Dubrovin’s method on non-polynomial invariant rings of linear representations of dicyclic groups, it gives some results that magnify the relation between invariant theory and Frobenius manifolds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invariant%20ring" title="invariant ring">invariant ring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frobenius%20manifold" title=" Frobenius manifold"> Frobenius manifold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inversion" title=" inversion"> inversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=representation%20theory" title=" representation theory"> representation theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143099/frobenius-manifolds-pairing-and-invariant-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">118</span> The Nexus between Renewable Energy, Urbanization, Industrialization and Economic Growth in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zubda%20Zia">Zubda Zia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Masood"> Zainab Masood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study has investigated the relationship between renewable energy, urbanization, industrialization, and economic growth in Pakistan, through the years 1990-2016. All the three explanatory variables play a pivotal role in their contribution to growth in any economy, especially a developing one such as Pakistan. Auto-regressive distributive lag (ARDL) model has been used to determine the co-integration and relationship between the variables. The empirical results indicate that there exists a positive and significant relationship between all the three variables and economic growth and that there is a stable, long-run relationship among them. Policy suggestions that incorporate the results include having a larger share of renewable energy in the energy sector, using urbanization as a means to remove the big city trend and move towards, smaller sustainable cities, etc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title="economic growth">economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20crisis" title=" energy crisis"> energy crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrialization" title=" industrialization"> industrialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SGDs" title=" SGDs"> SGDs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101667/the-nexus-between-renewable-energy-urbanization-industrialization-and-economic-growth-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">117</span> A Problem-Based Learning Approach in a Writing Classroom: Tutors’ Experiences and Perceptions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Mukhtar%20Aliyu">Muhammad Mukhtar Aliyu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated tutors’ experiences and perceptions of a problem-based learning approach (PBL) in a writing classroom. The study involved two Nigerian lecturers who facilitated an intact class of second-year students in an English composition course for the period of 12 weeks. Semi-structured interviews were employed to collect data of the study. The lecturers were interviewed before and after the implementation of the PBL process. The overall findings of the study show that the lecturers had positive perceptions of the use of PBL in a writing classroom. Specifically, the findings reveal the lecturers’ positive experiences and perception of the group activities. Finally, the paper gives some pedagogical implications which would give insight for better implementation of the PBL approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiences%20and%20perception" title="experiences and perception">experiences and perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=problem-based%20learning%20approach" title=" problem-based learning approach"> problem-based learning approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing%20classroom" title=" writing classroom"> writing classroom</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90237/a-problem-based-learning-approach-in-a-writing-classroom-tutors-experiences-and-perceptions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">116</span> A Pragmatic Analysis of Selected Print Media Reports on Insurgency in Nigerian Newspapers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20Uthman%20Abdulkadir">Aliyu Uthman Abdulkadir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Insurgent reports in Nigeria have become a recurring focus in the media due to the significance of language choices. This paper investigates these reports with the aim of identifying various pragmatic practices and exploring the role of the media in shaping public perception of insurgency. Three Nigerian newspapers The Punch, This Day, and The Guardian were selected for analysis between December 2022 and January 2023. Five media reports were examined to uncover the pragmatic functions embedded in the discourse. The study reveals that the media employ implicit acts such as exposing, sensitizing, informing, castigating, reprimanding, and shaming to depict insurgent activities in the country. The analysis also highlights how the use of presupposed ideologies enhances the delivery and acceptance of information related to insurgent actions. The study concludes that the media's portrayal of insurgency is often biased, as reflected in the data analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insurgency" title="insurgency">insurgency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pragmatic%20acts" title=" pragmatic acts"> pragmatic acts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bias" title=" bias"> bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framing" title=" framing"> framing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideoligies" title=" ideoligies"> ideoligies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192526/a-pragmatic-analysis-of-selected-print-media-reports-on-insurgency-in-nigerian-newspapers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192526.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">15</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">115</span> Hybrid Concrete Construction (HCC) for Sustainable Infrastructure Development in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Bello%20Ibrahim">Muhammad Bello Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Auwal%20Zakari"> M. Auwal Zakari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20Usman"> Aliyu Usman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hybrid concrete construction (HCC) combines all the benefits of pre-casting with the advantages of cast in-situ construction. Merging the two, as a hybrid structure, results in even greater construction speed, value, and the overall economy. Its variety of uses has gained popularity in the United States and in Europe due to its distinctive benefits. However, the increase of its application in some countries (including Nigeria) has been relatively slow. Several researches have shown that hybrid construction offers an ultra-high performance concrete that offers superior strength, durability and aesthetics with design flexibility and within sustainability credentials, based on the available and economically visible technologies. This paper examines and documents the criterion that will help inform the process of deciding whether or not to adopt hybrid concrete construction (HCC) technology rather than more traditional alternatives. It also the present situation of design, construction and research on hybrid structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20concrete%20construction" title="hybrid concrete construction">hybrid concrete construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20infrastructure%20development" title=" sustainable infrastructure development"> sustainable infrastructure development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20flexibility" title=" design flexibility"> design flexibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23660/hybrid-concrete-construction-hcc-for-sustainable-infrastructure-development-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23660.pdf" target="_blank" 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