CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "bioguide.congress.gov",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91858df31d12ce1d',cH: 'Xe_7gqovoVp7_wHJ_sI0u1qppD.gSYh6bBTdTKseLuk-1740631831-1.2.1.1-oZ6M.iKW_SDCbTp6gQp42DVJO14tGJOoZGWcVvsB_yDUtwZk3.XG06UB8w1ZIyAi',cUPMDTk: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=B000588&__cf_chl_tk=8W__7Sg4xj0YCPwG.c43rG0YeEeEror13EFR9Co8k7A-1740631831-1.0.1.1-SXfPjBW6xc0cli0nS9Hu5jY2N1MLWzK41JSH0Qs.850",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740631831',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=B000588&__cf_chl_f_tk=8W__7Sg4xj0YCPwG.c43rG0YeEeEror13EFR9Co8k7A-1740631831-1.0.1.1-SXfPjBW6xc0cli0nS9Hu5jY2N1MLWzK41JSH0Qs.850",md: "EF3hfXxGCUyaP7Tjzbk2Q1xpZlNxb3fX7aCFRJna82I-1740631831-1.2.1.1-W4rlpWOqjwL6NgH4E_UNl4RpICA0GmF2kOdGINUhgwS7ZMVwatAxIS9F4KmTJZRcb0GcS5DUrfOsLCeGPB3PsOOivg1Fa2w.g1ZZrftCeroAb07izTMeSrL93OflXSNkdYu3PUcaS_ikpf0OcBF8khzrrYUoCvtPzJVgwbeuE.XdOKY9dpypqVE9FkicdchPL8X.6F8JMjoOoxJj24MGUzWZkDeb3Qlf2qhefvq6Uelm0cjNj23kMuhAOa2kM0Gbsn7bGEqjZAeJ2vIroTGN3uqoD8E67au.5spRoLlf5.zvvfI.58xaOM7GJXbSnm8vj4c4RyD.UYHkZ94hnV8khv9OJWj2AaEXirboIO.gSwBQ79LsXomiLscI769yQd8KJMRWj1QkGnqpbiGzalWgWyihv9mJpKWj.rci31fQWUdLKshr7okPCJYXrV3BMNHFMoz6PEJCPmo2MiWZrvi4wvN4ZLU3OfEmLnmsmQUsGoV_G5T2hj7iWxzwhub_C9GhxtKarKMChzMMmgg3kbW8LPiq4hT8jrJJTMkV74wp1Uh94GnC5jRp.UjqrPktHFQoJk7E58P.DvP08q.RUDriPTeLV1pxm.JiXYvVhu_UIqBL.KoelaLWcaVtvxAmwNXRGtOxF0Rm1LASCvVlBAO3V6RBWsUJAdjgvPWVp22LzCkfO9tK0cfPQKHtrDeA7flLEWo7kWRf9qZqJBQTr9AfrqnGnUW3.2rkeAH5UAMK61kMN_LyhOJDOyy_07vpV0j6fsv_xrfpYmYYryfYfBfcCFm15iQe5Bb.ZuojU7Rp8o5C7mFMV6Da8okyhElN2hR9IDK59ao6lMwlpH0hfTzhJWX_byUCLKgxoP7T_Ue_V3QTJ95CoxMTiKd4JGUiar0Hj4Ple1XCN6FIiMZqTVQ9rnXgeOSB1xSvOvSyzr6YkFkUcxKE1NLtqoUbPJzeCwmCC0ToZi9.dZzW.PgaUzT5J_vbpVXJWdGsXLhI36Er2JSkDV6C5OUC.5_eBvPs5HT.SyeF9CMp_AoezH7Lg1UjH3L0vA8mi7lR_1tV6_1OKW.Qsj_XSpHcyxtabnX9hSUTYR1w5dHbPaZGTl03eM_qaTh.EJF8MRuQv.gQ0vZYPIwJBONPfOMIHN5XWB2SRuEeQxiP36awhKv8f3JEuJVjbihWmEGA5r4Rfk3D0I8r980NK1I05sBaw05TtZof5ZHAjQfkYtEGm2ncP6UX.fFq9wz15UP82kRFTqS99PTCOIBftShiuFzxqwK3FtxsFCXeqLrEGowJMxCbF4MIa84lSaHul9jSAZgHInL7oA7uMYQUbY3qPr3qanDCUz.BMv6_GV5P7HQvw5_H.F.sO1QvT4xOPsYH5Lsnqu0LfTkJzNYXlMhqdCcyfkjP9MzXwlpT4nRNsI_a7djUF__ilsEKzcu5lx0ZifAbrm0DMvLejDneeLr3GiQRpWC7ukrT_dZxSX9QmaGUWKfYScViVL_m8ui3whcvH82aFD2zwskR.yHEPtZ34KPN1NpxxYN_2iVGT12NsvLZVmzbnZekV7EMZSGk_aogkye2RsuWcn4QJWF49915emO3n0jcYG03VP65D66yGldB9pqvOFM_c0S_9V1nWiLBMMZfbE0yFtPAi70_PDtagIqtJkHwjZv8mUq6jjRZHfjbMWl6s53OCm39grzLLDSkwyD0YDGJVqTv7wwb8gAvvM1_mxdJWY6olsMmapufD_4CrX0AAeq7yXKsAxU2Twi_yMlRwz_n0s9XbOlXp6tRX_3.yudIKdeVXdSYCqlITz4vnr.oHp6AE8j1cg",mdrd: "ZabLtQ4vJRM6mgr4R1_8wbkxIb.May2nkb7zRLlctQM-1740631831-1.2.1.1-wiEcjbopoLY.XjR_jl.rffrN4dMhl8HL8IiWOiZt_nK7vl1igJJ0NRyJinO6b_mNEvFnF91M1YKwiOIspEsp7MDAO7mkhfAJv88n.dZZrmKpuhq6.0HThY3FyRZ9tBzMVMt8mmoGsQi3O1eiTMKiuSSKbvkAIBJsEAqFbSaPKXJXOx2wNlCpFzSCaCgSyulBpLCxLoLiwKlFrbl99J7pKAcOdIHEGFXJoNZJ_5kpbbMAU4EZsZXvLZCYV7ATt6.W0BSc6wfN_HlRYeUsLdBtPehSRuR2RYcX3nrYT2Q.F0_yWmAu64fFmyVNXHsKz65a5snVAAfCfoasJuBLpx_3BobV.O3EXuqJr00icwGYUiN1IFo.KDEcMTNQLxVfoC8IQk1ssBoGVNgVYW9booT44Bap5D.zVfbsyEKMcI1qIUoKTXxmK0Vj3adw_0aQoXaJXE0PQVWYAMAY4USK7Vdh8VvBR7n9D0Ms_ZI9fiwwUrLsG0CwS_91ZDnSLkKTPurTCZOLdMvlQuNmJdAQMmKEHC4q3m5yPjagozFtWcXxJxqXrqtJBklB_kMID7yeoZVvvegKBH3dJcf9M9pDcha3fnyja4mv_qdFaVgZnwNgXb58qWdwoAnEJgSpvSuY0mIZL5rq38kkW4jbXV30orbwl8j4rkSZWFOZDhXJNNI5p1gpOngqsDjEtdPQRv65jvmK8vfMk_BUvU636TVSZMA8fQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91858df31d12ce1d';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=B000588&__cf_chl_rt_tk=8W__7Sg4xj0YCPwG.c43rG0YeEeEror13EFR9Co8k7A-1740631831-1.0.1.1-SXfPjBW6xc0cli0nS9Hu5jY2N1MLWzK41JSH0Qs.850" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>