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id="toc-Regional_passenger_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freight_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freight_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Freight service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freight_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Public transit</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_transit-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Public transit subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Public_transit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Société_de_transport_de_Montréal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Société_de_transport_de_Montréal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Société de transport de Montréal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Société_de_transport_de_Montréal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Metro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Société_de_transport_de_Laval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Société_de_transport_de_Laval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Société de transport de Laval</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Société_de_transport_de_Laval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Réseau_de_transport_de_Longueuil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Réseau_de_transport_de_Longueuil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Réseau de transport de Longueuil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Réseau_de_transport_de_Longueuil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Exo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ferry_services,_summertime_only" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferry_services,_summertime_only"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Ferry services, summertime only</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ferry_services,_summertime_only-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Réseau_express_métropolitain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Réseau_express_métropolitain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Réseau express métropolitain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Réseau_express_métropolitain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road_network" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_network"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Road network</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Road_network-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Road network subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Road_network-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Limited-access_highways_(autoroutes)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limited-access_highways_(autoroutes)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Limited-access highways (autoroutes)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limited-access_highways_(autoroutes)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Street_grid_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Street_grid_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Street grid system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Street_grid_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Street_naming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Street_naming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Street naming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Street_naming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cycling</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cycling-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cycling subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cycling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Montreal's_bikeway_network" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Montreal's_bikeway_network"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Montreal's bikeway network</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Montreal's_bikeway_network-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cross-river_cycling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cross-river_cycling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Cross-river cycling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cross-river_cycling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shared_bicycle_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shared_bicycle_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Shared bicycle services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shared_bicycle_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Réseau_Express_Vélo_(REV)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Réseau_Express_Vélo_(REV)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Réseau Express Vélo (REV)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Réseau_Express_Vélo_(REV)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Community_response_to_REV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community_response_to_REV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.1</span> <span>Community response to REV</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Community_response_to_REV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Walking_and_Walkability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Walking_and_Walkability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Walking and Walkability</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Walking_and_Walkability-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Walking and Walkability subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Walking_and_Walkability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Challenges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Challenges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Challenges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Challenges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Increasing_walkability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Increasing_walkability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Increasing walkability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Increasing_walkability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Plans_that_promote_walkability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_that_promote_walkability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Plans that promote walkability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_that_promote_walkability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Benefits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Benefits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Benefits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Benefits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.1</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.2</span> <span>Environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Socioeconomic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Socioeconomic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.3</span> <span>Socioeconomic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Socioeconomic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cars_for_tourists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cars_for_tourists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Cars for tourists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cars_for_tourists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Marine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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class="mw-redirect" title="Transport in Montreal">Transport in Montreal</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Transport infrastructure in Montreal</div> <p><a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> has a developed <a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">transport</a> infrastructure network, which includes well-developed air, road, rail, and <a href="/wiki/Maritime_transport" title="Maritime transport">maritime</a> links to the rest of <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, as well as the United States and the rest of the world. Local public transport includes <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Metro" title="Montreal Metro">a metro system</a>, buses, ferry services and <a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">cycling infrastructure</a>. </p><p>Montreal is one of the transportation hubs for <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Canada" title="Eastern Canada">eastern Canada</a> and most of <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>. The city has two international airports, <a href="/wiki/Dorval_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorval Airport">Dorval Airport</a> for passenger flights and <a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al%E2%80%93Mirabel_International_Airport" title="Montréal–Mirabel International Airport">Mirabel</a> for cargo. Rail transportation includes intercity trains operated from <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Central_Station" title="Montreal Central Station">Montreal Central Station</a> to <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> as well as commuter trains. Public transit in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Montreal" title="Greater Montreal">Greater Montreal</a> is operated by several public transit providers. Montreal is subject traffic congestion, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Montreal" title="Island of Montreal">Island of Montreal</a> which is a hub for the <a href="/wiki/Autoroutes_of_Quebec" title="Autoroutes of Quebec">Autoroutes of Quebec</a>. Montreal is known for being one of the most <a href="/wiki/Bicycle-friendly" title="Bicycle-friendly">bicycle-friendly</a> cities in the world, with an extensive bikeway network and <a href="/wiki/Cycling_mobility" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycling mobility">cycling mobility</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Air">Air</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YUL.U.S._Departures.Sector.Control.Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/YUL.U.S._Departures.Sector.Control.Tower.jpg/220px-YUL.U.S._Departures.Sector.Control.Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/YUL.U.S._Departures.Sector.Control.Tower.jpg/330px-YUL.U.S._Departures.Sector.Control.Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/YUL.U.S._Departures.Sector.Control.Tower.jpg/440px-YUL.U.S._Departures.Sector.Control.Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="1190" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al-Pierre_Elliott_Trudeau_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport">Montréal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Montreal has two international <a href="/wiki/Airports" class="mw-redirect" title="Airports">airports</a>, one for passenger flights only, and the other for cargo. <a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al-Pierre_Elliott_Trudeau_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport">Montréal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport</a> (also known as <i>Dorval Airport</i>) in the City of <a href="/wiki/Dorval,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorval, Quebec">Dorval</a> serves all commercial passenger traffic and is the headquarters for <a href="/wiki/Air_Canada" title="Air Canada">Air Canada</a><sup id="cite_ref-Air_Canada_Centre_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Air_Canada_Centre-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Air_Transat" title="Air Transat">Air Transat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Air_Transat_Head_Office_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Air_Transat_Head_Office-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the north of the city is <a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al%E2%80%93Mirabel_International_Airport" title="Montréal–Mirabel International Airport">Montréal-Mirabel International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mirabel,_Quebec" title="Mirabel, Quebec">Mirabel</a>, which was envisioned as Montreal's primary airport but which now serves cargo flights along with <a href="/wiki/MEDEVAC" class="mw-redirect" title="MEDEVAC">MEDEVACs</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_aviation" title="General aviation">general aviation</a>, as well as some passenger services.<sup id="cite_ref-Last_passengers_leave_Mirabel,_Nov_1_2004_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Last_passengers_leave_Mirabel,_Nov_1_2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-medivac_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medivac-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-flight1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flight1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fleet_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fleet-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, Montreal-Trudeau was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Canada" title="List of the busiest airports in Canada">third busiest airport in Canada</a> by both passenger traffic and by aircraft movements, behind <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Pearson_International_Airport" title="Toronto Pearson International Airport">Toronto Pearson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_International_Airport" title="Vancouver International Airport">Vancouver</a>. In 2016, the airport handled 15.6 million passengers<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 225,203 aircraft movements.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With 61% of its passengers being on non-domestic flights, it has the largest percentage of international flights of any Canadian airport.<sup id="cite_ref-pax_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pax-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trudeau Airport is served by 40 carriers to over 100 destinations worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Airlines servicing Trudeau offer flights to <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> and other destinations within Canada. Trudeau Airport is home to the largest <a href="/wiki/Duty-free_shop" title="Duty-free shop">duty-free shop</a> in North America.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_the_Montreal_area" title="List of airports in the Montreal area">airports</a> in the Montreal area serve military and civilian use.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Plattsburgh_International_Airport" title="Plattsburgh International Airport">Plattsburgh International Airport</a> in the United States—closer to Montreal's southern suburbs than Trudeau—also serves the area.<sup id="cite_ref-davis20150826_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davis20150826-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Public transportation to <a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al-Pierre_Elliott_Trudeau_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport">Montréal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport</a> is provided by the <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_transport_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Société de transport de Montréal">Société de transport de Montréal</a>'s bus line 747.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new electric light rail system, the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_express_m%C3%A9tropolitain" title="Réseau express métropolitain">Réseau express métropolitain</a> (REM), is currently in planning and will connect the airport with Montreal's downtown core upon completion, intended for 2027.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rail_Transportation">Rail Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rail Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AMTSBLG.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/AMTSBLG.JPG/220px-AMTSBLG.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/AMTSBLG.JPG/330px-AMTSBLG.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/AMTSBLG.JPG/440px-AMTSBLG.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Exo_(public_transit)" title="Exo (public transit)">Exo</a> runs commuter trains serving Greater Montreal such as this one on the <a href="/wiki/Mont-Saint-Hilaire_line" title="Mont-Saint-Hilaire line">Mont-Saint-Hilaire line</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Montreal-metro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Montreal-metro.jpg/220px-Montreal-metro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Montreal-metro.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption>Metro train departing Montreal's <a href="/wiki/Place-Saint-Henri_(Montreal_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Place-Saint-Henri (Montreal Metro)">Place-Saint-Henri Metro Station</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intercity_passenger_service">Intercity passenger service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Intercity passenger service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Via_Rail" title="Via Rail">VIA Rail</a>, which is headquartered in Montreal, provides rail service to other cities in Canada, particularly to <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> with several trains daily on its <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City_%E2%80%93_Windsor_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec City – Windsor Corridor">Quebec City-Windsor Corridor</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>, the US national <a href="/wiki/Passenger_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Passenger rail">passenger rail</a> system, also provides service to Montreal, operating its <a href="/wiki/Adirondack_(Amtrak)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adirondack (Amtrak)">Adirondack</a> train daily between <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. </p><p>All intercity trains operate out of <a href="/wiki/Central_Station_(Montreal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Station (Montreal)">Central Station</a>. VIA and Amtrak trains also stop at several suburban stations, the largest of which is at <a href="/wiki/Dorval_railway_station_(Via)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorval railway station (Via)">Dorval</a>, adjacent to the airport. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_passenger_service">Regional passenger service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Regional passenger service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Regional passenger train service, geared largely to daily commuters to Montreal's <a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">central business district</a>, is operated by <a href="/wiki/Exo_(public_transit)" title="Exo (public transit)">Exo</a>. Six train lines operate out of the <a href="/wiki/Lucien-L%27Allier_station_(RTM)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucien-L'Allier station (RTM)">Lucien-L'Allier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Central_Station" title="Montreal Central Station">Central</a> stations with <a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_station_(Montreal)#Commuter_trains" class="mw-redirect" title="Park Avenue station (Montreal)">Parc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%B4me_station#Commuter_Rail" title="Vendôme station">Vendome</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_La_Concorde_station#Commuter_rail" title="De La Concorde station">De La Concorde</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sauv%C3%A9_station#Commuter_&_Intercity_Rail" title="Sauvé station">Sauvé</a> as secondary stations. These facilities are all stops on the Metro system as well. Lines are operated under contract by Canadian National and Canadian Pacific. In some cases, Exo owns the track and infrastructure. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Freight_service">Freight service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Freight service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">Canadian Pacific Railway</a> (known as CP or the CPR), now headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Calgary,_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calgary, Alberta">Calgary, Alberta</a>, was founded in Montreal in 1881.<sup id="cite_ref-CPR_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPR-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its corporate headquarters occupied <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Station_(Montreal)" title="Windsor Station (Montreal)">Windsor Station</a> at 910 <a href="/wiki/Peel_Street,_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Peel Street, Montreal">Peel Street</a> until 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-CE-CP_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CE-CP-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Montreal" title="Port of Montreal">Port of Montreal</a> kept open year-round by icebreakers, lines to Eastern Canada became surplus, and now Montreal is the railway's eastern and intermodal freight terminus.<sup id="cite_ref-CP-Map_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CP-Map-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CPR connects Montreal with the Port of Montreal, the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_and_Hudson_Railway" title="Delaware and Hudson Railway">Delaware & Hudson Railway</a> to New York, the <a href="/wiki/Chemins_de_Fer_Qu%C3%A9bec-Gatineau" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemins de Fer Québec-Gatineau">Quebec-Gatineau Railway</a> to Quebec City and <a href="/wiki/Buckingham,_Quebec" title="Buckingham, Quebec">Buckingham</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Maine_and_Quebec_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Maine and Quebec Railway">Central Maine and Quebec Railway</a> to Halifax, and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Railway" title="Canadian National Railway">CN</a> Rail. The CPR's flagship passenger train, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian" title="The Canadian">The Canadian</a></i>, once ran daily from Windsor Station to Vancouver. CP's passenger services were transferred to VIA Rail Canada in 1978. </p><p>Montreal-based <a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Railways" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian National Railways">Canadian National Railways</a> (known as CN or CNR) was formed in 1919 by the Canadian government following a series of country-wide rail bankruptcies. CN was formed from the lines of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Trunk_Pacific_Railway" title="Grand Trunk Pacific Railway">Grand Trunk</a>, Midland and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Northern_Railway" title="Canadian Northern Railway">Canadian Northern Railways</a>, and has risen to become CPR's chief rival in freight carriage in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-CN-History_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CN-History-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the CPR, CN transferred passenger services to VIA Rail Canada, now a <a href="/wiki/Crown_corporations_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown corporations of Canada">crown corporation</a>, but once part of CN itself.<sup id="cite_ref-CN-Hist2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CN-Hist2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_transit">Public transit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Public transit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GuimardMon.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/GuimardMon.JPG/220px-GuimardMon.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/GuimardMon.JPG/330px-GuimardMon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/GuimardMon.JPG/440px-GuimardMon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><i>Metropolitan</i> entrance to <a href="/wiki/Square-Victoria-OACI_(Montreal_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Square-Victoria-OACI (Montreal Metro)">Square-Victoria-OACI station</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hector_Guimard" title="Hector Guimard">Hector Guimard</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Greater_Montreal" title="Greater Montreal">Greater Montreal</a> is served by a number of public transit providers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Société_de_transport_de_Montréal"><span id="Soci.C3.A9t.C3.A9_de_transport_de_Montr.C3.A9al"></span>Société de transport de Montréal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Société de transport de Montréal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_transport_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Société de transport de Montréal">Société de transport de Montréal</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_transport_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Société de transport de Montréal">STM</a> serves the Island of Montreal as well as islands of <a href="/wiki/Ile_Bizard" class="mw-redirect" title="Ile Bizard">Bizard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ile_des_Soeurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ile des Soeurs">des Soeurs</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Notre-Dame" class="mw-redirect" title="Île Notre-Dame">Notre Dame</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ile_Sainte-Helene" class="mw-redirect" title="Ile Sainte-Helene">Sainte-Helene</a>. The bus network consists of 165 daytime and 20 night-time service routes. STM also provides <a href="/wiki/Paratransit" title="Paratransit">paratransit</a> and limited wheelchair-accessible buses.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Metro">Metro</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Metro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Metro" title="Montreal Metro">Montreal Metro</a></div> <p>The Montreal Metro, a subway system, was inaugurated in 1966 and today has 68 stations spread out along its four lines.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All but five stations are on the Island of Montreal and in STM's territory. Each station was designed by different architects with individual themes and features original artwork, and the trains themselves run on rubber tires, making the system quieter than most.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project was initiated by Montreal Mayor <a href="/wiki/Jean_Drapeau" title="Jean Drapeau">Jean Drapeau</a>, who would later bring the Summer Olympic Games to Montreal in 1976. The Metro system has long had a station on the <a href="/wiki/South_Shore_(Montreal)" title="South Shore (Montreal)">South Shore</a> in the city of <a href="/wiki/Longueuil,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Longueuil, Quebec">Longueuil</a>, and in 2007, extended to the city of <a href="/wiki/Laval,_Quebec" title="Laval, Quebec">Laval</a>, north of Montreal with 3 new stations.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since Sunday, February 7, 2016, the new Azur metro cars are accessible to the users, one of the many features of these new cars is that they can accommodate up to 8% more passengers than the current models who have been running since inauguration of the metro.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city of Montreal has announced plans to convert its entire fleet of buses over to <a href="/wiki/Electric_bus" title="Electric bus">all-electric</a> by 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Société_de_transport_de_Laval"><span id="Soci.C3.A9t.C3.A9_de_transport_de_Laval"></span>Société de transport de Laval</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Société de transport de Laval"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_transport_de_Laval" title="Société de transport de Laval">Société de transport de Laval</a></div> <p>The city of Laval, on neighboring <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_J%C3%A9sus" title="Île Jésus">Île Jésus</a>, is served by the Société de transport de Laval (STL). The STL runs 40 routes, many of which connect to one of the three Laval Metro stations or to the RTM train station at <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Doroth%C3%A9e_station" title="Sainte-Dorothée station">Sainte-Dorothée</a>. Other bus routes connect to Metro stations on the Island of Montreal, including <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-Vertu_(Montreal_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Côte-Vertu (Montreal Metro)">Côte-Vertu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henri-Bourassa_(Montreal_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri-Bourassa (Montreal Metro)">Henri-Bourassa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Réseau_de_transport_de_Longueuil"><span id="R.C3.A9seau_de_transport_de_Longueuil"></span>Réseau de transport de Longueuil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Réseau de transport de Longueuil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_de_transport_de_Longueuil" title="Réseau de transport de Longueuil">Réseau de transport de Longueuil</a></div> <p>Service to the densest part of Montreal's <a href="/wiki/South_Shore_(Montreal)" title="South Shore (Montreal)">South Shore</a> is provided by the Réseau de transport de Longueuil (RTL). RTL's numerous routes serve the <a href="/wiki/Terminus_Centre-Ville" title="Terminus Centre-Ville">Terminus Centre-Ville</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Longueuil%E2%80%93Universit%C3%A9-de-Sherbrooke_(Montreal_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Longueuil–Université-de-Sherbrooke (Montreal Metro)">Longueuil Metro station</a>, and several Exo train stations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exo">Exo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Exo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Exo_(public_transit)" title="Exo (public transit)">Exo (public transit)</a></div> <p>Exo provides commuter bus (as well as commuter rail) services to suburbs not served by the RTL or STL, via direct/express or feeder routes. In 2017, the Exo network carried more than 190,000 commuters daily. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ferry_services,_summertime_only"><span id="Ferry_services.2C_summertime_only"></span>Ferry services, summertime only</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ferry services, summertime only"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Old_Port_of_Montreal%E2%80%93Longueuil_Ferry" title="Old Port of Montreal–Longueuil Ferry">Old Port of Montreal–Longueuil Ferry</a></div> <p>From late spring to early autumn, pedestrian/cyclist ferry service links the <a href="/wiki/Old_Port_of_Montreal" title="Old Port of Montreal">Old Port of Montreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helen%27s_Island" title="Saint Helen's Island">Saint Helen's Island</a>, and the South Shore communities at <a href="/wiki/Longueuil" title="Longueuil">Longueuil</a>, a distance of 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi). </p><p>Mid-July 2016, a proposal was suggested by a competing riverboat operator at establishing summertime weekday rush-hour pedestrian ferry service between the downstream, northeastern, outermost borough of <a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re-des-Prairies-Pointe-aux-Trembles" class="mw-redirect" title="Rivière-des-Prairies-Pointe-aux-Trembles">Rivière-des-Prairies-Pointe-aux-Trembles</a> and the Old Port, an approximate distance of 21 kilometres (13 mi). The city permanently adopted summertime sailings as of May 2019, and expanded service to seven days and six evenings per week. Having customarily trialed at 30 knots (approximately 34½ miles or 55½ kilometres per hour), implementation of the service has consequently seen its speediness reduced by at least one quarter; nonetheless, with its service even doubled during weekday peak hours it provides the valley with its swiftest sailings, and it even outpaces road traffic between its two docks. </p><p>Other scheduled Island of Montreal services: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lachine,_Quebec" title="Lachine, Quebec">Lachine</a> - Île Saint-Bernard (<a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauguay" title="Châteauguay">Châteauguay</a>)</li> <li>Mercier (<a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>) - <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Charron" class="mw-redirect" title="Île Charron">Île Charron</a> (<a href="/wiki/Longueuil" title="Longueuil">Longueuil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe-aux-Trembles" title="Pointe-aux-Trembles">Pointe-aux-Trembles</a> > <a href="/wiki/Varennes,_Quebec" title="Varennes, Quebec">Varennes</a> (south shore) > <a href="/wiki/Repentigny,_Quebec" title="Repentigny, Quebec">Repentigny</a> (north shore) > <a href="/wiki/Pointe-aux-Trembles" title="Pointe-aux-Trembles">Pointe-aux-Trembles</a>—a one-way circuitous trio of journeys that total 1½ hours' sailing time (roughly ½ hour each one).</li></ul> <p>Further nearby scheduled St Lawrence River services include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boucherville" title="Boucherville">Boucherville</a> - Île Grosbois</li> <li>Île à Pinard - <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Sainte-Marguerite" title="Île Sainte-Marguerite">Île Sainte-Marguerite</a>—entirely within Quebec's Boucherville Islands Park</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavaltrie" title="Lavaltrie">Lavaltrie</a> - <a href="/wiki/Contrec%C5%93ur" class="mw-redirect" title="Contrecœur">Contrecœur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Coteaux,_Quebec" title="Les Coteaux, Quebec">Les Coteaux</a> - <a href="/wiki/Salaberry-de-Valleyfield" title="Salaberry-de-Valleyfield">Salaberry-de-Valleyfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longueuil" title="Longueuil">Longueuil</a> - <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Charron" class="mw-redirect" title="Île Charron">Île Charron</a></li> <li>Notre-Dame-de-L'Île-Perrot - <a href="/wiki/Beauharnois,_Quebec" title="Beauharnois, Quebec">Beauharnois</a></li> <li>Notre-Dame-de-L'Île-Perrot - <a href="/wiki/Pointe-des-Cascades" class="mw-redirect" title="Pointe-des-Cascades">Pointe-des-Cascades</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Réseau_express_métropolitain"><span id="R.C3.A9seau_express_m.C3.A9tropolitain"></span>Réseau express métropolitain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Réseau express métropolitain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_express_m%C3%A9tropolitain" title="Réseau express métropolitain">Réseau express métropolitain</a></div> <p>On 22 April 2016 the forthcoming automated <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> system, the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_express_m%C3%A9tropolitain" title="Réseau express métropolitain">Réseau express métropolitain</a>, was unveiled. Groundbreaking occurred 12 April 2018, and construction of the 67-kilometre-long (42 mi) network – consisting of three branches, 26 stations, and the conversion of the region's busiest commuter railway – commenced the following month. The first phase for five stations was opened on July 31, 2023<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which will follow by the next two phases in 2024, becoming the fourth largest automated rapid transit network after the <a href="/wiki/Dubai_Metro" title="Dubai Metro">Dubai Metro</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mass_Rapid_Transit_(Singapore)" title="Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)">Singapore Mass Rapid Transit</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/SkyTrain_(Vancouver)" title="SkyTrain (Vancouver)">Vancouver SkyTrain</a>. Most of it will be financed by pension fund manager <a href="/wiki/Caisse_de_d%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_et_placement_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec">Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statistics">Statistics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Montreal, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 87 min. 29.% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 14 min, while 17% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 7.7 km, while 17% travel for over 12 km in a single direction.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Road_network">Road network</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Road network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_in_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="List of bridges in Montreal">List of bridges in Montreal</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_crossings_of_the_Rivi%C3%A8re_des_Prairies" title="List of crossings of the Rivière des Prairies">List of crossings of the Rivière des Prairies</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacques_Cartier_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Jacques_Cartier_Bridge.jpg/220px-Jacques_Cartier_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Jacques_Cartier_Bridge.jpg/330px-Jacques_Cartier_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Jacques_Cartier_Bridge.jpg/440px-Jacques_Cartier_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier_Bridge" title="Jacques Cartier Bridge">Jacques Cartier Bridge</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Like many major cities, Montreal has a problem with <a href="/wiki/Vehicular" class="mw-redirect" title="Vehicular">vehicular</a> traffic congestion, especially from off-island <a href="/wiki/Suburbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Suburbs">suburbs</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Laval,_Quebec" title="Laval, Quebec">Laval</a> on <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_J%C3%A9sus" title="Île Jésus">Île Jésus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Longueuil,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Longueuil, Quebec">Longueuil</a> on the south shore. The width of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">Saint Lawrence River</a> has made the construction of fixed links to the south shore expensive and difficult. There are only four road <a href="/wiki/Bridge" title="Bridge">bridges</a> along with one road <a href="/wiki/Tunnel" title="Tunnel">tunnel</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway">railway</a> bridges, and a <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">Metro</a> line. The far narrower <a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re_des_Prairies" title="Rivière des Prairies">Rivière des Prairies</a>, separating Montreal from Laval, is spanned by eight road bridges (six to <a href="/wiki/Laval,_Quebec" title="Laval, Quebec">Laval</a> and two directly to the <a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(Laval)" class="mw-redirect" title="North Shore (Laval)">north shore</a>). </p><p>On the <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Montr%C3%A9al" class="mw-redirect" title="Island of Montréal">Island of Montréal</a> motorists are forbidden from turning right while facing a red traffic signal, a move permitted elsewhere in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Quebec">Province of Quebec</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Limited-access_highways_(autoroutes)"><span id="Limited-access_highways_.28autoroutes.29"></span>Limited-access highways (autoroutes)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Limited-access highways (autoroutes)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Autoroutes_Montr%C3%A9al.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Autoroutes_Montr%C3%A9al.svg/300px-Autoroutes_Montr%C3%A9al.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Autoroutes_Montr%C3%A9al.svg/450px-Autoroutes_Montr%C3%A9al.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Autoroutes_Montr%C3%A9al.svg/600px-Autoroutes_Montr%C3%A9al.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1161" data-file-height="1005" /></a><figcaption>Map of the major highways in Montreal</figcaption></figure> <p>The island of Montreal is a hub for the <a href="/wiki/Autoroutes_of_Quebec" title="Autoroutes of Quebec">Québec autoroute system</a>, and is served by Québec autoroutes <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_10" title="Quebec Autoroute 10">A-10</a> (known as the Bonaventure Expressway on the island of Montreal), <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_15" title="Quebec Autoroute 15">A-15</a> (aka the Decarie Expressway south of the A-40 and the Laurentian autoroute to the north of it), <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_13" title="Quebec Autoroute 13">A-13</a> (aka autoroute Chomedey), <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_20" title="Quebec Autoroute 20">A-20</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_25" title="Quebec Autoroute 25">A-25</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_40" title="Quebec Autoroute 40">A-40</a> (part of the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Canada_Highway" title="Trans-Canada Highway">Trans-Canada Highway</a> system, and known as "The Metropolitan" or simply "The Met" in its elevated mid-town section), <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_520" title="Quebec Autoroute 520">A-520</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Route_136_(Montreal)" title="Quebec Route 136 (Montreal)">R-136</a> (aka the Ville-Marie autoroute). Many of these autoroutes are frequently congested at <a href="/wiki/Rush_hour" title="Rush hour">rush hour</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However, in recent years, the government has acknowledged this problem and is working on long-term solutions to alleviate the congestion. One such example is the extension of <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_30" title="Quebec Autoroute 30">Quebec Autoroute 30</a> on Montreal's <a href="/wiki/South_Shore_(Montreal)" title="South Shore (Montreal)">south shore</a>, which will serve as a <a href="/wiki/Bypass_(road)" title="Bypass (road)">bypass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TransportsQuebec_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TransportsQuebec-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today's existing highways have been planned in the 1960s as part of a grid like transport system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Street_grid_system">Street grid system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Street grid system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since Montreal is on an <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Montreal" title="Island of Montreal">island</a>, the directions used in the city plan do not precisely correspond with <a href="/wiki/Compass" title="Compass">compass</a> directions, as they are oriented to the geography of the island. North and south are defined on an axis roughly <a href="/wiki/Perpendicular" title="Perpendicular">perpendicular</a> to the St. Lawrence River and the Rivière des Prairies: North is towards the Rivière des Prairies, and south is towards the St. Lawrence. East (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/downstream" class="extiw" title="wikt:downstream">downstream</a>) and west (<a href="/wiki/Source_(river_or_stream)" class="mw-redirect" title="Source (river or stream)">upstream</a>) directions are defined as roughly <a href="/wiki/Parallel_(geometry)" title="Parallel (geometry)">parallel</a> to the St. Lawrence River and the Rivière des Prairies, despite the fact that both rivers flow from the southwest to the northeast. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_Boulevard" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence Boulevard">Saint Lawrence Boulevard</a>, also known as "The Main," divides Montreal into east and west sectors. Streets that cut across Saint Laurent Boulevard undergo a name change, in that <a href="/wiki/East" title="East">Est</a> or <a href="/wiki/West" title="West">Ouest</a> are appended to their names. Streets that do not cross the Main do not generally contain a <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_direction" title="Cardinal direction">cardinal direction</a> at the end of their names.<sup id="cite_ref-Frommers_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frommers-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Address numbering begins at one at Saint Lawrence Boulevard. The numbers increase as you move away from the boulevard. On north–south streets, house numbers begin at the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">Saint Lawrence River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lachine_Canal" title="Lachine Canal">Lachine Canal</a> and increase to the north. Odd numbers are on the east or north sides of the street, with even numbers on the west or south sides. Numbered streets generally run north and south, and the street numbers increase to the east. </p><p>Moreover, the addresses are on a <a href="/wiki/Grid_plan" title="Grid plan">grid-axis system</a>, as in many <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North American</a> cities. Streets generally retain their grid position throughout their course, even if they are slightly <a href="/wiki/Diagonal" title="Diagonal">diagonal</a>. For example: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sherbrooke_Street" title="Sherbrooke Street">Sherbrooke Street</a>, which runs "east–west" is 3400 (north of the Saint Lawrence), so a house on the northeast corner of Sherbrooke St. would theoretically be numbered 3401, and on the northwest 3400.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Hubert_Street" title="Saint Hubert Street">Saint Hubert Street</a>, which runs "north–south" is 800 East, so a house on the northeast corner of St-Hubert St, would be 801 (or 801 East if the street crosses <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_Boulevard" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence Boulevard">Saint Lawrence Boulevard</a>), and a house on the southeast corner would be 800 East.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peel_Street,_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Peel Street, Montreal">Peel Street</a>, which runs "north–south" is 1100 West, so a house on the northwest corner of Peel St, would be 1101 (or 1101 West if the street crosses <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_Boulevard" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence Boulevard">Saint Lawrence Boulevard</a>), and a house on the southwest corner would be 1100 West.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Autoroute_Ville-Marie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Autoroute_Ville-Marie.jpg/250px-Autoroute_Ville-Marie.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Autoroute_Ville-Marie.jpg/375px-Autoroute_Ville-Marie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Autoroute_Ville-Marie.jpg/500px-Autoroute_Ville-Marie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2080" data-file-height="1544" /></a><figcaption>Ville-Marie Expressway, near <a href="/wiki/Old_Montreal" title="Old Montreal">Old Montreal</a></figcaption></figure> <p>An anomaly is that zero is the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">Saint Lawrence River</a> <i>and</i> the <a href="/wiki/Lachine_Canal" title="Lachine Canal">Lachine Canal</a>, so address numbers south of the canal begin at zero at the river, then increase toward the canal, and the canal resets the address grid back to zero. Charlevoix Street crosses the canal, and Atwater Avenue formerly also did (the portion to the south has now been renamed Thomas Keefer Street); as a result, addresses south of the canal on these two streets have a <a href="/wiki/Leading_zero" title="Leading zero">leading 0 (zero)</a> before the number to avoid repeating the same addresses that are used to the north. Therefore, 01000 Charlevoix Street is south of the canal, one block over from 1000 Hibernia; and 400 Charlevoix is north of it, one block over from 400 Lévis. </p><p>Other grid axes: </p> <ul><li><i>North-south streets, east side</i>: St-Denis 400, Atateken/Christophe-Colomb 1100, Papineau 1800, De Lorimier 2100, Pie-IX Blvd 4100, Honoré-Beaugrand 8000, St-Jean-Baptiste Blvd 12000, Rousselière 14000.</li> <li><i>North-south streets, west side</i>: St-Urbain 100, Park Avenue 300, Peel 1100, Atwater 3000, Décarie 5300, Cavendish 6500, Dollard 8800, Des Sources 11800, St-Charles 17000.</li> <li><i>East-west streets:</i> Notre-Dame 500, René-Lévesque Blvd 1150, Sainte-Catherine 1400, De Maisonneuve 2000, Sherbrooke 3400, Mont-Royal Avenue 4500, St-Joseph Blvd 5000, Beaubien 6500, Jean-Talon 7200, Jarry 8100, Henri-Bourassa 10700, De Salaberry 12000. Gouin Blvd, which follows the shore of Rivière des Prairies, is too <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/crook" class="extiw" title="wikt:crook">crooked</a> to have a constant grid <a href="/wiki/Reference" title="Reference">reference</a>.</li></ul> <p>The grid-axis system was introduced by the City of Montreal in the mid-1920s, but was not generally adopted by <a href="/wiki/Neighboring" class="mw-redirect" title="Neighboring">neighboring</a> <a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">towns</a>. Most on-island suburbs or <a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">boroughs</a> merged recently on the west side of the island still have separate numbering systems, though most streets that start in the 9 original boroughs continue the Montreal numbering beyond its old borders. The highest address in Montreal is 23000 Gouin Boulevard West in the borough of <a href="/wiki/Pierrefonds-Roxboro" title="Pierrefonds-Roxboro">Pierrefonds</a>, beyond which begins the separate system of <a href="/wiki/Senneville" title="Senneville">Senneville</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Street_naming">Street naming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Street naming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most streets in Montreal do not change name throughout their course, respecting their grid axis. Streets such as <a href="/wiki/Saint_Laurent_Boulevard" title="Saint Laurent Boulevard">Saint Laurent Boulevard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papineau_Avenue" title="Papineau Avenue">Papineau Ave.</a>, De Lorimier Ave. and <a href="/wiki/Pie-IX_Boulevard" title="Pie-IX Boulevard">Pie-IX Blvd.</a> have a foot in both rivers<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (August 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, and some street names are used for more than one section of street, despite gaps or interruptions. </p><p>There are a few notable exceptions which continue for historical reasons. A few north–south streets which begin in <a href="/wiki/Old_Montreal" title="Old Montreal">Old Montreal</a> change name at <a href="/wiki/Saint_Antoine_Street" title="Saint Antoine Street">Saint Antoine Street</a> (formerly Craig Street), site of the former city wall (Saint-Pierre → Bleury → <a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue,_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Park Avenue, Montreal">Park Avenue</a>, Bonsecours → <a href="/wiki/Saint_Denis_Street" title="Saint Denis Street">Saint-Denis</a>). Only one street changes name many times: <a href="/wiki/McGill_Street_(Montreal)" title="McGill Street (Montreal)">McGill Street</a> → <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Square,_Montreal" title="Victoria Square, Montreal">Square-Victoria Street</a> → Beaver Hall Hill → Frère-André Place → Phillips Place → Phillips Square → Aylmer St. </p><p>According to the rules of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/">Commission de toponymie du Québec</a>, the <a href="/wiki/French-language" class="mw-redirect" title="French-language">French-language</a> form of street names is the only official one, and is to be used in all languages: e.g. <i><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-des-Neiges_Road" title="Côte-des-Neiges Road">chemin de la Côte-des-Neiges</a></i>; <i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Catherine_Street" title="Saint Catherine Street">rue Sainte-Catherine</a></i>; <i>côte du Beaver Hall</i>. Most English speakers, however, use English generic equivalents such as "street" or "road", as do English-language media such as the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Gazette">Montreal Gazette</a>. Officially <a href="/wiki/Bilingual" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilingual">bilingual</a> boroughs have the right to use such names in official contexts, such as on street signs. In the past, a number of streets had both English and French names, such as "avenue du Parc" and "<a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue,_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Park Avenue, Montreal">Park Avenue</a>"; "rue de la Montagne" and "<a href="/wiki/Mountain_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain Street">Mountain Street</a>"; "rue Saint-Jacques" and "<a href="/wiki/Saint_Jacques_Street" title="Saint Jacques Street">Saint James Street</a>". Some of these names are still in common <a href="/wiki/Colloquial" class="mw-redirect" title="Colloquial">colloquial</a> use in English, and are perpetuated by the tourism industry. Many streets incorporate an English specific name into French, such as "<a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_Road_(Montreal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Mary Road (Montreal)">chemin Queen Mary</a>", "<a href="/wiki/University_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="University Street">rue University</a>", "<a href="/wiki/McGill_College_Avenue" title="McGill College Avenue">avenue McGill College</a>". There are also a few cases where two names are official, such as "chemin du Bord-du-Lac/Lakeshore Road". </p><p>In English, the pre-Francization names are still commonly used, thus, although only the French is 'official', in English one often hears names such as Park Avenue, <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain Street">Mountain Street</a>, Saint Lawrence Boulevard, <a href="/wiki/Pine_Avenue" title="Pine Avenue">Pine Avenue</a>, Saint John's Boulevard etc. Canada Post accepts the French specific with English generic, as in "de la Montagne Street" or "du Parc Avenue", although many such forms are never used in speaking. Another anomaly that typifies this kind of mixed <a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">heritage</a> and history is <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_L%C3%A9vesque_Boulevard" title="René Lévesque Boulevard">René Lévesque Boulevard</a>. Once called "Dorchester Boulevard" in its entirety, this long east–west street was renamed for Quebec former <a href="/wiki/Nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist">nationalist</a> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_L%C3%A9vesque" title="René Lévesque">René Lévesque</a>, except for sections that run through the very <a href="/wiki/English-speaking_Quebecker" class="mw-redirect" title="English-speaking Quebecker">Anglophone</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Westmount" title="Westmount">Westmount</a> and the separate independent city of <a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al-Est,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal-Est, Quebec">Montreal East</a>. However, the entire street is still sometimes referred to as "Dorchester." </p><p>It is useful to note that, in Montreal as in other cities, the generic is usually omitted in either language, so one would simply talk of Park (or Du Parc), Mountain (or De la Montagne), Saint Lawrence (or Saint Laurent), University, McGill College, Doctor Penfield, or Fairmount. This is mainly because a specific is almost never given to two streets. If <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/duplication" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:duplication">duplication</a> exists, they are always in different boroughs or towns and are retained for historical reasons. For example, Montreal's present 19 boroughs have 6 streets named "Victoria" (2 streets, 2 avenues, one court, and one square), and 9 more in on- or off-island suburbs. </p><p>In recent years Montreal and most of its suburbs have dispensed entirely with such generic and linguistically fraught terms on their street signage. In some heavily Anglophone suburbs, including Westmount and <a href="/wiki/Beaconsfield,_Quebec" title="Beaconsfield, Quebec">Beaconsfield</a>, the street signs now list the specific alone, e.g., "Claremont" instead of "Avenue Claremont" or "Claremont Avenue". <a href="/wiki/Hampstead,_Quebec" title="Hampstead, Quebec">Hampstead</a> is an unusual case: its signs are bilingual, and most streets in the town are designated as "rue" (street) in French but also "Road" in English.<sup id="cite_ref-Hampstead_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hampstead-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>List of streets </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">North–south </th> <th scope="col">East–west </th></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armand-Bombardier_Boulevard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armand-Bombardier Boulevard (page does not exist)">Armand-Bombardier Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atateken_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atateken Street (page does not exist)">Atateken Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atwater_Avenue" title="Atwater Avenue">Atwater Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beaudry_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beaudry Street (page does not exist)">Beaudry Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berri_Street" title="Berri Street">Berri Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Street" title="Bishop Street">Bishop Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavendish_Boulevard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cavendish Boulevard (page does not exist)">Cavendish Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Champlain_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Champlain Street (page does not exist)">Champlain Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clark_Street_(Montreal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clark Street (Montreal) (page does not exist)">Clark Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-des-Neiges_Road" title="Côte-des-Neiges Road">Côte-des-Neiges Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescent_Street" title="Crescent Street">Crescent Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Iberville_Street" title="D'Iberville Street">D'Iberville Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9carie_Boulevard" class="mw-redirect" title="Décarie Boulevard">Décarie Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_L%27Acadie_Boulevard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De L'Acadie Boulevard (page does not exist)">De L'Acadie Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_L%27Assomption_Boulevard" class="mw-redirect" title="De L'Assomption Boulevard">De L'Assomption Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Lorimier_Avenue" title="De Lorimier Avenue">De Lorimier Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drummond_Street,_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Drummond Street, Montreal">Drummond Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Street" title="Guy Street">Guy Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honor%C3%A9_Beaugrand_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Honoré Beaugrand Street (page does not exist)">Honoré Beaugrand Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacordaire_Boulevard" title="Lacordaire Boulevard">Lacordaire Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langelier_Boulevard" title="Langelier Boulevard">Langelier Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis-Hippolyte-Lafontaine_Boulevard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis-Hippolyte-Lafontaine Boulevard (page does not exist)">Louis-Hippolyte-Lafontaine Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacKay_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="MacKay Street">MacKay Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansfield_Street,_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mansfield Street, Montreal">Mansfield Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGill_College_Avenue" title="McGill College Avenue">McGill College Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGill_Street_(Montreal)" title="McGill Street (Montreal)">McGill Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metcalfe_Street_(Montreal)" title="Metcalfe Street (Montreal)">Metcalfe Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montcalm_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montcalm Street (page does not exist)">Montcalm Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain Street">Mountain Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panet_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panet Street (page does not exist)">Panet Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papineau_Avenue" title="Papineau Avenue">Papineau Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue,_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Park Avenue, Montreal">Park Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peel_Street,_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Peel Street, Montreal">Peel Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie-IX_Boulevard" title="Pie-IX Boulevard">Pie-IX Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plessis_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plessis Street (page does not exist)">Plessis Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Andre_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Andre Street (page does not exist)">Saint Andre Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Denis_Street" title="Saint Denis Street">Saint Denis Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Hubert_Street" title="Saint Hubert Street">Saint Hubert Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Michel_Boulevard_(Montreal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Michel Boulevard (Montreal)">Saint-Michel Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Timothee_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Timothee Street (page does not exist)">Saint Timothee Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Urbain_Street" title="Saint Urbain Street">Saint Urbain Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanguinet_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanguinet Street (page does not exist)">Sanguinet Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Street,_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanley Street, Montreal">Stanley Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Sources_Boulevard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Des Sources Boulevard (page does not exist)">Des Sources Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="University Street">University Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Avenue_(Montreal_and_Westmount)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victoria Avenue (Montreal and Westmount) (page does not exist)">Victoria Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visitation_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Visitation Street (page does not exist)">Visitation Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfe_Street,_Montreal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfe Street, Montreal (page does not exist)">Wolfe Street</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaubien_Street" title="Beaubien Street">Beaubien Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9langer_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bélanger Street (page does not exist)">Bélanger Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-Vertu_Boulevard" title="Côte-Vertu Boulevard">Côte-Vertu Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9mazie_Boulevard" class="mw-redirect" title="Crémazie Boulevard">Crémazie Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-de-Liesse_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Côte-de-Liesse Road">Côte-de-Liesse Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-Sainte-Catherine_Road" title="Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road">Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-St-Luc_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Côte-St-Luc Road">Côte-St-Luc Road</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Boulevard,_Montreal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Boulevard, Montreal (page does not exist)">The Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_la_Commune_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="De la Commune Street">De la Commune Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_la_Gaucheti%C3%A8re_Street" title="De la Gauchetière Street">De la Gauchetière Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_la_V%C3%A9rendrye_Boulevard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De la Vérendrye Boulevard (page does not exist)">De la Vérendrye Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Maisonneuve_Boulevard" title="De Maisonneuve Boulevard">De Maisonneuve Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Penfield_Avenue" title="Doctor Penfield Avenue">Doctor Penfield Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duluth_Avenue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duluth Avenue (page does not exist)">Duluth Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89douard-Montpetit_Boulevard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Édouard-Montpetit Boulevard (page does not exist)">Édouard-Montpetit Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fleury_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fleury Street (page does not exist)">Fleury Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouin_Boulevard" title="Gouin Boulevard">Gouin Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Bourassa_Boulevard" title="Henri Bourassa Boulevard">Henri Bourassa Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hochelaga_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hochelaga Street (page does not exist)">Hochelaga Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymus_Boulevard" class="mw-redirect" title="Hymus Boulevard">Hymus Boulevard</a></li> <li>Jarry Street</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Talon_Street" title="Jean Talon Street">Jean Talon Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakeshore_Road_(Montreal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lakeshore Road (Montreal) (page does not exist)">Lakeshore Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurier_Avenue_(Montreal)" title="Laurier Avenue (Montreal)">Laurier Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masson_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masson Street (page does not exist)">Masson Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkland_Avenue_(Montreal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Monkland Avenue (Montreal)">Monkland Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal_Avenue" title="Mount Royal Avenue">Mount Royal Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newman_Boulevard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newman Boulevard (page does not exist)">Newman Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_Street" title="Notre-Dame Street">Notre-Dame Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Street_(Montreal)" title="Ontario Street (Montreal)">Ontario Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Kennedy_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="President Kennedy Avenue">President Kennedy Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Avenue" title="Pine Avenue">Pine Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Arthur_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prince Arthur Street (page does not exist)">Prince Arthur Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_Road_(Montreal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Mary Road (Montreal)">Queen Mary Road</a></li> <li>Rachel Street</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_L%C3%A9vesque_Boulevard" title="René Lévesque Boulevard">René Lévesque Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Antoine_Street" title="Saint Antoine Street">Saint Antoine Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Catherine_Street" title="Saint Catherine Street">Saint Catherine Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Jacques_Street" title="Saint Jacques Street">Saint Jacques Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph_Boulevard" title="Saint Joseph Boulevard">Saint Joseph Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick_Street" title="Saint Patrick Street">Saint Patrick Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Saint-Paul_(Montreal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rue Saint-Paul (Montreal)">Rue Saint-Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Zotique_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Zotique Street (page does not exist)">Saint Zotique Street</a></li> <li>Sauvé Street</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherbrooke_Street" title="Sherbrooke Street">Sherbrooke Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somerled_Avenue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Somerled Avenue (page does not exist)">Somerled Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Horne_Avenue" title="Van Horne Avenue">Van Horne Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdun_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verdun Street (page does not exist)">Verdun Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Avenue_(Lachine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victoria Avenue (Lachine) (page does not exist)">Victoria Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viger_Avenue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viger Avenue (page does not exist)">Viger Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Street,_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wellington Street, Montreal">Wellington Street</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cycling">Cycling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Cycling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tour_la_Nuit_Montreal_2019_approaching_Olympic_Stadium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Tour_la_Nuit_Montreal_2019_approaching_Olympic_Stadium.jpg/220px-Tour_la_Nuit_Montreal_2019_approaching_Olympic_Stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Tour_la_Nuit_Montreal_2019_approaching_Olympic_Stadium.jpg/330px-Tour_la_Nuit_Montreal_2019_approaching_Olympic_Stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Tour_la_Nuit_Montreal_2019_approaching_Olympic_Stadium.jpg/440px-Tour_la_Nuit_Montreal_2019_approaching_Olympic_Stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption><i>Tour la Nuit</i> riders approach the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Montreal)" title="Olympic Stadium (Montreal)">Olympic Stadium</a>, 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>The Copenhagenize Index ranked Montreal in the world's top 20 cycling-friendly cities from 2011 to 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, a study reported Montreal as the city with the highest rate of cyclists, the most separated cycling lanes, and fewest cycling crashes in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is also known for its shared cycling services, such as the <a href="/wiki/BIXI_Montr%C3%A9al" title="BIXI Montréal">BIXI network</a>, and cycling events including Grand Prix Cycliste de Montréal and the annual mass group rides <i>Tour de l'île</i> and <i>Tour la Nuit</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cycling in Montreal began in the mid-1800s, with the establishment of several riding schools and the first Canadian cycling club, Montreal Bicycle Club, in 1878.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the invention of the safety bicycle around 1890, the worldwide bicycle craze swept Montreal, introducing more people to cycling and leading to the creation of more clubs and better cycling networks. </p><p>In the 1970s, the second bike boom occurred in North America. Accordingly, the activist group Le Monde à Bicyclette demanded the establishment of bicycle lanes and a bike-friendly bridge across the Saint Lawrence River.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city introduced its first bicycle lanes in 1985 and a bike-friendly bridge in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 1985, Vélo Québec launched the cycle parade Tour de L'île. The parade has since attracted thousands of cyclists annually and is slated to continue as of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, an average of 116,000 bicycle trips were made each day on the Island of Montreal, an increase of 57% from 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Montreal's cycling network had more than doubled in size over the past 25 years, increasing in density and accessibility to people from different backgrounds.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Montreal's_bikeway_network"><span id="Montreal.27s_bikeway_network"></span>Montreal's bikeway network</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Montreal's bikeway network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Montreal was the first Canadian city to install on-street <a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">cycling infrastructure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, Montreal had 850 kilometres of bikeway, with an average addition of 50 kilometres of new bikeway annually.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are four main types of bikeways: exclusive bike paths, bike lanes, designated shared roadways, and on-street paths. Exclusive bike paths, accounting for 37% of the network, are isolated from traffic, often by concrete barriers.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These lanes are installed primarily on wide avenues, and often consist of lower height traffic signs and special bike signals to protect cyclists from vehicular traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bike lanes, accounting for the second-largest share of the total network, are integrated within the roadway but are separated from traffic by small barriers and are at least 1 meter apart from vehicle lanes to ensure rider safety.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Designated shared roadways, accounting for 24% of the total bikeway network, are often found on narrow streets.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Designated shared roadways have no reserved bicycle lane, but priority is given to cyclists and speed is limited to less than 30 kilometres per hour to ensure rider safety.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On-street paths (paved shoulders) are unique from separated bike lanes, as there is no buffer distance between vehicular traffic and riders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cross-river_cycling">Cross-river cycling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Cross-river cycling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Jacques Cartier Bridge bike path connects the Island of Montreal with the South Shore of the Saint-Lawrence River. However, the winter closure of the bike path between November and March has caused inconvenience for commuting cyclists. Beginning in ate 2019, operators of the bridge announced a pilot project with 25 daily participants to test the feasibility of opening the path to the public throughout the winter.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shared_bicycle_services">Shared bicycle services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Shared bicycle services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bixi_Rene-Levesque_Beaudry.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bixi_Rene-Levesque_Beaudry.JPG/220px-Bixi_Rene-Levesque_Beaudry.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bixi_Rene-Levesque_Beaudry.JPG/330px-Bixi_Rene-Levesque_Beaudry.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bixi_Rene-Levesque_Beaudry.JPG/440px-Bixi_Rene-Levesque_Beaudry.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>A BIXI station at boulevard René-Lévesque and rue Beaudry.</figcaption></figure> <p>Montreal has one of the most innovative <a href="/wiki/Bicycle-sharing_system" title="Bicycle-sharing system">bicycle-sharing systems</a> in the world (Austen, 2015). In 2009, the city launched the <a href="/wiki/BIXI_Montr%C3%A9al" title="BIXI Montréal">BIXI network</a> with 3,000 bicycles and 300 stations, one of the first docked cycling-sharing systems in North America.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2020, 610 BIXI stations have been installed across 17 boroughs and 3 cities (Westmount, the Town of Mount Royal, and Laval), with 7,270 regular bikes and 160 electric bikes. An additional 1,000 e-bicycles will be added to the network throughout summer 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unlocking fee is $0.50 and $0.10 per minute, and yearly memberships cost $99<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In total, over 44 million BIXI trips have been made in the city since the network's inception.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, Uber launched a pilot project of its dockless “JUMP” electrical bicycles in Montreal, the first of its kind in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> JUMP bicycles can be dropped off anywhere there is a bicycle rack, are unlocked using Uber's smartphone application, and cost 30 cents per minute of usage.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:13_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, there were approximately 1,000 JUMP bicycles in the city. Usage patterns of JUMP bicycles differed from BIXIs in 2019, with an estimated 28,000 trips in July 2019, compared to over 1.1 million BIXI trips in the same month.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the ban on other forms of shared e-scooters in summer 2020, JUMP bicycles are slated to return to Montreal's streets this year, but the city will charge a higher cost to Uber to obtain operating permits.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:13_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Time_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Magazine">Time Magazine</a></i> named the bike rental system #19 in Time's Top 50 Inventions of 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bike rentals are also available at the <a href="/wiki/Old_Port_of_Montreal" title="Old Port of Montreal">Old Port of Montreal</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Quadracycle" title="Quadracycle">quadricycles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inline_skates" title="Inline skates">inline skates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_trailer" title="Bicycle trailer">children trailers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Segway_PT" class="mw-redirect" title="Segway PT">Segways</a>. The system was created to offer an attractive and easy-to-use option that complements existing public transportation networks for those seeking an urban alternative to traditional fuel-powered vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-bixistat_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bixistat-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Réseau_Express_Vélo_(REV)"><span id="R.C3.A9seau_Express_V.C3.A9lo_.28REV.29"></span>Réseau Express Vélo (REV)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Réseau Express Vélo (REV)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_Express_V%C3%A9lo" class="mw-redirect" title="Réseau Express Vélo">Réseau Express Vélo</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_Million_de_gens_sur_le_REV_Saint-Denis_et_Bellechasse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/1_Million_de_gens_sur_le_REV_Saint-Denis_et_Bellechasse.jpg/220px-1_Million_de_gens_sur_le_REV_Saint-Denis_et_Bellechasse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/1_Million_de_gens_sur_le_REV_Saint-Denis_et_Bellechasse.jpg/330px-1_Million_de_gens_sur_le_REV_Saint-Denis_et_Bellechasse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/1_Million_de_gens_sur_le_REV_Saint-Denis_et_Bellechasse.jpg/440px-1_Million_de_gens_sur_le_REV_Saint-Denis_et_Bellechasse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Cyclists on the REV in 2021 at the corner of Saint-Denis and Bellechasse.</figcaption></figure> <p>On May 27, 2019, Mayor Valérie Plante announced the Réseau Express Vélo (REV). The initiative will bring 184 kilometres of new, protected bike routes to the streets of Montreal; see Figure 2 for the proposed network.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plans boast elevated bikeways, priority traffic lights, and concrete borders separating cyclists from automobiles for improved safety.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This network will ensure that 44% of Montrealers live within 500 metres of new bicycle infrastructure (Jadah, 2019). The transitional period will feature the “installation of a physical separation barrier, securing of intersections and synchronization of lights, visual signature and signage for cyclists” while long-term permanent construction continues simultaneously.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No timeline for the project's final completion has been announced.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Community_response_to_REV">Community response to REV</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Community response to REV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Local activists have questioned Mayor Plante's commitment to prioritizing cycling infrastructure, asserting that “there is no sense of urgency”, per Daniel Lambert of the Montreal Bike Coalition.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Community groups say that the $15 million allocated for funding in 2019 is “nowhere near what the city should be investing to respond to the climate crisis and meet its own goals to get significant numbers of Montrealers out of their cars and onto bicycles”.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, intense criticisms of the 26 kilometres of new bikeways in 2019-2020 have arisen in comparison to the average of 46 kilometres of bikeways per year implemented between 2008 and 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marianne Giguère, the city's associate executive committee member responsible for active transit, has stated that this decision is evidence of a shifted focus towards “security and finding ways to separate bikes from traffic”.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city continues to work with activist groups to promote bike safety and improve infrastructure. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Walking_and_Walkability">Walking and Walkability</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Walking and Walkability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Tone plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Tone" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section's <b>tone or style may not reflect the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">encyclopedic tone</a> used on Wikipedia</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> See Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">guide to writing better articles</a> for suggestions.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Walkability" title="Walkability">Walkability</a> is a measure of how pedestrian-friendly an area is. Numerous factors influence walkability such as street infrastructure, safety measures and mixed land use. Benefits include positive contributions to health and happiness, the environment, and socioeconomic factors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Active transportation, including walking, accounted for 15% of trips in Montreal in 2013, an increase of 9.1% from 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest increase was observed in neighbourhoods near the city centre.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Based on ease of access to errands by foot,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Montreal is ranked by Walk Score as the second-most walkable city in Canada, with inner-city neighbourhoods such as Plateau Mont-Royal, Outremont and Ville-Marie obtaining the highest marks.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Montreal is also home to around 50 car-free streets <sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and one of the world's largest indoor pedestrian networks, improving access by foot to the downtown area.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Challenges">Challenges</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Challenges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A key challenge to walkability in Montreal is safety, with 19 pedestrians killed by drivers of motor vehicles in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Policymakers have responded by investing in improved pedestrian signals and by modifying traffic speeds and rights-of-way.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Plateau Mont-Royal, Mayor Luc Ferrandez has gone further and cooperated with other boroughs to unveil a comprehensive action plan to prevent accidents.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Montreal has 122,600 people with limited mobility, who face special challenges.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For these individuals, pedestrian-oriented infrastructure such as sidewalk cafés can limit mobility by blocking sidewalk access. </p><p>Another challenge to walkability is higher precipitation or wind speeds in the winter months, which has a strong negative effect on pedestrian count.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Montreal almost implemented heated sidewalks on St. Catherine street to combat the winter weather, but eventually decided against it, due to costs.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Montreal's underground city allows pedestrians to be protected from the weather while they walk from metro stops to some downtown buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Increasing_walkability">Increasing walkability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Increasing walkability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Walkability can be improved by ensuring:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup"><span title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">Is this at all specific to Montreal?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li>Pedestrians are the main priority <sup id="cite_ref-:0_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Safe, attractive, and highly connected pedestrian circulation <sup id="cite_ref-:1_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Denser neighbourhoods with mixed uses that support public activity <sup id="cite_ref-:1_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_78-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Transit networks that are alongside highly walkable areas <sup id="cite_ref-:1_79-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_78-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Complete streets that support multiple modes of transport <sup id="cite_ref-:2_80-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_78-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Limited, higher-priced curbside parking and hidden parking lots <sup id="cite_ref-:0_78-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plans_that_promote_walkability">Plans that promote walkability</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Plans that promote walkability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following are some of the plans implemented in Montreal that focus on increasing walkability: </p> <ul><li>Plan de Transport (2008) - Reduced the dependence on automobiles and focus on active modes of transportation.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Plan D'Action en Accessibilité Universelle de la Ville de Montréal (2015-2018) - Pushed for universal accessibility especially for people with functional limitations<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (August 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Politique de Stationnement (2016) - Introduced a new parking pricing approach, to create an environment that supports more sustainable mobility, and created a government body to manage parking.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Plan D'Action Montréal Physiquement Active (2014-2025) - Push for compact urban areas, more pedestrian networks, and safer cycling routes to promote a more active lifestyle.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Vision Zéro (2019-2021) - Aim to reduce the number of deaths and serious injuries on the road to zero.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Benefits">Benefits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Benefits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Health">Health</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Health benefits arise from nutritious food accessibility, high urban density, and physical activity.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, walkability benefits seniors experiencing a decrease in mobility post retirement.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Food access: Montreal ranks as the second Canadian city for widespread food insecurities and has a high number of food deserts, with a relatively high proportion of the population unable to access fresh food within a 500m radius.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having affordable healthy food within a walkable distance improves its inhabitants’ health potential.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  Indeed, the spatial unattainability of nutritious food is one of the leading causes of obesity in North America and "in 2007, the obesity rate of Montreal adults was 14.8%, compared with 11.8% in Toronto and 8.6% in Vancouver".<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Cardiovascular health & Obesity: Urban environments such as parks and green spaces can passively or intentionally stimulate the cardiovascular system leading to reduced obesity and an overall healthier and longer life.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contrary to gyms, these spaces are accessible to the whole socioeconomic spectrum, making shorter distances to such settings essential for the population's health.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mount-Royal park's immense size and central geographic position permit accessibility to a significant number of inhabitants. However, smaller parks are not found equally throughout Montreal. The future burden of chronic disease from obesity lies in Canadians with average BMI, and thereby a walkable environment benefits the greater number.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Densely built neighbourhoods reduce physical inactivity since motorized commuting is unnecessary.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Montreal is an island-city, thereby has a low index of urban sprawl. Besides its center, it possesses many dense mixed land-use neighbourhoods such as the Plateau and the Mile-End, which favour daily cardiovascular activity.</li> <li>Seniors: Walking is the main physical activity in the senior population of Montreal (individuals over the age of 65), decreasing the likelihood of physical and mental health issues.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Walkability for seniors is influenced by physical mobility, individual abilities and spatial accessibility.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Locations that exhibit greater walkability have more crosswalks, four-way intersections and limited dead-ends. Research shows that regions in Greater Montreal that have stronger walkability to grocery stores, have improved independent ageing for seniors, meaning their autonomy to carry out essential tasks safely is prioritized.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_86-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further research is needed to make regions more age-friendly, especially for seniors since walking is a key factor in improving the quality of life due to the health benefits of remaining physically active.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Environment">Environment</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Montreal has 17 large parks, representing a combined area of 4900 acres.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Green spaces like Jean Drapeau Park and Bois-de-l'Île-Bizard Nature Park promote walkability through the addition of pedestrian safe zones. In July 2016, there was an estimated 1.7 °C difference between “Car-Dependent” and “Walkers’ Paradise” neighbourhoods in Montreal, revealing that regions with increased walkability had lower urban air pollution and air temperatures due to less vehicle emissions.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To further mitigate increasing temperatures, Saint Michel, Montreal has a plan by 2032 to plant new vegetation (i.e. trees) to promote walkability by cooling pedestrian walkways, benefiting the environment through carbon sequestration. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Socioeconomic">Socioeconomic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Socioeconomic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Montreal, walking behaviour between regions varies due to socioeconomic factors like education level, employment and income. Research shows that low-income individuals in Montreal live in regions with less walkability due to a lack of infrastructure including pedestrian lanes and proper street lighting.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, overall walkability increases access to local businesses, thus promoting social interactions. Increasing urban development in tourist destinations like Old Montreal will subsequently increase walkability and attract more tourists and locals, promoting economic growth.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cars_for_tourists">Cars for tourists</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Cars for tourists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For people who need a car for a short term, Montreal has auto sharing and car rental services, with offices of <a href="/wiki/Hertz_Car_Sales" title="Hertz Car Sales">Hertz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enterprise_Rent-A-Car" title="Enterprise Rent-A-Car">Enterprise</a> etc. There are also taxis for transport in the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marine">Marine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Marine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region of Montreal is centred upon the <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Montreal" title="Island of Montreal">Island of Montreal</a>, part of an <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">Saint Lawrence River</a>. As a result, marine transportation has been integral to the region's history. The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Montreal" title="Port of Montreal">Port of Montreal</a> is one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Inland_port" title="Inland port">inland ports</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Port_of_Montreal_About_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Port_of_Montreal_About-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Montreal also sits at the head of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_Seaway" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence Seaway">Saint Lawrence Seaway</a>, a waterway that allows ocean-going vessels to travel as far as <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a> and beyond. The Seaway replaced the earlier <a href="/wiki/Lachine_Canal" title="Lachine Canal">Lachine Canal</a> which was the first facility that allowed boats to bypass the <a href="/wiki/Lachine_Rapids" title="Lachine Rapids">Lachine Rapids</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plug-in_electric_vehicles_in_Quebec#Montreal" title="Plug-in electric vehicles in Quebec">Plug-in electric vehicles in Quebec § Montreal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Air_Canada_Centre-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Air_Canada_Centre_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aircanada.com/en/about/acfamily/index.html">"Air Canada Corporate Profile"</a>. <i>www.aircanada.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aircanada.com&rft.atitle=Air+Canada+Corporate+Profile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aircanada.com%2Fen%2Fabout%2Facfamily%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransportation+in+Montreal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Air_Transat_Head_Office-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Air_Transat_Head_Office_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airtransat.ca/en/6_2.asp">"Contact Us - Air Transat"</a>. <i>Air Transat</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Air+Transat&rft.atitle=Contact+Us+-+Air+Transat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airtransat.ca%2Fen%2F6_2.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransportation+in+Montreal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Last_passengers_leave_Mirabel,_Nov_1_2004-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Last_passengers_leave_Mirabel,_Nov_1_2004_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050315102809/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1099074224073_94483424/?hub=CTVNewsAt11">"CTV.ca - Mirabel airport bids final passengers farewell"</a>. <i>ctv.ca</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1099074224073_94483424/?hub=CTVNewsAt11">the original</a> on March 15, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ctv.ca&rft.atitle=CTV.ca+-+Mirabel+airport+bids+final+passengers+farewell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctv.ca%2Fservlet%2FArticleNews%2Fstory%2FCTVNews%2F1099074224073_94483424%2F%3Fhub%3DCTVNewsAt11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransportation+in+Montreal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-medivac-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-medivac_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canada.com/montrealgazette/news/story.html?id=d84a7648-6515-4b48-ae49-357a337229da">"canada.com - Page Not Found"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2018</span> – via Canada.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=canada.com+-+Page+Not+Found&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.com%2Fmontrealgazette%2Fnews%2Fstory.html%3Fid%3Dd84a7648-6515-4b48-ae49-357a337229da&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransportation+in+Montreal" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite uses generic title (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-flight1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-flight1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080930095910/http://lapresseaffaires.cyberpresse.ca/article/20070514/LAINFORMER/705140647">"Mirabel redécolle"</a>. <i>cyberpresse.ca</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lapresseaffaires.cyberpresse.ca/article/20070514/LAINFORMER/705140647">the original</a> on 30 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cyberpresse.ca&rft.atitle=Mirabel+red%C3%A9colle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flapresseaffaires.cyberpresse.ca%2Farticle%2F20070514%2FLAINFORMER%2F705140647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransportation+in+Montreal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fleet-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fleet_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071129235051/http://www.helibellule.ca/en/flotte.php?laSection=3&intro=1">"Hélibellule fleet"</a>. <i>helibellule.ca</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.helibellule.ca/en/flotte.php?laSection=3&intro=1">the original</a> on 29 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=helibellule.ca&rft.atitle=H%C3%A9libellule+fleet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.helibellule.ca%2Fen%2Fflotte.php%3FlaSection%3D3%26intro%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransportation+in+Montreal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linfonet.com/articles/nordinfo/070908/art14/index.html">Hélibellule fait revivre le transport des passagers à Mirabel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080315072339/http://www.linfonet.com/articles/nordinfo/070908/art14/index.html">Archived</a> March 15, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://calgaryherald.com/Business/loses+title+third+busiest+airport+expects+further+traffic+decline/1499974/story.html">https://calgaryherald.com/Business/loses+title+third+busiest+airport+expects+further+traffic+decline/1499974/story.html</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2022">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017210213/http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a47">"Air Passenger Traffic and Flights"</a>. <i>Statistics Canada</i>. July 28, 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a47">the original</a> on 2013-10-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gateway+to+North+America&rft.pub=Port+of+Montreal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.port-montreal.com%2Fsite%2F1_0%2F1_1.jsp%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransportation+in+Montreal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportation_in_Montreal&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.montrealroads.com/">MontrealRoads.com by Steve Anderson</a> (English)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_of_Montreal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Montreal" title="Template:Montreal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Montreal" title="Template talk:Montreal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Montreal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Montreal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_of_Montreal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">City of Montreal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Montreal" title="Coat of arms of Montreal">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Montreal" title="Demographics of Montreal">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Montreal" title="Flag of Montreal">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Montreal" title="Name of Montreal">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Montreal" title="List of people from Montreal">Notable Montrealers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal#Sister_cities" title="Montreal">Sister cities</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Montreal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag of Montreal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Montreal.svg/100px-Flag_of_Montreal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Montreal.svg/150px-Flag_of_Montreal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Montreal.svg/200px-Flag_of_Montreal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="217" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Montreal" title="History of Montreal">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expo_67" title="Expo 67">Expo 67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochelaga_(village)" title="Hochelaga (village)">Hochelaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Montreal" title="List of mayors of Montreal">Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_District" title="Montreal District">Montreal District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Metropolitan_Commission" title="Montreal Metropolitan Commission">Montreal Metropolitan Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Urban_Community" title="Montreal Urban Community">Montreal Urban Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Montreal" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Montreal">National Historic Sites of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Crisis" title="October Crisis">October Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_buildings_and_structures_in_Montreal" title="List of oldest buildings and structures in Montreal">Oldest buildings and structures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%9306_municipal_reorganization_of_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="2002–06 municipal reorganization of Montreal">2002–06 reorganization of Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">1976 Summer Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Montreal_history" title="Timeline of Montreal history">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Montreal" title="Geography of Montreal">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Montreal" title="Downtown Montreal">Downtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Montreal" title="Greater Montreal">Greater Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochelaga_Archipelago" title="Hochelaga Archipelago">Hochelaga Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landmarks_of_Montreal" title="Landmarks of Montreal">Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal" title="Mount Royal">Mount Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_neighbourhoods_in_Montreal" title="List of neighbourhoods in Montreal">Neighbourhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Port_of_Montreal" title="Old Port of Montreal">Old Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_Montreal" title="List of parks in Montreal">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re_des_Prairies" title="Rivière des Prairies">Rivière des Prairies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">Saint Lawrence River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Island" title="West Island">West Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al_2025" title="Montréal 2025">Montréal 2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Montreal" title="Economy of Montreal">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Trade_of_Metropolitan_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of Trade of Metropolitan Montreal">Board of Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Exchange" title="Montreal Exchange">Montreal Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_L%C3%A9vesque_Boulevard" title="René Lévesque Boulevard">René Lévesque Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Jacques_Street" title="Saint Jacques Street">Saint Jacques Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Montreal" title="List of tallest buildings in Montreal">Skyscrapers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Montreal" title="Politics of Montreal">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_Montreal" title="Boroughs of Montreal">Boroughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_City_Council" title="Montreal City Council">City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Montreal_municipal_elections" title="List of Montreal municipal elections">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Montreal" title="Mayor of Montreal">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_government_of_Montreal" title="Municipal government of Montreal">Municipal government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_Official_Opposition_(Montreal)" title="List of leaders of the Official Opposition (Montreal)">Opposition leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_political_parties_in_Montreal" title="Municipal political parties in Montreal">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urgences-sant%C3%A9" title="Urgences-santé">Urgences-santé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_de_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_incendie_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Service de sécurité incendie de Montréal">Service de sécurité incendie de Montréal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Montreal" title="List of hospitals in Montreal">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_de_police_de_la_Ville_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Service de police de la Ville de Montréal">Service de police de la Ville de Montréal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Montreal" title="Education in Montreal">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">English-language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Montreal_School_Board" title="English Montreal School Board">English Montreal SB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson_School_Board" title="Lester B. Pearson School Board">Lester B. Pearson SB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordia_University" title="Concordia University">Concordia University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French-language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_de_services_scolaire_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Centre de services scolaire de Montréal">CSS de Montréal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_de_services_scolaire_Marguerite-Bourgeoys" title="Centre de services scolaire Marguerite-Bourgeoys">CSS Marguerite-Bourgeoys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_de_services_scolaire_de_la_Pointe-de-l%27%C3%8Ele" title="Centre de services scolaire de la Pointe-de-l'Île">CSS de la Pointe-de-l'Île</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_de_technologie_sup%C3%A9rieure" title="École de technologie supérieure">École de technologie supérieure</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Université de Montréal">Université de Montréal</a></span></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_du_Qu%C3%A9bec_%C3%A0_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Université du Québec à Montréal">Université du Québec à Montréal</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Public_Libraries_Network" title="Montreal Public Libraries Network">Montreal Public Libraries Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Public_Library_(Montreal)" title="Jewish Public Library (Montreal)">Jewish Public Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Montreal" title="Culture of Montreal">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Montreal" title="Architecture of Montreal">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Montreal#Cuisine" title="Culture of Montreal">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festivals_and_parades_in_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Festivals and parades in Montreal">Festivals and parades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_in_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal in films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Montreal" title="Media in Montreal">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Montreal" title="List of museums in Montreal">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Montreal_music_groups" title="List of Montreal music groups">Music groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="List of shopping malls in Montreal">Shopping malls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Montreal" title="Sports in Montreal">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Montreal" title="Tourism in Montreal">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport in Montreal">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9roports_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Aéroports de Montréal">Aéroports de Montréal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_to_the_Island_of_Montreal" title="List of bridges to the Island of Montreal">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Central_Station" title="Montreal Central Station">Central Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gare_d%27autocars_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Gare d'autocars de Montréal">Gare d'autocars de Montréal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Metro" title="Montreal Metro">Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al%E2%80%93Pierre_Elliott_Trudeau_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport">Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Montreal" title="Port of Montreal">Port of Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_de_transport_m%C3%A9tropolitain" class="mw-redirect" title="Réseau de transport métropolitain">Réseau de transport métropolitain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_roads_in_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="List of roads in Montreal">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_transport_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Société de transport de Montréal">Société de transport de Montréal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Montreal" title="Category:Montreal">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Streets_in_Montreal" title="Template:Streets in Montreal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Streets_in_Montreal" title="Template talk:Streets in Montreal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Streets_in_Montreal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Streets in Montreal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Roads,_bridges_and_tunnels_in_Montreal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Roads, <a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_to_the_Island_of_Montreal" title="List of bridges to the Island of Montreal">bridges</a> and tunnels in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North–south streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boulevard_Saint-Charles" title="Boulevard Saint-Charles">Boulevard Saint-Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulevard_Saint-Jean" title="Boulevard Saint-Jean">Boulevard Saint-Jean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulevard_Des_Sources" title="Boulevard Des Sources">Boulevard Des Sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Route_117" title="Quebec Route 117">Laurentian Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9carie_Boulevard" class="mw-redirect" title="Décarie Boulevard">Décarie Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene_Avenue_(Montreal)" title="Greene Avenue (Montreal)">Greene Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atwater_Avenue" title="Atwater Avenue">Atwater Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-des-Neiges_Road" title="Côte-des-Neiges Road">Côte-des-Neiges Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Street" title="Guy Street">Guy Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackay_Street" title="Mackay Street">Mackay Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Street" title="Bishop Street">Bishop Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescent_Street" title="Crescent Street">Crescent Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_la_Montagne_Street" title="De la Montagne Street">Mountain Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drummond_Street_(Montreal)" title="Drummond Street (Montreal)">Drummond Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Street_(Montreal)" title="Stanley Street (Montreal)">Stanley Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peel_Street_(Montreal)" title="Peel Street (Montreal)">Peel Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metcalfe_Street_(Montreal)" title="Metcalfe Street (Montreal)">Metcalfe Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McTavish_Street" title="McTavish Street">McTavish Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansfield_Street_(Montreal)" title="Mansfield Street (Montreal)">Mansfield Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGill_College_Avenue" title="McGill College Avenue">McGill College Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert-Bourassa_Boulevard_%E2%80%94_University_Street" title="Robert-Bourassa Boulevard — University Street">Robert-Bourassa Boulevard / University Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGill_Street_(Montreal)" title="McGill Street (Montreal)">McGill Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_(Montreal)" title="Park Avenue (Montreal)">Park Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne-Mance_Street" title="Jeanne-Mance Street">Jeanne-Mance Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Urbain_Street" title="Saint Urbain Street">Saint Urbain Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Laurent_Boulevard" title="Saint Laurent Boulevard">Saint Laurent Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Denis_Street" title="Saint Denis Street">Saint Denis Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berri_Street" title="Berri Street">Berri Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Hubert_Street" title="Saint Hubert Street">Saint Hubert Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Colomb_Avenue" title="Christophe Colomb Avenue">Christophe Colomb Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papineau_Avenue" title="Papineau Avenue">Papineau Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Lorimier_Avenue" title="De Lorimier Avenue">De Lorimier Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Iberville_Street" title="D'Iberville Street">D'Iberville Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Michel_Boulevard_(Montreal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Michel Boulevard (Montreal)">Saint-Michel Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie-IX_Boulevard" title="Pie-IX Boulevard">Pie-IX Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacordaire_Boulevard" title="Lacordaire Boulevard">Lacordaire Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_L%27Assomption_Boulevard" class="mw-redirect" title="De L'Assomption Boulevard">De L'Assomption Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langelier_Boulevard" title="Langelier Boulevard">Langelier Boulevard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East–west streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_la_Commune" title="Rue de la Commune">Rue de la Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Street_(Montreal)" title="Wellington Street (Montreal)">Wellington Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick_Street" title="Saint Patrick Street">Saint Patrick Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul_Street_(Montreal)" title="Saint-Paul Street (Montreal)">Saint-Paul Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_Street" title="Notre-Dame Street">Notre-Dame Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Jacques_Street" title="Saint Jacques Street">Saint Jacques Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Antoine_Street" title="Saint Antoine Street">Saint Antoine Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_la_Gaucheti%C3%A8re_Street" title="De la Gauchetière Street">De la Gauchetière Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_L%C3%A9vesque_Boulevard" title="René Lévesque Boulevard">René Lévesque Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Catherine_Street" title="Saint Catherine Street">Saint Catherine Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Maisonneuve_Boulevard" title="De Maisonneuve Boulevard">De Maisonneuve Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Street_(Montreal)" title="Ontario Street (Montreal)">Ontario Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherbrooke_Street" title="Sherbrooke Street">Sherbrooke Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Penfield_Avenue" title="Doctor Penfield Avenue">Doctor Penfield Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Avenue" title="Pine Avenue">Pine Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal_Avenue" title="Mount Royal Avenue">Mount Royal Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph_Boulevard" title="Saint Joseph Boulevard">Saint Joseph Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurier_Avenue_(Montreal)" title="Laurier Avenue (Montreal)">Laurier Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-Saint-Luc_Road" title="Côte-Saint-Luc Road">Côte-Saint-Luc Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_Road" title="Queen Mary Road">Queen Mary Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-Sainte-Catherine_Road" title="Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road">Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaubien_Street" title="Beaubien Street">Beaubien Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Horne_Avenue" title="Van Horne Avenue">Van Horne Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Talon_Street" title="Jean Talon Street">Jean Talon Street</a></li> <li>Jarry Street</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-Vertu_Boulevard" title="Côte-Vertu Boulevard">Côte-Vertu Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Bourassa_Boulevard" title="Henri Bourassa Boulevard">Henri Bourassa Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrefonds_Boulevard" title="Pierrefonds Boulevard">Pierrefonds Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouin_Boulevard" title="Gouin Boulevard">Gouin Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaSalle_Boulevard" title="LaSalle Boulevard">LaSalle Boulevard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autoroutes_of_Quebec" title="Autoroutes of Quebec">Expressways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_10" title="Quebec Autoroute 10">A-10 (Bonaventure)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_13" title="Quebec Autoroute 13">A-13 (Chomedey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_15" title="Quebec Autoroute 15">A-15 (Décarie / Des Laurentides)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_19" title="Quebec Autoroute 19">A-19 (Papineau)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_20" title="Quebec Autoroute 20">A-20 (Du Souvenir)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_25" title="Quebec Autoroute 25">A-25 (Louis-H.-Lafontaine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_40" title="Quebec Autoroute 40">A-40 (Metropolitan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_520" title="Quebec Autoroute 520">A-520 (Côte-de-Liesse)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9carie_Interchange" title="Décarie Interchange">Décarie Interchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turcot_Interchange" title="Turcot Interchange">Turcot Interchange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Quebec_provincial_highways" title="List of Quebec provincial highways">Highways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Route_112" title="Quebec Route 112">Route 112 (Bridge / Mountain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Route_117" title="Quebec Route 117">Route 117 (Laurentian / Marcel Laurin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Route_125" title="Quebec Route 125">Route 125 (Pie-IX)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Route_134" title="Quebec Route 134">Route 134 (Papineau / De Lorimier)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Route_136_(Montreal)" title="Quebec Route 136 (Montreal)">Route 136 (Ville-Marie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Route_138" title="Quebec Route 138">Route 138 (Sherbrooke / Saint-Jacques)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Route_335" title="Quebec Route 335">Route 335 (Saint-Denis / Lajeunesse)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_to_the_Island_of_Montreal" title="List of bridges to the Island of Montreal">Bridges and tunnels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel-De_Champlain_Bridge" title="Samuel-De Champlain Bridge">Samuel-De Champlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle_Bridge" title="Charles de Gaulle Bridge">Charles de Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galipeault_Bridge" title="Galipeault Bridge">Galipeault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Mercier_Bridge" title="Honoré Mercier Bridge">Honoré Mercier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier_Bridge" title="Jacques Cartier Bridge">Jacques Cartier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_aux_Tourtes_Bridge" title="Île aux Tourtes Bridge">Île aux Tourtes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Hippolyte_Lafontaine_Bridge%E2%80%93Tunnel" title="Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine Bridge–Tunnel">Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bisson_Bridge" title="Louis Bisson Bridge">Louis Bisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Martin_Bridge" title="Médéric Martin Bridge">Médéric Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier-Charbonneau_Bridge" title="Olivier-Charbonneau Bridge">Olivier-Charbonneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papineau-Leblanc_Bridge" title="Papineau-Leblanc Bridge">Papineau-Leblanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie_IX_Bridge" title="Pie IX Bridge">Pie IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Gardeur_Bridge" title="Le Gardeur Bridge">Le Gardeur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viau_Bridge" title="Viau Bridge">Viau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Route_136_(Montreal)" title="Quebec Route 136 (Montreal)">Ville-Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Bridge_(Montreal)" title="Victoria Bridge (Montreal)">Victoria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> 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