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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="sLueZkfWhdg6fZiohzpfsp0MG5SzcJIG0cZWrzngWttU6ygvj+SyhChKOgOeQlbT8jVbWYLcT7q071yRycEE5w==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="The problem of Armenian origins" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2018/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Armen Petrosyan" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/72695380/The_problem_of_Armenian_origins" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="The problem of Armenian origins" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Petrosyan examines the amalgam of linguistic, archaeological, mythological and historical evidence that bears on the origins of the Armenian people. He surveys and deconstructs the foundation myths of the Armenian people and their neighbors. He" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/3433764/1169067/1465487/s200_armen.petrosyan.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="book" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/72695380/The_problem_of_Armenian_origins" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The problem of Armenian origins" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-book.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Petrosyan examines the amalgam of linguistic, archaeological, mythological and historical evidence that bears on the origins of the Armenian people. He surveys and deconstructs the foundation myths of the Armenian people and their neighbors. He" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://sci.academia.edu/ArmenPetrosyan" /> <meta name="description" content="Petrosyan examines the amalgam of linguistic, archaeological, mythological and historical evidence that bears on the origins of the Armenian people. He surveys and deconstructs the foundation myths of the Armenian people and their neighbors. He" /> <title>(PDF) The problem of Armenian origins | Armen Petrosyan - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/72695380/The_problem_of_Armenian_origins" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '9387f500ddcbb8d05c67bef28a2fe0334f1aafb8'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1733053943000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1733053943000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Petrosyan examines the amalgam of linguistic, archaeological, mythological and historical evidence that bears on the origins of the Armenian people. He surveys and deconstructs the foundation myths of the Armenian people and their neighbors. He examines the written evidence of the various peoples who occupied the Armenian highlands and discusses the conflicting evidence for a traditional center in the Ayrarat region while the main cult centers appear to have been in Upper Armenia. He locates the Armenians in the overall network of ethnic and linguistic entities that flourished in the multi-ethnic Urartian empire. Finally the author surveys and assesses the variety of solutions to solve the problem of Armenian origins.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Armen Petrosyan"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-03-01","dateModified":"2022-03-01","datePublished":"2018-01-01","headline":"The problem of Armenian origins","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["History","Ancient History","Ethnic Studies","Armenian Studies","Ancient Indo-European Languages","Indo-European Studies","Oral history","Armenian History","Ancient Near East","Ancient Near Eastern Languages","Ethnicity","Indo-European Linguistics","Armenian Language","Prehistory","Ancient Near Eastern History","Ancient Near Eastern Studies","Urartu","Ethnogenesis","Ethnicity and National Identity","Near Eastern Languages and 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window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":72695380,"created_at":"2022-03-01T08:49:13.066-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2022-03-21T23:37:54.793-07:00","_data":{"abstract":"Petrosyan examines the amalgam of linguistic, archaeological, mythological and historical evidence that bears on the origins of the Armenian people. He surveys and deconstructs the foundation myths of the Armenian people and their neighbors. He examines the written evidence of the various peoples who occupied the Armenian highlands and discusses the conflicting evidence for a traditional center in the Ayrarat region while the main cult centers appear to have been in Upper Armenia. He locates the Armenians in the overall network of ethnic and linguistic entities that flourished in the multi-ethnic Urartian empire. Finally the author surveys and assesses the variety of solutions to solve the problem of Armenian origins.","publication_date":"2018,,"},"document_type":"book","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"low","language":"en","title":"The problem of Armenian origins","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [3433764]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":81521553,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “The problem of Armenian origins”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/81521553/mini_magick20220301-3795-1fd0bz5.png?1646153922" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The problem of Armenian origins</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3433764" href="https://sci.academia.edu/ArmenPetrosyan"><img alt="Profile image of Armen Petrosyan" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/3433764/1169067/1465487/s65_armen.petrosyan.jpg" />Armen Petrosyan</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2018</p></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Petrosyan examines the amalgam of linguistic, archaeological, mythological and historical evidence that bears on the origins of the Armenian people. He surveys and deconstructs the foundation myths of the Armenian people and their neighbors. He examines the written evidence of the various peoples who occupied the Armenian highlands and discusses the conflicting evidence for a traditional center in the Ayrarat region while the main cult centers appear to have been in Upper Armenia. He locates the Armenians in the overall network of ethnic and linguistic entities that flourished in the multi-ethnic Urartian empire. Finally the author surveys and assesses the variety of solutions to solve the problem of Armenian origins.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":81521553,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/72695380/The_problem_of_Armenian_origins"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":81521553,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/72695380/The_problem_of_Armenian_origins"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="81521553" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/72695380/The_problem_of_Armenian_origins" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="30712244" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30712244/HISTORY_OF_THE_ARMENIAN_PEOPLE_From_the_Remotest_Times_to_the_Present_Day_By_Jacques_de_Morgan">HISTORY OF THE ARMENIAN PEOPLE: From the Remotest Times to the Present Day, By: Jacques de Morgan</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="26189388" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GarabetMoumdjian">Garabet K Moumdjian, Ph.D.</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">As early as 1889 I was interested in Armenian history, and I made a brief incursion into this interesting subject in a volume entitled Mission Scientifique au Caucase, fitudes archeologlques et historiques. Tome II. Recherches sur les origines des peuples du Caucase, But, as the title shows, this research was not restricted to the Armenians and the history of Armenia was only included in its main aspects, my attention being more particularly directed to the questions as to the origins of the Kartvelian peoples.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"HISTORY OF THE ARMENIAN PEOPLE: From the Remotest Times to the Present Day, By: Jacques de Morgan","attachmentId":51159980,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30712244/HISTORY_OF_THE_ARMENIAN_PEOPLE_From_the_Remotest_Times_to_the_Present_Day_By_Jacques_de_Morgan","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30712244/HISTORY_OF_THE_ARMENIAN_PEOPLE_From_the_Remotest_Times_to_the_Present_Day_By_Jacques_de_Morgan"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="31138989" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31138989/Armenian_Identity_and_Ethnogenesis_The_Origins_of_Armenian_People">Armenian Identity and Ethnogenesis: The Origins of Armenian People</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40275369" href="https://aua.academia.edu/InessaManukyan">Inessa Manukyan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Armenian identity has become a subject of thorough analysis and discourse for many historians, archaeologists and scholars since it is full of controversies and hypothesis. The history of ethnogenesis of the Armenian nation has been long-term process, full of challenges, however the maintenance of the national identity was and remains to be even harder and a continuous process. Thus, the question arises on what basis we as Armenians can be sure on the issue of identifying who is the real Armenian person and which qualities and characteristics are considered to be the basis for thinking so. In the epicenter of the ethnogenes theory are the myths and legends, which, according to numerous scholarly publications, have been proven to be true for some reason. Taking into account all the publications and sources from the ancient times by Movses Khorenatci who is known as the “Father of Armenian History”, or other historians stressing out the importance of the myths and legends on the origin of Armenians, it is important to acknowledge ourselves what is the true origin and identity of Armenian nation. Hence, in order to understand Armenian’s true self and identity, there is a need to study and go deep into the roots of origins and acknowledge how the ethnogenesis impacted on the formation of an Armenian nation.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Armenian Identity and Ethnogenesis: The Origins of Armenian People","attachmentId":51573195,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31138989/Armenian_Identity_and_Ethnogenesis_The_Origins_of_Armenian_People","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31138989/Armenian_Identity_and_Ethnogenesis_The_Origins_of_Armenian_People"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="35377104" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35377104/A_Concise_History_of_the_Armenian_People">A Concise History of the Armenian People</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="72420928" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YevaLalayan">Yeva Lalayan</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Concise History of the Armenian People","attachmentId":55237383,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35377104/A_Concise_History_of_the_Armenian_People","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35377104/A_Concise_History_of_the_Armenian_People"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="33873948" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33873948/THE_PRE_HISTORY_OF_THE_ARMENIANS">THE PRE-HISTORY OF THE ARMENIANS</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3925371" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GabrielSoultanian">Gabriel Soultanian</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Country of the Armenians: The country name of Armenia is a creation of the second half of the sixth century BC and means 'the land where the people of Aram have settled'. The first to mention this country name is thought to be the Aramaeans as Armināiā 1 , but there is no written record to confirm this, except infer that the chancellery scribes of the Achaemenid kings of Persia comprised of Aramaeans and it may well be, that the Persians adopted from them the country name Armināiā writing it as Armina. The next person to mention the Armenians and their country was the Greek geographer Hecataeus of Miletus as Armenioi. The country representing Armenia, the highlands to the east of peninsular Anatolia, was the previous Kingdom of Urartu. The borders of Armenia have changed so often that one can only give a rough description of it, such as: to the east up to the confluence of the rivers Kur and Araxes, to the south River Araxes, south of the Kashiari range of mountains up to Nisibis (Mtsbin), to the west the River Euphrates and to the north the Pontus range of mountains, the southern plains of Georgia and the Kur river. The Armenians: The ethnic name Armenian does not exist in the vocabulary of the Armenians and it cannot be explained in their language. Armenians call themselves Hay (pl. Hayk') and their country Hayastan 2. The term Armenian, when it was created in the sixth century BC, originally denoted the Hay people, the Indo-European interlopers, who entered Urartu 3. It took a long time, perhaps 6 to 700 years for the population of the ancient Urartu to assimilate and also be called Hays and Armenians by other nations. 4 The Armenians belong to Indo-European language group, which prevailed in the highlands because of the wave by wave arrival of the Hay migrants over a period of at least 600 years, whereas the Urartian language was drifting due to bilingualism and assimilation, even though they represented a higher percentage of the population of the highlands, which is noticeable in the physiognomy of the present day Armenians. In the Beginning: The Hays (Proto-Armenians) are mentioned, for the first time, in the Iliad of Homer as allies of Priam of Troy under the name of Paionian 5 , which is the Greek rendering of the name Hay, i.e. Παι = Hay (P > H, cf. pater > hayr) + ον = being, in the sense of creature (cf. ontology, ontogeny) + ες, plural suffix, therefore 'Hay Creatures'. Some scholars have expressed the view that the Paionians (Hays) had arrived in central Balkans at the time when the Dorians were entering Greece 6. This view cannot be correct, since Homer does not mention the Dorians, who were entering Greece at the same time as the Trojan War, and it takes an organised country, Paionia, in order to send two battalions to participate in the war as allies of Priam. It appears the Paionians had arrived in central Balkans with or before the Mycanaean Proto-Greeks and first settled in Pelagonia (Πελα > Haya (P > H and L > Y) + γον = off springs/descendents + ες, plural suffix, therefore: 'Progeny of Hay'), around Lake Lychnidus (this lake name will be remembered in later Armenia), the present Lake Ohrid, east of the later Briges. 7 But where did the Hays come from, who were they? The answer to these questions is an uncorroborated theory, which may sound rather far fetched at the present. All the same, now that the reader is forewarned I can proceed. Wandering tribes or people do not leave traces behind, except for their dead and garbage, which are not sufficient for an archaeologist to express a firm opinion, since the garbage disintegrates and the dead cannot speak (this is the picture of a people PAGE 1</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE PRE-HISTORY OF THE ARMENIANS","attachmentId":53850776,"attachmentType":"doc","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33873948/THE_PRE_HISTORY_OF_THE_ARMENIANS","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33873948/THE_PRE_HISTORY_OF_THE_ARMENIANS"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="43051044" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43051044/THE_HISTORY_OF_ARMENIA_FROM_THE_ORIGINS_TO_THE_PRESENT">THE HISTORY OF ARMENIA FROM THE ORIGINS TO THE PRESENT</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47638555" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SASHOT">Ashot SARGSYAN</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE HISTORY OF ARMENIA FROM THE ORIGINS TO THE PRESENT","attachmentId":63310380,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43051044/THE_HISTORY_OF_ARMENIA_FROM_THE_ORIGINS_TO_THE_PRESENT","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43051044/THE_HISTORY_OF_ARMENIA_FROM_THE_ORIGINS_TO_THE_PRESENT"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="8519375" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8519375/Origins_of_Armenians">Origins of Armenians</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15323222" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MasisIngilizian">Masis Ingilizian</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A Summary Of All The Academic Research Of The Origins Of Armenians</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Origins of Armenians","attachmentId":41323752,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8519375/Origins_of_Armenians","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8519375/Origins_of_Armenians"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="6573348" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6573348/With_R_G_Hovannisian_The_Armenian_Communities_of_Asia_Minor_A_Pictoral_Essay_in_The_Armenian_Communities_of_Asia_Minor_ed_R_G_Hovannisian_Costa_Mesa_CA_Mazda_Publishers_2014_pp_9_88">With R. G. Hovannisian, "The Armenian Communities of Asia Minor: A Pictoral Essay," in "The Armenian Communities of Asia Minor," ed. R. G. Hovannisian (Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers, 2014), pp. 9-88.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="808609" href="https://georgetown.academia.edu/ArmenManukKhaloyan">Armen Manuk-Khaloyan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The history of the Armenian communities of western Anatolia remains a largely unexplored subject in the field of Armenian Studies. Armenians first settled in these communities during the Roman and Byzantine periods and their numbers grew throughout the twelfth to sixteenth centuries as life in their homeland was plagued by turmoil and war. A great many left the plains and mountains of the Armenian Plateau for towns and cities whose histories dated back to antiquity, such as Konya, Bandırma, Eskişehir, and Sivrihisar, while at the same time building entirely new settlements, including Bardizag, Armash, and Adabazar. They established their own churches, schools and institutions which, in time, rose to prominence as centers of culture and learning and gave birth to such luminaries as the musicologist Komitas Vardapet. This chapter traces the founding of these communities, their social and cultural development in the multi-ethnic Ottoman Empire, and their final and complete destruction during the 1915 genocide. By drawing from the memorial volumes of Armenian compatriotic societies and regional histories, ethnographic studies, archival documents, contemporary almanacs, travel accounts, and oral history interviews, this paper seeks both to introduce and enlighten our understanding of the life and death of these communities.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"With R. G. Hovannisian, \"The Armenian Communities of Asia Minor: A Pictoral Essay,\" in \"The Armenian Communities of Asia Minor,\" ed. R. G. Hovannisian (Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers, 2014), pp. 9-88.","attachmentId":36007127,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6573348/With_R_G_Hovannisian_The_Armenian_Communities_of_Asia_Minor_A_Pictoral_Essay_in_The_Armenian_Communities_of_Asia_Minor_ed_R_G_Hovannisian_Costa_Mesa_CA_Mazda_Publishers_2014_pp_9_88","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6573348/With_R_G_Hovannisian_The_Armenian_Communities_of_Asia_Minor_A_Pictoral_Essay_in_The_Armenian_Communities_of_Asia_Minor_ed_R_G_Hovannisian_Costa_Mesa_CA_Mazda_Publishers_2014_pp_9_88"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="36527849" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36527849/The_Genesis_and_Re_Genesis_of_the_Armenian_Ethno_Religious_Identity">The Genesis and Re-Genesis of the Armenian Ethno-Religious Identity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="67296" href="https://hamline.academia.edu/ArtyomTonoyan">Artyom Tonoyan</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Genesis and Re-Genesis of the Armenian Ethno-Religious Identity","attachmentId":56446788,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36527849/The_Genesis_and_Re_Genesis_of_the_Armenian_Ethno_Religious_Identity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36527849/The_Genesis_and_Re_Genesis_of_the_Armenian_Ethno_Religious_Identity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="43020872" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43020872/Social_and_Cultural_Interactions_Across_the_Byzantine_Armenian_Frontier_c_900_1045_PhD_Dissertation_Abstract_and_Table_of_Contents_">Social and Cultural Interactions Across the Byzantine Armenian Frontier, c. 900-1045 (PhD Dissertation, Abstract and Table of Contents)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12767654" href="https://okayama-u-jp.academia.edu/KosukeNakada">Kosuke Nakada</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Social and Cultural Interactions Across the Byzantine Armenian Frontier, c. 900-1045 (PhD Dissertation, Abstract and Table of Contents)","attachmentId":63284196,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43020872/Social_and_Cultural_Interactions_Across_the_Byzantine_Armenian_Frontier_c_900_1045_PhD_Dissertation_Abstract_and_Table_of_Contents_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43020872/Social_and_Cultural_Interactions_Across_the_Byzantine_Armenian_Frontier_c_900_1045_PhD_Dissertation_Abstract_and_Table_of_Contents_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="37844906" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37844906/Greco_Armenian_the_persistence_of_a_myth">Greco-Armenian: the persistence of a myth</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="291449" href="https://amu.academia.edu/RonaldKim">Ronald I Kim</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Indogermanische Forschungen, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">It has been generally held since the beginning of the 20th century that Armenian is more closely related to Greek than to any other Indo-European branch. A more recent minority opinion posits an especially close relationship between Greek and Armenian, even going so far as to assume a period of Greco-Armenian unity. Following upon recent publications, above all Clackson 1994, this paper argues that the available evidence does not at all support this stronger hypothesis. In contrast to the lexical innovations common to Greek and Armenian, the phono-logical isoglosses shared by the two languages are extremely few and of an easily repeatable nature. The morphological features claimed as shared innovations may likewise represent independent developments and/or have parallels in other Indo-European branches, whereas other features of verbal morphology rather appear to connect Armenian with Indo-Iranian or Balto-Slavic. These considerations suggest that pre-Armenian belonged to a dialect continuum encompassing the ancestors of Greek, Phrygian, and Indo-Iranian for some time after the breakup of Proto-Indo-European, but made up a distinct speech community already by the late 3 rd millennium BC.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Greco-Armenian: the persistence of a myth","attachmentId":57848504,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37844906/Greco_Armenian_the_persistence_of_a_myth","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37844906/Greco_Armenian_the_persistence_of_a_myth"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":81521553,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":81521553,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_81521553" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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Petrosyan</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"In the Beginning: a Brief Introduction into Armenian History, Culture and Identity.","attachmentId":6609514,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1079179/In_the_Beginning_a_Brief_Introduction_into_Armenian_History_Culture_and_Identity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1079179/In_the_Beginning_a_Brief_Introduction_into_Armenian_History_Culture_and_Identity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="30445820" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30445820/Dickran_Kouymjian_Origins_and_Development_of_Armenian_Studies_in_Europe_a_draft_paper_for_a_workshop_on_the_State_of_Armenian_Studies_by_Prof_Jirair_Libaridian_at_the_University_of_Michigan_2011">Dickran Kouymjian, “Origins and Development of Armenian Studies in Europe,” a draft paper for a workshop on the State of Armenian Studies by Prof. Jirair Libaridian at the University of Michigan, 2011.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3542514" href="https://csufresno.academia.edu/DKouymjian">Dickran Kouymjian</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button 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href="https://www.academia.edu/30445820/Dickran_Kouymjian_Origins_and_Development_of_Armenian_Studies_in_Europe_a_draft_paper_for_a_workshop_on_the_State_of_Armenian_Studies_by_Prof_Jirair_Libaridian_at_the_University_of_Michigan_2011"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="27927578" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27927578/Dickran_Kouymjian_Origins_and_Development_of_Armenian_Studies_in_Europe_conference_paper_State_of_Armenian_Studies_workshop_University_of_Michigan_Ann_Arbor_autumn_2011">Dickran Kouymjian, “Origins and Development of Armenian Studies in Europe,” conference paper, State of Armenian Studies, workshop, 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