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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Físico</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 82 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiker" title="Physiker — alemão suíço" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Physiker" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemão suíço" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="فيزيائي — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيزيائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%89" title="فيزيائى — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيزيائى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Фізік — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фізік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Фізык — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фізык" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Физик — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Физик" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="পদার্থবিজ্ঞানী — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পদার্থবিজ্ঞানী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizi%C4%8Dar" title="Fizičar — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fizičar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsic" title="Físic — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Físic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%ACk-l%C4%AB-h%C5%8Fk-g%C4%83" title="Ŭk-lī-hŏk-gă — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ŭk-lī-hŏk-gă" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فیزیکزان — curdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فیزیکزان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyzik" title="Fyzik — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fyzik" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysiker" title="Fysiker — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fysiker" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiker" title="Physiker — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Physiker" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Φυσικός — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φυσικός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Physicist" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizikisto" title="Fizikisto — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fizikisto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsico" title="Físico — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Físico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BC%C3%BCsik" title="Füüsik — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Füüsik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فیزیک‌دان — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیزیک‌دان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyysikko" title="Fyysikko — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fyysikko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicien" title="Physicien — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Physicien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiceoir" title="Fisiceoir — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fisiceoir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiosaigiche" title="Fiosaigiche — gaélico escocês" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fiosaigiche" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsico,_f%C3%ADsica" title="Físico, física — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Físico, física" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99" title="פיזיקאי — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיזיקאי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="भौतिक विज्ञानी — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भौतिक विज्ञानी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizi%C4%8Dar" title="Fizičar — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fizičar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizikus" title="Fizikus — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fizikus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Ֆիզիկոս — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆիզիկոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physico" title="Physico — interlíngua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Physico" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlíngua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisikawan" title="Fisikawan — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fisikawan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisico" title="Fisico — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fisico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85" title="物理学者 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="物理学者" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisikawan" title="Fisikawan — javanês" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Fisikawan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik — kara-kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="kara-kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Физик — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Физик" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%BC" title="រូបវិទូ — khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រូបវិទូ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90" title="물리학자 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="물리학자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiz%C3%AEknas" title="Fizîknas — curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Fizîknas" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicus" title="Physicus — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Physicus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiker" title="Physiker — luxemburguês" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Physiker" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuurkundige" title="Natuurkundige — limburguês" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Natuurkundige" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizi%C4%B7is" title="Fiziķis — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fiziķis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisikawan" title="Fisikawan — Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Fisikawan" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpahay_fizika" title="Mpahay fizika — malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mpahay fizika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Физичар — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Физичар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E" title="भौतिकशास्त्रज्ञ — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भौतिकशास्त्रज्ञ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahli_fizik" title="Ahli fizik — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ahli fizik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="भौतिकशास्त्री — nepalês" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भौतिकशास्त्री" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuurkundige" title="Natuurkundige — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Natuurkundige" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysikar" title="Fysikar — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fysikar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysiker" title="Fysiker — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fysiker" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisician" title="Fisician — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fisician" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizyk" title="Fizyk — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fizyk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="طبیعیات دان — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="طبیعیات دان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B2%D9%8A%DA%A9_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87" title="فزيک پوه — pastó" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فزيک پوه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pastó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizician" title="Fizician — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fizician" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Физик — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Физик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Физик — sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Физик" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist — scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Physicist" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizi%C4%8Dar" title="Fizičar — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fizičar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Physicist" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyzik" title="Fyzik — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fyzik" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizikanti" title="Fizikanti — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fizikanti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Физичар — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Физичар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysiker" title="Fysiker — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fysiker" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="இயற்பியலறிஞர் — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இயற்பியலறிஞர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Физикдон — tajique" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Физикдон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="นักฟิสิกส์ — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นักฟิสิกส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik%C3%A7i" title="Fizikçi — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fizikçi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Фізик — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фізик" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="طبیعیات دان — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="طبیعیات دان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_v%E1%BA%ADt_l%C3%BD" title="Nhà vật lý — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhà vật lý" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="物理学家 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="物理学家" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="פיזיקער — iídiche" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פיזיקער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="iídiche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="物理学家 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="物理学家" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="物理學家 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="物理學家" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umfundindalo" title="Umfundindalo — zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umfundindalo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q169470#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Albert_Einstein_photo_1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Albert_Einstein_photo_1920.jpg/220px-Albert_Einstein_photo_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Albert_Einstein_photo_1920.jpg/330px-Albert_Einstein_photo_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Albert_Einstein_photo_1920.jpg/440px-Albert_Einstein_photo_1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3744" data-file-height="5480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>, físico que desenvolveu a <a href="/wiki/Relatividade_geral" title="Relatividade geral">teoria geral da relatividade</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Físico</b> é um <a href="/wiki/Cientista" title="Cientista">cientista</a> especializado em <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">física</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Os físicos estudam os <a href="/wiki/Fen%C3%B3meno" title="Fenómeno">fenômenos</a> da <a href="/wiki/Natureza" title="Natureza">natureza</a> e os constituintes fundamentais do <a href="/wiki/Universo" title="Universo">universo</a> em todas as escalas de comprimento e tempo: desde as partículas <a href="/wiki/%C3%81tomo" title="Átomo">subatômicas</a>, das quais toda a matéria comum é composta (<a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_de_part%C3%ADculas" title="Física de partículas">física de partículas</a>), passando pelos sistemas biológicos (<a href="/wiki/Biof%C3%ADsica" title="Biofísica">biofísica</a>) até o comportamento do universo como um todo (<a href="/wiki/Cosmologia_f%C3%ADsica" title="Cosmologia física">cosmologia física</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%ADsico&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Etimologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%ADsico&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Etimologia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O termo "físico" foi cunhado por <a href="/wiki/William_Whewell" title="William Whewell">William Whewell</a> em seu livro de 1840, <i>The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Whewell_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whewell-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> Essa palavra designava antigamente o <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9dico" title="Médico">médico</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Cirurgi%C3%A3o" title="Cirurgião">cirurgião</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Educação"><span id="Educa.C3.A7.C3.A3o"></span>Educação</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%ADsico&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Educação" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%ADsico&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Educação"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A maior parte do material que os estudantes encontram nos cursos de graduação é baseado em descobertas e percepções ocorridas a um século ou mais. A "teoria da intromissão" da luz de <a href="/wiki/Alhazen" class="mw-redirect" title="Alhazen">Alhazen</a> foi formulada no século XI; as <a href="/wiki/Leis_de_Newton" title="Leis de Newton">leis do movimento de Newton</a> e a <a href="/wiki/Lei_da_gravita%C3%A7%C3%A3o_universal" title="Lei da gravitação universal">lei da gravitação universal de Newton</a> foram formuladas no século XVII; as <a href="/wiki/Equa%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_Maxwell" title="Equações de Maxwell">equações de Maxwell</a> foram formuladas no século XIX; e a <a href="/wiki/Mec%C3%A2nica_qu%C3%A2ntica" title="Mecânica quântica">mecânica quântica</a> foi formulada no início do século XX. </p><p>Os currículos de graduação em física incluem geralmente os seguintes tópicos: <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química">química</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teoria_cl%C3%A1ssica_(f%C3%ADsica)" title="Teoria clássica (física)">física clássica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinem%C3%A1tica" title="Cinemática">cinemática</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia">astronomia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Astrof%C3%ADsica" title="Astrofísica">astrofísica</a>, laboratório de física, <a href="/wiki/Eletricidade" title="Eletricidade">eletricidade</a> e <a href="/wiki/Magnetismo" title="Magnetismo">magnetismo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Termodin%C3%A2mica" title="Termodinâmica">termodinâmica</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%93ptica" title="Óptica">óptica</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_moderna" title="Física moderna">física moderna</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_qu%C3%A2ntica" class="mw-redirect" title="Física quântica">física quântica</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_nuclear" title="Física nuclear">física nuclear</a> e <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_do_estado_s%C3%B3lido" title="Física do estado sólido">física do estado sólido</a>. Os estudantes de graduação de física também devem estudar intensivamente cursos de matemática (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1lculo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cálculo">cálculo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_diferencial" title="Equação diferencial">equações diferenciais</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lgebra_linear" title="Álgebra linear">álgebra linear</a>, <a href="/wiki/An%C3%A1lise_complexa" title="Análise complexa">análise complexa</a>, etc.), <a href="/wiki/Ci%C3%AAncia_da_computa%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Ciência da computação">ciência da computação</a> e programação. </p><p>Muitas colocações, especialmente em pesquisa, requerem um <a href="/wiki/Doutoramento" title="Doutoramento">grau de doutorado</a>. Os campos de especialização incluem as áreas experimentais e teóricas de <a href="/wiki/Astrof%C3%ADsica" title="Astrofísica">astrofísica</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_at%C3%B4mica" title="Física atômica">física atômica</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_molecular" title="Física molecular">física molecular</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biof%C3%ADsica" title="Biofísica">biofísica</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_qu%C3%ADmica" class="mw-redirect" title="Física química">física química</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_m%C3%A9dica" title="Física médica">física médica</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_da_mat%C3%A9ria_condensada" title="Física da matéria condensada">física da matéria condensada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cosmologia" title="Cosmologia">cosmologia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geof%C3%ADsica" title="Geofísica">geofísica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gravidade" title="Gravidade">física gravitacional</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ci%C3%AAncia_dos_materiais" title="Ciência dos materiais">ciência dos materiais</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_nuclear" title="Física nuclear">física nuclear</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%93ptica" title="Óptica">óptica</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_de_part%C3%ADculas" title="Física de partículas">física de partículas</a> e <a href="/wiki/Plasma" title="Plasma">física do plasma</a>. Experiência em <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3s-doutorado" title="Pós-doutorado">pós-doutorado</a> pode ser requerida para determinados cargos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Carreiras">Carreiras</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%ADsico&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Carreiras" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%ADsico&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Carreiras"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Fyysikot_ty%C3%B6ss%C3%A4%C3%A4n.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Fyysikot_ty%C3%B6ss%C3%A4%C3%A4n.jpg/220px-Fyysikot_ty%C3%B6ss%C3%A4%C3%A4n.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Fyysikot_ty%C3%B6ss%C3%A4%C3%A4n.jpg/330px-Fyysikot_ty%C3%B6ss%C3%A4%C3%A4n.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Fyysikot_ty%C3%B6ss%C3%A4%C3%A4n.jpg/440px-Fyysikot_ty%C3%B6ss%C3%A4%C3%A4n.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>Físicos experimentais trabalhando no laboratório de aceleração da <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4" title="Universidade de Jyväskylä">Universidade de Jyväskylä</a> (<a href="/wiki/Finl%C3%A2ndia" title="Finlândia">Finlândia</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>Os três maiores empregadores de físicos de carreira são instituições acadêmicas, <a href="/wiki/Laborat%C3%B3rio" title="Laboratório">laboratórios</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ind%C3%BAstria" title="Indústria">indústrias</a> privadas, com o maior empregador sendo o último. Nos <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">EUA</a> cerca de 20% dos novos <a href="/wiki/Ph.d" class="mw-redirect" title="Ph.d">Ph.Ds</a> em física têm empregos em programas de desenvolvimento de engenharia, enquanto 14% se voltam para <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> de computador e cerca de 11% estão em negócios / educação. A maioria dos físicos empregados aplicam suas habilidades e treinamento a setores interdisciplinares (por exemplo, finanças).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Os cargos para físicos graduados incluem Cientista Agrícola, <a href="/wiki/Controlador_de_tr%C3%A1fego_a%C3%A9reo" title="Controlador de tráfego aéreo">Controlador de Tráfego Aéreo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biof%C3%ADsica" title="Biofísica">Biofísico</a>, Programador de Computadores, <a href="/wiki/Engenheiro_eletricista" class="mw-redirect" title="Engenheiro eletricista">Engenheiro Eletricista</a>, Analista Ambiental, <a href="/wiki/Geof%C3%ADsica" title="Geofísica">Geofísico</a>, Físico Médico, <a href="/wiki/Meteorologia" title="Meteorologia">Meteorologista</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ocean%C3%B3grafo" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceanógrafo">Oceanógrafo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">Professor</a> / Professor / Pesquisador de Física, Cientista Pesquisador, Físico de Reator, Físico de Engenharia, Analista de missões de <a href="/wiki/Sat%C3%A9lite_artificial" title="Satélite artificial">Satélite</a>, escritor de <a href="/wiki/Ci%C3%AAncia" title="Ciência">ciências</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estratigrafia" title="Estratigrafia">estratígrafo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engenheiro_de_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Engenheiro de software">engenheiro de software</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engenheira_de_sistemas" class="mw-redirect" title="Engenheira de sistemas">engenheiro de sistemas</a>, engenheiro de microeletrônica, desenvolvedor de radar, <a href="/wiki/Consultor_t%C3%A9cnico" title="Consultor técnico">consultor técnico</a>, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A maioria dos titulares de diploma de <a href="/wiki/Bacharelato" title="Bacharelato">bacharel</a> em Física está empregada no setor privado. Outros campos são academia, serviço governamental e militar, entidades sem fins lucrativos, laboratórios e ensino.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As funções típicas dos físicos com mestrado e doutorado trabalhando em seu domínio envolvem pesquisa, observação e análise, preparação de dados, instrumentação, projeto e desenvolvimento de equipamentos industriais ou médicos, computação e desenvolvimento de software, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-NOC2111_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOC2111-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honrarias_e_prêmios"><span id="Honrarias_e_pr.C3.AAmios"></span>Honrarias e prêmios</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%ADsico&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Honrarias e prêmios" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%ADsico&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Honrarias e prêmios"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A maior honraria concedida a físicos é o <a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Física">Nobel de Física</a>, concedido desde 1901 pela <a href="/wiki/Academia_Real_das_Ci%C3%AAncias_da_Su%C3%A9cia" title="Academia Real das Ciências da Suécia">Academia Real das Ciências da Suécia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> O <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Physics_Prize" title="Fundamental Physics Prize">Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics</a> (anteriormente chamado de "Fundamental Physics Prize") é o prêmio mais lucrativo do mundo para físicos e é concedido desde 2012 pela Breakthrough Prize Board.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%ADsico&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%ADsico&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Engenharia_f%C3%ADsica" title="Engenharia física">Engenharia física</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_da_f%C3%ADsica" title="História da física">História da física</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_de_F%C3%ADsica" class="mw-disambig" title="Instituto de Física">Instituto de Física</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laureados_com_o_Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" title="Laureados com o Nobel de Física">Laureados com o Nobel de Física</a></li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dicio.com.br/fisico/">«Físico»</a>. <i>Dicio</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 25 de novembro de 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AF%C3sico&rft.atitle=F%C3sico&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dicio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dicio.com.br%2Ffisico%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whewell-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Whewell_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Whewell, William. <i>The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences Part 1</i>. Cambridge: John W Parker J&J Deighton. p. cxiii</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AF%C3sico&rft.aufirst=William&rft.aulast=Whewell&rft.btitle=The+Philosophy+of+the+Inductive+Sciences+Part+1&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=cxiii&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=John+W+Parker+J%26J+Deighton&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://books.google.ie/books?id=Fe8TAAAAQAAJ">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infopedia.pt/dicionarios/lingua-portuguesa/físico">Físico, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (em linha). Porto: Porto Editora, 2003-2018. (consult. 2018-06-29 12:38:18)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/8461f5e6-35f5-11e3-952b-00144feab7de">«Physicists and the Financial Markets»</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>. 18 de outubro de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AF%C3sico&rft.atitle=Physicists+and+the+Financial+Markets&rft.date=2013-10-18&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F8461f5e6-35f5-11e3-952b-00144feab7de&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">American Institute for Physics (AIP) Statistical Research Center Report <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aip.org/statistics/reports/physics-doctorates-initial-employment-0">Physics Doctorates Initial Employment</a> published March 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.augusta.edu/scimath/chemistryandphysics/documents/physicshandout.pdf">«What can I do with a degree in Physics?»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Augusta University. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 11 de setembro de 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AF%C3sico&rft.btitle=What+can+I+do+with+a+degree+in+Physics%3F&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Augusta+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.augusta.edu%2Fscimath%2Fchemistryandphysics%2Fdocuments%2Fphysicshandout.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.iit.edu/physics/research-technical">«Physicist Career Opportunities»</a>. Illinois Institute of Technology. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AF%C3sico&rft.btitle=Physicist+Career+Opportunities&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Illinois+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.iit.edu%2Fphysics%2Fresearch-technical&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.engineergirl.org/cms/6071.aspx">«Physics Education, Applied to Engineering»</a>. National Academy of Engineering (NAE). 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AF%C3sico&rft.btitle=Physics+Education%2C+Applied+to+Engineering&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=National+Academy+of+Engineering+%28NAE%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.engineergirl.org%2Fcms%2F6071.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfu.ca/engineering/current-students/undergraduate-students/programs-and-requirements/engineering-physics.html">«Engineering Physicist careers»</a>. Simon Fraser University, Canada. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 27 de fevereiro de 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AF%C3sico&rft.btitle=Engineering+Physicist+careers&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Simon+Fraser+University%2C+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfu.ca%2Fengineering%2Fcurrent-students%2Fundergraduate-students%2Fprograms-and-requirements%2Fengineering-physics.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aip.org/statistics/pie">«Initial Employment Sectors of Physics Bachelor's, Classes of 2011 & 2012 Combined»</a>. American Institute of Physics. 26 de agosto de 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 13 de setembro de 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AF%C3sico&rft.btitle=Initial+Employment+Sectors+of+Physics+Bachelor%27s%2C+Classes+of+2011+%26+2012+Combined&rft.date=2013-08-26&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=American+Institute+of+Physics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aip.org%2Fstatistics%2Fpie&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOC2111-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NOC2111_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www5.hrsdc.gc.ca/NOC/English/NOC/2011/ProfileQuickSearch.aspx?val=2&val1=2111">«2111 Physicists and astronomers»</a>. National Occupational Classification - Canada. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 11 de novembro de 2016</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161111125832/http://www5.hrsdc.gc.ca/NOC/English/NOC/2011/ProfileQuickSearch.aspx?val=2&val1=2111">Cópia arquivada em 11 de novembro de 2016</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AF%C3sico&rft.btitle=2111+Physicists+and+astronomers&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=National+Occupational+Classification+-+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww5.hrsdc.gc.ca%2FNOC%2FEnglish%2FNOC%2F2011%2FProfileQuickSearch.aspx%3Fval%3D2%26val1%3D2111&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/">«The Nobel Prize in Physics»</a>. <i>NobelPrize.org</i> (em inglês)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 1 de dezembro de 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AF%C3sico&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physics&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fphysics%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Chang, Kenneth (3 de agosto de 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/31/science/9-scientists-win-yuri-milners-fundamental-physics-prize.html?_r=1">«9 Scientists Win Yuri Milner's Fundamental Physics Prize»</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> (em inglês). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120803001610/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/31/science/9-scientists-win-yuri-milners-fundamental-physics-prize.html?_r=1">Cópia arquivada em 4 de agosto de 2012</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AF%C3sico&rft.atitle=9+Scientists+Win+Yuri+Milner%99s+Fundamental+Physics+Prize&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.date=2012-08-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F07%2F31%2Fscience%2F9-scientists-win-yuri-milners-fundamental-physics-prize.html%3F_r%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Pallab, Ghosh (6 de setembro de 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-45425872">«Bell Burnell: Physics star gives away £2.3m prize»</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></i> (em inglês). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221101073210/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-45425872">Cópia arquivada em 1 de novembro de 2022</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AF%C3sico&rft.atitle=Bell+Burnell%3A+Physics+star+gives+away+%A32.3m+prize&rft.aufirst=Ghosh&rft.aulast=Pallab&rft.date=2018-09-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-45425872&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leitura_adicional">Leitura adicional</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%ADsico&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar secção: Leitura adicional" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%ADsico&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Leitura adicional"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r60995074">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin reflist" style=""> <ul><li><cite class="citation journal">Whitten, Barbara L.; Foster, Suzanne R.; Duncombe, Margaret L. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20130223223138/http://ptonline.aip.org/journals/doc/PHTOAD-ft/vol_56/iss_9/46_1.shtml">«What works for women in physics?»</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Physics_Today&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physics Today (página não existe)">Physics Today</a></i>. <b>56</b> (9): 46. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PhT....56i..46W">2003PhT....56i..46W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1620834">10.1063/1.1620834</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 27 de setembro de 2015</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ptonline.aip.org/journals/doc/PHTOAD-ft/vol_56/iss_9/46_1.shtml">original</a> em 23 de fevereiro de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AF%C3sico&rft.atitle=What+works+for+women+in+physics%3F&rft.au=Duncombe%2C+Margaret+L.&rft.au=Foster%2C+Suzanne+R.&rft.au=Whitten%2C+Barbara+L.&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=9&rft.jtitle=Physics+Today&rft.pages=46&rft.volume=56&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fptonline.aip.org%2Fjournals%2Fdoc%2FPHTOAD-ft%2Fvol_56%2Fiss_9%2F46_1.shtml&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003PhT....56i..46W&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.1620834&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Kirby, Kate; Czujko, Roman; Mulvey, Patrick (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20120716114825/http://ptonline.aip.org/journals/doc/PHTOAD-ft/vol_54/iss_4/36_1.shtml">«The Physics Job Market: From Bear to Bull in a Decade»</a>. <i>Physics Today</i>. <b>54</b> (4): 36. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001PhT....54d..36K">2001PhT....54d..36K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1372112">10.1063/1.1372112</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 27 de setembro de 2015</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ptonline.aip.org/journals/doc/PHTOAD-ft/vol_54/iss_4/36_1.shtml">original</a> em 16 de julho de 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AF%C3sico&rft.atitle=The+Physics+Job+Market%3A+From+Bear+to+Bull+in+a+Decade&rft.au=Czujko%2C+Roman&rft.au=Kirby%2C+Kate&rft.au=Mulvey%2C+Patrick&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Physics+Today&rft.pages=36&rft.volume=54&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fptonline.aip.org%2Fjournals%2Fdoc%2FPHTOAD-ft%2Fvol_54%2Fiss_4%2F36_1.shtml&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001PhT....54d..36K&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.1372112&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Hermanowicz, Joseph C. (1998). <i>The Stars Are Not Enough: Scientists--Their Passions and Professions</i>. [S.l.]: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-226-32767-9" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-226-32767-9">978-0-226-32767-9</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AF%C3sico&rft.au=Hermanowicz%2C+Joseph+C.&rft.btitle=The+Stars+Are+Not+Enough%3A+Scientists--Their+Passions+and+Professions&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-226-32767-9&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Hermanowicz, Joseph C. (2009). <i>Lives in Science: How Institutions Affect Academic Careers</i>. [S.l.]: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-226-32761-7" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-226-32761-7">978-0-226-32761-7</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AF%C3sico&rft.au=Hermanowicz%2C+Joseph+C.&rft.btitle=Lives+in+Science%3A+How+Institutions+Affect+Academic+Careers&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-226-32761-7&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%ADsico&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%ADsico&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 250px; padding: 5px; spacing: 2px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikcionário"><img alt="Wikcionário" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span><figcaption>Wikcionário</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;">O <a href="/wiki/Wikcion%C3%A1rio" title="Wikcionário">Wikcionário</a> tem o verbete <i><b><a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/Especial:Pesquisar/f%C3%ADsico" class="extiw" title="wikt:Especial:Pesquisar/físico">físico</a></b></i>.</div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sbfisica.org.br/v1/sbf/">Sociedade Brasileira de Física</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sociedade_Brasileira_de_F%C3%ADsica" title="Sociedade Brasileira de Física">SBF</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spf.pt/">Sociedade Portuguesa de Física</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sociedade_Portuguesa_de_F%C3%ADsica" title="Sociedade Portuguesa de Física">SPF</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dpg-physik.de/?set_language=de">Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Physikalische_Gesellschaft" title="Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft">DPG</a>) (em alemão)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iupap.org/">União Internacional de Física Pura e Aplicada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Internacional_de_F%C3%ADsica_Pura_e_Aplicada" title="União Internacional de Física Pura e Aplicada">IUPAP</a>) (em inglês)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.org/statistics/">Education and employment statistics</a> do Instituto Americano de Física (em inglês)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bls.gov/ooh/life-physical-and-social-science/physicists-and-astronomers.htm">Physicists and Astronomers</a>; Escritório de Estatísticas do Trabalho dos EUA, Manual de Perspectivas Ocupacionais, Físicos e Astrônomos (em inglês)</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Controle_de_autoridade" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Controle_de_autoridade" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Controle_de_autoridade" title="Ajuda:Controle de autoridade">Controle de autoridade</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169470" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q169470">Q169470</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tesauro_de_Arte_e_Arquitetura" title="Tesauro de Arte e Arquitetura">AAT</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&logic=AND&note=&subjectid=300025816">300025816</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_Central_de_Floren%C3%A7a" title="Biblioteca Nacional Central de Florença">BNCF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=28902">28902</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Espanha" title="Biblioteca Nacional da Espanha">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX534625">XX534625</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Biblioteca Nacional da França">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119338770">119338770</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Faceted_Application_of_Subject_Terminology" title="Faceted Application of Subject Terminology">FAST</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/1063014">1063014</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4045968-8">4045968-8</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_de_controle_da_Biblioteca_do_Congresso" title="Número de controle da Biblioteca do Congresso">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85101651">sh85101651</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Dieta" title="Biblioteca Nacional da Dieta">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561125">00561125</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Universit%C3%A1rio_de_Documenta%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Sistema Universitário de Documentação">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027257053">027257053</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">CPP-2010: <span class="uid">2111.1</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Identificadores" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Identificadores" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;">Identificadores</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Unificado_de_Linguagem_M%C3%A9dica" title="Sistema Unificado de Linguagem Médica">UMLS</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncim-stage.nci.nih.gov/ncimbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Metathesaurus&code=C0221456">C0221456</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul class="noprint navigation-box" style="border-top: solid silver 1px; border-right: solid silver 1px; border-bottom:1px solid silver; border-left: solid silver 1px; padding:3px; background-color: #F9F9F9; text-align: center; margin-top:10px; margin-left: 0; clear: both;"><li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Nuvola_apps_katomic.png" title="Portal da física"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nuvola_apps_katomic.png/25px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nuvola_apps_katomic.png/38px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nuvola_apps_katomic.png/50px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:F%C3%ADsica" title="Portal:Física">Portal da física</a></span></span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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