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products</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: products"> <meta name="keywords" content="products"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="products"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4359</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: products</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4359</span> MY ATBU: A Rebranding Campaign Using Promotional Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azeez%20Ayodele">Azeez Ayodele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Promotional products take symbolic roles, they can become an emblem, and they can become part of a rebrand and even be a brand itself. Promotional products express both an institution’s inspirations and its aspirations; it can reflect a continuum. This stimulates the interest of the study, which is to examine the impact of rebranding Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi-Nigeria, using promotional products. It examines the concept of rebranding with the aim to discuss the effectiveness of the promotional products in branding higher educational sector that needs to be assessed and measured. Therefore, some measures of branding activities are proposed. Conclusion suggests that university rebranding is effective and the use of a commercial approach can be easier. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=branding" title="branding">branding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=promotional%20products" title=" promotional products"> promotional products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rebranding" title=" rebranding"> rebranding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16589/my-atbu-a-rebranding-campaign-using-promotional-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16589.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4358</span> Financial Products Held by University Students: An Empirical Study from the Czech Republic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barbora%20Chmelikova">Barbora Chmelikova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current financial markets offer a wide range of financial products to the consumers. However, access to the financial products is not always provided or guaranteed, particularly in less developed countries. For this reason, financial inclusion is an important component in the modern society. This paper investigates financial inclusion and what financial products are held by university students majoring in finance fields. The OECD methodology was used to examine the awareness and use of financial products. The study was conducted via online questionnaire at Masaryk University in the Czech Republic among finance students. The results show that the students use current and savings accounts more than any other financial products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20inclusion" title="financial inclusion">financial inclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20products" title=" financial products"> financial products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20finance" title=" personal finance"> personal finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20students" title=" university students"> university students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58766/financial-products-held-by-university-students-an-empirical-study-from-the-czech-republic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4357</span> Economics of Household Expenditure Pattern on Animal Products in Bauchi Metropolis, Bauchi State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Hamidu">B. Hamidu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abdulhamid"> A. Abdulhamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Mohammed"> S. Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Idi"> S. Idi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined the household expenditure pattern on animal products in Bauchi metropolis. A cross-sectional data were collected from 157 households using systematic sampling technique. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and regression models. The results reveal that the mean age, mean household size, mean monthly income and mean total expenditure on animal products were found to be 39 years, 7 persons, N28,749 and N1,740 respectively. It was also found that household monthly income, number of children and educational level of the household heads (P<0.01) significantly influence the level of household expenditure on animal products. Similarly, income was found to be the most important factor determining the proportion of total expenditure on animal products (20.91%). Income elasticity was found to be 0.66 indicating that for every 1% increase in income, expenditure on animal products would increase by 0.66%. Furthermore, beef was found to be the most preferred (54.83%) and most regularly consumed (61.84%) animal products. However, it was discovered that the major constraints affecting the consumption of animal products were low-income level of the households (29.85%), high cost of animal products (15.82%) and increase in prices of necessities (15.82%). Therefore to improve household expenditure on animal products per capita real income of the households should be improved through creation of employment opportunities. Also stabilization of market prices of animal products and other foods items of necessities through increased production are recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20products" title="animal products">animal products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economics" title=" economics"> economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expenditure" title=" expenditure"> expenditure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=households" title=" households"> households</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45699/economics-of-household-expenditure-pattern-on-animal-products-in-bauchi-metropolis-bauchi-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45699.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4356</span> Fiqh Challenge in Production of Halal Pharmaceutical Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saadan%20Man">Saadan Man</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Razidah%20Othmanjaludin"> Razidah Othmanjaludin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madiha%20Baharuddin"> Madiha Baharuddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, the pharmaceutical products are produced through the mixing of active and complex ingredient, naturally or synthetically; and involve extensive use of prohibited animal products. This article studies the challenges faced from fiqh perspective in the production of halal pharmaceutical products which frequently contain impure elements or prohibited animal derivatives according to Islamic law. This study is qualitative which adopts library research as well as field research by conducting series of interviews with the several related parties. The gathered data is analyzed from Sharia perspective by using some instruments especially the principle of Maqasid of Sharia. This study shows that the halal status of pharmaceutical products depends on the three basic elements: the sources of the basic ingredient; the processes involved in three phases of production, i.e., before, during and after; and the possible effects of the products. Various fiqh challenges need to be traversed in producing halal pharmaceutical products including the sources of the ingredients, the logistic process, the tools used, and the procedures of productions. Thus, the whole supply chain of production of pharmaceutical products must be well managed in accordance to the halal standard. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiqh" title="fiqh">fiqh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=halal%20pharmaceutical" title=" halal pharmaceutical"> halal pharmaceutical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharmaceutical%20products" title=" pharmaceutical products"> pharmaceutical products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97564/fiqh-challenge-in-production-of-halal-pharmaceutical-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97564.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4355</span> Banking Innovation and Customers' Satisfaction in Nigeria: A Case Study of Some Selected Banks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jameelah%20O.%20Yaqub">Jameelah O. Yaqub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The financial industry all over the world has undergone and still undergoing great transformation especially with the introduction of e-products which involves the use of computers and telecommunications to enable banking transactions to be done by telephone or computer rather than by humans. The adoption of e-banking in Nigeria is becoming more popular with customers now being able to use the ATM cards for different transactions. The internet banking, POS machines, telephone banking as well as mobile banking are some other e-products being used in Nigeria. This study examines how satisfied bank customers are with the e-products. The study found that the ATM is the most popular e-products among bank customers in Nigeria; followed by the POS. The least use of the e-products is telephone banking. The study also found that visits to banks for transactions declined with the use of e-products. The chi-square analysis shows that there is significant relationship between the use of banks’ e-products and customers’ satisfaction. One of the major reason adduced by respondents for low usage of e-products is insecurity or fear of cyber fraud, it is therefore recommended that banks should provide adequate. Security for transactions and ensure the proper backing up of critical data files. In addition, government should ensure stable electricity supply to reduce banks’ running costs and consequently, customers’ cost of transactions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banks" title="banks">banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-products" title=" e-products"> e-products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title=" innovation"> innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46119/banking-innovation-and-customers-satisfaction-in-nigeria-a-case-study-of-some-selected-banks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46119.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4354</span> The Impact of Innovation Catalog of Products to Achieve the Fulfillment of Customers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azzi%20Mohammed%20Amin">Azzi Mohammed Amin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study aimed to measure the impact of the product for its size marketing innovation (the development of existing products, innovation of new products) in achieving customer loyalty from the perspective of a sample of consumers brand (Omar Ben Omar) food in the state of Biskra, and also measure the degree of customer loyalty to the brand. To achieve the objectives of the study, designed a form and distributed to a random sample of 280 consumers of the brand, has been relying on SPSS to analyze the results, the study revealed several findings; There is a strong customer loyalty to Omar bin Omar products. The presence of the impact of product innovation (development of existing products, the innovation of new products) on customer loyalty, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.74 is a strong relationship. The presence of a statistically significant effect for the development of existing products in customer loyalty. The presence of a statistically significant effect for the innovation of new products to customer loyalty. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing%20innovation" title="marketing innovation">marketing innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product%20innovation" title=" product innovation"> product innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20loyalty" title=" customer loyalty"> customer loyalty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=products" title=" products"> products</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28567/the-impact-of-innovation-catalog-of-products-to-achieve-the-fulfillment-of-customers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">531</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4353</span> Meat Products Demand in Oyo West Local Government: An Application of Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20A.%20Adeniyi">B. A. Adeniyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Daud"> S. A. Daud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Amao"> O. Amao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigates consumer demand for meat products in Oyo West Local Government using linear approximate almost ideal demand system (LA/AIDS). Questions that were addressed by the study include: first, what is the type and quantity of meat products available to the household and their demand pattern? Second is the investigation of the factors that affect meat products demand pattern and proportion of income that is spent on them. For the above purpose cross-sectional data were collected from 156 households of the study area and analyzed to reveal the functional relationship between meat products consumption and some socio-economic variables of the household. Results indicated that per capita meat consumption increased as household income and education increased but decreased with age. It was also found that male tend to consume more meat products than their female counterparts and that increase in household size will first increased per caput meat consumption but later decreased it. Price also tends to greatly influence the demand pattern of meat products. The results of elasticity computed from the results of regression analysis revealed that own price elasticity for all meat products were negative which indicated that they were normal products while cross and expenditure elasticity were positive which further confirmed that meat products were normal and substitute products. This study therefore concludes that the relevance of these variables imposed a great challenge to the policy makers and the government, in the sense that more cost effective methods of meat production technology have to be devised in other to make consumption of meat products more affordable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meat%20products" title="meat products">meat products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumption" title=" consumption"> consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20production" title=" animal production"> animal production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45245/meat-products-demand-in-oyo-west-local-government-an-application-of-almost-ideal-demand-system-laaids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4352</span> Consumer Behavior in Buying Organic Product: A Case Study of Consumer in the Bangkok Metropolits and Vicinity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piluntana%20Panpluem">Piluntana Panpluem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monticha%20Putsakum"> Monticha Putsakum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objectives of this study were to investigate 1) consumers’ behaviors in buying organic products; and 2) the relationships between personal factors, cultural factors, social factors, psychological factors and marketing mix factors, and the behavior in buying organic products of consumers in the greater Bangkok metropolitan area. The sample group was 400 consumers at the age of 15 and older, who bought organic agricultural products from green markets and green shops in Bangkok, including its suburbs. The data were collected by using a questionnaire, which were analyzed by descriptive statistics and chi-square test. The results showed that the consumers bought 3 – 4 types of fresh vegetables with a total expenditure of less than 499 Baht each time. They purchased organic products mainly at a supermarket, 2 – 4 times per month, most frequently on Sundays, which took less than 30 minutes of shopping each time. The purpose of the purchase was for self-consuming. Gaining or retaining good health was the reason for the consumption of the products. Additionally, the first considered factor in the organic product selection was the quality. The decisions in purchasing the products were made directly by consumers, who were influenced mainly by advertising media on television. For the relationships among personal, cultural, social, psychological and marketing mix factors, and consumers’ behavior in buying organic products, the results showed the following: 1) personal factors, which were gender, age and educational level, were related to the behavior in terms of “What”, “Why”, and “Where” the consumers bought organic products (p<0.05); 2) cultural factors were related to “Why” the consumers bought organic products (p<0.05); 3) social factors were related to “Where” and “How” the consumers bought organic products (p<0.05); 4) psychological factors were related to “When” the consumers bought organic products (p<0.05). 5) For the marketing mix factors, “Product” was related to “Who participated” in buying, “What” and “Where” the consumers bought organic products (p<0.05), while “Price” was related to “What” and “When” the consumers bought organic products (p<0.05). “Place” was related to “What” and “How” the consumers bought organic products (p<0.05). Furthermore, “Promotion” was related to “What” and “Where” the consumers bought organic products (p<0.05). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20behavior" title="consumer behavior">consumer behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20products" title=" organic products"> organic products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bangkok%20Metropolis%20and%20Vicinity" title=" Bangkok Metropolis and Vicinity"> Bangkok Metropolis and Vicinity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24467/consumer-behavior-in-buying-organic-product-a-case-study-of-consumer-in-the-bangkok-metropolits-and-vicinity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24467.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4351</span> A Proposed Plan for the Viral Marketing of Sporting Products and Services to Social Media Users in the Arab World</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20F.%20Abdel%20Qader">Ahmed F. Abdel Qader</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Viral marketing has resulted in a lot of excitement recently as a novel technology in the field of marketing. The need of porting institutions to attract new customers for sporting products and services has increased, especially as many international and Arab clubs rely on them for most of their funding. These organizations, especially clubs, have outlets for selling their products and services; therefore, they are in need for new approaches that are related to modern communication and innovative distribution methods that can depend on the present audience in conveying e-ads to other users in light of the increase in social media users in the Arab world. This study aims at developing a marketing plan for sporting products and services through viral marketing of social media users. The researcher used the descriptive method. The sample consisted of 1991 social media users in 13 Arab countries. The questionnaire consisted of five themes and 42 items. Allan Dib 'one-page marketing plan' was used to develop the sporting products and services marketing plan. The study found that participants reported watching e-ads of sporting products and services that appeared during browsing social media pages; Facebook was the most used means for receiving ads about sporting products and services; sharing the product’s ad depends on the availability of incentives; purchasing sporting products and services takes place after a recommendation by a relative or a friend; and their evaluation of sporting products and services depends on the experiences of other people. The study recommends that the proposed plan should be used in marketing sporting products and services. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viral%20marketing" title="viral marketing">viral marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sporting%20products" title=" sporting products"> sporting products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arab%20world" title=" Arab world"> Arab world</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85402/a-proposed-plan-for-the-viral-marketing-of-sporting-products-and-services-to-social-media-users-in-the-arab-world" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85402.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4350</span> Characteristics and Feature Analysis of PCF Labeling among Construction Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-mo%20Seo">Sung-mo Seo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang-u%20Chae"> Chang-u Chae</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Product Carbon Footprint Labeling has been run for more than four years by the Ministry of Environment and there are number of products labeled by KEITI, as for declaring products with their carbon emission during life cycle stages. There are several categories for certifying products by the characteristics of usage. Building products which are applied to a building as combined components. In this paper, current status of PCF labeling has been compared with LCI DB for data composition. By this comparative analysis, we suggest carbon labeling development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20labeling" title="carbon labeling">carbon labeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LCI%20DB" title=" LCI DB"> LCI DB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20materials" title=" building materials"> building materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26699/characteristics-and-feature-analysis-of-pcf-labeling-among-construction-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26699.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4349</span> Bee Products Development and Innovation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Vural">Hasan Vural</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, innovation subject is explained firstly. Later the basic concepts of innovation and new food products development in marketing of bee products are investigated. Examples of the application of research results will be presented. Subject will be discussed benefiting from scientific studies based on literature review. Innovation is widely recognised as important to commercial success in the food industry, as both a major source of competitive advantage and the creation of a company’s future. However, the new product development process is described as being fraught with failures, with only approximately 10% of new products remaining on the market within a year of commercialisation. In addition, for every new food product that does reach commercialisation, there are likely to be many concepts that are rejected during the new food product development process. No roadmap exactly describes a route to a goal: exhortations to follow ‘10 Steps to a successful Product’ or use ‘Smith’s Method to Do Successful Products’ are, therefore, all approximations. Roadmaps do not describe the actual journey, only the general direction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title="innovation">innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agrofood%20product%20development" title=" agrofood product development"> agrofood product development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beekeeping%20products" title=" beekeeping products"> beekeeping products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honey%20marketing" title=" honey marketing"> honey marketing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49117/bee-products-development-and-innovation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4348</span> Exchange Traded Products on the Warsaw Stock Exchange</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piotr%20Prewysz-Kwinto">Piotr Prewysz-Kwinto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A dynamic development of financial market is accompanied by the emergence of new products on stock exchanges which give absolutely new possibilities of investing money. Currently, the most innovative financial instruments offered to investors are exchange traded products (ETP). They can be defined as financial instruments whose price depends on the value of the underlying instrument. Thus, they offer investors a possibility of making a profit that results from the change in value of the underlying instrument without having to buy it. Currently, the Warsaw Stock Exchange offers many types of ETPs. They are investment products with full or partial capital protection, products without capital protection as well as leverage products, issued on such underlying instruments as indices, sector indices, commodity indices, prices of energy commodities, precious metals, agricultural produce or prices of shares of domestic and foreign companies. This paper presents the mechanism of functioning of ETP available on the Warsaw Stock Exchange and the results of the analysis of statistical data on these financial instruments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20traded%20products" title="exchange traded products">exchange traded products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20market" title=" financial market"> financial market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investment" title=" investment"> investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stock%20exchange" title=" stock exchange"> stock exchange</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51796/exchange-traded-products-on-the-warsaw-stock-exchange" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51796.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4347</span> Characteristic of Gluten-Free Products: Latvian Consumer Survey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laila%20Ozola">Laila Ozola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evita%20Straumite"> Evita Straumite</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Celiac disease is a permanent enteropathy caused by the ingestion of gluten, a protein occurring in wheat, rye and barley. The only way of the effective daily treatment is a strict gluten-free diet. From the investigation of products available in the local market, it was found that Latvian producers do not offer gluten-free products. The aim of this research was to study and analyze changes of celiac patient’s attitude to gluten-free product quality and availability in the Latvian market and purchasing habits. The survey was designed using website www.visidati.lv, and a questionnaire was sent to people suffering from celiac disease. The first time the respondents were asked to fill in the questionnaire in 2011, but now repeatedly from the beginning of September 2013 till the end of January 2014. The questionnaire was performed with 75 celiac patients, respondents were from all Latvian regions and they answered 16 questions. One of the most important questions was aimed to find out consumers’ opinion about quality of gluten-free products, consumption patterns of gluten-free products, and, moreover, their interest in products made in Latvia. Respondents were asked to name gluten-free products they mainly buy and give specific purchase locations, evaluate the quality of products and necessity for products produced in Latvia. The results of questionnaire show that the consumers are satisfied with the quality of gluten-free flour, flour blends, sweets and pasta, but are not satisfied with the quality of bread and confectionery available in the Latvian markets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumers" title="consumers">consumers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gluten-free%20products" title=" gluten-free products"> gluten-free products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survey" title=" survey"> survey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7663/characteristic-of-gluten-free-products-latvian-consumer-survey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4346</span> Consumer Behavior and Knowledge on Organic Products in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Warunpun%20Kongsom">Warunpun Kongsom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaiwat%20Kongsom"> Chaiwat Kongsom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to investigate the awareness, knowledge and consumer behavior towards organic products in Thailand. For this study, a purposive sampling technique was used to identify a sample group of 2,575 consumers over the age of 20 years who intended or made purchases from 1) green shops; 2) supermarkets with branches; and, 3) green markets. A questionnaire was used for data collection across the country. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The results showed that more than 92% of consumers were aware of organic agriculture, but had less knowledge about it. More than 60% of consumers knew that organic agriculture production and processing did not allow the use of chemicals. And about 40% of consumers were confused between the food safety logo and the certified organic logo, and whether GMO was allowed in organic agriculture practice or not. In addition, most consumers perceived that organic agricultural products, good agricultural practice (GAP) products, agricultural chemicals free products, and hydroponic vegetable products had the same standard. In the view of organic consumers, the organic Thailand label was the most seen and reliable among various organic labels. Less than 3% of consumers thought that the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) Global Organic Mark (GOM) was the most seen and reliable. For the behaviors of organic consumers, they purchased organic products mainly at the supermarket and green shop (55.4%), one to two times per month, and with a total expenditure of about 200 to 400 baht each time. The main reason for buying organic products was safety and free from agricultural chemicals. The considered factors in organic product selection were price (29.5%), convenience (22.4%), and a reliable certification system (21.3%). The demands for organic products were mainly rice, vegetables and fruits. Processed organic products were relatively small in quantity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20behavior" title="consumer behavior">consumer behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20knowledge" title=" consumer knowledge"> consumer knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20products" title=" organic products"> organic products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand"> Thailand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47388/consumer-behavior-and-knowledge-on-organic-products-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47388.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4345</span> Calculation of Inflation from Salaries Instead of Consumer Products: A Logical Exercise</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Dahlen">E. Dahlen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inflation can be calculated from either the prices of consumer products or from salaries. This paper presents a logical exercise that shows it is easier to calculate inflation from salaries than from consumer products. While the prices of consumer products may change due to technological advancement, such as automation, which must be corrected for, salaries do not. If technological advancements are not accounted for within calculations based on consumer product prices, inflation can be confused with real wage changes, since both inflation and real wage changes affect the prices of consumer products. The method employed in this paper is a logical exercise. Logical arguments are presented that suggest the existence of many different feasible ways by which inflation can be determined. Then a short mathematical exercise will be presented which shows that one of these methods –using salaries – contains the fewest number of unknown parameters, and hence, is the preferred method, since the risk of mistakes is lower. From the results, it can be concluded that salaries, rather than consumer products, should be used to calculate inflation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflation" title="inflation">inflation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logic" title=" logic"> logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=math" title=" math"> math</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20wages" title=" real wages"> real wages</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67205/calculation-of-inflation-from-salaries-instead-of-consumer-products-a-logical-exercise" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67205.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4344</span> The Consumer's Behavior of Bakery Products in Bangkok</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiraporn%20Weenuttranon">Jiraporn Weenuttranon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objectives of the consumer behavior of bakery products in Bangkok are to study consumer behavior of the bakery product, to study the essential factors that could possibly affect the consumer behavior and to study recommendations for the development of the bakery products. This research is a survey research. Populations are buyer’s bakery products in Bangkok. The probability sample size is 400. The research uses a questionnaire for self-learning by using information technology. The researcher created a reliability value at 0.71 levels of significance. The data analysis will be done by using the percentage, mean, and standard deviation and testing the hypotheses by using chi-square. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer" title="consumer">consumer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior" title=" behavior"> behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bakery" title=" bakery"> bakery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20deviation" title=" standard deviation "> standard deviation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16327/the-consumers-behavior-of-bakery-products-in-bangkok" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16327.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4343</span> Halal Authentication for Some Product Collected from Jordanian Market Using Real-Time PCR</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20S.%20Sharaf">Omar S. Sharaf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mitochondrial 12s rRNA (mt-12s rDNA) gene for pig-specific was developed to detect material from pork species in different products collected from Jordanian market. The amplification PCR products of 359 bp and 531 bp were successfully amplified from the cyt b gene of pig the amplification product using mt-12S rDNA gene were successfully produced a single band with a molecular size of 456 bp. In the present work, the PCR amplification of mtDNA of cytochrome b has been shown as a suitable tool for rapid detection of pig DNA. 100 samples from different dairy, gelatin and chocolate based products and 50 samples from baby food formula were collected and tested to a presence of any pig derivatives. It was found that 10% of chocolate based products, 12% of gelatin and 56% from dairy products and 5.2% from baby food formula showed single band from mt-12S rDNA gene. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=halal%20food" title="halal food">halal food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=baby%20infant%20formula" title=" baby infant formula"> baby infant formula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chocolate%20based%20products" title=" chocolate based products"> chocolate based products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCR" title=" PCR"> PCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jordan" title=" Jordan"> Jordan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32463/halal-authentication-for-some-product-collected-from-jordanian-market-using-real-time-pcr" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">534</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4342</span> A Literature Review on Nutritional Supplements for the Treatment of Obesity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monika%20Nuffer">Monika Nuffer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wesley%20Nuffer"> Wesley Nuffer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The problem of obesity is one that continues to be faced in the United States health care system and across the developing world. Prescription medications are available, but are often very expensive with minimal insurance coverage. The over-the-counter diet aid industry is a robust one, selling billions of dollars in products every year. It is important for clinicians to understand the myriad of different nutritional supplements marketed for obesity, and to weigh the evidence behind these products. This manuscript outlines the most commonly used nutritional supplements currently marketed for weight loss, reviewing the evidence with a focus on the efficacy and safety of these products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title="obesity">obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weight%20loss" title=" weight loss"> weight loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=herbal%20products" title=" herbal products"> herbal products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritional%20supplements" title=" nutritional supplements"> nutritional supplements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75338/a-literature-review-on-nutritional-supplements-for-the-treatment-of-obesity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4341</span> The Role of Brand Authenticity in Egyptian Destination Marketing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hala%20Hilaly">Hala Hilaly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nermin%20Morsy"> Nermin Morsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jala%20Morsy%20Ibrahim"> Jala Morsy Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Brand authenticity has a significant impact on brand trust and can help grow within the markets. Consumers have become more concerned with the 'authenticity' due to the doubt of credibility of the value of mass production. This is why people prefer authentic products, which making authenticity a cornerstone of contemporary marketing and a major factor for brand success. Therefore, it is important to embrace a culture that encourages and promotes authentic values. Hence, the purpose of the research is to investigate the impact of using local products as an authentic brand on promoting Egyptian tourist destination and explore the effect of Globalized authenticity on the local product in Egypt. Results confirmed that local products provide an excellent opportunity to worldwide advertising with positive impact on promoting Egypt as tourist destination. However, number of problems are facing local products in Egypt such as imported 'Made in China' products as well as other obstacles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authentic%20brand" title="authentic brand">authentic brand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contemporary%20marketing" title=" contemporary marketing"> contemporary marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=destination%20marketing" title=" destination marketing"> destination marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20products" title=" local products"> local products</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100891/the-role-of-brand-authenticity-in-egyptian-destination-marketing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100891.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4340</span> Quality of Romanian Food Products on Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed Notifications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silvius%20Stanciu">Silvius Stanciu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Romanian food products sold on European markets have been accused of several non-conformities of quality and safety. Most products incriminated last period were those of animal origin, especially meat and meat products. The study proposed an analysis of the notifications made by network members through Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed on products originating in Romania. As a source of information, the Rapid Alert System portal and the official communications of the National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority were used. The research results showed that nearly a quarter of network notifications were rejected and were withdrawn by the European Authority. Although national authorities present these issues as success stories of national quality policies, the large number of notifications related to the volume of exported products is worrying. The paper is of practical and applicative importance for both the business environment and the academic environment, laying the basis for a wider research on the quality differences between Romanian and imported products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food" title="food">food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RASFF" title=" RASFF"> RASFF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rapid%20Alert%20System%20for%20Food%20and%20Feed" title=" Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed"> Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Romania" title=" Romania"> Romania</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104400/quality-of-romanian-food-products-on-rapid-alert-system-for-food-and-feed-notifications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4339</span> Investigation of the Composition and Structure of Tar by Lignite Pyrolysis Using Thermogravimetry, Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrum Coupled Instrument System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Feng">Li Feng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng%20Zhang"> Cheng Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chuanzhou%20Yuang"> Chuanzhou Yuang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Understanding the macromolecular structure of low-rank coal is very important for its gasification and liquefaction. The pyrolysis is one of the methods of analyzing the macromolecular structure of coal. The gaseous products decomposed directly by the raw lignite at 500 °C and indirectly by tar products from raw lignite pyrolysis at 500 °C were investigated and compared by thermogravimetry, gas chromatography and mass spectrum coupled instrument system (TG/GC/MS) in this paper. The results show that 52 kinds of products were found from the raw lignite and 70 kinds of products from the tar. The pyrolysis products directly from the lignite appear more monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and less substituent groups or branch chain, compared with the products from the tar. There is less linear chain and double bonds structure in the tar, which can be speculated that linear chain and double bonds structure took part in the generation of condensed rings and other reactions. There are more kinds of phenol and furan in the tar, which indicate that these products may be generated from the secondary reaction. The formation process of phenol, phenol naphthalene, naphthene and furan are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composition%20and%20structure" title="composition and structure">composition and structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lignite" title=" lignite"> lignite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis%20of%20coal" title=" pyrolysis of coal"> pyrolysis of coal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tar" title=" tar"> tar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TG%2FGC%2FMS" title=" TG/GC/MS"> TG/GC/MS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100209/investigation-of-the-composition-and-structure-of-tar-by-lignite-pyrolysis-using-thermogravimetry-gas-chromatography-and-mass-spectrum-coupled-instrument-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100209.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4338</span> Analysis of Histamine Content in Selected Food Products from the Serbian Market</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brizita%20Djordjevic">Brizita Djordjevic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bojana%20Vidovic"> Bojana Vidovic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milica%20Zrnic"> Milica Zrnic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uros%20Cakar"> Uros Cakar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Stankovic"> Ivan Stankovic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davor%20Korcok"> Davor Korcok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sladjana%20Sobajic"> Sladjana Sobajic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Histamine is a biogenic amine, which is formed by enzymatic decarboxylation from the amino acid histidine. It can be found in foods such as fish and fish products, meat and fermented meat products, cheese, wine and beer. The presence of histamine in these foods can indicate microbiological spoilage or poor manufacturing processes. The consumption of food containing large amounts of histamine can have toxicological consequences. In 62 food products (31 canned fish products, 19 wines and 12 cheeses) from the market of Serbia the content of histamine was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kit according to the manufacturer's instructions (Immunolab GmbH, Kassel, Germany). The detection limits of this assay were 20 µg/kg for fish and cheese and 4 µg/L for wine. The concentration of histamine varied between 0.16-207 mg/kg in canned fish products, 0.03-1.47 mg/kg in cheeses and 0.01- 0.18 mg/L in wines. In all analyzed canned fish products the results obtained for the histamine were below the limits set by European and national legislation, so they can be considered acceptable and safe for the health consumers. The levels of histamine in analyzed cheeses and wines were very low and did not pose safety concerns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cheese" title="cheese">cheese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme-linked%20immunosorbent%20assay" title=" enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay"> enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histamine" title=" histamine"> histamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20products" title=" fish products"> fish products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wine" title=" wine"> wine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13046/analysis-of-histamine-content-in-selected-food-products-from-the-serbian-market" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4337</span> Isolation and Characterization of Ant-Salmonella Lactic Acid Bacteria from Dairy Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najie%20Hassanzade">Najie Hassanzade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Rabbani%20Khorasgani"> Mohammad Rabbani Khorasgani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dairy products have been regarded as the natural source of lactic acid bacteria with potential characteristics of probiotics; therefore, a lot of research and practical works have been carried out about the isolation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from dairy products, especially traditional yogurt and related products. Interest in traditional dairy products continues in the area of isolation of new LAB that can complement or replace currently used starters and/or that can be candidates as beneficial microorganisms for prevention or treatment purposes. In this perspective, such products are potentially good candidates for isolating new strains of probiotics. On the other hand, some infectious diseases such as salmonellosis have expressed resistance against many antibiotics; therefore, many attempts have been performed to use an alternative approach to overcome antibiotic resistance. The current research focuses on the isolation of LAB from dairy products, especially traditional dairy products and screening of them for anti-Salmonella activities. Twenty-five samples, including 15 sheep milk samples, one camel milk sample and seven cow milk samples from different areas of Iran and 2 yogurt samples from Herat, Afghanistan are collected. 20 bacteria are isolated by culturing the samples on MRS agar specific medium; among them 4 Lactobacillus strains, including 3L. plantarum strains and one L.gasseri strain, are identified by analyzing the biochemical tests and PCR tests in which 27F and 1492R primers are used. Then, their effects against Salmonella typhimurium using the well-diffusion method are evaluated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactic%20acid%20bacteria" title="lactic acid bacteria">lactic acid bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probiotics" title=" probiotics"> probiotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dairy%20products%20Salmonella" title=" dairy products Salmonella"> dairy products Salmonella</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141409/isolation-and-characterization-of-ant-salmonella-lactic-acid-bacteria-from-dairy-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4336</span> A Collective Approach to Optimisation of Renewing Warranty Policy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming%20Luo">Ming Luo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this real world, a manufacturer may produce more than one product. The products produced by the same manufacturer may share the same type of parts, similar design, and be produced in the same factory, i.e. some common causes. From the perspective of warranty management, the frequencies of those products’ warranty claims may have statistical dependence caused by the common causes. Warranty policy optimisation in the existing research, majorly, has not considered such dependence, which may increase bias in decision making. In the market, renewing warranty policies are provided to some unrepairable products and consumer electronic products. This paper optimises the renewing warranty policy collectively in a multi-product scenario with a consideration of the dependence among the warranty claims of the products produced by the same manufacturer. The existence of the optimal solution is proved. Numerical examples are used to validate the applicability of the proposed methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean-risk%20framework" title="mean-risk framework">mean-risk framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20portfolio%20theory" title=" modern portfolio theory"> modern portfolio theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewing%20warranty%20policy" title=" renewing warranty policy"> renewing warranty policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=warranty%20policy%20optimisation" title=" warranty policy optimisation"> warranty policy optimisation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91057/a-collective-approach-to-optimisation-of-renewing-warranty-policy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91057.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4335</span> A Performance Model for Designing Network in Reverse Logistic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Dhib">S. Dhib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Addouche"> S. A. Addouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Loukil"> T. Loukil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Elmhamedi"> A. Elmhamedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a reverse supply chain network is investigated for a decision making. This decision is surrounded by complex flows of returned products, due to the increasing quantity, the type of returned products and the variety of recovery option products (reuse, recycling, and refurbishment). The most important problem in the reverse logistic network (RLN) is to orient returned products to the suitable type of recovery option. However, returned products orientations from collect sources to the recovery disposition have not well considered in performance model. In this study, we propose a performance model for designing a network configuration on reverse logistics. Conceptual and analytical models are developed with taking into account operational, economic and environmental factors on designing network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reverse%20logistics" title="reverse logistics">reverse logistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20design" title=" network design"> network design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20model" title=" performance model"> performance model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20loop%20configuration" title=" open loop configuration"> open loop configuration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40989/a-performance-model-for-designing-network-in-reverse-logistic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40989.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">435</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4334</span> Electrochemical Regeneration of GIC Adsorbent in a Continuous Electrochemical Reactor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20N.%20Hussain">S. N. Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20M.%20A.%20Asghar"> H. M. A. Asghar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Sattar"> H. Sattar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20P.%20L.%20Roberts"> E. P. L. Roberts</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Arvia™ introduced a novel technology consisting of adsorption followed by electrochemical regeneration with a graphite intercalation compound adsorbent that takes place in a single unit. The adsorbed species may lead to the formation of intermediate by-products products due to incomplete mineralization during electrochemical regeneration. Therefore, the investigation of breakdown products due to incomplete oxidation is of great concern regarding the commercial applications of this process. In the present paper, the formation of the chlorinated breakdown products during continuous process of adsorption and electrochemical regeneration based on a graphite intercalation compound adsorbent has been investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIC" title="GIC">GIC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20regeneration" title=" electrochemical regeneration"> electrochemical regeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlorphenols" title=" chlorphenols"> chlorphenols</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13387/electrochemical-regeneration-of-gic-adsorbent-in-a-continuous-electrochemical-reactor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13387.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4333</span> Islamic Finance: Its Theory, Products and a Brief View of Islamic Finance in Europe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmet%20Sekreter">Ahmet Sekreter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although there are conceptual similarities in terms of financial products between conventional and Islamic finance, they are entirely different financial systems. Despite Islamic finance’s small size in the conventional finance world, its promising growth makes Islamic finance a hot topic both in academia and business world. Today customers can access sophisticated Islamic financial products not only in Muslim countries but also in Europe. This study analyzes Islamic finance and its products and includes a brief overview of Islamic finance in Europe. Literature review is the basis of this paper. The author analyzed the academic papers, numerical data, and estimations to set a perspective for the future of Islamic finance in Europe. Findings show that UK is the main hub for the Islamic finance, and it will remain so in the near future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20finance" title="islamic finance">islamic finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20banking" title=" islamic banking"> islamic banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20finance%20in%20Europe" title=" islamic finance in Europe"> islamic finance in Europe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finance" title=" finance"> finance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138317/islamic-finance-its-theory-products-and-a-brief-view-of-islamic-finance-in-europe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138317.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4332</span> The Effect of Gender Role Socialization on Marketing of Gendered Products: The Case of Cultural Ghana</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priscilla%20Adoley%20Moffat">Priscilla Adoley Moffat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One common element of African cultures is gender role socialization. This is a significant component of African cultures because gender roles are considered in these cultures, to define males and females and distinguish males from females. Various studies have established the impact of gender role socialization on individuals, on activities of individuals, including business activities, and on society, in general. This study further examined the effect of gender role socialization on the marketing of gendered products. The study sought to establish whether gender role socialization affects marketing, particularly word-of-mouth marketing, of gender-specific products. For a comprehensive examination of the influence of gender role socialization on word-of-mouth marketing of gendered products, 2150 respondents (1075 males and 1075 females), comprising 550 students of Marketing from various Ghanaian universities/colleges and 1600 other individuals (100 from each of the 16 regions of Ghana, representing the various cultures) were randomly sampled and interviewed. The study found that females are more willing to market male products than males when tasked to market female products. Also, females are more efficient in marketing male products than males in marketing female products. Again, most female audiences feel uncomfortable or embarrassed and are less receptive when approached by a male marketer of female products. Then, the study found that the fear of stigmatization is a major influencer of males’ negative attitude towards marketing of female products and that female marketers of male products, however, suffer less or no stigma. Aside from its addition to the literature on the impact of gender role socialization on marketing and, for that matter, the influence of socialization on marketing, the findings of the study are useful to multinational companies, which become better informed in their strategy when assigning marketing roles, especially in Africa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title="gender">gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socialization" title=" socialization"> socialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing" title=" marketing"> marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gendered" title=" gendered"> gendered</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=role" title=" role"> role</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghana" title=" Ghana"> Ghana</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178191/the-effect-of-gender-role-socialization-on-marketing-of-gendered-products-the-case-of-cultural-ghana" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4331</span> Risk Factors for Defective Autoparts Products Using Bayesian Method in Poisson Generalized Linear Mixed Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pitsanu%20Tongkhow">Pitsanu Tongkhow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pichet%20Jiraprasertwong"> Pichet Jiraprasertwong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research investigates risk factors for defective products in autoparts factories. Under a Bayesian framework, a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) in which the dependent variable, the number of defective products, has a Poisson distribution is adopted. Its performance is compared with the Poisson GLM under a Bayesian framework. The factors considered are production process, machines, and workers. The products coded RT50 are observed. The study found that the Poisson GLMM is more appropriate than the Poisson GLM. For the production Process factor, the highest risk of producing defective products is Process 1, for the Machine factor, the highest risk is Machine 5, and for the Worker factor, the highest risk is Worker 6. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defective%20autoparts%20products" title="defective autoparts products">defective autoparts products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayesian%20framework" title=" Bayesian framework"> Bayesian framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20linear%20mixed%20model%20%28GLMM%29" title=" generalized linear mixed model (GLMM)"> generalized linear mixed model (GLMM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factors" title=" risk factors "> risk factors </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10195/risk-factors-for-defective-autoparts-products-using-bayesian-method-in-poisson-generalized-linear-mixed-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10195.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">569</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4330</span> Use of DNA Barcoding and UPLC-MS to Authenticate Agathosma spp. in South African Herbal Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Pretorius">E. Pretorius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Viljoen"> A. M. Viljoen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20van%20der%20Bank"> M. van der Bank</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The phytochemistry of Agathosma crenulata and A. betulina has been studied extensively, while their molecular analysis through DNA barcoding remains virtually unexplored. This technique can confirm the identity of plant species included in a herbal product, thereby ensuring the efficacy of the herbal product and the accuracy of its label. Materials and methods: Authentic Agathosma reference material of A. betulina (n=16) and A. crenulata (n=10) were obtained. Thirteen commercial products were purchased from various health shops around Johannesburg, South Africa, using the search term “Agathosma” or “Buchu.” The plastid regions matK and ycf1 were used to barcode the Buchu products, and BRONX analysis confirmed the taxonomic identity of the samples. UPLC-MS analyses were also performed. Results: Only (30/60) 60% of the traded samples tested from 13 suppliers contained A. betulina in their herbal products. Similar results were also obtained for the UPLC-MS analysis. Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrate the application of DNA barcoding in combination with phytochemical analysis to authenticate herbal products claiming to contain Agathosma plants as an ingredient in their products. This supports manufacturing efforts to ensure that herbal products that are safe for the consumer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buchu" title="Buchu">Buchu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=substitution" title=" substitution"> substitution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barcoding" title=" barcoding"> barcoding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BRONX%20algorithm" title=" BRONX algorithm"> BRONX algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matK" title=" matK"> matK</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ycf1" title=" ycf1"> ycf1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UPLC-MS" title=" UPLC-MS"> UPLC-MS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152450/use-of-dna-barcoding-and-uplc-ms-to-authenticate-agathosma-spp-in-south-african-herbal-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=products&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=products&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=products&page=4">4</a></li> 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