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class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>Boxer Rebellion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boxer_Rebellion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.3</span> <span>World War I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interwar_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interwar_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.4</span> <span>Interwar period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interwar_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.5</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Korean_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korean_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.6</span> <span>Korean War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korean_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interwar_Period_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interwar_Period_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.7</span> <span>Interwar Period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interwar_Period_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lineage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lineage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lineage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lineage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Honors</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Honors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Honors subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Campaign_participation_credit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaign_participation_credit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Campaign participation credit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaign_participation_credit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decorations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decorations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Decorations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decorations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distinguished_Members_of_the_Regiment_(DMOR)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distinguished_Members_of_the_Regiment_(DMOR)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Distinguished Members of the Regiment (DMOR)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distinguished_Members_of_the_Regiment_(DMOR)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%229th+Infantry+Regiment%22+United+States">"9th Infantry Regiment" United States</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%229th+Infantry+Regiment%22+United+States+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%229th+Infantry+Regiment%22+United+States&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%229th+Infantry+Regiment%22+United+States+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%229th+Infantry+Regiment%22+United+States">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%229th+Infantry+Regiment%22+United+States&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2007</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">9th Infantry Regiment</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:9_Infantry_Regiment_COA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/9_Infantry_Regiment_COA.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="91" data-file-height="182" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Coat of arms</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">1855–Present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/43px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Infantry</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stryker" title="Stryker">Stryker</a> Infantry</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">1 battalion</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data">4/9INF: 1SBCT 4ID</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Garrison/HQ</th><td class="infobox-data">4th Battalion: <a href="/wiki/Fort_Carson" title="Fort Carson">Fort Carson</a>, Colorado</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Manchu<sup id="cite_ref-SUD_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SUD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Motto(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Keep Up The Fire!</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig_War_(1859)" title="Pig War (1859)">Pig War (1859)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Wars">Indian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Santiago" title="Siege of Santiago">Siege of Santiago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Relief_Expedition" title="China Relief Expedition">China Relief Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Heartbreak_Ridge" title="Battle of Heartbreak Ridge">Battle of Heartbreak Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pork_Chop_Hill" title="Battle of Pork Chop Hill">Battle of Pork Chop Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Paul_Bunyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Paul Bunyan">Operation Paul Bunyan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Golden_Pheasant" title="Operation Golden Pheasant">Operation Golden Pheasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Just_Cause" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Just Cause">Operation Just Cause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terror">War on Terror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Notable<br />commanders</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a><br /><a href="/wiki/George_Wright_(general)" title="George Wright (general)">George Wright</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Emerson_H._Liscum" title="Emerson H. Liscum">Emerson H. Liscum</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Coolidge_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles A. Coolidge (general)">Charles A. Coolidge</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Huba_Wass_de_Czege" title="Huba Wass de Czege">Huba Wass de Czege</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jones_M._Withers" title="Jones M. Withers">Jones M. Withers</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Olinto_M._Barsanti" title="Olinto M. Barsanti">Olinto M. Barsanti</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Distinctive unit insignia</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:9th_Infantry_Regiment_DUI.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/9th_Infantry_Regiment_DUI.png/110px-9th_Infantry_Regiment_DUI.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/9th_Infantry_Regiment_DUI.png 1.5x" data-file-width="162" data-file-height="159" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile" style="border-collapse: separate; margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"> U.S. Infantry Regiments</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="col" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;;text-align:center;;width:50%;border-right:#f8f9fa 2px solid;"> Previous</th><th scope="col" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;;text-align:center;;width:50%;border-left:#f8f9fa 2px solid;"> 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2nd_Infantry_Division_&quot;Indianhead&quot;_(1942–1945)" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="2nd_Infantry_Division_&quot;Indianhead&quot;_(1942–1945)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2nd Infantry Division <i>"Indianhead"</i> (1942–1945)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Parent unit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">2nd Infantry Division</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>9th Infantry Regiment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="23rd Infantry Regiment (United States)">23rd Infantry Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="38th Infantry Regiment (United States)">38th Infantry Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Field_Artillery_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="12th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)">12th Field Artillery Battalion</a> (105 mm)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Field_Artillery_Regiment_(United_States)" title="15th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)">15th Field Artillery Battalion</a> (105 mm)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/37th_Field_Artillery_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="37th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)">37th Field Artillery Battalion</a> (105 mm)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/38th_Field_Artillery_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="38th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)">38th Field Artillery Battalion</a> (155 mm)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>9th Infantry Regiment</b> ("<b>Manchu</b>"<sup id="cite_ref-SUD_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SUD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a parent infantry regiment of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>. </p><p>Unrelated units designated the 9th Infantry Regiment were organized in the United States Army in 1798 during the <a href="/wiki/Quasi-War" title="Quasi-War">Quasi-War</a>, in 1812 during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">war of 1812</a>, and in 1847 during the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a>. The 1812 regiment fought in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lundy%27s_Lane" title="Battle of Lundy's Lane">Battle of Lundy's Lane</a>, and the 1847 regiment in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Mexico_City" title="Battle for Mexico City">Battle for Mexico City</a>. </p><p>The lineage of the current regiment begins with the 1855 organization of the 9th Infantry Regiment, which was dispatched to the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a>, where it served in the <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">American Indian Wars</a>. The regiment remained in the west during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, garrisoning posts near <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>. After the end of the American Civil War the regiment continued its service through the final Indian Wars, then fought at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_Hill" title="Battle of San Juan Hill">Battle of San Juan Hill</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a>, the 9th Infantry was sent to China, where it earned the nickname Manchu. After the end of the rebellion the regiment saw duty in the <a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a>. </p><p>In 1917 the regiment became part of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Infantry Division (United States)">2nd Infantry Division</a>, with which it served during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>. Reorganized as a parent regiment during the late 1950s as the United States Army adapted its organization to the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, its 4th Battalion served with the <a href="/wiki/25th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="25th Infantry Division (United States)">25th Infantry Division</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. The 9th's 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Battalions served in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" title="United States invasion of Panama">1989–1990 United States invasion of Panama</a>, Operation Just Cause, with the <a href="/wiki/7th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="7th Infantry Division (United States)">7th Infantry Division (Light)</a>. Its 1st and 4th Battalions fought in the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> and 4th Battalion later fought in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</a> in Afghanistan in 2012-2013. Detachments of 4th Battalion deployed again to Afghanistan in support of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Freedom%E2%80%99s_Sentinel" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Freedom’s Sentinel">Operation Freedom’s Sentinel</a> in 2018-2019 and to Iraq and Syria as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve</a> in 2021-2022. 4th Battalion is, as of February 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the only remaining active battalion of the regiment, stationed at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Carson" title="Fort Carson">Fort Carson</a> with the <a href="/wiki/1st_Brigade_4th_Infantry_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Brigade 4th Infantry Division">1st Stryker Brigade Combat Team, 4th Infantry Division</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_organizations">Early organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 9th Infantry Regiment is one of the first units authorized in the United States Army. It first appeared as a result of the Act of 16 July 1798, that authorized twelve additional regiments of infantry, in January 1799. Josiah Carville Hall, of <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, was its lieutenant colonel. All of the officers were appointed from Maryland, and the regiment was recruited in that state. However it was disbanded 15 June 1800. It appeared again serving in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, it was again organized in March 1812, with Simon Learned, of Massachusetts, as colonel. The regiment was raised in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, and took part in the war on the northern border, being present at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lundy%27s_Lane" title="Battle of Lundy's Lane">Battle of Lundy's Lane</a>, and other actions in that area. Following the war in the reorganization of the army, this regiment was again disbanded. These early versions of the 9th Infantry have no lineage connection to the regiment that was formed in 1855. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexican_War">Mexican War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mexican War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a>, in April 1847, the 9th Infantry was again organized, as one of the ten one-year regiments authorized by the Act of 11 February 1847. It was recruited primarily from the six New England states. It was briefly commanded by Colonel (and future President of the United States) <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a> before Pierce was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_General_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier General (United States)">brigadier general</a> and commander of the brigade that included the 9th Regiment. Pierce was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/Truman_B._Ransom" title="Truman B. Ransom">Truman B. Ransom</a>, who was killed in the assault upon <a href="/wiki/Chapultepec_Castle" title="Chapultepec Castle">Chapultepec Castle</a>. Ransom was succeeded by Colonel Jones M. Withers, who resigned 23 May 1848, and he was succeeded by Colonel Henry L. Webb. </p><p>The regiment served in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Mexico_City" title="Battle for Mexico City">Mexico City</a> campaign and was in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Contreras" title="Battle of Contreras">Battle of Contreras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Churubusco" title="Battle of Churubusco">Battle of Churubusco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Molino_del_Rey" title="Battle of Molino del Rey">Battle of Molino del Rey</a> and at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chapultepec" title="Battle of Chapultepec">Battle of Chapultepec</a> where it took a distinguished part. At the Battle of Chapultepec it was in support of the storming force, but joined with it as a part of the assault on the citadel. Sixteen officers and eleven enlisted men of the regiment were mentioned by name in the report of <a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a> <a href="/wiki/Gideon_Pillow" class="mw-redirect" title="Gideon Pillow">Gideon Pillow</a> for meritorious conduct in this battle, among the former being Second Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/R._C._Drum" class="mw-redirect" title="R. C. Drum">R. C. Drum</a>, later a general. Another officer who served with the regiment was Major <a href="/wiki/William_B._Taliaferro" title="William B. Taliaferro">William B. Taliaferro</a>, who became a major general in the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate States Army</a> during the American Civil War. </p><p>Following the end of the war, the regiment returned to the United States where, by 26 August 1848, its officers and soldiers were discharged and the regiment was disbanded.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similar to the earlier versions of the 9th Infantry, the Mexican-American War iteration has no lineage connection to the current 9th Infantry Regiment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oregon_and_Washington_Territory_Indian_Wars">Oregon and Washington Territory Indian Wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Oregon and Washington Territory Indian Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between March and November 1855, the 9th Infantry Regiment was again organized under Colonel <a href="/wiki/George_Wright_(general)" title="George Wright (general)">George Wright</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fortress_Monroe" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortress Monroe">Fortress Monroe</a>, Virginia. It has remained in continuous existence since then; the lineage of the currently active regiment is traced back to this organization.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Silas Casey was its Lieutenant-colonel, and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Steptoe" title="Edward Steptoe">Edward Steptoe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Garnett" title="Robert S. Garnett">Robert S. Garnett</a> were its Majors. In December 1855 the regiment was ordered to the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Coast">Pacific Coast</a>, via <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>, arriving in the latter part of January 1856. The headquarters and Companies A, B, C, E, F, G, I and K, took station at <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Barracks" title="Vancouver Barracks">Fort Vancouver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_Territory" title="Washington Territory">Washington Territory</a>. Lieutenant-Colonel Casey with Companies D and H going to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Steilacoom" title="Fort Steilacoom">Fort Steilacoom</a>, and was plunged into operations against the <a href="/wiki/Nisqually_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nisqually (tribe)">Nisqually</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muckleshoot" title="Muckleshoot">Muckleshoot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puyallup_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Puyallup (tribe)">Puyallup</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Klickitat_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Klickitat (tribe)">Klickitat</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Puget_Sound_War" title="Puget Sound War">Puget Sound War</a>. </p><p>From March 1856, Colonel Wright with companies from Fort Vancouver were fighting the <a href="/wiki/Yakima_War" title="Yakima War">Yakima War</a>. Following the close of field operations until the spring of 1858, the regiment was engaged in building posts and making roads. In August 1857, Company F was detailed as escort to the Northern Boundary Commission and remained in the field on that duty nearly three years. </p><p>In 1858, during part of the wars with Native Americans in the West, the 9th was posted at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Dalles" title="Fort Dalles">Fort Dalles</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Territory" title="Oregon Territory">Oregon Territory</a> under the command of then Colonel <a href="/wiki/George_Wright_(general)" title="George Wright (general)">George Wright</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Horner_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1858, Company E under Major Steptoe formed part of a force of one hundred and fifty-nine men sent to make a reconnaissance of the country to the north of Fort Walla Walla. On 17 May 1858, Steptoe's command was attacked by over one thousand Indians in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pine_Creek" title="Battle of Pine Creek">Battle of Pine Creek</a> which triggered the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_%E2%80%93_Coeur_d%27Alene_%E2%80%93_Paloos_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Spokane – Coeur d'Alene – Paloos War">Spokane – Coeur d'Alene – Paloos War</a>. In August 1858, an expedition from <a href="/wiki/Fort_Dalles" title="Fort Dalles">Fort Dalles</a> under Colonel Wright proceed against the <a href="/wiki/Spokane" class="mw-redirect" title="Spokane">Spokane</a> Indians and their allies. The following <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Four_Lakes" title="Battle of Four Lakes">Battle of Four Lakes</a> brought about a lasting peace with the Indians of eastern Washington. </p><p>In October 1860, Captain <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Tracy_Dent" title="Frederick Tracy Dent">Frederick Tracy Dent</a> with Company B and a detachment of Company E, left <a href="/wiki/Fort_Walla_Walla" title="Fort Walla Walla">Fort Walla Walla</a>, to rescue the emigrants who had escaped from the <a href="/wiki/Utter_Party_Massacre" title="Utter Party Massacre">Salmon Falls Massacre</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Snake_River" title="Snake River">Snake River</a>. In May 1861, a detachment of the regiment was detailed as an escort to the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Benton,_Montana" title="Fort Benton, Montana">Fort Benton</a> wagon road expedition, for nearly fifteen months. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_War_and_late_19th-century_Indian_wars">Civil War and late 19th-century Indian wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Civil War and late 19th-century Indian wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, the 9th Infantry Regiment was ordered to San Francisco prior to its transfer to the East. Its colonel, <a href="/wiki/George_Wright_(general)" title="George Wright (general)">George Wright</a>, was promoted to command of the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Pacific" title="Department of the Pacific">Department of the Pacific</a>, and the order was revoked. The regiment was left on the Pacific Coast, where it had duty at the posts near San Francisco, performing provost guard duty in that city until late in 1865. Following the death of Colonel Wright in the wreck of the steamer <i><a href="/wiki/Brother_Jonathan_(steamer)" title="Brother Jonathan (steamer)">Brother Jonathan</a></i>, Colonel <a href="/wiki/John_H._King" title="John H. King">John H. King</a> succeeded to command of the 9th Regiment in December 1866. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Good_Marksmanship_and_Guts._DA_Poster_21-45.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Good_Marksmanship_and_Guts._DA_Poster_21-45.jpg/220px-Good_Marksmanship_and_Guts._DA_Poster_21-45.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Good_Marksmanship_and_Guts._DA_Poster_21-45.jpg/330px-Good_Marksmanship_and_Guts._DA_Poster_21-45.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Good_Marksmanship_and_Guts._DA_Poster_21-45.jpg/440px-Good_Marksmanship_and_Guts._DA_Poster_21-45.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Near Fort Phil Kearney, Wyoming, 2 August 1867. The <a href="/wiki/Wagon_Box_Fight" title="Wagon Box Fight">Wagon Box Fight</a>. A small force of 30 men on the 9th Infantry led by Brevet Major James Powell was attacked in the early morning hours by some 2,000 Sioux Indians. The soldiers hastily erected a barricade of wagon boxes, and withstood multiple charge. The Sioux finally withdrew, leaving behind several hundred killed and wounded.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the period from 1866 to 1869, elements of the regiment were in the <a href="/wiki/Snake_War" title="Snake War">Snake War</a> in Northern California and Oregon and in conflict with the <a href="/wiki/Chemehuevi" title="Chemehuevi">Chemehuevi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a>. In June 1869, the regiment was ordered to the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Platte" title="Department of the Platte">Department of the Platte</a>, where it absorbed the 2nd establishment of the <a href="/wiki/27th_Infantry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="27th Infantry Regiment">27th Infantry Regiment</a>. It was from the 27th Infantry Regiment that the regiment gets its Civil War battle honors, derived from the 2nd Battalion of the <a href="/wiki/18th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="18th Infantry Regiment (United States)">18th Infantry Regiment</a> that was the cadre around which the 27th formed at the end of the Civil War. </p><p>Following the reorganization the 9th Infantry performed garrison duty at various posts and guard duty on the <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific_Railroad" title="Union Pacific Railroad">Union Pacific Railroad</a> line. In May 1873, six companies, A, D, E, F, H and I, were sent to the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Dakota" title="Department of Dakota">Department of Dakota</a> for duty with the <a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellowstone Expedition">Yellowstone Expedition</a>, escorting the engineers locating the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Pacific_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Pacific Railroad">Northern Pacific Railroad</a>. From the summer of 1874 to May 1876, the regiment was stationed at posts on or near the <a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a> reservation in <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> and was almost constantly escorting wagon trains. In the summer of 1875 Companies C, E and H, were in the <a href="/wiki/Black_Hills" title="Black Hills">Black Hills</a>, Dakota, as part of the escort to the <a href="/wiki/Newton%E2%80%93Jenney_Party" title="Newton–Jenney Party">Newton–Jenney Party</a>, Company E remained in the field until November assisting in ejecting white intruders who had entered Sioux territory. </p><p>In May 1876, Companies C, G and H became a part of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Sioux_War_of_1876#Summer_expeditions" title="Great Sioux War of 1876">Big Horn and Yellowstone Expedition</a> under command of Brigadier General Crook and were in the field until late in October taking part in the engagement with the Indians at <a href="/wiki/Tongue_River_(Montana)" title="Tongue River (Montana)">Tongue River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>, 9 June, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Rosebud" title="Battle of the Rosebud">Battle of the Rosebud</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slim_Buttes" title="Battle of Slim Buttes">Battle of Slim Buttes</a>. Companies G and H also assisted in repelling a night attack by Indians on the camp on Goose Creek, Wyoming, 9 July 1876. In the early part of September the entire command was without rations for a number of days, and subsisted on horse flesh and a small quantity of dried meat and fruit captured at Slim Buttes. In October 1876, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Sioux_War_of_1876#Mackenzie's_campaign" title="Great Sioux War of 1876">Powder River Expedition</a> was organized and Companies A, B, D, F, I and K formed a part of it. They remained in the field until January 1877, during the most severe part of the winter, and practically brought to a termination the <a href="/wiki/Great_Sioux_War_of_1876" title="Great Sioux War of 1876">Great Sioux War of 1876</a>. </p><p>In July 1877, Companies B, D, F, H, I and K were a part of the force sent to Chicago, Illinois, at the time of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Railroad_Strike_of_1877" title="Great Railroad Strike of 1877">Great Railroad Strike of 1877</a>. They remained a month performing guard duty over various public and private institutions. </p><p>During the summer and fall of 1878 Companies B, C, H and I were a part of a force of observation on the <a href="/wiki/Little_Missouri_River_(North_Dakota)" title="Little Missouri River (North Dakota)">Little Missouri River</a>, and in the northwestern part of the Black Hills. </p><p>In October 1878 Companies G and K were part of the force in the field in the <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheyenne War">Cheyenne War</a>. Company K was mounted and took active part in the pursuit. </p><p>In October 1879, Companies E and K went into the field in the <a href="/wiki/White_River_War" class="mw-redirect" title="White River War">White River War</a>, remaining until July 1880. </p><p>In 1883, Col. John S. Mason, took command of the 9th Regiment and in July 1886, the regiment went to the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Arizona" title="Department of Arizona">Department of Arizona</a>. During their service there the regiment was in garrisons at every post in Arizona and at some posts in New Mexico. Four companies, C, E, H and I, were in the field in New Mexico for about a month during the Apache campaign of 1886 against <a href="/wiki/Geronimo" title="Geronimo">Geronimo</a>. </p><p>Following the end of the Indian Wars the regiment participated in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>. It fought in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_Hill" title="Battle of San Juan Hill">Battle of San Juan Hill</a> A member of the ninth infantry, Ira C. Welborn, was awarded the Medal of Honor for going under enemy fire to save a private.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_9th_Infantry_Regiment_in_the_Philippines_1899.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US_9th_Infantry_Regiment_in_the_Philippines_1899.jpg/400px-US_9th_Infantry_Regiment_in_the_Philippines_1899.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/US_9th_Infantry_Regiment_in_the_Philippines_1899.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="467" data-file-height="93" /></a><figcaption>The US 9th Infantry Regiment in the Philippines, 1899</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:9th-US-Infantry-Regt-Sacred-Gate.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/9th-US-Infantry-Regt-Sacred-Gate.jpeg/220px-9th-US-Infantry-Regt-Sacred-Gate.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/9th-US-Infantry-Regt-Sacred-Gate.jpeg/330px-9th-US-Infantry-Regt-Sacred-Gate.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/9th-US-Infantry-Regt-Sacred-Gate.jpeg/440px-9th-US-Infantry-Regt-Sacred-Gate.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1372" data-file-height="1442" /></a><figcaption>9th Infantry Regiment lined up before the <a href="/wiki/Meridian_Gate" title="Meridian Gate">Meridian Gate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forbidden_City" title="Forbidden City">Forbidden City</a>, Peking, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1901</span>. American Minister <a href="/wiki/Edwin_H._Conger" title="Edwin H. Conger">Edwin H. Conger</a> and family in foreground.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Boxer_Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Boxer Rebellion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liscum_Bowl_circa_1907.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Liscum_Bowl_circa_1907.jpg/220px-Liscum_Bowl_circa_1907.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Liscum_Bowl_circa_1907.jpg/330px-Liscum_Bowl_circa_1907.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Liscum_Bowl_circa_1907.jpg/440px-Liscum_Bowl_circa_1907.jpg 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>The Regiment's prized <a href="/wiki/Liscum_Bowl" title="Liscum Bowl">Liscum Bowl</a>, was made from silver given to the 9th Infantry Regiment by China after the Battle of Tientsin. It is now worth more than $2.5 million.</figcaption></figure> <p>At the beginning of the century the U.S. Army dispatched the 9th Infantry Regiment to <a href="/wiki/Qing_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing China">Qing China</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a> and the <a href="/wiki/China_Relief_Expedition" title="China Relief Expedition">China Relief Expedition</a> where the regiment earned the nickname "<a href="/wiki/Manchu" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchu">Manchus</a>". </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tientsin" title="Battle of Tientsin">Battle of Tientsin</a>, three 9th Regiment soldiers received the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> and the regimental commander, Col. <a href="/wiki/Emerson_H._Liscum" title="Emerson H. Liscum">Emerson H. Liscum</a>, was killed by Chinese fire, as was the flag bearer for the regiment. A Chinese sniper shot Liscum as he tried to steady the flag after the bearer was killed. The Chinese again unleashed a torrent of fire upon the Allies, which forced them to lie face down in mud. The dark blue uniform of the American troops provided a virtual bull's eye to the Chinese troops, equipped with western firearms, such as Winchesters, Mausers, and Mannlichers.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many American troops died from Chinese sniper fire before they took the city.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The regiment suffered a ten percent casualty rate in the battle. </p><p>Colonel Liscum's dying words gave the regiment its motto, "Keep up the Fire." Lt. Col. <a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Coolidge_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles A. Coolidge (general)">Charles A. Coolidge</a> assumed command, the Allies then captured the city. Additionally, the 9th Regiment saved millions of dollars worth of silver from being looted from a government mint. In a show of gratitude from the Chinese government, the regiment was awarded two silver ingots from which the <a href="/wiki/Liscum_Bowl" title="Liscum Bowl">Liscum Bowl</a> was created.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The regiment fought in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yangcun" title="Battle of Yangcun">Battle of Yangcun</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Philippines">Philippines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balangiga_photo_of_Company_C_with_Valeriano_Abanador.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Balangiga_photo_of_Company_C_with_Valeriano_Abanador.jpg/300px-Balangiga_photo_of_Company_C_with_Valeriano_Abanador.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Balangiga_photo_of_Company_C_with_Valeriano_Abanador.jpg/450px-Balangiga_photo_of_Company_C_with_Valeriano_Abanador.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Balangiga_photo_of_Company_C_with_Valeriano_Abanador.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="328" /></a><figcaption>Soldiers of Company C, 9th US Infantry Regiment with Valeriano Abanador (standing, sixth from right) in Balangiga in August 1901.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balangiga_Bells.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Balangiga_Bells.jpg/220px-Balangiga_Bells.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Balangiga_Bells.jpg/330px-Balangiga_Bells.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Balangiga_Bells.jpg/440px-Balangiga_Bells.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2115" data-file-height="1311" /></a><figcaption>U.S. soldiers of Company C, 9th Infantry Regiment pose with one of the <a href="/wiki/Balangiga_bells" title="Balangiga bells">Balangiga bells</a> seized as war trophy. Photo taken in <a href="/wiki/Calbayog,_Samar" class="mw-redirect" title="Calbayog, Samar">Calbayog, Samar</a> in April 1902.</figcaption></figure> <p>Following duty in China the regiment served in the <a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Company C of the Regiment suffered casualties in the <a href="/wiki/Balangiga_massacre" title="Balangiga massacre">Balangiga massacre</a> of September 1901.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_I">World War I</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In early October 1917, the Manchus deployed to France as part of the "Indianhead" <a href="/wiki/2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Infantry Division (United States)">2nd Infantry Division</a>. During the course of the war, 9th infantrymen earned battle streamers for their colors at Lorraine, He de France, Aisne-Marne, and St. Mihiel. In 1918, the Manchu Regiment received the French <a href="/wiki/Fourrag%C3%A8re" title="Fourragère">Fourragère</a> for gallantry during the <a href="/wiki/Meuse-Argonne_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Meuse-Argonne offensive">Meuse-Argonne offensive</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Interwar_period">Interwar period</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Interwar period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 9th Infantry Regiment arrived at the port of New York on 1 August 1919 on the <a href="/wiki/USS_Princess_Matoika" title="USS Princess Matoika">USS Princess Matoika</a>, and was transferred on 16 August 1919 to Camp Travis, Texas; Camp Travis was consolidated 12 December 1922 with Fort Sam Houston. The regiment typically maintained one company at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Bullis" title="Camp Bullis">Camp Bullis</a>, Texas, and one company at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Crockett" title="Fort Crockett">Fort Crockett</a>, Texas, from 1921 to 1940. The regiment participated 20 September–2 November 1926 in the production of the <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> movie <i><a href="/wiki/Wings_(1927_film)" title="Wings (1927 film)">Wings</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Stanley_(Texas)" title="Camp Stanley (Texas)">Camp Stanley</a>, Texas. Company M was awarded the Edwin Howard Clark machine gun trophy for 1934. For the company stationed at Fort Crockett, its initial wartime mission in accordance with established war plans was to conduct a mobile defense of possible amphibious landing areas in support of the Harbor Defenses of <a href="/wiki/Galveston_Bay" title="Galveston Bay">Galveston Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_II">World War II</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2nd_Infantry_Division,_E-1_draw,_Easy_Red_sector,_Omaha_Beach,_D%2B1,_June_7,_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/2nd_Infantry_Division%2C_E-1_draw%2C_Easy_Red_sector%2C_Omaha_Beach%2C_D%2B1%2C_June_7%2C_1944.jpg/220px-2nd_Infantry_Division%2C_E-1_draw%2C_Easy_Red_sector%2C_Omaha_Beach%2C_D%2B1%2C_June_7%2C_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/2nd_Infantry_Division%2C_E-1_draw%2C_Easy_Red_sector%2C_Omaha_Beach%2C_D%2B1%2C_June_7%2C_1944.jpg/330px-2nd_Infantry_Division%2C_E-1_draw%2C_Easy_Red_sector%2C_Omaha_Beach%2C_D%2B1%2C_June_7%2C_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/2nd_Infantry_Division%2C_E-1_draw%2C_Easy_Red_sector%2C_Omaha_Beach%2C_D%2B1%2C_June_7%2C_1944.jpg/440px-2nd_Infantry_Division%2C_E-1_draw%2C_Easy_Red_sector%2C_Omaha_Beach%2C_D%2B1%2C_June_7%2C_1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2640" data-file-height="1824" /></a><figcaption>2nd Infantry Division marching up the bluff at the E-1 draw in the Easy Red sector of <a href="/wiki/Omaha_Beach" title="Omaha Beach">Omaha Beach</a> on D+1, 7 June 1944.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Brittany_-_Brest_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Battle_of_Brittany_-_Brest_02.jpg/300px-Battle_of_Brittany_-_Brest_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Battle_of_Brittany_-_Brest_02.jpg/450px-Battle_of_Brittany_-_Brest_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Battle_of_Brittany_-_Brest_02.jpg/600px-Battle_of_Brittany_-_Brest_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2089" data-file-height="1669" /></a><figcaption>Troops of the 2nd Infantry Division advance under machine gun fire into the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Brest" title="Battle for Brest">Brest</a> August/September 1944.</figcaption></figure> <p>The 9th Infantry Regiment returned to Europe with the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Infantry Division (United States)">Second Infantry Division</a> in October 1943 for the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">invasion of France</a>. After breaking out from the <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a> beachhead the Manchus participated in the fight for Hill 192, a pivotal strongpoint in <a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%B4#World_War_II" title="Saint-Lô">The Battle of Saint-Lo</a> and participated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Brest" title="Battle for Brest">Battle for Brest</a>. In December 1944 the 9th Infantry was at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elsenborn_Ridge" title="Battle of Elsenborn Ridge">Elsenborn Ridge</a> where it waged an 18-hour engagement during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Battle of the Bulge</a>. After the reduction of the German salient, the 9th spearheaded a 1945 drive toward the <a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Line" title="Siegfried Line">Siegfried Line</a>. The Manchus crossed the Rhine in March 1945 and advanced rapidly through Saxony into Czechoslovakia, ending the war with many decorations including three <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Unit_Citation_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Unit Citation (US)">Presidential Unit Citations</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Korean_War">Korean War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Korean War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Punchbowl,_Heartbreak_Ridge_and_Bloody_Ridge.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Punchbowl%2C_Heartbreak_Ridge_and_Bloody_Ridge.gif/220px-Punchbowl%2C_Heartbreak_Ridge_and_Bloody_Ridge.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Punchbowl%2C_Heartbreak_Ridge_and_Bloody_Ridge.gif/330px-Punchbowl%2C_Heartbreak_Ridge_and_Bloody_Ridge.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Punchbowl%2C_Heartbreak_Ridge_and_Bloody_Ridge.gif/440px-Punchbowl%2C_Heartbreak_Ridge_and_Bloody_Ridge.gif 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Punchbowl, Heartbreak Ridge and Bloody Ridge</figcaption></figure> <p>When South Korea was invaded in 1950 the Manchus returned to the far east and the Korean Peninsula. Manchu troops were the first of the 2nd Infantry Division to engage North Korean forces, at <a href="/wiki/Yeongsan" title="Yeongsan">Yongsan</a> in August 1950, against numerically superior force.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were later successful at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bloody_Ridge" title="Battle of Bloody Ridge">Bloody Ridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Heartbreak_Ridge" title="Battle of Heartbreak Ridge">Heartbreak Ridge</a>, Old Baldy, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pork_Chop_Hill" title="Battle of Pork Chop Hill">Pork Chop Hill</a>, and T-Bone Hill. During the Korean War, the regiment earned an additional Presidential Unit Citation for its gallant service at Hongchon, and six of its members received the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a>: <a href="/wiki/Loren_R._Kaufman" title="Loren R. Kaufman">Loren R. Kaufman</a> (4 and 5 September 1950), <a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Krzyzowski" title="Edward C. Krzyzowski">Edward C. Krzyzowski</a> (31 August to 3 September 1951), <a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Ouellette" title="Joseph R. Ouellette">Joseph R. Ouellette</a> (31 August to 3 September 1951), <a href="/wiki/David_M._Smith_(Medal_of_Honor)" title="David M. Smith (Medal of Honor)">David M. Smith</a> (1 September 1950), <a href="/wiki/Luther_H._Story" title="Luther H. Story">Luther H. Story</a> (1 September 1950) and <a href="/wiki/Travis_E._Watkins" title="Travis E. Watkins">Travis E. Watkins</a> (31 August to 3 September 1950). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Interwar_Period_2">Interwar Period</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Interwar Period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 20 June 1957, the regiment was relieved from the 2nd Infantry Division and reorganized as a parent regiment under the <a href="/wiki/Combat_Arms_Regimental_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat Arms Regimental System">Combat Arms Regimental System</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until then, the Army preserved battle honors and history of the regiments during the reduction after every war by consolidating those into the remaining regiments. With the reorganization of the divisions into <a href="/wiki/Pentomic" title="Pentomic">Pentomic</a> divisions with five battle groups instead of regiments, the Army developed a new system in which units could be inactivated and reactivated and still maintain the history and battle honors of named regiment and battalions. The 10th Infantry Division was reflagged as the 2nd Infantry Division and reorganized into a Pentomic Division at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Benning" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Benning">Fort Benning</a>, Georgia in June 1958. The 1st and 4tth Battalions of the 9th Infantry remained in Alaska as a separate battle group while the 2nd Battalion was reactivated as the 2nd Battle Group, 9th Infantry under the 2nd Infantry Division. The short-lived Pentomic experiment turned out to be an utter failure and the Army reorganized into <a href="/wiki/Reorganization_Objective_Army_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Reorganization Objective Army Division">Reorganization Objective Army Division</a> in 1963, but instead of three regiments with three battalions each, the new division had three brigades with three battalions each. To preserve as many regimental histories as possible, the brigades typically had no more than two battalions of any regiment. The 2nd and 4th Battle Groups were reorganized and redesignated the 2nd and 4th Battalions, 9th Infantry in February 1963. The 1st and 2nd Battalions fell under the 2nd Infantry Division while the 4th Battalion at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Wainwright" title="Fort Wainwright">Fort Wainwright</a> fell under the 171st Infantry Brigade until it was transferred to the 25th Infantry Division in 1966. </p><p>In 1963, the new 2nd Infantry Division reorganized and trained in the air assault concept identified by the <a href="/wiki/Howze_Board" title="Howze Board">Howze Board</a> with the 1st Battalion, 9th Infantry reassigned to it. The division was then redesignated as the <a href="/wiki/11th_Air_Assault_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="11th Air Assault Division">11th Air Assault Division</a>. In 1965, the division was redesignated as the 1st Cavalry Division and essentially the flags traded places with similar units in Korea. The 1st and 2nd Battalions, 9th Infantry were reflagged in Korea under the 2nd infantry Division. The 2nd Battalion remained in Korea until inactivated at Fort Lewis in June 1971. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vietnam_War">Vietnam War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Vietnam War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 14 January 1966, the 4th Battalion, 9th Infantry Regiment, was relieved from assignment to the <a href="/wiki/171st_Infantry_Brigade_(United_States)" title="171st Infantry Brigade (United States)">171st Infantry Brigade</a> and assigned to the <a href="/wiki/25th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="25th Infantry Division (United States)">25th Infantry Division "Tropic Lightning"</a> at <a href="/wiki/Schofield_Barracks" title="Schofield Barracks">Schofield Barracks</a>, Hawaii. A month earlier these Manchus had been in Alaska preparing for annual winter maneuvers to be conducted in temperatures of 50 below zero. Eight weeks later the battalion was preparing for deployment to the heat and humidity of <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a>. </p><p>On 29 April, the battalion disembarked the ship <i>General Walker</i> at <a href="/wiki/V%C5%A9ng_T%C3%A0u" title="Vũng Tàu">Vũng Tàu</a>, Vietnam. Within hours of their arrival they found themselves under fire as their convoy made its way to the 25th Division's <a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%A7_Chi_Base_Camp" title="Củ Chi Base Camp">Củ Chi Base Camp</a>. The next day, a little more than 24 hours after arriving in country, Alpha company engaged the enemy in a firefight – setting the tone of regular contact that would characterize the Manchu experience for the next four and a half years. </p><p>Many operations were conducted by company-sized or smaller units but there were also notable larger scale operations in which the entire battalion took part. They included Asheville, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Wahiawa" title="Operation Wahiawa">Wahiawa</a>, Joliet I and II, Helemano, and Kahana I and II. </p><p>On 22 February 1968 the Manchus closed the <a href="/wiki/Katum_Camp" title="Katum Camp">Katum Camp</a> which had served as the large forward base for the 1st BDE near the Cambodian border. After a day at <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_Ninh_Combat_Base" title="Tây Ninh Combat Base">Tây Ninh Combat Base</a> to prepare, the Manchus moved out to Củ Chi and eventually arrived north of Tan Son Nhut on 25 February. The mission was to find and destroy rocket sites that had been used to fire on <a href="/wiki/Tan_Son_Nhut_Air_Base" title="Tan Son Nhut Air Base">Tan Son Nhut Air Base</a> since the <a href="/wiki/Tet_Offensive" title="Tet Offensive">Tet Offensive</a> began nearly a month earlier. At 9:00 AM on 2 March 1968, the Manchus walked into what was to become one of the worst single-encounter loss of life incidents in the history of the Vietnam war.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forty-nine members of Charlie Company were killed and 24 wounded in an ambush by a large communist force on Route 248 north and east of Tan Son Nhut near the small village of Quoi Xuan. In addition, C Company suffered 24 wounded while D Company suffered casualties in the fighting to reach Charlie Company. SP4 <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_J._Cutinha" title="Nicholas J. Cutinha">Nicholas J. Cutinha</a> would be posthumously awarded the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> for his actions at Quoi Xuan. Manchu Alpha, Bravo, and Delta continued operations in this area and took many more casualties until finally leaving on 11 March 1968. Rocket sites had been destroyed, and a formidable communist force had been weakened, if not destroyed. But, it had come at a great cost to the Manchus and particularly Charlie Company. </p><p>In the four years and six months of service in Vietnam with the 25th Division, the 4th Battalion of the Manchus received two Presidential Citations and added 12 campaign streamers to regimental colors for combat operations in the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam). It is estimated that 450 4th Battalion Manchus were killed in the Vietnam War. </p><p>Three Manchus were posthumous recipients of the Medal of Honor, the United States' highest award for valor: Nicholas J. Cutinha, <a href="/wiki/Ruppert_L._Sargent" title="Ruppert L. Sargent">Ruppert L. Sargent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maximo_Yabes" title="Maximo Yabes">Maximo Yabes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1970s">1970s</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After its service during the Vietnam War, the 4th Battalion was transferred back to Hawaii where it was inactivated in June 1972 and reactivated under the 171st Infantry Brigade again in Alaska in August 1972. During the Vietnam War, the 6th Battalion, 9th Infantry Regiment was assigned to the 171st Infantry Brigade at Fort Wainwright, Alaska. The majority of the unit's training was in light infantry winter operations. The training consisted of developing cold weather operations and mountaineering skills. Modes of transportation included using skis or snowshoes and pulling equipment on Ahkio sleds; helicopters; or Air Force transport aircraft. Company C, 6th Battalion was an Airborne unit, and was the first of the "Charlie Airborne" companies stationed in Alaska. Summer training was primarily adventurous in nature, and included encampments at primitive locations within the state. The 6th Battalion was also a regular participant in the annual 'Alaska Days' parade in <a href="/wiki/Sitka,_Alaska" title="Sitka, Alaska">Sitka</a>. The 9th Infantry Regiment was included in this event because it was stationed in Sitka when the Alaska Purchase was finalized, and Alaska was turned over to the United States by Imperial Russia. In 1972, the 6th Battalion was inactivated, and its Soldiers and equipment were used to reactivate the 4th Battalion, 9th Infantry Regiment. The 4th Battalion was assigned to the 172nd Infantry Brigade at Fort Richardson, but remained stationed at Fort Wainwright, and its Company C was retained on airborne status. </p><p>In the summer of 1975, the inactive 2nd Battalion was activated and assigned to the 1st Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division, at Camp Casey, Republic of Korea (South Korea). In March 1976, the 2nd Battalion moved to Camp Greaves near the DMZ, with A Company manning Camp Liberty Bell. Missions there included reconnaissance patrols within the DMZ; manning Guard Posts Collier and Oulette, both located within the DMZ and supporting the United Nations Command Joint Security Force at Camp Kitty Hawk; securing Freedom Bridge, spanning the route south from Panmunjom across the Imjim river; and manning a small sector of the southern boundary fence of the DMZ. (Camp Kitty Hawk was later renamed Camp Bonifas in memory of Captain Arthur Bonifas, who was murdered along with Lieutenant Mark Barrett by North Korean troops during the <a href="/wiki/Korean_axe_murder_incident" title="Korean axe murder incident">Axe Murder Incident</a>, which resulted in Operation Paul Bunyan being conducted by the United States Army.) </p><p>In late 1978, the 2nd Battalion was relieved of duty on the DMZ by its sister 1st Battalion, 9th Infantry Regiment and then inactivated at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Riley" title="Fort Riley">Fort Riley</a>, Kansas in December 1979. The 1st Battalion had been stationed at Camp Hovey and Camp Liberty bell was commanded by LTC Clinton Fields. The 1st Battalion continued the mission to man Guard Posts Oulette and Collier, conduct combat and recon patrols, man the southern entrance to the DMZ and maintain the bridge platoon that guarded Freedom Bridge. LTC Clinton Fields relinquished command of the 1st Battalion to LTC Michael D. Collins soon after the move from Camp Hovey to Camp Greaves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1980s_and_1990s">1980s and 1990s</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 1980s and 1990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1983, the 1st Battalion was a light infantry battalion still stationed in Korea under the 3rd Brigade of the 2nd Infantry Division while the 4th Battalion remained in Alaska. As part of the Combat Arms Regimental System, the <a href="/wiki/7th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="7th Infantry Division (United States)">7th Infantry Division</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Ord" title="Fort Ord">Fort Ord</a>, California reflagged two battalions in its 1st Brigade as the 2nd and 4th Battalions of the 9th Infantry in 1983. In concept, the 9th Infantry would have two battalions stateside and one forward deployed overseas. In 1985, the 7th Infantry Division reorganized as a light infantry division. This began the light infantry phase of Manchu history. That same year, the 1st Brigade Commander, Colonel <a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Ord_III" title="Robert L. Ord III">Robert L. Ord III</a>, redesignated the 2-17th Infantry as the 3rd Battalion of the 9th Infantry and then redesignated his brigade headquarters as the 9th Infantry Regiment. This became the only brigade redesignated as a regiment in the 7th Infantry Division. </p><p>In 1986, Colonel <a href="/wiki/Huba_Wass_de_Czege" title="Huba Wass de Czege">Huba Wass de Czege</a> assumed command of the regiment. The 3rd Battalion had become the first COHORT battalion of the regiment and upon arrival at Fort Ord, every new COHORT battalion had to complete a Rights of Passage (ROP) training to qualify it to deploy, since the division belonged to the Rapid Deployment Force. The Light Fighter training culminated with a 25-mile road march. Every member of the regiment by virtue of assignment was authorized to wear the Manchu belt buckle. Wass de Czege made it policy that Manchus earned the right to wear the belt buckle upon completion of the 25-mile road march. This ordeal would continue long after the light infantry days and become known as the "Manchu Mile." </p><p>In April 1987, the Army redesignated the 1st Battalion as the 1st Battalion of the 506th Parachute Infantry and Wass de Czege redesignated the 4th Battalion as the 1st. This brought the trophy room and <a href="/wiki/Liscum_Bowl" title="Liscum Bowl">Liscum Bowl</a> to Fort Ord. In 1988, Colonel <a href="/wiki/David_R.E._Hale" class="mw-redirect" title="David R.E. Hale">David R.E. Hale</a> replaced Wass de Czege as the regimental commander. </p><p>In April 1989, the 3rd Battalion deployed to the Sinai as part of the <a href="/wiki/Multinational_Force_and_Observers" title="Multinational Force and Observers">Multinational Force and Observers</a> (MFO). In May, the 1st and 2nd Battalions along with the regimental headquarters deployed to Panama as part of a show-of-force Operation Nimrod Dancer along with other U.S. forces. At that time, the entire 9th Infantry had the unique distinction of being deployed on peacekeeping missions around the globe. Stationed at Fort Sherman, companies of the 9th conducted route reconnaissance and security patrols between Forts Sherman and Gulick on the other side of the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a>. The Bravo Company “Bandits” of 2nd Battalion, commanded by CPT Warren Bishop, and an Engineer squad occupied an abandoned Officer's Club and the abandoned movie theater on Fort Espinar (previously known as Fort Gulick; prior home of the School of the Americas) and conducted live presence patrolling to protect American families living on Fort Espinar who at the time were being harassed by Panamanian forces. The Bandits also conducted live patrolling at the nearby Rodman Arraijan Tank Farm. By the end of November, the 9th Infantry all elements of the regiment had re-deployed to Fort Ord and returned less than a month later for the U.S. invasion. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Operation_Just_Cause.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Operation_Just_Cause.jpg/300px-Operation_Just_Cause.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Operation_Just_Cause.jpg/450px-Operation_Just_Cause.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Operation_Just_Cause.jpg/600px-Operation_Just_Cause.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1412" data-file-height="899" /></a><figcaption>Tactical map of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Just_Cause" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Just Cause">Operation Just Cause</a> showing major points of attack</figcaption></figure> <p>During <a href="/wiki/Operation_Just_Cause" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Just Cause">Operation Just Cause</a> in December 1989, the 9th Infantry deployed to Panama under the command of Colonel Hale as last brigade of the 7th Infantry Division (Light). The 3rd Brigade had replaced it at Fort Sherman the previous month and the 2nd Brigade received responsibility to force the surrender of Panamanian Defense Forces (PDF) from the Canal Zone to the Costa Rican border. With two division headquarters in Panama, the <a href="/wiki/82nd_Airborne_Division" title="82nd Airborne Division">82nd Airborne Division</a> assumed operational control of the Atlantic side of the Canal Zone with the 3rd Brigade and the 7th Infantry Division received responsibility for clearing Panama City of resistance. It received operational control of its 9th Infantry and the brigade from the 82nd. Lt. Col. <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Swannack,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Charles H. Swannack, Jr.">Chuck Swannack</a> commanded the 2nd Battalion in the city. The main focus shifted to searching for weapons cashes hidden in the city. Based upon vetted reports, 2nd Battalion's Alpha Company under the command of Captain Terry Whitacker raided a residence and found an extensive weapons cache but unknown to them at the time belonged to the Nicaraguan ambassador. This caused an international incident. </p><p>The Manchus of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Battalions earned the <a href="/wiki/Combat_Infantryman_Badge" title="Combat Infantryman Badge">Combat Infantryman Badge</a> (CIB) for the first time since the Korean War. Initially DOD awarded the CIB to all soldiers who took part in Just Cause, but subsequently rescinded the awards after closer review of regulations found that the CIB could only be awarded to 11-series <a href="/wiki/Military_Occupational_Specialty" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Occupational Specialty">MOS</a> (infantry) soldiers. This led to an attempt by a number of 1st Battalion infantrymen to return their CIBs in solidarity with the combat medics, air defenders, and others who had to take up the rifle and engage in the same house to house and jungle fighting as the infantry. After clearing its area of responsibility, the 9th Infantry conducted a relief in place of the brigade from the 82nd and continued to clear that sector of Panama City. it finally redeployed to Fort Ord in February 1990. </p><p>Panama was the last conflict fought by the Manchus under the 7th Infantry Division (Light). Colonel Ord rose to lieutenant general and commanded <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Pacific" title="United States Army Pacific">United States Army Pacific</a>. Colonel Wass de Czege retired as a brigadier general. Lt. Col Swannack commanded the 82nd Airborne Division during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Iraqi_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Iraqi Freedom">Operation Iraqi Freedom</a>. Another key officer was Lt. Col. William J. "Bill" Leszczynski, Jr., who later commanded the <a href="/wiki/75th_Ranger_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="75th Ranger Regiment (United States)">75th Ranger Regiment</a> and was promoted to brigadier general. Hale himself became a major general, but was forced into retirement because of personal misconduct of a sexual nature. Hale was subsequently court-martialed in 1999 and reduced in rank (for retired pay purposes) to brigadier general. </p><p>As part of 1993 <a href="/wiki/Base_Realignment_and_Closure" title="Base Realignment and Closure">Base Realignment and Closure</a>, the Army inactivated the 9th infantry Division at Fort Lewis, Washington and planned to replace it with the 7th Infantry Division (Light) due to the scheduled closure of Fort Ord. The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Battalions and the Regimental Headquarters (along with the Regimental Treasure, including the Liscum Bowl) became the first brigade of the division to relocate to Fort Lewis in late 1993. The unit moved into the barracks near the 75th Ranger Battalion, adjacent to Grey Army Airfield on the main post of Fort Lewis. One of the last cohort units of basic training recruits (B Co, 38th ID, Fort Benning) which were initially assigned to the 7th Infantry Division were subsequently either reassigned to other mechanized units or reassigned to the 9th in Fort Lewis just prior to graduation and were quickly integrated into the 9th once they reported for duty there. The Army inactivated the 7th Infantry Division and its two remaining brigades at Fort Ord in 1994. So, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Battalions of the 9th continued to serve at Fort Lewis for the next two years, before being reassigned to the 25th Infantry Division. </p><p>The 4th and 5th Battalions, 9th Infantry Regiment were activated back at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Wainwright" title="Fort Wainwright">Fort Wainwright</a>, Alaska in 1986. They were assigned to the 1st Brigade of the 6th Infantry Division (Arctic Light) and were specially trained in <a href="/wiki/Arctic_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctic warfare">Arctic warfare</a>. The 5th Battalion was reflagged 1st Battalion, 17th Infantry Regiment in 1994 and the 4th Battalion was reflagged 2nd Battalion, 1st Infantry Regiment in 1995. These renamings occurred prior to the brigade being redesignated as the <a href="/wiki/172nd_Infantry_Brigade_(United_States)" title="172nd Infantry Brigade (United States)">172nd Infantry Brigade</a> and the division being inactivated. </p><p>In January 1995, the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Battalion, 9th Infantry Regiment, along with augmentation from the 79th Forward Support Battalion, 2nd Battalion, 8th Field Artillery (Automatic), and the 13th Engineer Company, deployed from Fort Lewis to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba in support of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Sea_Signal" title="Operation Sea Signal">Operation Sea Signal</a> where they provided transportation and security for Cuban and Haitian immigrants awaiting movement to the United States by supporting camps Echo, Foxtrot, and Golf. The 1st of the 9th, known as Task Force 1st Manchu, returned to Fort Lewis in June 1995. In August 1995, the 1st Brigade (sometimes erroneously referred to as the 9th Regimental Combat Team, although RCTs had not existed in Army force structure since the late 1950s), which included the battalions of the 9th Infantry at Fort Lewis were reflagged as the 1st Brigade, <a href="/wiki/25th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="25th Infantry Division (United States)">25th Infantry Division</a> and the Manchu name and colors returned to the 2nd Infantry Division stationed in Korea. The reflagging ceremony took place on I Corps' parade grounds and included a "Drink the Fire" ceremony, during which all assigned Manchu soldiers drank a toast from the Liscum Bowl. </p><p>The 1st and 2nd Battalions of the 9th Infantry Regiment returned to Korea in September 1995 while the 3rd Battalion was inactivated. (i.e. units already deployed in Korea were redesignated as the 1st and 2nd Battalions). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iraq-War-Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Iraq-War-Map.png/260px-Iraq-War-Map.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Iraq-War-Map.png/390px-Iraq-War-Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Iraq-War-Map.png/520px-Iraq-War-Map.png 2x" data-file-width="1609" data-file-height="1670" /></a><figcaption>Map of the invasion routes and major operations/battles of the Iraq War through 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>1st <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">Battalion</a> of the 9th Infantry Regiment (Manchu) recently returned from a tour in Iraq, serving in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Iraqi_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Iraqi Freedom">Operation Iraqi Freedom</a> I and II from August 2004 to July 2005 where C.Co 1–9 Infantry (Manchu) 1st and 2nd platoon participated in the initial attacks of the Second Battle of Fallujah (Operation Phantom Fury). Upon returning stateside the Manchu's were based at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Carson,_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Carson, Colorado">Fort Carson, Colorado</a>, as part of the 2nd Brigade Combat Team of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._2d_Infantry_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. 2d Infantry Division">Second Infantry Division</a>. In November 2005, the First Battalion of the 9th Infantry Regiment had the majority of their personnel transferred to the newly activated 3rd Squadron of the <a href="/wiki/61st_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="61st Cavalry Regiment (United States)">61st Cavalry Regiment</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Brigade_Combat_Team,_2nd_Infantry_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Brigade Combat Team, 2nd Infantry Division">2nd Brigade Combat Team, 2nd Infantry Division</a>. At the same time, the Unit Colors of the <a href="/wiki/503d_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="503d Infantry Regiment (United States)">1st Battalion, 503rd Infantry</a> (also a part of the 2nd Brigade Combat Team at the time) was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Vicenza,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicenza, Italy">Vicenza, Italy</a> to be stationed with the <a href="/wiki/173rd_Infantry_Brigade_(Airborne)" class="mw-redirect" title="173rd Infantry Brigade (Airborne)">173rd Infantry Brigade (Airborne)</a>, the personnel remaining at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Carson" title="Fort Carson">Fort Carson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> were transferred to the 1st Battalion, 9th Infantry. The battalion deployed with 2nd Brigade Combat Team in support of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Iraqi_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Iraqi Freedom">Operation Iraqi Freedom</a> 06–08 to <a href="/wiki/Ramadi" title="Ramadi">Ramadi</a>, successfully defeated the <a href="/wiki/Insurgency" title="Insurgency">insurgency</a> during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Murfreesboro" title="Operation Murfreesboro">Operation Murfreesboro</a>. Upon redeployment to Fort Carson, the brigade reflagged to 4th Brigade Combat Team of the <a href="/wiki/4th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="4th Infantry Division (United States)">4th Infantry Division</a>, and the battalion reflagged to 1st Battalion, <a href="/wiki/12th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="12th Infantry Regiment (United States)">12th Infantry Regiment</a>. </p><p>The Second Battalion of the 9th Infantry Regiment is not active today, due to draw downs the 1st Brigade of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Infantry Division (United States)">2nd Infantry Division</a>, which was based in <a href="/wiki/Camp_Casey,_South_Korea" title="Camp Casey, South Korea">Camp Casey</a> in <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Korea">South Korea</a> has been deactivated June 2015. The Second and Battalion had a twice a year tradition called the "Manchu Mile", which involves its members marching 25 miles (40.2 km) in full combat gear across Korea's mountainous terrain. This is to commemorate an 85-mile forced march performed by the unit during the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Third Battalion of the 9th Infantry Regiment is not active at this time. </p><p>The Fourth Battalion of the 9th Infantry Regiment was re-activated on 1 June 2006 and was assigned to the newly designated <a href="/wiki/4th_Brigade_Combat_Team,_2nd_Infantry_Division" title="4th Brigade Combat Team, 2nd Infantry Division">4th Brigade Combat Team, 2nd Infantry Division</a>, based at <a href="/wiki/Joint_Base_Lewis-McChord" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Base Lewis-McChord">Joint Base Lewis-McChord</a>, Washington. As the 4th Brigade is a <a href="/wiki/Stryker_Brigade_Combat_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="Stryker Brigade Combat Team">Stryker Brigade Combat Team</a>, this battalion of the 9th Infantry Regiment is now a fully mobile <a href="/wiki/Mechanized_infantry" title="Mechanized infantry">mechanized infantry</a> unit. The battalion deployed to <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> in the spring of 2007 and engaged in combat operations in <a href="/wiki/Tarmiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarmiyah">Tarmiyah</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baqubah" title="Battle of Baqubah">Battle of Baqubah</a>, and other locations throughout <a href="/wiki/Diyala_Governorate" title="Diyala Governorate">Diyala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salah_ad_Din_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Salah ad Din Governorate">Salah Ed-Din</a>. At the same time they field tested the Army's <a href="/wiki/Land_Warrior" title="Land Warrior">Land Warrior</a> next generation soldier technology.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Fourth Battalion returned from Iraq in the fall of 2010 during the last days of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Iraqi_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Iraqi Freedom">Operation Iraqi Freedom</a>. The Fourth Battalion also deployed in support of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</a> from fall 2012 to summer 2013. It was then deactivated along with the rest of the 4th Brigade Combat Team and moved to Fort Carson, Colorado, where it was reactivated as the 1st Stryker Brigade Combat Team, <a href="/wiki/4th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="4th Infantry Division (United States)">4th Infantry Division</a> and is the only remaining Manchu battalion still active today. A detachment of 4th Battalion deployed again to Afghanistan, where they were responsible for the Ground Defense Area around <a href="/wiki/Bagram_Airfield" title="Bagram Airfield">Bagram Airfield</a> in support of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Freedom%E2%80%99s_Sentinel" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Freedom’s Sentinel">Operation Freedom’s Sentinel</a> from 2018-2019, and would also deploy to Iraq and Syria in support of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve</a> for nine months in 2021-2022. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lineage">Lineage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Lineage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Constituted 3 March 1855 in the Regular Army as the 9th Infantry Regiment</li> <li>Organized 26 March 1855 at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Monroe" title="Fort Monroe">Fort Monroe</a>, Virginia</li> <li>Constituted 3 May 1861 in the Regular Army as the 2d Battalion, <a href="/wiki/U.S._18th_Infantry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. 18th Infantry Regiment">18th Infantry Regiment</a></li> <li>Organized in October 1861 at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Thomas_(Ohio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Thomas (Ohio)">Camp Thomas</a>, Ohio</li> <li>Reorganized and redesignated 21 September 1866 as the <a href="/wiki/27th_Infantry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="27th Infantry Regiment">27th Infantry Regiment</a></li> <li>Consolidated in June 1869 with the 27th Infantry and consolidated unit designated as the 9th Infantry</li> <li>Assigned 22 September 1917 to the 2d Division (later redesignated as the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Infantry Division (United States)">2nd Infantry Division</a>)</li> <li>Relieved 20 June 1957 from assignment to the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Infantry Division (United States)">2nd Infantry Division</a> and reorganized as a parent regiment under the <a href="/wiki/Combat_Arms_Regimental_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat Arms Regimental System">Combat Arms Regimental System</a></li> <li>Withdrawn 29 April 1983 from the Combat Arms Regimental System and reorganized under the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Regimental_System" title="U.S. Army Regimental System">U.S. Army Regimental System</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campaign_participation_credit">Campaign participation credit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Campaign participation credit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Murfreesboro" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Murfreesboro">Murfreesboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chickamauga" title="Battle of Chickamauga">Chickamauga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Chattanooga" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Battle of Chattanooga">Chattanooga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Atlanta" title="Battle of Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kentucky_1862&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kentucky 1862 (page does not exist)">Kentucky 1862</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mississippi_1862&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mississippi 1862 (page does not exist)">Mississippi 1862</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennessee_1863&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tennessee 1863 (page does not exist)">Tennessee 1863</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_1864&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia 1864 (page does not exist)">Georgia 1864</a></li></ol> <p><a href="/wiki/Indian_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Wars">Indian Wars</a> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Little_Bighorn" title="Battle of the Little Bighorn">Little Bighorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakima_War" title="Yakima War">Yakima War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane-Coeur_d%27Alene-Paloos_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Spokane-Coeur d'Alene-Paloos War">Spokane-Coeur d'Alene-Paloos War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wyoming_1866&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wyoming 1866 (page does not exist)">Wyoming 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wyoming_1867&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wyoming 1867 (page does not exist)">Wyoming 1867</a></li></ol> <p><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">War with Spain</a> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Battle of Santiago de Cuba">Santiago</a></li></ol> <p><a href="/wiki/China_Relief_Expedition" title="China Relief Expedition">China Relief Expedition</a> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tientsin" title="Battle of Tientsin">Tientsin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang-tsun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yang-tsun (page does not exist)">Yang-tsun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peking" class="mw-redirect" title="Peking">Peking</a></li></ol> <p><a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Malolos" title="Malolos">Malolos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Isidro,_Nueva_Ecija" title="San Isidro, Nueva Ecija">San Isidro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapote_River_(Philippines)" title="Zapote River (Philippines)">Zapote River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarlac" title="Tarlac">Tarlac</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luzon_1899&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luzon 1899 (page does not exist)">Luzon 1899</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luzon_1900&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luzon 1900 (page does not exist)">Luzon 1900</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luzon_1901&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luzon 1901 (page does not exist)">Luzon 1901</a></li></ol> <p>World War I </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Aisne" title="Aisne">Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aisne-Marne" class="mw-redirect" title="Aisne-Marne">Aisne-Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint-Mihiel" title="Battle of Saint-Mihiel">St. Mihiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meuse-Argonne" class="mw-redirect" title="Meuse-Argonne">Meuse-Argonne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ile_de_France_1918&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ile de France 1918 (page does not exist)">Ile de France 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorraine_1918&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lorraine 1918 (page does not exist)">Lorraine 1918</a></li></ol> <p>World War II </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a> (with arrowhead)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_France_Campaign_(1944)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern France Campaign (1944)">Northern France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardennes-Alsace" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardennes-Alsace">Ardennes-Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Europe_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Europe Campaign">Central Europe</a></li></ol> <p><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> </p> <ol><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UN_Defensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UN Defensive (page does not exist)">UN Defensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Offensive">UN Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CCF_Intervention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CCF Intervention (page does not exist)">CCF Intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_UN_Counteroffensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First UN Counteroffensive (page does not exist)">First UN Counteroffensive</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CCF_Spring_Offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CCF Spring Offensive (page does not exist)">CCF Spring Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UN_Summer-Fall_Offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UN Summer-Fall Offensive (page does not exist)">UN Summer-Fall Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Korean_Winter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Korean Winter (page does not exist)">Second Korean Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korea,_Summer-Fall_1952&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korea, Summer-Fall 1952 (page does not exist)">Korea, Summer-Fall 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Korean_Winter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Third Korean Winter (page does not exist)">Third Korean Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korea,_Summer_1953&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korea, Summer 1953 (page does not exist)">Korea, Summer 1953</a></li></ol> <p><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Counteroffensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Counteroffensive">Counteroffensive</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Counteroffensive,_Phase_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Counteroffensive, Phase II (page does not exist)">Counteroffensive, Phase II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Counteroffensive,_Phase_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Counteroffensive, Phase III (page does not exist)">Counteroffensive, Phase III</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tet_Counteroffensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tet Counteroffensive (page does not exist)">Tet Counteroffensive</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Counteroffensive,_Phase_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Counteroffensive, Phase IV (page does not exist)">Counteroffensive, Phase IV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Counteroffensive,_Phase_V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Counteroffensive, Phase V (page does not exist)">Counteroffensive, Phase V</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Counteroffensive,_Phase_VI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Counteroffensive, Phase VI (page does not exist)">Counteroffensive, Phase VI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tet_69/Counteroffensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tet 69/Counteroffensive (page does not exist)">Tet 69/Counteroffensive</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summer-Fall_1969&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Summer-Fall 1969 (page does not exist)">Summer-Fall 1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winter-Spring_1970&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Winter-Spring 1970 (page does not exist)">Winter-Spring 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanctuary_Counteroffensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanctuary Counteroffensive (page does not exist)">Sanctuary Counteroffensive</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Counteroffensive,_Phase_VII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Counteroffensive, Phase VII (page does not exist)">Counteroffensive, Phase VII</a></li></ol> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armed_Forces_Expeditions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armed Forces Expeditions (page does not exist)">Armed Forces Expeditions</a> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Just_Cause" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Just Cause">Panama</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p><a href="/wiki/War_on_Terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terrorism">War on Terrorism</a>: </p><p><a href="/wiki/Afghan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan War">Afghanistan</a>: </p> <ol><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transition_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transition I (page does not exist)">Transition I</a></li></ol> <p><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq</a>: </p> <ol><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_Governance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iraqi Governance (page does not exist)">Iraqi Governance</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Resolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Resolution (page does not exist)">National Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Surge" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Surge">Iraqi Surge</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_Sovereignty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iraqi Sovereignty (page does not exist)">Iraqi Sovereignty</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decorations">Decorations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Decorations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Unit_Citation_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Unit Citation (US)">Presidential Unit Citation</a> (Army) for <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Brest" title="Battle for Brest">BREST</a>, FRANCE</li> <li>Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for <a href="/wiki/Drive_to_the_Siegfried_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Drive to the Siegfried Line">SIEGFRIED LINE</a></li> <li>Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">ARDENNES</a></li> <li>Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for <a href="/w/index.php?title=HONGCHON&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HONGCHON (page does not exist)">HONGCHON</a></li> <li>Presidential Unit Citation (Navy) for <a href="/wiki/Hwacheon_Dam" title="Hwacheon Dam">HWACHON RESERVOIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy_Unit_Commendation" title="Navy Unit Commendation">Navy Unit Commendation</a> for <a href="/wiki/Panmunjeom" class="mw-redirect" title="Panmunjeom">PANMUNJOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy_Unit_Commendation" title="Navy Unit Commendation">Navy Unit Commendation</a> for <a href="/wiki/Operation_Murfreesboro" title="Operation Murfreesboro">IRAQ 2005</a></li> <li>Meritorious Unit Commendation for <a href="/w/index.php?title=IRAQ_2007-2008&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IRAQ 2007-2008 (page does not exist)">IRAQ 2007-2008</a></li> <li>Meritorious Unit Commendation for <a href="/w/index.php?title=IRAQ_2009-2010&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IRAQ 2009-2010 (page does not exist)">IRAQ 2009-2010</a></li> <li>Meritorious Unit Commendation for <a href="/w/index.php?title=AFGHANISTAN_2012-2013&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AFGHANISTAN 2012-2013 (page does not exist)">AFGHANISTAN 2012-2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croix_de_guerre_1914%E2%80%931918_(France)" title="Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (France)">French Croix de Guerre with Palm</a>, World War I for <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ch%C3%A2teau-Thierry_(1918)" title="Battle of Château-Thierry (1918)">CHATEAU THIERRY</a></li> <li>French Croix de Guerre with Palm, World War I for <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="Second Battle of the Marne">AISNE-MARNE</a></li> <li>French Croix de Guerre with Palm, World War I for <a href="/wiki/Meuse%E2%80%93Argonne_offensive" title="Meuse–Argonne offensive">MEUSE-ARGONNE</a></li> <li>French <a href="/wiki/Fourrag%C3%A8re" title="Fourragère">Fourragère</a> in the colors of the Croix de Guerre, World War I</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Croix_de_Guerre" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg Croix de Guerre">Luxembourg Croix de Guerre</a> for <a href="/wiki/LUXEMBOURG" class="mw-redirect" title="LUXEMBOURG">LUXEMBOURG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Fourragere" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian Fourragere">Belgian Fourragere</a> 1940</li> <li>Cited in the Order of the Day of the Belgian Army for action in the ARDENNES</li> <li>Cited in the Order of the Day of the Belgian Army for action at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elsenborn_Ridge" title="Battle of Elsenborn Ridge">ELSENBORN CREST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Presidential_Unit_Citation" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation">Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation</a> for NAKTONG RIVER LINE</li> <li>Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation for KOREA</li> <li>Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm, Streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1966–1968</li> <li>Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm, Streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1968–1970</li> <li>Republic of Vietnam Civil Action Honor Medal, First Class, Streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1966–1970</li> <li>Presidential Unit Citation, Company C, 4th Battalion, 24 April 1969 to 26 April 1969</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distinguished_Members_of_the_Regiment_(DMOR)"><span id="Distinguished_Members_of_the_Regiment_.28DMOR.29"></span>Distinguished Members of the Regiment (DMOR)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Distinguished Members of the Regiment (DMOR)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By order of the Secretary of the Army, the following individuals have been officially bestowed with the title of "Distinguished Member of the 9th Infantry Regiment" for their exceptionally meritorious service and distinguished accomplishments as a member of the Regiment in accordance with Army regulations: </p><p>1. CPT Richard A. Coutermarsh, DMOR, GCEG, IC, MCP, MEP, C.*C.O.H. (1st Battalion, 9th Infantry Regiment). </p><p>2. GEN(R) <a href="/wiki/Vincent_K._Brooks" title="Vincent K. Brooks">Vincent K. Brooks</a>; also serves as the Honorary Colonel of the Regiment (former commander, 2nd Battalion, 9th Infantry Regiment) </p><p>3. SMA(R) <a href="/wiki/Daniel_A._Dailey" title="Daniel A. Dailey">Daniel A. Dailey</a> (2nd Battalion, 9th Infantry Regiment) </p><p><b>Honorary Members of the Regiment (HMOR)</b> </p><p>By order of the Secretary of the Army, the following individuals have been officially bestowed with the title of "Honorary Member of the 9th Infantry Regiment" in recognition of their outstanding support and conspicuous service to the Regiment as a nonregimental member in accordance with Army regulations: </p><p>1. Mrs. Laura J. Coutermarsh, HMOR. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Regular_Army_Civil_War_units" title="List of United States Regular Army Civil War units">List of United States Regular Army Civil War units</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.army.mil/sec-priv.htm">public domain material</a> from <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/inf/0009in.htm"><i>9th Infantry Lineage and Honors</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=9th+Infantry+Lineage+and+Honors&rft.pub=United+States+Army+Center+of+Military+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fforcestruc%2Flineages%2Fbranches%2Finf%2F0009in.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A9th+Infantry+Regiment+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SUD-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SUD_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SUD_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100609010022/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/spdes-123-ra_ar.html">"Special Unit Designations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a>. 21 April 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/spdes-123-ra_ar.html">the original</a> on 9 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Special+Unit+Designations&rft.pub=United+States+Army+Center+of+Military+History&rft.date=2010-04-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fforcestruc%2Fspdes-123-ra_ar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A9th+Infantry+Regiment+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210629202626/https://history.army.mil/books/R%26H/R%26H-9IN.htm">"<b>The Army of the United States Historical Sketches of Staff And Line With Portraits of Generals-in-Chief</b>, Editor Theophilus Francis Rodenbough, and William L. Haskin. Maynard, Merrill, & Co., New York, 1896. The Ninth Regiment of Infantry. By Captain E. B. Robertson, 9th U.S. Infantry. p.526"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/books/r%26h/r%26h-9in.htm">the original</a> on 29 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Army+of+the+United+States+Historical+Sketches+of+Staff+And+Line+With+Portraits+of+Generals-in-Chief%2C+Editor+Theophilus+Francis+Rodenbough%2C+and+William+L.+Haskin.+Maynard%2C+Merrill%2C+%26+Co.%2C+New+York%2C+1896.+The+Ninth+Regiment+of+Infantry.+By+Captain+E.+B.+Robertson%2C+9th+U.S.+Infantry.+p.526.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fbooks%2Fr%2526h%2Fr%2526h-9in.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A9th+Infantry+Regiment+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/inf/0009in.htm">"9th Infantry (Manchua) Lineage and Honors"</a>. United States Army Center of Military History. 6 August 1996<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=9th+Infantry+%28Manchua%29+Lineage+and+Honors&rft.pub=United+States+Army+Center+of+Military+History&rft.date=1996-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fforcestruc%2Flineages%2Fbranches%2Finf%2F0009in.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A9th+Infantry+Regiment+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Horner-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Horner_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Horner, John B. (1921). Oregon: Her History, Her Great Men, Her Literature. The J.K. Gill Co.: Portland. p. 122-123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoot2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Max_Boot" title="Max Boot">Boot, Max</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0lIg-lGwqBoC&pg=PA88"><i>The Savage Wars of Peace: Small Wars and the Rise of American Power</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>. p. 87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-00721-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-465-00721-X"><bdi>0-465-00721-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Savage+Wars+of+Peace%3A+Small+Wars+and+the+Rise+of+American+Power&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-465-00721-X&rft.aulast=Boot&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0lIg-lGwqBoC%26pg%3DPA88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A9th+Infantry+Regiment+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_B._Edgerton1997" class="citation book cs1">Robert B. Edgerton (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warriorsofrising00edge"><i>Warriors of the Rising Sun: A History of the Japanese Military</i></a></span>. W. W. Norton & Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warriorsofrising00edge/page/80">80</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-04085-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-04085-2"><bdi>0-393-04085-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warriors+of+the+Rising+Sun%3A+A+History+of+the+Japanese+Military&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-393-04085-2&rft.au=Robert+B.+Edgerton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarriorsofrising00edge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A9th+Infantry+Regiment+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161213134621/http://www.history.army.mil/html/museums/aom/2009-08.html">"Featured Artifact – July–August 2007"</a>. U.s. Army Center of Military History. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/html/museums/aom/2009-08.html">the original</a> on 13 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Featured+Artifact+%E2%80%93+July%E2%80%93August+2007&rft.pub=U.s.+Army+Center+of+Military+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fmuseums%2Faom%2F2009-08.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A9th+Infantry+Regiment+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Official report War Department 1901 reports casualties as 3 officers and 33 NCOs and enlisted ranks dead; 3 died of wounds; 7 members of Company C 9th Infantry and 1 Hospital Corps Private missing [the report acknowledges several bodies were cremated when the barracks were burned]; 21 wounded; 16 present not wounded. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VDxMn9JOi-QC&q=Company+C+9th+Infantry&pg=PA593">Annual Reports of the War Department, Volume 9 p.629 Report of Captain Bookmiller, 9th Infantry</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClay2010" class="citation book cs1">Clay, Steven E. (2010). <i>U.S. Army Order of Battle, 1919-1941, Volume 1. The Arms: Major Commands and Infantry Organizations, 1919-41</i>. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute Press. p. 365.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U.S.+Army+Order+of+Battle%2C+1919-1941%2C+Volume+1.+The+Arms%3A+Major+Commands+and+Infantry+Organizations%2C+1919-41&rft.place=Fort+Leavenworth%2C+KS&rft.pages=365&rft.pub=Combat+Studies+Institute+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Clay&rft.aufirst=Steven+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A9th+Infantry+Regiment+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080413140225/http://www.history.army.mil/html/moh/koreanwar.html#WATKINSTE">"Medal of Honor citation for a 9th Infantry Soldier at Yongsan, August 1950"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/html/moh/koreanwar.html#WATKINSTE">the original</a> on 13 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medal+of+Honor+citation+for+a+9th+Infantry+Soldier+at+Yongsan%2C+August+1950&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fmoh%2Fkoreanwar.html%23WATKINSTE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A9th+Infantry+Regiment+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelley2002" class="citation book cs1">Kelley, Michael (2002). <i>Where we were in Vietnam</i>. Hellgate Press. p. 432. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55571-625-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55571-625-7"><bdi>978-1-55571-625-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Where+we+were+in+Vietnam&rft.pages=432&rft.pub=Hellgate+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-55571-625-7&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A9th+Infantry+Regiment+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlavin2007" class="citation news cs1">Slavin, Erik (30 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stripes.com/news/troops-take-to-the-road-for-manchu-mile-1.63330">"Troops take to the road for 'Manchu Mile'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stars_and_Stripes_(newspaper)" title="Stars and Stripes (newspaper)">Stars and Stripes</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110622092611/http://www.stripes.com/news/troops-take-to-the-road-for-manchu-mile-1.63330">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stars+and+Stripes&rft.atitle=Troops+take+to+the+road+for+%27Manchu+Mile%27&rft.date=2007-04-30&rft.aulast=Slavin&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stripes.com%2Fnews%2Ftroops-take-to-the-road-for-manchu-mile-1.63330&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A9th+Infantry+Regiment+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShachtman2007" class="citation magazine cs1">Shachtman, Noah (26 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2007/09/when-the-soldie/">"Soldier of the Future Gets His Gear On"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Soldier+of+the+Future+Gets+His+Gear+On&rft.date=2007-09-26&rft.aulast=Shachtman&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2007%2F09%2Fwhen-the-soldie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A9th+Infantry+Regiment+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/inf/0009in004bn.htm">"4th Battalion, 9th Infantry Regiment (Manchu) Lineage and Honors"</a>. United States Army Center of Military History. 22 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=4th+Battalion%2C+9th+Infantry+Regiment+%28Manchu%29+Lineage+and+Honors&rft.pub=United+States+Army+Center+of+Military+History&rft.date=2014-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fforcestruc%2Flineages%2Fbranches%2Finf%2F0009in004bn.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A9th+Infantry+Regiment+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>McConnell, Malcolm, <i>The Real Story of America's High-Tech Invasion of Panama, JUST CAUSE</i>, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1998/04/27/time/pentagon.html/">1998 CNN story "Sex, The Army And A Double Standard"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamesmadisonproject.org/press.php?press_id=22/">U.S. ARMY ANNOUNCES RANK REDUCTION OF MAJOR GENERAL DAVID R.E. HALE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122071141/http://www.jamesmadisonproject.org/press.php?press_id=22%2F">Archived</a> 22 January 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1909" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Fred R. (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433007108545;view=1up;seq=17"><i>History of the Ninth U.S. Infantry, 1799–1909</i></a>. Chicago: R.R. Donnelley & Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Ninth+U.S.+Infantry%2C+1799%E2%80%931909&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=R.R.+Donnelley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Fred+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dnyp.33433007108545%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A9th+Infantry+Regiment+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span> – Written by the regimental adjutant</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101073313643;view=1up;seq=15"><i>The Ninth U.S. Infantry in the World War</i></a>. Neuwied, Germany: Louis Heusersche Buchdruckerei. 1919. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4854517">4854517</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ninth+U.S.+Infantry+in+the+World+War&rft.place=Neuwied%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Louis+Heusersche+Buchdruckerei&rft.date=1919&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4854517&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dnjp.32101073313643%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A9th+Infantry+Regiment+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">14th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1853–1857)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Hampshire" title="List of United States senators from New Hampshire">Senator from New Hampshire</a> (1837–1842)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_New_Hampshire" title="List of United States representatives from New Hampshire">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="New Hampshire's at-large congressional district">NH at-large</a> (1833–1837)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doughface" title="Doughface">Doughface</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">9th Infantry Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Contreras" title="Battle of Contreras">Battle of Contreras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Churubusco" title="Battle of Churubusco">Battle of Churubusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="1852 United States presidential election">1852 United States presidential election</a>–</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1852 Democratic National Convention">1852 Democratic National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_North_Cemetery_(Concord,_New_Hampshire)" title="Old North Cemetery (Concord, New Hampshire)">Old North Cemetery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_Pierce" title="Presidency of Franklin Pierce">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Franklin_Pierce" title="Inauguration of Franklin Pierce">Inauguration of Franklin Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Franklin_Pierce" title="List of federal judges appointed by Franklin Pierce">List of federal judges appointed by Franklin Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_America_movement" title="Young America movement">Young America movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadsden_Purchase" title="Gadsden Purchase">Gadsden Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostend_Manifesto" title="Ostend Manifesto">Ostend Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas%E2%80%93Nebraska_Act" title="Kansas–Nebraska Act">Kansas–Nebraska Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas" title="Bleeding Kansas">Bleeding Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topeka_Constitution" title="Topeka Constitution">Topeka Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1856 Democratic National Convention">1856 Democratic National Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public image</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce_Homestead" title="Franklin Pierce Homestead">Franklin Pierce Homestead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce_House_(South_Main_Street,_Concord,_New_Hampshire)" title="Franklin Pierce House (South Main Street, Concord, New Hampshire)">Franklin Pierce House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierce_Manse" title="Pierce Manse">Pierce Manse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce_University" title="Franklin Pierce University">Franklin Pierce University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pierce_(New_Hampshire)" title="Mount Pierce (New Hampshire)">Mount Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierceton,_Indiana" title="Pierceton, Indiana">Pierceton, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierce_County,_Washington" title="Pierce County, Washington">Pierce County, Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierce_County,_Georgia" title="Pierce County, Georgia">Pierce County, Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Franklin_Pierce" title="Statue of Franklin Pierce">Statue of Franklin Pierce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Pierce" title="Jane Pierce">Jane Pierce</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Pierce_(governor)" title="Benjamin Pierce (governor)">Benjamin Pierce</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Kendrick_Pierce" title="Benjamin Kendrick Pierce">Benjamin Kendrick Pierce</a> (brother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">← Millard Fillmore</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" 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