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href="#Classical_Greece_and_Rome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Classical Greece and Rome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classical_Greece_and_Rome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abrahamic_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abrahamic_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Abrahamic religions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Abrahamic_religions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Abrahamic religions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Abrahamic_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Indian religions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Indian_religions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Indian religions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Indian_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hinduism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hinduism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Hinduism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hinduism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jainism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jainism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Jainism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jainism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buddhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buddhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Buddhism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buddhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Asian_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Asian_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>East Asian religions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-East_Asian_religions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle East Asian religions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-East_Asian_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shinto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shinto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Shinto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shinto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Native_American_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Native_American_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Native American religions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Native_American_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cult image</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%85" title="صنم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صنم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="পূজ্য প্রতিমূর্তি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পূজ্য প্রতিমূর্তি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Ідал – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ідал" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ddol" title="Ídol – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ídol" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modla" title="Modla – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Modla" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idol_(gudebillede)" title="Idol (gudebillede) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Idol (gudebillede)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idol" title="Idol – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Idol" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iidol" title="Iidol – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Iidol" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%AF%CE%B4%CF%89%CE%BB%CE%BF" title="Είδωλο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Είδωλο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ddolo" title="Ídolo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ídolo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idolo" title="Idolo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Idolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idolo_(objektua)" title="Idolo (objektua) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Idolo (objektua)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AA_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AA)" title="بت (الوهیت) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بت (الوهیت)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idole" title="Idole – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Idole" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dol" title="Íol – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Íol" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodhal" title="Iodhal – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Iodhal" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%83%81" title="우상 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우상" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gumaka" title="Gumaka – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Gumaka" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BC%D6%84" title="Կուռք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կուռք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumir" title="Kumir – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kumir" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idolo" title="Idolo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Idolo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idol" title="Idol – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Idol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idolo" title="Idolo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Idolo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B9wr%C3%B3n_(idol)" title="Bùwrón (idol) – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Bùwrón (idol)" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Идол – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Идол" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1lv%C3%A1ny" title="Bálvány – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bálvány" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Идол – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Идол" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idool_(religie)" title="Idool (religie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Idool (religie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%81%B6%E5%83%8F" title="偶像 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="偶像" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idol" title="Idol – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Idol" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idol" title="Idol – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Idol" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Полган – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Полган" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94" title="ទេវរូប – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទេវរូប" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idol_(wyobra%C5%BCenie)" title="Idol (wyobrażenie) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Idol (wyobrażenie)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ddolo" title="Ídolo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ídolo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idol" title="Idol – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Idol" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Идол – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Идол" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Эмэгэт – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Эмэгэт" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idol" title="Idol – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Idol" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AA" title="بت – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultna_podoba" title="Kultna podoba – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kultna podoba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Идол – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Идол" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idol_(religija)" title="Idol (religija) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Idol (religija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumalankuva" title="Jumalankuva – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jumalankuva" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idol" title="Idol – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Idol" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idolo" title="Idolo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Idolo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%A8" title="విగ్రహారాధన – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విగ్రహారాధన" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B" title="เทวรูป – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เทวรูป" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0dol" title="İdol – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İdol" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Ідол – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ідол" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AA" title="بت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0dol" title="İdol – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İdol" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%83%8F" title="神像 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="神像" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Human-made object that is venerated for the deity, person, spirit or daemon that it represents</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cult_image._One_of_the_earliest_(oldest)_statues_or_idols_worshipped_by_humans._From_Jericho,_in_modern-day_Palestinian_Territories._Pre-pottery_Neolithic._Jordan_Archaeological_Museum,_Amman,_Jordan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Cult_image._One_of_the_earliest_%28oldest%29_statues_or_idols_worshipped_by_humans._From_Jericho%2C_in_modern-day_Palestinian_Territories._Pre-pottery_Neolithic._Jordan_Archaeological_Museum%2C_Amman%2C_Jordan.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Cult_image._One_of_the_earliest_%28oldest%29_statues_or_idols_worshipped_by_humans._From_Jericho%2C_in_modern-day_Palestinian_Territories._Pre-pottery_Neolithic._Jordan_Archaeological_Museum%2C_Amman%2C_Jordan.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Cult_image._One_of_the_earliest_%28oldest%29_statues_or_idols_worshipped_by_humans._From_Jericho%2C_in_modern-day_Palestinian_Territories._Pre-pottery_Neolithic._Jordan_Archaeological_Museum%2C_Amman%2C_Jordan.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3734" data-file-height="4887" /></a><figcaption>One of the earliest known idols worshiped by humans. From Jericho, in modern-day Palestinian Territories. Pre-pottery Neolithic. Jordan Archaeological Museum, Amman, Jordan</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_sculpture_of_Hindu_god_Le_dieu_Shiva_Mumbai_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/A_sculpture_of_Hindu_god_Le_dieu_Shiva_Mumbai_India.jpg/220px-A_sculpture_of_Hindu_god_Le_dieu_Shiva_Mumbai_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/A_sculpture_of_Hindu_god_Le_dieu_Shiva_Mumbai_India.jpg/330px-A_sculpture_of_Hindu_god_Le_dieu_Shiva_Mumbai_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/A_sculpture_of_Hindu_god_Le_dieu_Shiva_Mumbai_India.jpg/440px-A_sculpture_of_Hindu_god_Le_dieu_Shiva_Mumbai_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>6th-century stone <a href="/wiki/Murti" title="Murti">murti</a> of <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Image_of_an_African_Songye_Power_Figure_in_the_collection_of_the_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_(2005.21)-EDIT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Image_of_an_African_Songye_Power_Figure_in_the_collection_of_the_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_%282005.21%29-EDIT.jpg/220px-Image_of_an_African_Songye_Power_Figure_in_the_collection_of_the_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_%282005.21%29-EDIT.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Image_of_an_African_Songye_Power_Figure_in_the_collection_of_the_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_%282005.21%29-EDIT.jpg/330px-Image_of_an_African_Songye_Power_Figure_in_the_collection_of_the_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_%282005.21%29-EDIT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Image_of_an_African_Songye_Power_Figure_in_the_collection_of_the_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_%282005.21%29-EDIT.jpg/440px-Image_of_an_African_Songye_Power_Figure_in_the_collection_of_the_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_%282005.21%29-EDIT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3685" data-file-height="5446" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Songye" class="mw-redirect" title="Songye">Songye</a> power figure</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Athena_Parthenos_LeQuire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Athena_Parthenos_LeQuire.jpg/220px-Athena_Parthenos_LeQuire.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Athena_Parthenos_LeQuire.jpg/330px-Athena_Parthenos_LeQuire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Athena_Parthenos_LeQuire.jpg/440px-Athena_Parthenos_LeQuire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2233" data-file-height="2663" /></a><figcaption>Reproduction of the <i><a href="/wiki/Athena_Parthenos" title="Athena Parthenos">Athena Parthenos</a></i> statue at the original size in the <a href="/wiki/Parthenon_(Nashville)" title="Parthenon (Nashville)">Parthenon in Nashville</a>, Tennessee</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sveriges_Asatrosamfunds_h%C3%B6stblot_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Sveriges_Asatrosamfunds_h%C3%B6stblot_2009.jpg/220px-Sveriges_Asatrosamfunds_h%C3%B6stblot_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Sveriges_Asatrosamfunds_h%C3%B6stblot_2009.jpg/330px-Sveriges_Asatrosamfunds_h%C3%B6stblot_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Sveriges_Asatrosamfunds_h%C3%B6stblot_2009.jpg/440px-Sveriges_Asatrosamfunds_h%C3%B6stblot_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="684" data-file-height="912" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Germanic_Neopaganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic Neopaganism">Heathen</a> altar for <a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%B3t#Specific_bl.C3.B3ts" title="Blót">Haustblot</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk%C3%B6,_%C3%96cker%C3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="Björkö, Öckerö">Björkö</a>, Sweden; the larger wooden idol represents the god <a href="/wiki/Frey" class="mw-redirect" title="Frey">Frey</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the practice of <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>, a <b>cult image</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Cultural_artifact" title="Cultural artifact">human-made object</a> that is <a href="/wiki/Venerated" class="mw-redirect" title="Venerated">venerated</a> or <a href="/wiki/Worshipped" class="mw-redirect" title="Worshipped">worshipped</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">deity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spirit_(supernatural_entity)" title="Spirit (supernatural entity)">spirit</a> or <a href="/wiki/Daemon" class="mw-redirect" title="Daemon">daemon</a> that it embodies or represents. In several traditions, including the ancient religions of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greece</a> and Rome, and Hinduism, cult images in a temple may undergo a daily routine of being washed, dressed, and having food left for them. Processions outside the temple on special <a href="/wiki/Feast_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast day">feast days</a> are often a feature. <a href="/wiki/Religious_image" title="Religious image">Religious images</a> cover a wider range of all types of images made with a religious purpose, subject, or connection. In many contexts "cult image" specifically means the most important image in a temple, kept in an inner space, as opposed to what may be many other images decorating the temple. </p><p>The term <b>idol</b> is an image or representation of a god used as an object of worship,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Idolatry" title="Idolatry">idolatry</a> is the worship of an "idol" as though it were <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Halbertal1992p1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halbertal1992p1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancient_Near_East_and_Egypt">Ancient Near East and Egypt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cult_image&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ancient Near East and Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cult_image" title="Special:EditPage/Cult image">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The use of images in the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">Ancient Near East</a> seems typically to have been similar to that of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">ancient Egyptian religion</a>, about which we are the best-informed. Temples housed a cult image, and there were large numbers of other images. The <a href="/wiki/Origins_of_Judaism" title="Origins of Judaism">ancient Hebrew religion</a> was or became an exception, rejecting cult images despite developing <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheism</a>; the connection between this and the <a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a> that <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a> tried to impose on Egypt has been much discussed. In the <a href="/wiki/Art_of_Amarna" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Amarna">art of Amarna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a> is represented only as the sun-disk, with rays emanating from it, sometimes ending in hands, and temples to Aten (e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Great_Temple_of_the_Aten" title="Great Temple of the Aten">Great Temple of the Aten</a> in <a href="/wiki/Amarna" title="Amarna">Amarna</a>) were open courts with no roof, that the Sun might be worshipped directly as it traveled across the sky. </p><p>Cult images were a common presence in ancient Egypt, and still are in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Kemetism" title="Kemetism">Kemetism</a>. The term is often confined to the relatively small images, typically in gold, that lived in the <i><a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">naos</a></i> in the inner sanctuary of <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_temple" title="Egyptian temple">Egyptian temples</a> dedicated to that god (except when taken on ceremonial outings, say to visit their spouse). These images usually showed the god in their sacred <a href="/wiki/Barque" title="Barque">barque</a> or boat; none of them survive. Only the priests were allowed access to the inner sanctuary. </p><p>There was also a huge range of smaller images, many kept in the homes of ordinary people. The very large stone images around the exteriors of temples were usually representations of the <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaoh</a> as himself or "as" a deity, and many other images gave deities the features of the current royal family. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classical_Greece_and_Rome">Classical Greece and Rome</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cult_image&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Classical Greece and Rome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cult_image" title="Special:EditPage/Cult image">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_temple" title="Ancient Greek temple">Ancient Greek temples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_temple" title="Roman temple">Roman temples</a> normally contained a cult image in the <a href="/wiki/Cella" title="Cella">cella</a>. The cella in Greek temples was in the center, while it was located in the back of Roman temples.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Access to the cella varied, but apart from the priests, at the least some of the general worshippers could access the cella some of the time, though sacrifices to the deity were normally made on altars outside in the temple precinct (<a href="/wiki/Temenos" title="Temenos">temenos</a> in Greek). Some cult images were easy to see, and were major tourist attractions. The image normally took the form of a statue of the deity, typically roughly life-size, but in some cases many times life-size, in marble or bronze, or in the specially prestigious form of a <a href="/wiki/Chryselephantine_sculpture" title="Chryselephantine sculpture">Chryselephantine statue</a> using ivory plaques for the visible parts of the body and gold for the clothes, around a wooden framework. Most cult statues are anthropromorphic and take human shape. The most famous Greek cult images were of this type, including the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Zeus_at_Olympia" title="Statue of Zeus at Olympia">Statue of Zeus at Olympia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Phidias" title="Phidias">Phidias</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Athena_Parthenos" title="Athena Parthenos">Athena Parthenos</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a> in Athens, both colossal statues now completely lost. Fragments of two chryselephantine statues from <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a> have been excavated. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Acrolith" title="Acrolith">acrolith</a> was another composite form, this time a cost-saving one with a wooden body. A <a href="/wiki/Xoanon" title="Xoanon">xoanon</a> was a primitive and symbolic wooden image, perhaps comparable to the Hindu <a href="/wiki/Lingam" title="Lingam">lingam</a>; many of these were retained and revered for their antiquity. Many of the Greek statues well-known from Roman marble copies were originally temple cult images, which in some cases, such as the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Barberini" title="Apollo Barberini">Apollo Barberini</a>, can be credibly identified. A very few actual originals survive, for example the bronze <a href="/wiki/Piraeus_Athena" title="Piraeus Athena">Piraeus Athena</a> (2.35 metres high, including a helmet). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_mythology" title="Roman mythology">Roman mythology</a>, a "<a href="/wiki/Palladium_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palladium (mythology)">palladium</a>" was an image of great antiquity on which the safety of a city was said to depend, especially the wooden one that <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diomedes" title="Diomedes">Diomedes</a> stole from the <a href="/wiki/Citadel" title="Citadel">citadel</a> of <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a> and which was later taken to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> by <a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a>. (The Roman story was related in <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i> and other works.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abrahamic_religions">Abrahamic religions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cult_image&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Abrahamic religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Aniconism_in_Christianity" title="Aniconism in Christianity">Aniconism in Christianity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iconoclasm" title="Iconoclasm">iconoclasm</a></div> <p>Some members of <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a> identify cult images as idols and their worship or veneration as <a href="/wiki/Idolatry" title="Idolatry">idolatry</a>; the worship of hollow forms, though others do not. The matter has long been controversial, depending largely on the degree of veneration or worship which is thought by opponents to be given to them. The word <i>idol</i> entered <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> in the 13th century from <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">idole</i></span> adapted in <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a> from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">eidolon</i></span> ("appearance", extended in later usage to "mental image, apparition, phantom") a diminutive of <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">eidos</i></span> ("form").<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Platonists" class="mw-redirect" title="Platonists">Platonists</a> employed the Greek word <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">eidos</i></span> to signify perfect immutable "<a href="/wiki/Platonic_forms" class="mw-redirect" title="Platonic forms">forms</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One can, of course, regard such an <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">eidos</i></span> as having a divine origin.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Book of Isaiah</a> gave classic expression to the <a href="/wiki/Paradox" title="Paradox">paradox</a> inherent in the worship of cult images: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Their land also is full of idols; they worship the work of their own hands, that which their own fingers have made.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Isaiah%202:8&version=nrsv">Isaiah 2.8</a>, reflected in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Isaiah%2017:8&version=nrsv">Isaiah 17.8</a>.</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judaism">Judaism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cult_image&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Idolatry_in_Judaism" title="Idolatry in Judaism">Idolatry in Judaism</a></div> <p>Judaism emphatically forbids idolatry, and considers it one of the gravest <a href="/wiki/Sin" title="Sin">sins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JE_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JE-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Judaism is <a href="/wiki/Aniconism" title="Aniconism">aniconic</a>, meaning any physical depiction of <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">God</a> whatsoever is disallowed; this likewise applies to cult images. The prohibition of idols within Judaism is so severe that numerous stipulations exist which are beyond simply concerning their use: Jews cannot eat anything offered to an idol as a libation, cannot move openly in places where idols are present, and cannot interact with idol worshippers within certain timeframes of idolatrous festivals or gatherings.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As time progressed and the religious traditions which the Jews were exposed to diversified, what was considered "idolatry" was subject to some debate. In the <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>, idolatry is defined as worshipping a graven image through the actions of both typical idol worshippers, and through actions customarily reserved for worship of the Jewish God in the <a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple in Jerusalem</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Prostration#Judaism" title="Prostration">prostrating</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korban" title="Korban">sacrificing animals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Incense_offering" title="Incense offering">offering incense</a>, or sprinkling animal blood on altars. Kissing, embracing, or "honoring" an idol, while not considered idolatry <i>per se</i>, was still forbidden.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cult_image&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Religious_images_in_Christian_theology" title="Religious images in Christian theology">Religious images in Christian theology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Byzantine Iconoclasm</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation_and_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation and art">Protestant Reformation and art</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beeldenstorm_(Iconoclastic_Fury)_in_Antwerpen_1566_Frans_Hogenberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Beeldenstorm_%28Iconoclastic_Fury%29_in_Antwerpen_1566_Frans_Hogenberg.jpg/220px-Beeldenstorm_%28Iconoclastic_Fury%29_in_Antwerpen_1566_Frans_Hogenberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Beeldenstorm_%28Iconoclastic_Fury%29_in_Antwerpen_1566_Frans_Hogenberg.jpg/330px-Beeldenstorm_%28Iconoclastic_Fury%29_in_Antwerpen_1566_Frans_Hogenberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Beeldenstorm_%28Iconoclastic_Fury%29_in_Antwerpen_1566_Frans_Hogenberg.jpg/440px-Beeldenstorm_%28Iconoclastic_Fury%29_in_Antwerpen_1566_Frans_Hogenberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2208" data-file-height="1656" /></a><figcaption>Frans Hogenberg, <i>The Calvinist Iconoclastic Riot of August 20, 1566</i>, in <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, the key moment of the <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/Beeldenstorm" title="Beeldenstorm">Beeldenstorm</a></i></span> in 1566, when paintings and church decorations and fittings were destroyed in several weeks of a violent iconoclastic outbreak in the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a>. Several similar episodes occurred during the early <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Reformation</a> period.</figcaption></figure> <p>Christian images that are venerated are called <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icons</a>. Christians who venerate icons make an emphatic distinction between "<a href="/wiki/Veneration" title="Veneration">veneration</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Worship" title="Worship">worship</a>". Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christians make an exception for the <a href="/wiki/Veneration" title="Veneration">veneration</a> of images of <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saints</a> – they distinguish such veneration from <a href="/wiki/Adoration" title="Adoration">adoration</a> or <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Latria" title="Latria">latria</a></i></span>. </p><p>The introduction of venerable images in Christianity was highly controversial for centuries, and in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a> the controversy lingered until it re-erupted in the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Byzantine Iconoclasm</a> of the 8th and 9th centuries. Religious <a href="/wiki/Monumental_sculpture" title="Monumental sculpture">monumental sculpture</a> remained foreign to Orthodoxy. In the West, resistance to idolatry delayed the introduction of sculpted images for centuries until the time of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>, whose placing of a life-size <a href="/wiki/Crucifix" title="Crucifix">crucifix</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Palatine_Chapel,_Aachen" title="Palatine Chapel, Aachen">Palatine Chapel, Aachen</a> was probably a decisive moment, leading to the widespread use of monumental <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">reliefs</a> on churches, and later large statues. Many Christians believed that idols were not merely idle statues, but that they are inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">demons</a> who could exercise influence through the idol. By destroying idols, converted Christians believed to deprave devils of their earthly and material dwelling.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Libri_Carolini" title="Libri Carolini">Libri Carolini</a></i></span>, an eighth-century work composed at the command of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> in response to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Nicaea" title="Second Council of Nicaea">Second Council of Nicaea</a>, set out what remains the Catholic position on the veneration of images, giving them a similar but slightly less significant place than in Eastern Orthodoxy.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 16th-century <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Reformation</a> engendered spates of destruction of images, especially in England, Scotland, Ireland, Germany, Switzerland, the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a> (the <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/Beeldenstorm" title="Beeldenstorm">Beeldenstorm</a></i></span>), and France. Destruction of three-dimensional images was normally near-total, especially images of the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a> and saints, and the <a href="/wiki/Iconoclasm" title="Iconoclasm">iconoclasts</a> ("image-breakers") also smashed representations of holy figures in <a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">stained glass</a> windows and other imagery. Further destruction of icons, anathema to <a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritans</a>, occurred during the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>. Less extreme transitions occurred throughout northern Europe in which formerly Catholic churches became Protestant. </p><p>Catholic regions of Europe, especially artistic centres like <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, responded to Reformation iconoclasm with a <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a> renewal of venerable imagery, though banning some of the more fanciful medieval iconographies. Veneration of the Virgin Mary flourished, in practice and in imagery, and new shrines, such as in Rome's <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_Santa_Maria_Maggiore" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore">Santa Maria Maggiore</a></i></span>, were built for <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">Medieval</a> miraculous <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icons</a> as part of this trend. </p><p>According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a></i>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Christian veneration of images is not contrary to the first commandment which proscribes idols. Indeed, "the honor rendered to an image passes to its prototype", and "whoever venerates an image venerates the person portrayed in it". The honor paid to sacred images is a "respectful veneration", not the adoration due to God alone: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote" style="font-size:inherit"><p>Religious worship is not directed to images in themselves, considered as mere things, but under their distinctive aspect as images leading us on to God incarnate. The movement toward the image does not terminate in it as image, but tends toward that whose image it is.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cult_image&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cult_image" title="Special:EditPage/Cult image">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Towards the end of the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Islamic_Arabia" title="Pre-Islamic Arabia">pre-Islamic era</a> in the Arabian city of <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>, an era otherwise known by the Muslims as جاهلية, or <a href="/wiki/Jahiliyyah" title="Jahiliyyah">al-Jahiliyah</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">pagan</a> or pre-Islamic merchants of Mecca controlled the sacred <a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a>, thereby regulating control over it and, in turn, over the city itself. The local tribes of the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabian peninsula">Arabian peninsula</a> came to this centre of commerce to place their idols in the Kaaba, in the process being charged <a href="/wiki/Tithes" class="mw-redirect" title="Tithes">tithes</a>. This helped the Meccan merchants to incur substantial wealth, as well as ensuring a fruitful atmosphere for trade and intertribal relations in relative peace. </p><p>Muhammad's preaching incurred the wrath of the pagan merchants, causing them to revolt against him. The opposition to his teachings grew so volatile that Muhammad and his followers were forced to <a href="/wiki/Hijra_(Islam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hijra (Islam)">flee Mecca</a> to <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> for protection, leading to armed conflict and triggering many battles that were won and lost, which finally culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Mecca" title="Conquest of Mecca">conquest of Mecca</a> in the year 630. In the aftermath, Muhammad did three things. Firstly, with his companions he visited the Kaaba and literally threw out the idols and destroyed them, thus removing the signs of <a href="/wiki/Jahiliyyah" title="Jahiliyyah">Jahiliyyah</a> from the Kaaba. Secondly, he ordered the construction of a <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a> around the Kaaba, the first <a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Haram" title="Masjid al-Haram">Masjid al-Haram</a> after the birth of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. Thirdly, in a magnanimous manner, Muhammad pardoned all those who had taken up arms against him. With the destruction of the idols and the construction of the Masjid al-Haram, a new era was ushered in, facilitating <a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam" title="Spread of Islam">the rise of Islam</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indian_religions">Indian religions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cult_image&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Indian religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hinduism">Hinduism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cult_image&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Hinduism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Murti" title="Murti">Murti</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dagdushet_Halwai_Ganpati_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Dagdushet_Halwai_Ganpati_2005.jpg/220px-Dagdushet_Halwai_Ganpati_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Dagdushet_Halwai_Ganpati_2005.jpg/330px-Dagdushet_Halwai_Ganpati_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Dagdushet_Halwai_Ganpati_2005.jpg/440px-Dagdushet_Halwai_Ganpati_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="436" /></a><figcaption>A clay <a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a> murti, worshipped during <a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a> festival, and then ritually destroyed.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Garbhagriha" title="Garbhagriha">garbhagriha</a> or inner shrine of a <a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Hindu temple</a> contains an image of the deity. This may take the form of an elaborate statue, but a symbolic <a href="/wiki/Lingam" title="Lingam">lingam</a> is also very common, and sometimes a <a href="/wiki/Yoni" title="Yoni">yoni</a> or other symbolic form. Normally only the priests are allowed to enter the chamber, but <a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple_architecture" title="Hindu temple architecture">Hindu temple architecture</a> typically allows the image to be seen by worshippers in the <a href="/wiki/Mandapa" title="Mandapa">mandapa</a> connected to it (entry to this, and the whole temple, may also be restricted in various ways). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> allows for many forms of worship<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and therefore it neither prescribes nor proscribes worship of images (<i><a href="/wiki/Murti" title="Murti">murti</a></i>). In Hinduism, <i>murti</i><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> usually means an image that expresses a Divine Spirit (<i>murta</i>). Meaning literally "embodiment", a <i>murti</i> is a representation of a divinity, made usually of stone, wood, or metal, which serves as a means through which a divinity may be worshiped.<sup id="cite_ref-kkk_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kkk-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hindus consider a murti worthy of serving as a focus of divine worship only after the divine is invoked in it for the purpose of offering worship.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The depiction of the divinity must reflect the gestures and proportions outlined in religious tradition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jainism">Jainism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cult_image&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Jainism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberated.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Liberated.jpeg/150px-Liberated.jpeg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Liberated.jpeg/225px-Liberated.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Liberated.jpeg/300px-Liberated.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="556" /></a><figcaption>Image of <i>Siddha</i> (Liberated soul) worshiped by the Jains</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jain_sculpture" title="Jain sculpture">Jain sculpture</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tirthankara" title="Tirthankara">Tirthankaras</a> ("ford-maker") represent the true goal of all human beings.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their qualities are worshipped by the Jains. Images depicting any of the twenty four <i><a href="/wiki/Tirthankara" title="Tirthankara">Tirthankaras</a></i> are placed in the <a href="/wiki/Jain_temple" title="Jain temple">Jain temples</a>. There is no belief that the image itself is other than a representation of the being it represents. The Tirthankaras cannot respond to such veneration, but that it can function as a meditative aid. Although most veneration takes the form of prayers, hymns and recitations, the idol is sometimes ritually bathed, and often has offerings made to it; there are eight kinds of offering representing the eight types of <a href="/wiki/Karma_in_Jainism" title="Karma in Jainism">karmas</a> as per Jainism.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This form of reverence is not a central tenet of the faith. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buddhism">Buddhism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cult_image&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Buddhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aniconism_in_Buddhism" title="Aniconism in Buddhism">Aniconism in Buddhism</a></div> <p>Very early Buddhism <a href="/wiki/Aniconism_in_Buddhism" title="Aniconism in Buddhism">avoided representations of the Buddha, who was represented by symbols or an empty space</a>. Later large images of the <a href="/wiki/Historical_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Buddha">Historical Buddha</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Buddhas_and_bodhisattvas_in_art" title="Buddhas and bodhisattvas in art">other buddhas and bodhisattvas</a> became important in many schools of <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_art" title="Buddhist art">Buddhist art</a>, and have mostly remained so. The attitude of the devotee towards the image is highly complicated and variable in Buddhism, depending on the particular tradition, and the degree of training in Buddhist thought of the individual. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Dharma_wheel" class="mw-redirect" title="Dharma wheel">dharma wheel</a> is an image that used for worship in Buddhism. The Dharma represents and symbolizes all of the teachings of the Buddha. The Dharma is a wheel or circle, that maintains different qualities that are meant to be essential to the Buddhist religion. Typically, the wheel shows the eight step path that Buddhists follow to reach Nirvana. The symbol is a wheel in order to show the flow of life: Buddhists believe in reincarnation, so life moves in a circle and does not end in death. The build of the idol depends on the school of Buddhism that you belong to. Buddhist idols that originate from <a href="/wiki/Theravada_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Theravada Buddhism">Theravada Buddhism</a> are commonly slim, and majestic. Buddhist idols that originate from <a href="/wiki/Mahayana_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahayana Buddhism">Mahayana Buddhism</a> are usually thicker, with a more dignified and nonchalant face. Buddhist idols that originate from <a href="/wiki/Vajrayana_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Vajrayana Buddhism">Vajrayana Buddhism</a> usually have a more exaggerated posture, and usually show the Buddha / <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva</a> performing hand <a href="/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra">Mudras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="East_Asian_religions">East Asian religions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cult_image&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: East Asian religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shinto">Shinto</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cult_image&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Shinto"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cult_image" title="Special:EditPage/Cult image">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a>, cult images are called <a href="/wiki/Shintai" title="Shintai">shintai</a>. The earliest historical examples of these were natural objects such as stones, waterfalls, trees or mountains, like <a href="/wiki/Mount_Fuji" title="Mount Fuji">Mount Fuji</a>, while the vast majority are man-made objects such as swords, jewels or mirrors. Rather than being representative of or part of the <a href="/wiki/Kami" title="Kami">kami</a>, shintai are seen as repositories in which the essence of such spirits can temporarily reside to make themselves accessible for humans to worship. A ceremony called <a href="/wiki/Kanj%C5%8D" title="Kanjō">kanjō</a> can be used to propagate the essence of a kami into another shintai, allowing the same deity to be enshrined in multiple shrines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Native_American_religions">Native American religions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cult_image&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Native American religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cult_image&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cult_image&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seated_Woman_of_%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk_on_black_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seated Woman of Çatalhöyük"><img alt="Seated Woman of Çatalhöyük" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Seated_Woman_of_%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk_on_black_background.jpg/90px-Seated_Woman_of_%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk_on_black_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Seated_Woman_of_%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk_on_black_background.jpg/135px-Seated_Woman_of_%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk_on_black_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Seated_Woman_of_%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk_on_black_background.jpg/180px-Seated_Woman_of_%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk_on_black_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2244" data-file-height="2992" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Seated_Woman_of_%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk" title="Seated Woman of Çatalhöyük">Seated Woman of Çatalhöyük</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Durga_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Hindu goddess Durga"><img alt="The Hindu goddess Durga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Durga_2005.jpg/90px-Durga_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Durga_2005.jpg/135px-Durga_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Durga_2005.jpg/180px-Durga_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Hindu goddess <a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kali-puja.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kali"><img alt="Kali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Kali-puja.jpg/80px-Kali-puja.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Kali-puja.jpg/120px-Kali-puja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Kali-puja.jpg/160px-Kali-puja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="390" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Guatimac.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guatimac, a Guanche idol"><img alt="Guatimac, a Guanche idol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/El_Guatimac.jpg/82px-El_Guatimac.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/El_Guatimac.jpg/123px-El_Guatimac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/El_Guatimac.jpg/164px-El_Guatimac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1635" data-file-height="2390" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Guatimac" title="Guatimac">Guatimac</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Guanches" title="Guanches">Guanche</a> idol</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tian_Tan_Buddha_by_Beria.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tian Tan Buddha"><img alt="Tian Tan Buddha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Tian_Tan_Buddha_by_Beria.jpg/120px-Tian_Tan_Buddha_by_Beria.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Tian_Tan_Buddha_by_Beria.jpg/180px-Tian_Tan_Buddha_by_Beria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Tian_Tan_Buddha_by_Beria.jpg/240px-Tian_Tan_Buddha_by_Beria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1993" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tian_Tan_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tian Tan Buddha">Tian Tan Buddha</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Altar_to_Guandi,_Temple_of_Guandi,_Jinan,_Shandong,_China.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Altar in Chinese temple"><img alt="Altar in Chinese temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Altar_to_Guandi%2C_Temple_of_Guandi%2C_Jinan%2C_Shandong%2C_China.png/120px-Altar_to_Guandi%2C_Temple_of_Guandi%2C_Jinan%2C_Shandong%2C_China.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Altar_to_Guandi%2C_Temple_of_Guandi%2C_Jinan%2C_Shandong%2C_China.png/180px-Altar_to_Guandi%2C_Temple_of_Guandi%2C_Jinan%2C_Shandong%2C_China.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Altar_to_Guandi%2C_Temple_of_Guandi%2C_Jinan%2C_Shandong%2C_China.png/240px-Altar_to_Guandi%2C_Temple_of_Guandi%2C_Jinan%2C_Shandong%2C_China.png 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Altar in Chinese temple</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maximon_-_Lago_Atitlan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maximón, a Maya god"><img alt="Maximón, a Maya god" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Maximon_-_Lago_Atitlan.jpg/80px-Maximon_-_Lago_Atitlan.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Maximon_-_Lago_Atitlan.jpg/120px-Maximon_-_Lago_Atitlan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Maximon_-_Lago_Atitlan.jpg/160px-Maximon_-_Lago_Atitlan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Maxim%C3%B3n" title="Maximón">Maximón</a>, a Maya god</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Novena_a_Nuestra_Senora_del_Perpetuo_Socorro_in_Brasil.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brazilian Crucifix"><img alt="Brazilian Crucifix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Novena_a_Nuestra_Senora_del_Perpetuo_Socorro_in_Brasil.jpg/89px-Novena_a_Nuestra_Senora_del_Perpetuo_Socorro_in_Brasil.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Novena_a_Nuestra_Senora_del_Perpetuo_Socorro_in_Brasil.jpg/134px-Novena_a_Nuestra_Senora_del_Perpetuo_Socorro_in_Brasil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Novena_a_Nuestra_Senora_del_Perpetuo_Socorro_in_Brasil.jpg/179px-Novena_a_Nuestra_Senora_del_Perpetuo_Socorro_in_Brasil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="1020" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brazilian <a href="/wiki/Crucifix" title="Crucifix">Crucifix</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cult_image&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andachtsbilder" title="Andachtsbilder">Andachtsbilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antinous_Mondragone" title="Antinous Mondragone">Antinous Mondragone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asherah" title="Asherah">Asherah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cult (religion)">Cult (religion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devotional_medal" title="Devotional medal">Devotional medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetishism" title="Fetishism">Fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_card" title="Holy card">Holy card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honzon" title="Honzon">Honzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconoclasm" title="Iconoclasm">Iconoclasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_and_Child" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna and Child">Madonna and Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prana_pratishta" class="mw-redirect" title="Prana pratishta">Prana pratishta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_image" title="Religious image">Religious image</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cult_image&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=idol">"idol"</a>. <i>American Heritage Dictionary</i>. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=idol&rft.btitle=American+Heritage+Dictionary&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3Didol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACult+image" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/idol">"idol"</a>. <i>Merriam–Webster</i>. 2019-01-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=idol&rft.btitle=Merriam%E2%80%93Webster&rft.date=2019-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fidol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACult+image" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160930041659/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/idol">"idol"</a>. <i>Oxford Living Dictionaries</i>. 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/idol">the original</a> on 2016-09-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=idol&rft.btitle=Oxford+Living+Dictionaries&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fidol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACult+image" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Halbertal1992p1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Halbertal1992p1_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoshe_HalbertalAvishai_MargalitNaomi_Goldblum1992" class="citation book cs1">Moshe Halbertal; Avishai Margalit; Naomi Goldblum (1992). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/idolatry00halb"><i>Idolatry</i></a></span>. Harvard University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/idolatry00halb/page/n24">1</a>–8, 85–86, 146–148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-44313-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-44313-6"><bdi>978-0-674-44313-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Idolatry&rft.pages=1-8%2C+85-86%2C+146-148&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-674-44313-6&rft.au=Moshe+Halbertal&rft.au=Avishai+Margalit&rft.au=Naomi+Goldblum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fidolatry00halb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACult+image" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiBernardo2008" class="citation journal cs1">DiBernardo, Sabatino (2008). "American Idol(atry): A Religious Profanation". <i>The Journal of Religion and Popular Culture</i>. <b>19</b> (1): 1–2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2Fjrpc.19.1.001">10.3138/jrpc.19.1.001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Religion+and+Popular+Culture&rft.atitle=American+Idol%28atry%29%3A+A+Religious+Profanation&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-2&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2Fjrpc.19.1.001&rft.aulast=DiBernardo&rft.aufirst=Sabatino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACult+image" class="Z3988"></span>, Quote: "Idolatry (...) in the first commandment denotes the notion of worship, adoration, or reverence of an image of God."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoorthuis2007" class="citation book cs1">Poorthuis, Marcel (2007). "6. Idolatry and the Mirror: Iconoclasm as a Prerequisite for Inter-Human Relations". <i>Iconoclasm and Iconoclash</i>. BRILL Academic. pp. 125–140. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2Fej.9789004161955.i-538.53">10.1163/ej.9789004161955.i-538.53</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004161955" title="Special:BookSources/9789004161955"><bdi>9789004161955</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=6.+Idolatry+and+the+Mirror%3A+Iconoclasm+as+a+Prerequisite+for+Inter-Human+Relations&rft.btitle=Iconoclasm+and+Iconoclash&rft.pages=125-140&rft.pub=BRILL+Academic&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2Fej.9789004161955.i-538.53&rft.isbn=9789004161955&rft.aulast=Poorthuis&rft.aufirst=Marcel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACult+image" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenova,_Rebecca_I.2018" class="citation book cs1">Denova, Rebecca I. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1243160502"><i>Greek and Roman religions</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78785-765-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78785-765-0"><bdi>978-1-78785-765-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1243160502">1243160502</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+and+Roman+religions&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1243160502&rft.isbn=978-1-78785-765-0&rft.au=Denova%2C+Rebecca+I.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1243160502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACult+image" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=idol">"idol"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=idol&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Didol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACult+image" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2002" class="citation book cs1">Smith, P. Christopher (2002). "Is Plato a Metaphysical Thinker? Rereading the 'Sophist' after the Middle Heidegger". In Welton, William A. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vbtbQk_A0YoC"><i>Plato's Forms: Varieties of Interpretation</i></a>. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. p. 243. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780739105146" title="Special:BookSources/9780739105146"><bdi>9780739105146</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 Jan</span> 2019</span>. <q>... what is seen and known is no longer the original transient physical thing coming to pass either temporally or locally but the static metaphysical <i>eidos</i> or intelligible 'look' a physical thing has about it, the conceptual form known by the mind's eye and of which the physical thing is now only a particular instance.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Is+Plato+a+Metaphysical+Thinker%3F+Rereading+the+%27Sophist%27+after+the+Middle+Heidegger&rft.btitle=Plato%27s+Forms%3A+Varieties+of+Interpretation&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=243&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780739105146&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=P.+Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvbtbQk_A0YoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACult+image" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1992" class="citation book cs1">Smith, John Clark (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3HjYAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Ancient Wisdom of Origen</i></a>. Bucknell University Press. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780838752043" title="Special:BookSources/9780838752043"><bdi>9780838752043</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 Jan</span> 2019</span>. <q>The Platonic Forms become, in fact, thoughts of the Divine Mind ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+Wisdom+of+Origen&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Bucknell+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780838752043&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=John+Clark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3HjYAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACult+image" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPopper1945" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Popper, Karl</a> (1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gw9wV2Unpe8C"><i>The Open Society and its Enemies</i></a> (7 ed.). London: Routledge (published 2012). pp. 146, 158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136749773" title="Special:BookSources/9781136749773"><bdi>9781136749773</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 Jan</span> 2019</span>. <q>... the divine originals, the Forms or Ideas ... the divine world of Forms or Ideas ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Open+Society+and+its+Enemies&rft.place=London&rft.pages=146%2C+158&rft.edition=7&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1945&rft.isbn=9781136749773&rft.aulast=Popper&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGw9wV2Unpe8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACult+image" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JE-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JE_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKohlerBlau1906" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kaufmann_Kohler" title="Kaufmann Kohler">Kohler, Kaufmann</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Blau" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig Blau">Blau, Ludwig</a> (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/15027-worship-idol">"Idol-Worship"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Encyclopedia">Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Kopelman_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kopelman Foundation">Kopelman Foundation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130504235442/https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/15027-worship-idol">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Idol-Worship&rft.btitle=Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Kopelman+Foundation&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Kohler&rft.aufirst=Kaufmann&rft.au=Blau%2C+Ludwig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F15027-worship-idol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACult+image" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tractate <i><a href="/wiki/Avodah_Zarah" title="Avodah Zarah">Avodah Zarah</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoshe_HalbertalAvishai_Margalit1992" class="citation book cs1">Moshe Halbertal; Avishai Margalit (1992). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/idolatry00halb"><i>Idolatry</i></a></span>. Harvard University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/idolatry00halb/page/209">209</a>–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-44313-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-44313-6"><bdi>978-0-674-44313-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Idolatry&rft.pages=209-&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-674-44313-6&rft.au=Moshe+Halbertal&rft.au=Avishai+Margalit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fidolatry00halb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACult+image" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brend, Barbara. "Figurative Art in Medieval Islam and the Riddle of Bihzād of Herāt (1465–1535). By Michael Barry. p. 231. Paris, Flammarion, 2004." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 17.1 (2007): 231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDodwell1993" class="citation book cs1">Dodwell, C. R. (1993). <i>The Pictorial Arts of the West, 800–1200</i>. Yale University press. pp. 32–33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-06493-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-06493-4"><bdi>0-300-06493-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pictorial+Arts+of+the+West%2C+800%E2%80%931200&rft.pages=32-33&rft.pub=Yale+University+press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-300-06493-4&rft.aulast=Dodwell&rft.aufirst=C.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACult+image" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/para/2132.htm"><i>Catechism of the Catholic Church - Paragraph # 2132</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church+-+Paragraph+%23+2132&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scborromeo.org%2Fccc%2Fpara%2F2132.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACult+image" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaswani2002" class="citation book cs1">Vaswani, J. P. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NVJORFklvLEC&pg=PA12"><i>Hinduism: What You Would Like to Know About</i></a>. Sterling. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9049-1002-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9049-1002-2"><bdi>978-1-9049-1002-2</bdi></a>. <q>Hinduism also teaches us that all forms of worship are acceptable to God. We may use idols; we may go to temples; we may recite set prayers; we may offer a simple form of worship with flowers and a lamp; or we may perform an elaborate puja with set rituals; we may sing bhajans or join a kirtan session or we can just close our eyes and meditate upon the light within us.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hinduism%3A+What+You+Would+Like+to+Know+About&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Sterling&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-9049-1002-2&rft.aulast=Vaswani&rft.aufirst=J.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNVJORFklvLEC%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACult+image" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/398379/pratima">"pratima (Hinduism)"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=pratima+%28Hinduism%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F398379%2Fpratima&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACult+image" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kkk-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kkk_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Klostermaier" title="Klaus Klostermaier">Klostermaier, Klaus K.</a> <i>A Survey of Hinduism</i>. 1989 pp. 293–295</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kumar Singh, Nagendra. <i>Encyclopaedia of Hinduism, Volume 7</i>. 1997, pp. 739–743</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimmer1953" class="citation cs2">Zimmer, Heinrich (1953), Joseph Campbell (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Philosophy.of.India.by.Heinrich.Zimmer"><i>Philosophies Of India</i></a>, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd, p. 182, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8120807396" title="Special:BookSources/978-8120807396"><bdi>978-8120807396</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philosophies+Of+India&rft.place=London&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+Kegan+Paul+Ltd&rft.date=1953&rft.isbn=978-8120807396&rft.aulast=Zimmer&rft.aufirst=Heinrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FPhilosophy.of.India.by.Heinrich.Zimmer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACult+image" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"Hansa sutaria", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070628175007/http://www.jaina.org/educationcommittee/education_material/C15_Jain_Rituals_and_Holidays/Jain%20Rituals%20and%20Ceremonies%20-%20%20Hansa%20Sutaria.doc"><i>Jain rituals & ceremonies</i></a>, Jaina, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaina.org/educationcommittee/education_material/C15_Jain_Rituals_and_Holidays/Jain%20Rituals%20and%20Ceremonies%20-%20%20Hansa%20Sutaria.doc">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Doc)</span> on 2007-06-28</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hansa+sutaria&rft.btitle=Jain+rituals+%26+ceremonies&rft.pub=Jaina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaina.org%2Feducationcommittee%2Feducation_material%2FC15_Jain_Rituals_and_Holidays%2FJain%2520Rituals%2520and%2520Ceremonies%2520-%2520%2520Hansa%2520Sutaria.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACult+image" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowers" class="citation web cs1">Powers, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195393521/obo-9780195393521-0059.xml">"Dharma"</a>. <i>Oxford Bibliographies</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Bibliographies&rft.atitle=Dharma&rft.aulast=Powers&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordbibliographies.com%2Fview%2Fdocument%2Fobo-9780195393521%2Fobo-9780195393521-0059.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACult+image" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cult_image&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of <i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" class="extiw" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></i> article "<b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Idol" class="extiw" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work/Idol">Idol</a></b>".</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Image_Worship" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Image Worship">Image Worship</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDick1999" class="citation book cs1">Dick, Michael Brennan, ed. (1999). <i>Born in Heaven, Made on Earth: The Making of the Cult Image in the Ancient Near East</i>. Eisenbrauns. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57506-024-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-57506-024-8"><bdi>1-57506-024-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Born+in+Heaven%2C+Made+on+Earth%3A+The+Making+of+the+Cult+Image+in+the+Ancient+Near+East&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-57506-024-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACult+image" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill,_Marsha2007" class="citation book cs1">Hill, Marsha (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15324coll10/id/74020"><i><span></span></i>Gifts for the gods: images from Egyptian temples<i><span></span></i></a>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781588392312" title="Special:BookSources/9781588392312"><bdi>9781588392312</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gifts+for+the+gods%3A+images+from+Egyptian+temples&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781588392312&rft.au=Hill%2C+Marsha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibmma.contentdm.oclc.org%2Fcdm%2Fref%2Fcollection%2Fp15324coll10%2Fid%2F74020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACult+image" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHundley,_Michael_B.2013" class="citation book cs1">Hundley, Michael B. (2013). <i>Gods in Dwellings: Temples and Divine Presence in the Ancient Near East</i>. Society of Biblical Literature. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1589839205" title="Special:BookSources/978-1589839205"><bdi>978-1589839205</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gods+in+Dwellings%3A+Temples+and+Divine+Presence+in+the+Ancient+Near+East&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1589839205&rft.au=Hundley%2C+Michael+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACult+image" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalls2005" class="citation book cs1">Walls, Neal H., ed. (2005). <i>Cult Image and Divine Representation in the Ancient Near East</i>. American Schools of Oriental Research. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0897570685" title="Special:BookSources/0897570685"><bdi>0897570685</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cult+Image+and+Divine+Representation+in+the+Ancient+Near+East&rft.pub=American+Schools+of+Oriental+Research&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0897570685&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACult+image" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cult_image&oldid=1252826859">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cult_image&oldid=1252826859</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cult_images" title="Category:Cult images">Cult images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_art" title="Category:Religious art">Religious art</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_objects" title="Category:Religious objects">Religious objects</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Worship" title="Category:Worship">Worship</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_January_2019" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from January 2019">Articles needing additional references from January 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Dutch-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Dutch-language text">Articles containing Dutch-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Italian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Italian-language text">Articles containing Italian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_January_2024" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from January 2024">Articles to be expanded from January 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_empty_sections_from_January_2024" title="Category:Articles with empty sections from January 2024">Articles with empty sections from January 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_empty_sections" title="Category:All articles with empty sections">All articles with empty sections</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 October 2024, at 03:06<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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