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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhu_Quan" title="Zhu Quan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zhu Quan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E6%AC%8A" title="朱權 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="朱權" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EA%B6%8C_(%EC%98%81%ED%97%8C%EC%99%95)" title="주권 (영헌왕) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주권 (영헌왕)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the baseball player of the same Chinese name, see <a href="/wiki/Ju_Kwon" title="Ju Kwon">Ju Kwon</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prince of Ning</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Zhu Quan<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">朱權</span></span></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Prince of Ning</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">1391–1448</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data">Zhu Dianpei, Prince Jing</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1378</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1448<span style="display:none">(1448-00-00)</span> (aged 69–70)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label">Tomb of Zhu Quan (in present-day <a href="/wiki/Xinjian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinjian District">Xinjian District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Zhu Panshi, Hereditary Prince Zhuanghui</li> <li><i>Second son</i></li> <li>Zhu Panye, Prince Kangxi of Linchuan</li> <li>Zhu Panyao, Prince Anjian of Yichun</li> <li>Zhu Panzhu, Prince Anxi of Xinchang</li> <li>Zhu Panmuo, Prince Daohui of Xinfeng</li> <li>Princess Yongxin</li> <li>Princess Yushan</li> <li>Princess Qingjiang</li> <li>Princess Fengxin</li> <li>Princess Jinxi</li> <li>Princess Taihe</li> <li>Princess Pengze</li> <li>Princess Luling</li> <li>Princess Xinyu</li> <li>Princess Xincheng</li> <li>Princess Fuliang</li> <li><i>Twelfth daughter</i></li> <li>Princess Nanfeng</li> <li>Princess Yongfeng</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Zhu Quan (朱權)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Prince Xian of Ning (寧獻王)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor" title="Hongwu Emperor">Hongwu Emperor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data">Imperial Concubine Yang</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Historian, military commander, musician, playwright</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <i> <a href="/wiki/Zhu_(surname)" title="Zhu (surname)">Zhu</a></i>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shenqi_Mipu_vol_3_pg_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Shenqi_Mipu_vol_3_pg_1.jpg/240px-Shenqi_Mipu_vol_3_pg_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Shenqi_Mipu_vol_3_pg_1.jpg/360px-Shenqi_Mipu_vol_3_pg_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Shenqi_Mipu_vol_3_pg_1.jpg/480px-Shenqi_Mipu_vol_3_pg_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="492" /></a><figcaption>First page / leaf of volume 3 of Zhu Quan's Shenqi Mipu. From right to left: Full title of tablature collection 臞仙神奇秘譜 with volume number 下卷 (lower or third) plus seals of the owner of this copy (if any), title of the volume 霞外神品, the tuning and method of tuning 黃鐘調, name of the 'modal preface' 調意, the tablature (shorthand) of the modal preface, [next page] title of the piece, description of the piece's origins, and the tablature of said piece.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Zhu Quan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">朱权</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">朱權</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zhū Quán</span></i>; 1378–1448<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), the <b>Prince of Ning</b> (simplified Chinese: <span lang="zh-Hans">宁王</span>; traditional Chinese: <span lang="zh-Hant">寧王</span>; pinyin: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Nìngwáng</span></i>), was a Chinese historian, military commander, musician, and playwright. He was the 17th son of the <a href="/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor" title="Hongwu Emperor">Hongwu Emperor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>. During his life, he served as a <a href="/wiki/Military_commander" class="mw-redirect" title="Military commander">military commander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feudal_lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudal lord">feudal lord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Historian" title="Historian">historian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Playwright" title="Playwright">playwright</a>. He is also remembered as a great tea connoisseur, a <a href="/wiki/Guqin" title="Guqin">zither</a> player, and <a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">composer</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_names">Other names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Quan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Other names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to Prince of Ning, Zhu Quan was also known as the <b>Strange Scholar of the Great Ming</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">大明奇士</span></span>, <i>Da Ming Qi Shi</i>). As part of his <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoist</a> attempts to avoid death, he adopted the <a href="/wiki/Hao_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hao (name)">aliases</a> the <b>Emaciated Immortal</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">臞仙</span></span>, <i>Qúxiān</i>), the "Master who Encompasses Emptiness" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">涵虚子</span></span>, <i>Hánxūzi</i>), "Taoist of the Mysterious Continent" or "Taoist of the Mysterious Island" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">玄洲道人</span></span>, <i>Xuánzhōu Dàoren</i>), and "Perfected Gentleman of the Marvelous Way of the Unfathomable Emptiness of the Southern Pole" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">南极沖虚妙道真君</span></span>, <i>Nánjí Chōngxū Miàodào Zhēnjūn</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-dickwang_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dickwang-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Quan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%AD%A6%E5%A4%B7%E5%B1%B1%E8%8C%B6%E5%8D%9A%E5%9B%AD%E6%9C%B1%E6%9D%83%E5%A1%91%E5%83%8F.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%E6%AD%A6%E5%A4%B7%E5%B1%B1%E8%8C%B6%E5%8D%9A%E5%9B%AD%E6%9C%B1%E6%9D%83%E5%A1%91%E5%83%8F.JPG/300px-%E6%AD%A6%E5%A4%B7%E5%B1%B1%E8%8C%B6%E5%8D%9A%E5%9B%AD%E6%9C%B1%E6%9D%83%E5%A1%91%E5%83%8F.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%E6%AD%A6%E5%A4%B7%E5%B1%B1%E8%8C%B6%E5%8D%9A%E5%9B%AD%E6%9C%B1%E6%9D%83%E5%A1%91%E5%83%8F.JPG/450px-%E6%AD%A6%E5%A4%B7%E5%B1%B1%E8%8C%B6%E5%8D%9A%E5%9B%AD%E6%9C%B1%E6%9D%83%E5%A1%91%E5%83%8F.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%E6%AD%A6%E5%A4%B7%E5%B1%B1%E8%8C%B6%E5%8D%9A%E5%9B%AD%E6%9C%B1%E6%9D%83%E5%A1%91%E5%83%8F.JPG/600px-%E6%AD%A6%E5%A4%B7%E5%B1%B1%E8%8C%B6%E5%8D%9A%E5%9B%AD%E6%9C%B1%E6%9D%83%E5%A1%91%E5%83%8F.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Zhu Quan in Wuyi Mountain Tea Theme Park</figcaption></figure> <p>Zhu Quan was initially a military commander in service to his father, the <a href="/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor" title="Hongwu Emperor">Hongwu Emperor</a> who founded the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>. He was granted the frontier fief of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ning_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ning Province (page does not exist)">Ning</a> with his capital at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daming,_Ningcheng_County&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daming, Ningcheng County (page does not exist)">Daning</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a> in 1391. He was famous for his mastery of art and war and played an important role during the unrest surrounding the ascension of his teenage nephew, <a href="/wiki/Jianwen_Emperor" title="Jianwen Emperor">Jianwen Emperor</a>, in 1399. </p><p>Under the advice of his <a href="/wiki/Scholar-bureaucrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholar-bureaucrat">Confucian advisors</a>, the Jianwen Emperor summoned his uncle to an audience in the imperial capital <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>. Wary of the emperor's intentions, as other uncles were demoted or executed the same year, Zhu Quan refused and lost three of his divisions for insubordination.<sup id="cite_ref-bioming_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bioming-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Di" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhu Di">Zhu Di</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Yan" title="Prince of Yan">Prince of Yan</a>, was preparing for <a href="/wiki/Jingnan_campaign" title="Jingnan campaign">his own uprising</a> against the emperor and considered it a major point to neutralize Zhu Quan, a talented leader of well-trained troops located behind his lines. Taking advantage of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wu_Gao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wu Gao (page does not exist)">Wu Gao</a>'s attack on <a href="/wiki/Lulong_County" title="Lulong County">Yongping</a> near modern <a href="/wiki/Shanhaiguan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanhaiguan District">Shanhaiguan</a>, the Prince of Yan – after crushing Wu Gao's force – rode hastily to Daning and feigned defeat and distress. After several days, his forces were in position and successfully captured Zhu Quan as he was seeing his brother off. The official history of the Ming records Daning's evacuation, with Zhu Quan's harem and courtiers removed to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Songtingguan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Songtingguan (page does not exist)">Songtingguan</a> and the prince himself kept in the Yan capital at <a href="/wiki/Beiping" class="mw-redirect" title="Beiping">Beiping</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-bioming_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bioming-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but passes over Zhu Di's setting of the entire city to the torch and the destruction of Zhu Quan's extensive library.<sup id="cite_ref-dickwang_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dickwang-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From that point, Zhu Quan assisted his brother in his uprising, with the <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ming" title="History of Ming">History of Ming</a></i> recording that the Prince of Yan offered to split the entire empire between them. After his elevation as the <a href="/wiki/Yongle_Emperor" title="Yongle Emperor">Yongle Emperor</a> in 1402, however, he swiftly reneged and refused to appoint his brother to lordship over <a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Qiantang</a>, instead giving him a choice only of backwater appointments. He settled upon <a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a>. After a scare where he was accused of practicing <i>wugu</i> sorcery,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zhu Quan essentially retired from any interference with the realm, devoting his time instead to cultural pursuits.<sup id="cite_ref-bioming_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bioming-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meeting daily with local or visiting scholars ang Taoists, he <a href="/wiki/Taoist_immortals" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoist immortals">pursued immortality</a>. He treasured and revised his <i>Secret Book of Origins</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">原始秘书</span></span>, <i>Yuánshǐ Mìshū</i>), a text which survived the fire of Daning and sharply attacked <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> as a foreign "mourning cult" at odds with Chinese culture and proper governance. His encyclopedia of <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>, the <i>Most Pure and Precious Books on the Way of August Heaven</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">天皇至道太清玉册</span></span>, <i>Tiānhuáng Zhìdào Tàiqīngyù Cè</i>), was so esteemed it joined the <a href="/wiki/Taoist_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoist canon">Taoist canon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dickwang_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dickwang-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His brother ordered him to complete the <i>Comprehensive Mirror of Extensive Essays</i> (<i>Tongjian Bolun</i>) and was also credited with writing <i>Family Advice</i> (<i>Jia Xun</i>), <i>Ceremonial Customs of the Country of Ning</i> (<i>Ningguo Yifan</i>), <i>The Secret History of the Han and Tang</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">汉唐秘史</span></span>, <i>Hàn-Táng Mìshǐ</i>), <i>History Breaks Off</i> (<i>Shi Duan</i>), a <i>Book of Essays</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">文谱</span></span>, <i>Wén Pǔ</i>), a <i>Book of Poetry</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">诗谱</span></span>, <i>Shī Pǔ</i>), and several other annotated anthologies.<sup id="cite_ref-bioming_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bioming-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His most successful was his <i><a href="/wiki/Cha_Pu" title="Cha Pu">Tea Manual</a></i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">茶谱</span></span>, <i>Chá Pǔ</i>). In addition, he personally funded the publication of many rare books and composed several operas. </p><p>Zhu Quan is an important figure in the history of the Chinese zither, or <i><a href="/wiki/Guqin" title="Guqin">guqin</a></i>, for his compilation of the important <i>Manual of the Mysterious and Marvellous</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">神奇秘谱</span></span>, <i>Shénqí Mì Pǔ</i>) in 1425. This is the earliest known large scale collection of qin scores to have survived to the present day. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Quan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Consort:</b> </p> <ul><li>Lady Zhang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">張氏</span></span>), Commander of the Wardens Zhang Tai's (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">兵馬指揮張泰</span></span>) daughter, died before his own death.</li></ul> <p><b>Sons:</b> </p> <ul><li>Zhu Panshi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">朱盤烒</span></span>; 16 October 1395 – 23 February 1437), Hereditary Prince of Ning (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">寧世子</span></span>), first son<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Married Commander of the East City Wardens Yu Sheng's (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">東城兵馬指揮俞盛</span></span>) daughter as Hereditary Princess of Ning (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">寧世子妃</span></span>) in March 1417</li></ul></li> <li><i>Second son</i>, died young</li> <li>Zhu Panye (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">朱盤燁</span></span>), third son<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Married Deputy Commander of the North City Wardens Huang Fu's (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">北城兵馬副指揮黃福</span></span>) daughter (d. January 1440) in August 1426, later married Company Commander Wang Xing's (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">百戶王興</span></span>) daughter in May 1455.</li></ul></li> <li>Zhu Panyao (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">朱盤烑</span></span>; October 1414 – July 1492), Prince Anjian of Yichun (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">宜春安簡王</span></span>), fourth son<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Married Jinwu Rear Guard Commander Liu Xun's (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">金吾後衛指揮劉勛</span></span>) daughter in October 1430</li></ul></li> <li>Zhu Panzhu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">朱盤炷</span></span>; October 1419 – 1459), Prince Anxi of Xinchang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">新昌安僖王</span></span>), fifth son<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Married Xiaoling Guard Commander Ge Tan's (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">孝陵衛指揮使葛覃</span></span>) daughter in March 1437</li></ul></li> <li>Zhu Panmou (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">朱盤㷬</span></span>; 1420 – January 1439), Prince Daohui of Xinfeng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">信豐悼惠王</span></span>), sixth son<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>Daughters:</b> </p> <ul><li>Princess Yongxin (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">永新郡主</span></span>), first daughter<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Married Jinxiang Guard Drafter Gao Heling (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">金鄉衛舍人高鶴齡</span></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Princess Yushan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">玉山郡主</span></span>), second daughter<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Married Chief Commissioner Drafter Fang Jingxiang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">都督舍人方景祥</span></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Princess Qingjiang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">清江郡主</span></span>), third daughter<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Married Xi'ning Guard Commander Chen Tong's (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">西寧衛指揮陳通</span></span>) younger brother Chen Yi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">陳逸</span></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Princess Fengxin (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">奉新郡主</span></span>), fourth daughter<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Married Wang Shuang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">王爽</span></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Princess Jinxi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">金溪郡主</span></span>; d. August 1449), fifth daughter<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Married the Right Army Commissioner Han Guan's (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">右軍都督韓觀</span></span>) younger brother Han Fu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">韓輔</span></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Princess Taihe (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">泰和郡主</span></span>), sixth daughter<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Married Wang Yencheng of Poyang County's (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">鄱陽縣汪彥誠</span></span>) son Wang Zhanran (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">汪湛然</span></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Princess Pengze (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">彭澤郡主</span></span>), seventh daughter<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Married Longxiang Guard Commander Wang Gang's (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">龍驤衛指揮王剛</span></span>) nephew Wang Zhi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">王質</span></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Princess Luling (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">廬陵郡主</span></span>), eighth daughter<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Married Qizhou Guard Commander Tian Sheng's (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">蘄州衛指揮田晟</span></span>) younger brother Tian Yu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">田昱</span></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Princess Xinyu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">新喻郡主</span></span>), ninth daughter<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Married Ganzhou Prefecture Record Keeper Hu Yu's (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">贛州府照磨胡羽</span></span>) son Hu Guangji (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">胡光霽</span></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Princess Xincheng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">新城郡主</span></span>), tenth daughter<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>o<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Married Regent (Liushou) Central Guard Commander Li Jun's (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">留守中衛指揮李俊</span></span>) son Li Huan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李瓛</span></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Princess Fuliang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">浮梁郡主</span></span>), 11th daughter<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>p<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Twelfth daughter</i>, died young, no title</li> <li>Princess Nanfeng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">南豐郡主</span></span>), 13th daughter<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>q<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Married Jiangxi Military Commissioner Zhang Xiang's (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">江西都指揮張祥</span></span>) son Zhang Wen (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">張雯</span></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Princess Yongfeng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">永豊郡主</span></span>), 14th daughter<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>r<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descendants">Descendants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Quan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Descendants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zhu Quan's descendant, <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Chenhao" title="Zhu Chenhao">Zhu Chenhao, the Prince of Ning</a>, rebelled against the <a href="/wiki/Zhengde_Emperor" title="Zhengde Emperor">Zhengde Emperor</a> in what is known as the <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Chenhao_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhu Chenhao rebellion">Chenhao rebellion</a>. It was only forty-three days before it was put down by <a href="/wiki/Wang_Yangming" title="Wang Yangming">Wang Yangming</a>, the Governor of Nan'gan, resulting in the abolition of the Prince of Ning's fiefdom. The famous painter <a href="/wiki/Bada_Shanren" title="Bada Shanren">Bada Shanren</a> was his seventh-generation grandson, and Lin Shiyi (林時益), one of Yitang Jiuzi (易堂九子), was his eighth-generation grandson. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Quan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Classics" class="mw-redirect" title="Tea Classics">Tea Classics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guqin" title="Guqin">Guqin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Quan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">He was made Hereditary Prince of Ning in May 1404 and initially posthumously honored as Hereditary Prince Zhuanghui (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">莊惠世子</span></span>) in 1437, later being honored as Prince Hui of Ning (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">寧惠王</span></span>) in 1449.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">He was originally made Prince Kangxi of Linchuan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">臨川康僖王</span></span>), but was later demoted to commoner rank in 1461.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">He was made Prince Anjian of Yichun in August 1428. His mother was Lady Wang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">王氏</span></span>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">He was made Prince Anxi of Xinchang in October 1430, but his title was later abolished due to his not having a son. However, he had a daughter, Princess Nankang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">南康縣主</span></span>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">He was made Prince Daohui of Xinfeng in October 1432, but his title was later abolished due to his not having a son. His mother was Lady You (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">尤氏</span></span>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">She was made Princess Yongxin in July 1427.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">She was made Princess Yushan in July 1427.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">She was made Princess Qingjiang in February 1427.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">She was made Princess Fengxin on 2 March 1427.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">She was made Princess Jinxi in February 1427.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">She was made Princess Taihe in February 1427.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">She was made Princess Pengze in February 1427.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">She was made Princess Luling in February 1427.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">She was made Princess Xinyu in February 1427.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">She was made Princess Xincheng in February 1427.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">She was made Princess Fuliang in July 1427.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">She was made Princess Nanfeng in February 1427.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">She was made Princess Yongfeng in June 1438.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Quan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161006082912/http://www.history.ubc.ca/sites/default/files/documents/readings/robinson_culture_courtiers_ch.8.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20161006082912/http://www.history.ubc.ca/sites/default/files/documents/readings/robinson_culture_courtiers_ch.8.pdf</a> p. 398</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dickwang-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dickwang_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dickwang_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dickwang_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wang, Richard G. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i6pIMVGPkuUC&pg=PR11">The Ming Prince and Daoism: Institutional Patronage of an Elite</a></i>. Oxford Univ. Press, 2012. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199767687" title="Special:BookSources/9780199767687">9780199767687</a>. Accessed 14 Oct 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bioming-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bioming_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bioming_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bioming_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bioming_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silkqin.com/02qnpu/07sqmp/07mngshi.htm#f1">Zhu Quan</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ming" title="History of Ming">History of Ming</a></i>, Folio 117, p.14a. Taiwan ed, p. 3591. Accessed 14 Oct 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A kind of Chinese <a href="/wiki/Black_magic" title="Black magic">black magic</a> where poisonous insects were kept together in a small container until only the deadliest was left. The last surviving insect was then burned and used in the preparation of a potion.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q985448#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q985448#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q985448#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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