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id="toc-Inventions_and_innovations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inventions_and_innovations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Inventions and innovations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inventions_and_innovations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Government </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City_Council_Leader_and_Cabinet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_Council_Leader_and_Cabinet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 City Council Leader and Cabinet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_Council_Leader_and_Cabinet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liverpool_City_Council_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liverpool_City_Council_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Liverpool City Council elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liverpool_City_Council_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_Council_criticism_and_improvement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_Council_criticism_and_improvement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 City Council criticism and improvement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_Council_criticism_and_improvement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lord_Mayor_of_Liverpool" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lord_Mayor_of_Liverpool"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Lord Mayor of Liverpool </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lord_Mayor_of_Liverpool-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mayor_of_the_Liverpool_City_Region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayor_of_the_Liverpool_City_Region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Mayor of the Liverpool City Region </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayor_of_the_Liverpool_City_Region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliamentary_constituencies_and_MPs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliamentary_constituencies_and_MPs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Parliamentary constituencies and MPs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliamentary_constituencies_and_MPs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Environment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Human </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Suburbs_and_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suburbs_and_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.1 Suburbs and districts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suburbs_and_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Green_Liverpool" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Green_Liverpool"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.2 Green Liverpool </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Green_Liverpool-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Green_belt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Green_belt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.3 Green belt </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Green_belt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demonyms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demonyms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Demonyms </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demonyms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demonyms subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demonyms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scouser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scouser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Scouser </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scouser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_demonyms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_demonyms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Other demonyms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_demonyms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Demography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Population </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.1 The city </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_and_metropolitan_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_and_metropolitan_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.2 Urban and metropolitan area </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_and_metropolitan_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ITL_1_region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ITL_1_region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.2.1 ITL 1 region </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ITL_1_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ITL_2_region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ITL_2_region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.2.2 ITL 2 region </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ITL_2_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ITL_3_region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ITL_3_region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.2.3 ITL 3 region </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ITL_3_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_definitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_definitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.2.4 Other definitions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_definitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Ethnicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City_and_region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_and_region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 City and region </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_and_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_region_economy_and_devolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_region_economy_and_devolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 City region economy and devolution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_region_economy_and_devolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Landmarks </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Landmarks subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Waterfront_and_docks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waterfront_and_docks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Waterfront and docks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waterfront_and_docks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_district_and_cultural_quarter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_district_and_cultural_quarter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Commercial district and cultural quarter </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_district_and_cultural_quarter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_notable_landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_notable_landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Other notable landmarks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_notable_landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_gardens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_gardens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Parks and gardens </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_gardens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Transport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_and_international_travel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_and_international_travel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 National and international travel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_and_international_travel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.1 Roads </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.2 Railway </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Port" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Port"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.3 Port </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Port-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.4 Airport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_travel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_travel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Local travel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_travel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.1 Trains </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.2 Buses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mersey_Ferry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mersey_Ferry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.3 Mersey Ferry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mersey_Ferry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycling_and_scooters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycling_and_scooters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Cycling and scooters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cycling_and_scooters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Visual arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4 Performing arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nightlife" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nightlife"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.5 Nightlife </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nightlife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Sport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Sport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Football </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boxing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boxing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Boxing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boxing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Horse_racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horse_racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 Horse racing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Horse_racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Golf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Golf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.4 Golf </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Golf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greyhound_racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greyhound_racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.5 Greyhound racing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greyhound_racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Athletics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Athletics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.6 Athletics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Athletics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gymnastics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gymnastics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.7 Gymnastics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gymnastics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swimming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swimming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.8 Swimming </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swimming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cricket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cricket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.9 Cricket </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cricket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tennis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tennis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.10 Tennis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tennis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basketball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basketball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.11 Basketball </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basketball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baseball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baseball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.12 Baseball </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baseball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.13 Cycling </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cycling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.14 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quotes_about_Liverpool" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quotes_about_Liverpool"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Quotes about Liverpool </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quotes_about_Liverpool-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 International links </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle International links subsection </button> <ul id="toc-International_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.1 Twin cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Friendship_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Friendship_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.2 Friendship links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Friendship_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consulates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consulates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.3 Consulates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consulates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freedom_of_the_City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freedom_of_the_City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Freedom of the City </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Freedom_of_the_City-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Freedom of the City subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Freedom_of_the_City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Individuals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individuals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17.1 Individuals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individuals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17.2 Military units </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisations_and_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisations_and_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17.3 Organisations and groups </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisations_and_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 20 Notes </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notes subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 20.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 21 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Liverpool</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 147 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-147" aria-hidden="true" > 147 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%8A%E1%89%A8%E1%88%AD%E1%8D%91%E1%88%8D%E1%8D%A3_%E1%8A%A5%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8A%E1%8B%9D" title="ሊቨርፑል፣ እንግሊዝ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሊቨርፑል፣ እንግሊዝ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liferp%C5%8Dl" title="Liferpōl – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Liferpōl" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="ليفربول – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليفربول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%9D%DC%92%DC%AA%DC%A6%DC%98%DC%A0" title="ܠܝܒܪܦܘܠ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܝܒܪܦܘܠ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpul" title="Liverpul – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Liverpul" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84" title="لیورپول – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لیورپول" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2" title="লিভারপুল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিভারপুল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Ліверпул – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ліверпул" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Лівэрпул – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лівэрпул" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Ливърпул – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ливърпул" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ливерпуль – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ливерпуль" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_(kapital_sa_kondado)" title="Liverpool (kapital sa kondado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Liverpool (kapital sa kondado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lerpwl" title="Lerpwl – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lerpwl" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB" title="Λίβερπουλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λίβερπουλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84" title="لیورپول – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیورپول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_(Ingel%C3%A2n)" title="Liverpool (Ingelân) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Liverpool (Ingelân)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learpholl" title="Learpholl – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Learpholl" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lerphoyll" title="Lerphoyll – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Lerphoyll" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poll_a%27_Ghr%C3%B9thain" title="Poll a' Ghrùthain – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Poll a' Ghrùthain" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EB%B2%84%ED%92%80" title="리버풀 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리버풀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC" title="Լիվերպուլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լիվերպուլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2" title="लिवरपूल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लिवरपूल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Liverpool" title="Kota Liverpool – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kota Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ливерпуль – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ливерпуль" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C" title="ליברפול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ליברפול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutha_Liverpool" title="Kutha Liverpool – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kutha Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಲಿವರ್‌ಪೂಲ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲಿವರ್‌ಪೂಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ლივერპული – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლივერპული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ливерпуль – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ливерпуль" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Ливерпул шаары – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ливерпул шаары" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpolium" title="Liverpolium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Liverpolium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverp%C5%ABle" title="Liverpūle – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Liverpūle" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ливерпуль – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Ливерпуль" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpulis" title="Liverpulis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Liverpulis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lerpwl" title="Lerpwl – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Lerpwl" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="लिभरपुल – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="लिभरपुल" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Ливерпул – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ливерпул" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BE" title="ലിവർപൂൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലിവർപൂൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2" title="लिव्हरपूल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लिव्हरपूल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ლივერპული – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლივერპული" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%A4%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84" title="ليڤرپول – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليڤرپول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84" title="لیورپول – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لیورپول" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9A%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9C" title="ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯄꯨꯜ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯄꯨꯜ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BB" title="Ливерпүүл – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ливерпүүл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%97%E1%80%AC%E1%80%95%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="လီဗာပူးမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လီဗာပူးမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="लिभरपुल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लिभरपुल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%97%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="リヴァプール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リヴァプール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ливерпуль – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ливерпуль" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpul" title="Liverpul – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Liverpul" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B2" title="ਲਿਵਰਪੂਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਿਵਰਪੂਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84" title="لیور پول – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لیور پول" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84" title="لیورپول – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لیورپول" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ливерпуль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ливерпуль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpuil" title="Liverpuil – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Liverpuil" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A4%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84" title="لیڤەرپوول – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لیڤەرپوول" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Ливерпул – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ливерпул" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="லிவர்பூல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லிவர்பூல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpul" title="Liverpul – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Liverpul" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="లివర్‌పూల్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లివర్‌పూల్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5" title="ลิเวอร์พูล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลิเวอร์พูล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%80)" title="Ливерпул (шаҳр) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ливерпул (шаҳр)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ліверпуль – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ліверпуль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84" title="لیورپول – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لیورپول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liw%C3%A9rpol" title="Liwérpol – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Liwérpol" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpul%27" title="Liverpul' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Liverpul'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%89%A9%E6%B5%A6" title="利物浦 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="利物浦" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%89%A9%E6%B5%A6" title="利物浦 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="利物浦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C" title="ליווערפול – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ליווערפול" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%89%A9%E6%B5%A6" title="利物浦 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="利物浦" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Liverpool" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%89%A9%E6%B5%A6" title="利物浦 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="利物浦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liwerpul" title="Liwerpul – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Liwerpul" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpul" title="Liverpul – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Liverpul" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q24826#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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.geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Liverpool&params=53_24_26_N_2_59_30_W_region:GB_type:adm2nd">53°24′26″N 2°59′30″W / 53.40722°N 2.99167°W / 53.40722; -2.99167</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Merseyside, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in England. For the namesake football club, see <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_F.C." title="Liverpool F.C.">Liverpool F.C.</a> For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Liverpool (disambiguation)">Liverpool (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City and metropolitan borough in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Liverpool</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">metropolitan borough</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="height:90px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_Skyline_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Liverpool_Skyline_2023.jpg/278px-Liverpool_Skyline_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Liverpool_Skyline_2023.jpg/417px-Liverpool_Skyline_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Liverpool_Skyline_2023.jpg/556px-Liverpool_Skyline_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1819" data-file-height="594" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_city_centre#Waterfront" title="Liverpool city centre">Liverpool waterfront</a> seen from the <a href="/wiki/River_Mersey" title="River Mersey">River Mersey</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:149px;max-width:149px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Albert_Dock_from_Mermaid_Court.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Red-brick buildings with orangey-pink support arches for covered walkways around a square dock." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Royal_Albert_Dock_from_Mermaid_Court.jpg/147px-Royal_Albert_Dock_from_Mermaid_Court.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Royal_Albert_Dock_from_Mermaid_Court.jpg/221px-Royal_Albert_Dock_from_Mermaid_Court.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Royal_Albert_Dock_from_Mermaid_Court.jpg/294px-Royal_Albert_Dock_from_Mermaid_Court.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4809" data-file-height="3093" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Dock,_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Dock, Liverpool">Royal Albert Dock</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool%E2%80%99s_Three_Graces.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Three large white buildings with varying styles." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Liverpool%E2%80%99s_Three_Graces.jpg/127px-Liverpool%E2%80%99s_Three_Graces.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Liverpool%E2%80%99s_Three_Graces.jpg/191px-Liverpool%E2%80%99s_Three_Graces.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Liverpool%E2%80%99s_Three_Graces.jpg/254px-Liverpool%E2%80%99s_Three_Graces.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3067" data-file-height="2300" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Three_Graces_of_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Graces of Liverpool">Three Graces</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div style="height:96px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Georges_Hall_Liverpool_3_(6727529617).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="St George's Hall, long neo-classical building with multiple portico sets." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/St_Georges_Hall_Liverpool_3_%286727529617%29.jpg/145px-St_Georges_Hall_Liverpool_3_%286727529617%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/St_Georges_Hall_Liverpool_3_%286727529617%29.jpg/218px-St_Georges_Hall_Liverpool_3_%286727529617%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/St_Georges_Hall_Liverpool_3_%286727529617%29.jpg/290px-St_Georges_Hall_Liverpool_3_%286727529617%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Hall,_Liverpool" title="St George's Hall, Liverpool">St George's Hall</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div style="height:96px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_Town_Hall_-_2013-03-25_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The town hall, at the head of Castle Street, is a sandstone-brick building with a neo-classical central portico entrance under a cylindrical and dome-topped clock tower." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Liverpool_Town_Hall_-_2013-03-25_%282%29.JPG/129px-Liverpool_Town_Hall_-_2013-03-25_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="129" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Liverpool_Town_Hall_-_2013-03-25_%282%29.JPG/194px-Liverpool_Town_Hall_-_2013-03-25_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Liverpool_Town_Hall_-_2013-03-25_%282%29.JPG/258px-Liverpool_Town_Hall_-_2013-03-25_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Town_Hall" title="Liverpool Town Hall">Liverpool Town Hall</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:113px;max-width:113px"><div style="height:122px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral_Exterior,_Liverpool,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Roman Catholic Cathedral a round tent-like building. It is made of concrete in a cylindrical shape, narrowing in the middle third with diagonal poles running up the build and changing angle (in stages) to a vertical angle at the top. The upper third has multiple rectangular stained-glass window strips. vertical square central slap acts as an entrance with a cross etched onto it." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral_Exterior%2C_Liverpool%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/111px-Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral_Exterior%2C_Liverpool%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral_Exterior%2C_Liverpool%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/167px-Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral_Exterior%2C_Liverpool%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral_Exterior%2C_Liverpool%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/222px-Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral_Exterior%2C_Liverpool%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5103" data-file-height="5669" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral" title="Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral">Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:165px;max-width:165px"><div style="height:122px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:LIVERPOOL_ANGLICAN_CATHEDRAL_SEP2012_(7916053494).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Church of England Cathedral, a large red-brick up-sized down capital letter 'T' shaped building." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/LIVERPOOL_ANGLICAN_CATHEDRAL_SEP2012_%287916053494%29.jpg/163px-LIVERPOOL_ANGLICAN_CATHEDRAL_SEP2012_%287916053494%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/LIVERPOOL_ANGLICAN_CATHEDRAL_SEP2012_%287916053494%29.jpg/245px-LIVERPOOL_ANGLICAN_CATHEDRAL_SEP2012_%287916053494%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/LIVERPOOL_ANGLICAN_CATHEDRAL_SEP2012_%287916053494%29.jpg/326px-LIVERPOOL_ANGLICAN_CATHEDRAL_SEP2012_%287916053494%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4122" data-file-height="3102" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Cathedral" title="Liverpool Cathedral">Liverpool Cathedral</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Liverpool_City_Council.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Liverpool"><img alt="Coat of arms of Liverpool" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Coat_of_arms_of_Liverpool_City_Council.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Liverpool_City_Council.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Coat_of_arms_of_Liverpool_City_Council.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Liverpool_City_Council.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Coat_of_arms_of_Liverpool_City_Council.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Liverpool_City_Council.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1084" data-file-height="1038" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Council#Coat_of_arms" title="Liverpool City Council">Coat of arms</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Liver_bird.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Liverpool"><img alt="Official logo of Liverpool" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Liver_bird.svg/95px-Liver_bird.svg.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Liver_bird.svg/142px-Liver_bird.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Liver_bird.svg/190px-Liver_bird.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="899" data-file-height="947" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Liver_bird" title="Liver bird">Liver bird</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: Deus Nobis Haec Otia Fecit, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> 'God has granted us this ease'</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_UK_locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Liverpool shown within Merseyside"><img alt="Liverpool shown within Merseyside" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Liverpool_UK_locator_map.svg/250px-Liverpool_UK_locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Liverpool_UK_locator_map.svg/375px-Liverpool_UK_locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Liverpool_UK_locator_map.svg/500px-Liverpool_UK_locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1231" data-file-height="1305" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Liverpool shown within <a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Liverpool&params=53_24_26_N_2_59_30_W_region:GB_type:adm2nd">53°24′26″N 2°59′30″W / 53.40722°N 2.99167°W / 53.40722; -2.99167</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/City_region_(United_Kingdom)" title="City region (United Kingdom)">City region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Region" title="Liverpool City Region">Liverpool</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1207</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City status</th><td class="infobox-data">1880</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">Metropolitan borough</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">1 April 1974</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Administrative HQ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cunard_Building" title="Cunard Building">Cunard Building</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Districts of the city</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Aigburth" title="Aigburth">Aigburth</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Allerton,_Liverpool" title="Allerton, Liverpool">Allerton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Anfield_(suburb)" title="Anfield (suburb)">Anfield</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Belle_Vale,_Liverpool" title="Belle Vale, Liverpool">Belle Vale</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Broadgreen" title="Broadgreen">Broadgreen</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Canning,_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="Canning, Liverpool">Canning</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Childwall" title="Childwall">Childwall</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Liverpool" title="Chinatown, Liverpool">Chinatown</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_city_centre" title="Liverpool city centre">City Centre</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Clubmoor" title="Clubmoor">Clubmoor</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Croxteth" title="Croxteth">Croxteth</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Dingle,_Liverpool" title="Dingle, Liverpool">Dingle</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Dovecot,_Liverpool" title="Dovecot, Liverpool">Dovecot</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Edge_Hill,_Liverpool" title="Edge Hill, Liverpool">Edge Hill</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Everton,_Liverpool" title="Everton, Liverpool">Everton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_Liverpool" title="Fairfield, Liverpool">Fairfield</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fazakerley" title="Fazakerley">Fazakerley</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Garston,_Liverpool" title="Garston, Liverpool">Garston</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Gateacre" title="Gateacre">Gateacre</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Gillmoss" title="Gillmoss">Gillmoss</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Grassendale" title="Grassendale">Grassendale</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Hunt%27s_Cross" title="Hunt's Cross">Hunt's Cross</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Kensington,_Liverpool" title="Kensington, Liverpool">Kensington</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Kirkdale,_Liverpool" title="Kirkdale, Liverpool">Kirkdale</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Knotty_Ash" title="Knotty Ash">Knotty Ash</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mossley_Hill" title="Mossley Hill">Mossley Hill</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Netherley,_Liverpool" title="Netherley, Liverpool">Netherley</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Norris_Green" title="Norris Green">Norris Green</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Oglet" title="Oglet">Oglet</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Old_Swan" title="Old Swan">Old Swan</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Orrell_Park" title="Orrell Park">Orrell Park</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sefton_Park_(district)" title="Sefton Park (district)">Sefton Park</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Hamlet" title="St Michael's Hamlet">St Michael's Hamlet</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Speke" title="Speke">Speke</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Stoneycroft" title="Stoneycroft">Stoneycroft</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Toxteth" title="Toxteth">Toxteth</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Tuebrook" title="Tuebrook">Tuebrook</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall,_Liverpool" title="Vauxhall, Liverpool">Vauxhall</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Walton,_Liverpool" title="Walton, Liverpool">Walton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Wavertree" title="Wavertree">Wavertree</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/West_Derby" title="West Derby">West Derby</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Woolton" title="Woolton">Woolton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-Council_leadership-1">[1]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">Metropolitan borough</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Council" title="Liverpool City Council">Liverpool City Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Executive_arrangements" title="Executive arrangements">Executive</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Executive_arrangements#Leader_and_cabinet" title="Executive arrangements">Leader and cabinet</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Political_make-up_of_local_councils_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom">Control</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Executive_arrangements#Leader_and_cabinet" title="Executive arrangements">Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liam_Robinson_(politician)" title="Liam Robinson (politician)">Liam Robinson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Co-operative_Party" title="Labour and Co-operative Party">L</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_Liverpool" title="Lord Mayor of Liverpool">Lord Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kemp_(politician)" title="Richard Kemp (politician)">Richard Kemp</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">MPs</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>5 MPs</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Paula_Barker" title="Paula Barker">Paula Barker</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Ian_Byrne" title="Ian Byrne">Ian Byrne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Dan_Carden" title="Dan Carden">Dan Carden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Eagle" title="Maria Eagle">Maria Eagle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Johnson_(politician)" title="Kim Johnson (politician)">Kim Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>) </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">52 sq mi (134 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">43 sq mi (112 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts_by_area" title="List of English districts by area">185th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2022)<a href="#cite_note-popstats-3">[3]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">496,770</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts_by_population" title="List of English districts by population">12th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">11,500/sq mi (4,442/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonyms</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Liverpudlian</li><li>Scouser (<a href="/wiki/Colloquialism" title="Colloquialism">colloq.</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Ethnicity (<a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021</a>)<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Nomis-4">[4]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">Ethnic groups</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 84.0% <a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="White people in the United Kingdom">White</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 5.7% <a href="/wiki/British_Asians" title="British Asians">Asian</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 3.5% <a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 3.5% <a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 3.3% <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">other</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Religion (2021)<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Nomis-4">[4]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">Religion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 57.3% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England#Christianity" title="Religion in England">Christianity</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 29.4% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Irreligion in the United Kingdom">no religion</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 5.3% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_England" title="Islam in England">Islam</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 0.8% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_England" title="Hinduism in England">Hinduism</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 0.4% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_England" title="Buddhism in England">Buddhism</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 0.4% <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_England" title="History of the Jews in England">Judaism</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_England" title="Sikhism in England">Sikhism</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 0.4% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">other</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 5.9% not stated </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B0" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+0">UTC+0</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">GMT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Summer_Time" title="British Summer Time">BST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode area</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a href="/wiki/L_postcode_area" title="L postcode area">L</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0151</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:GB" title="ISO 3166-2:GB">GB-LIV</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/GSS_coding_system" title="GSS coding system">GSS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">E08000012</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://liverpool.gov.uk">liverpool.gov.uk</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Liverpool is a <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedral</a> and <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">port</a> <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">metropolitan borough</a> in <a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a>, England. It is situated on the eastern side of the <a href="/wiki/River_Mersey" title="River Mersey">Mersey Estuary</a>, near the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a>, 178 miles (286 km) northwest of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. With a population of 496,770 (in 2022),<a href="#cite_note-popstats-3">[3]</a> Liverpool is the fifth largest city in the United Kingdom and the administrative headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Region" title="Liverpool City Region">Liverpool City Region</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Combined_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined authority">combined authority</a> area with a population of over 1.5 million.<a href="#cite_note-ONS_GVA_and_GDP-5">[5]</a> Established as a borough in <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> in 1207, Liverpool became significant in the late 17th century when the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Liverpool" title="Port of Liverpool">Port of Liverpool</a> was heavily involved in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a>. The port also imported cotton for the <a href="/wiki/Textile_manufacture_during_the_British_Industrial_Revolution" title="Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution">Lancashire textile mills</a>, and became a major departure point for English and Irish emigrants to North America. Liverpool rose to global economic importance at the forefront of the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> in the 19th century and was home to the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway" title="Liverpool and Manchester Railway">first intercity railway</a>, the first non-combustible warehouse system (the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Dock,_Liverpool" title="Royal Albert Dock, Liverpool">Royal Albert Dock</a>), and a pioneering <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Overhead_Railway" title="Liverpool Overhead Railway">elevated electrical railway</a>; it was granted city status in 1880 and was moved from Lancashire to the newly created county of Merseyside in <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">1974</a>. It entered a period of decline in the mid-20th century, but has experienced regeneration since the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> selected it as the <a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capital of Culture</a> in 2008,<a href="#cite_note-6">[a]</a> which was reported to have generated over £800 million for the local economy within a year.<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Liverpool" title="Economy of Liverpool">economy of Liverpool</a> is diversified and encompasses tourism, <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Liverpool" title="Culture of Liverpool">culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maritime_transport" title="Maritime transport">maritime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hospitality_industry" title="Hospitality industry">hospitality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_industry" title="Healthcare industry">healthcare</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_life_sciences" title="List of life sciences">life sciences</a>, advanced manufacturing, <a href="/wiki/Creative_industries" title="Creative industries">creative</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Digital_economy" title="Digital economy">digital</a> sectors.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> The city is home to the UK's second highest number of <a href="/wiki/Art_galleries" class="mw-redirect" title="Art galleries">art galleries</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Museums_Liverpool" title="National Museums Liverpool">national museums</a>, <a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Liverpool" title="Listed buildings in Liverpool">listed buildings</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_Liverpool" title="Parks and open spaces in Liverpool">parks and open spaces</a>, with only London having more.<a href="#cite_note-visitliverpool-12">[11]</a> It is often used as a filming location due to its <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Liverpool" title="Architecture of Liverpool">architecture</a>, and was the fifth most visited UK city by foreign tourists in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> It has produced numerous <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Liverpool" title="Music of Liverpool">musicians</a>, most notably <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>, and artists from the city have had more UK No. 1 hit singles than anywhere else.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> It has also produced <a href="/wiki/Category:Academics_from_Liverpool" title="Category:Academics from Liverpool">academics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Actors_from_Liverpool" title="Category:Actors from Liverpool">actors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Artists_from_Liverpool" title="Category:Artists from Liverpool">artists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Comedians_from_Liverpool" title="Category:Comedians from Liverpool">comedians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Film_people_from_Liverpool" title="Category:Film people from Liverpool">filmmakers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Poets_from_Liverpool" title="Category:Poets from Liverpool">poets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Scientists_from_Liverpool" title="Category:Scientists from Liverpool">scientists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_from_Liverpool" title="Category:Sportspeople from Liverpool">sportspeople</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Category:Writers_from_Liverpool" title="Category:Writers from Liverpool">writers</a>. It is the home of <a href="/wiki/Premier_League" title="Premier League">Premier League</a> football teams <a href="/wiki/Everton_F.C." title="Everton F.C.">Everton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_F.C." title="Liverpool F.C.">Liverpool</a>. The world's oldest still-operating mainline train station, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Lime_Street_railway_station" title="Liverpool Lime Street railway station">Liverpool Lime Street</a>, is in the city centre; it is also served by the underground <a href="/wiki/Merseyrail" title="Merseyrail">Merseyrail</a> network. The city's port was the fourth largest in the UK in 2023, with numerous shipping and freight lines having headquarters and offices there.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> Residents of Liverpool are often called "Scousers" in reference to <a href="/wiki/Scouse_(food)" title="Scouse (food)">scouse</a>, a local stew made popular by sailors in the city, while "Scouse" is also the most common name given to the <a href="/wiki/Scouse" title="Scouse">local accent</a>. The city's cultural and ethnic diversity is a result of attracting immigrants, especially from Ireland, Scandinavia, and Wales; it is also the home of a large <a href="/wiki/Black_people_in_Liverpool" title="Black people in Liverpool">black</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Liverpool" title="Chinatown, Liverpool">Chinese community</a>, and the first <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a> in England.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h2></div> The name comes from the <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> lifer, meaning thick or muddy water, and pōl, meaning a pool or creek, and is first recorded around 1190 as Liuerpul.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-DH-18">[17]</a> According to the Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names, "The original reference was to a pool or tidal creek now filled up into which two streams drained".<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> The place appearing as Leyrpole, in a legal record of 1418, may also refer to Liverpool.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> Other origins of the name have been suggested, including "elverpool", a reference to the large number of eels in the <a href="/wiki/River_Mersey" title="River Mersey">Mersey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-scouse-21">[20]</a> The adjective "Liverpudlian" was first recorded in 1833.<a href="#cite_note-DH-18">[17]</a> Although the Old English origin of the name Liverpool is beyond dispute, claims are sometimes made that the name Liverpool is of Welsh origin, but these are without foundation. The Welsh name for Liverpool is Lerpwl, from a former English local form Leerpool. This is a reduction of the form "Leverpool" with the loss of the intervocalic [v] (seen in other English names and words e.g. Daventry (Northamptonshire) > Danetry, never-do-well > ne’er-do-well). In the 19th century, some Welsh publications used the name "Lle'r Pwll" ("(the) place (of) the pool"), a reinterpretation of Lerpwl, probably in the belief that "Lle'r Pwll" was the original form. Another name, which is widely known even today, is <a href="/wiki/Welsh_exonyms" title="Welsh exonyms">Llynlleifiad</a>, again a 19th-century coining. "Llyn" is pool, but "lleifiad" has no obvious meaning. G. Melville Richards (1910–1973), a pioneer of scientific toponymy in Wales, in "Place Names of North Wales",<a href="#cite_note-Place-Names_of_North_Wales-22">[21]</a> does not attempt to explain it beyond noting that "lleifiad" is used as a Welsh equivalent of "Liver". A derivative form of a learned borrowing into Welsh (*llaf) of Latin lāma (slough, bog, fen) to give "lleifiad" is possible, but unproven. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Liverpool" title="History of Liverpool">History of Liverpool</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Liverpool" title="Timeline of Liverpool">Timeline of Liverpool</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_in_1680.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Liverpool_in_1680.jpg/220px-Liverpool_in_1680.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Liverpool_in_1680.jpg/330px-Liverpool_in_1680.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Liverpool_in_1680.jpg/440px-Liverpool_in_1680.jpg 2x" data-file-width="944" data-file-height="740" /></a><figcaption>The earliest known image of Liverpool, in 1680</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Original_7_streets_of_Liverpool.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Original_7_streets_of_Liverpool.jpg/220px-Original_7_streets_of_Liverpool.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Original_7_streets_of_Liverpool.jpg/330px-Original_7_streets_of_Liverpool.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Original_7_streets_of_Liverpool.jpg/440px-Original_7_streets_of_Liverpool.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>A map of Liverpool's original seven streets (north to the left)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bluecoat_Chambers,_Liverpool_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bluecoat_Chambers%2C_Liverpool_%282%29.jpg/220px-Bluecoat_Chambers%2C_Liverpool_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bluecoat_Chambers%2C_Liverpool_%282%29.jpg/330px-Bluecoat_Chambers%2C_Liverpool_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bluecoat_Chambers%2C_Liverpool_%282%29.jpg/440px-Bluecoat_Chambers%2C_Liverpool_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4624" data-file-height="3468" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bluecoat_Chambers" title="Bluecoat Chambers">Bluecoat Chambers</a>, completed in 1725, the oldest surviving building in <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_city_centre" title="Liverpool city centre">Liverpool city centre</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3></div> In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, Liverpool existed firstly as farmland within the <a href="/wiki/West_Derby_Hundred" title="West Derby Hundred">West Derby Hundred</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> before growing in to a small town of farmers, fishermen and tradesmen and tactical army base for <a href="/wiki/John_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="John of England">King John of England</a>. The town was planned with its own <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Castle" title="Liverpool Castle">castle</a>, although due to outbreaks of disease and its subordinance to the nearby <a href="/wiki/Deva_Victrix" title="Deva Victrix">Roman port of Chester</a>, the town's growth and prosperity stagnated until the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Substantial growth took place in the mid-late 18th century when the town became the most heavily involved European port in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="John of England">King John</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Letters_patent" title="Letters patent">letters patent</a> of 1207 announced the foundation of the borough of Liverpool (then spelt as Liuerpul). There is no evidence that the place had previously been a centre of any trade. The creation of the borough was probably due to King John deciding it would be a convenient place to embark men and supplies for his <a href="/wiki/John%27s_first_expedition_to_Ireland" title="John's first expedition to Ireland">Irish campaigns</a>, in particular John's <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland" title="Lordship of Ireland">Irish campaign of 1209</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-BHOLderhun-26">[25]</a> The original street plan of Liverpool is said to have been designed by King John near the same time it was granted a <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a>, making it a borough. The original seven streets were laid out in the shape of a double cross: Bank Street (now <a href="/wiki/Water_Street,_Liverpool" title="Water Street, Liverpool">Water Street</a>), <a href="/wiki/Castle_Street,_Liverpool" title="Castle Street, Liverpool">Castle Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chapel_Street,_Liverpool" title="Chapel Street, Liverpool">Chapel Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dale_Street" title="Dale Street">Dale Street</a>, Juggler Street (now <a href="/wiki/High_Street,_Liverpool" title="High Street, Liverpool">High Street</a>), Moor Street (now <a href="/wiki/Tithebarn_Street" title="Tithebarn Street">Tithebarn Street</a>) and Whiteacre Street (now <a href="/wiki/Old_Hall_Street" title="Old Hall Street">Old Hall Street</a>).<a href="#cite_note-BHOLderhun-26">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Castle" title="Liverpool Castle">Liverpool Castle</a> was built before 1235, it survived until it was demolished in the 1720s.<a href="#cite_note-BHOLcastle-27">[26]</a> By the middle of the 16th century, the population was still around 600, although this was likely to have fallen from an earlier peak of 1000 people due to slow trade and the effects of the <a href="/wiki/1557_influenza_pandemic" title="1557 influenza pandemic">plague</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> In the 17th century, there was slow progress in trade and population growth. Battles for control of the town were waged during the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>, including a brief siege in 1644.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> In 1699, the same year as its first recorded <a href="/wiki/Slave_ship" title="Slave ship">slave ship</a>, Liverpool Merchant, set sail for Africa,<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> Liverpool was made a parish by <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Parliament">Act of Parliament</a>. But arguably, the legislation of 1695 that reformed the Liverpool council was of more significance to its subsequent development.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> Since <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman times</a> nearby <a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a> on the <a href="/wiki/River_Dee,_Wales" title="River Dee, Wales">River Dee</a> had been the region's principal port on the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a>. However, as the Dee began to <a href="/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silt up</a>, maritime trade from Chester became increasingly difficult and shifted towards Liverpool on the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/River_Mersey" title="River Mersey">River Mersey</a>. The first of the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Liverpool" title="Port of Liverpool">Liverpool docks</a> was constructed in 1715, and the system of docks gradually grew into a large interconnected system.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> As trade from the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>, including sugar, surpassed that of Ireland and Europe, and as the <a href="/wiki/River_Dee,_Wales" title="River Dee, Wales">River Dee</a> continued to silt up, Liverpool began to grow with increasing rapidity. The first commercial <a href="/wiki/Wet_dock" class="mw-redirect" title="Wet dock">wet dock</a> was built in Liverpool in 1715.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> Substantial profits from the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">slave trade</a> and tobacco helped the town to prosper and rapidly grow, although several prominent local men, including <a href="/wiki/William_Rathbone_IV" title="William Rathbone IV">William Rathbone</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Roscoe" title="William Roscoe">William Roscoe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Rushton" title="Edward Rushton">Edward Rushton</a>, were at the forefront of the <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Abolitionism in the United Kingdom">local abolitionist movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opening_Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Opening_Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway.jpg/220px-Opening_Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Opening_Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway.jpg/330px-Opening_Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Opening_Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway.jpg/440px-Opening_Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Inaugural journey of the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway" title="Liverpool and Manchester Railway">Liverpool and Manchester Railway</a> in 1830, the first-ever commercial railway line in the world</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool1890s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Liverpool1890s.jpg/220px-Liverpool1890s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Liverpool1890s.jpg/330px-Liverpool1890s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Liverpool1890s.jpg/440px-Liverpool1890s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3490" data-file-height="2558" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lime_Street,_Liverpool" title="Lime Street, Liverpool">Lime Street</a>, Liverpool, in the 1890s, <a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Hall,_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George's Hall, Liverpool">St.George's Hall</a> to the left, <a href="/wiki/Great_North_Western_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Great North Western Hotel">Great North Western Hotel</a> to the right, <a href="/wiki/Walker_Art_Gallery" title="Walker Art Gallery">Walker Art Gallery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sessions_House,_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="Sessions House, Liverpool">Sessions House</a> in the background. Statues of <a href="/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert, Prince Consort">Prince Albert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wellington%27s_Column" title="Wellington's Column">Wellington's Column</a> in the middle ground.</figcaption></figure> The 19th century saw Liverpool rise to global economic importance. Pioneering, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Liverpool" title="History of Liverpool">world first</a>, technology and civic facilities launched in the city to serve the accelerating population which was fuelled by an influx of ethnic and religious communities from all around the world. By the start of the 19th century, a large volume of trade was passing through Liverpool, and the construction of major buildings reflected this wealth. In 1830, Liverpool and <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> became the first cities to have an intercity rail link, through the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway" title="Liverpool and Manchester Railway">Liverpool and Manchester Railway</a>. The population continued to rise rapidly, especially during the 1840s when <a href="/wiki/Irish_diaspora" title="Irish diaspora">Irish</a> migrants began arriving by the hundreds of thousands as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Potato_Famine_(1845%E2%80%931849)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Potato Famine (1845–1849)">Great Famine</a>. While many Irish settled during this time in the city, a large percentage also emigrated to the United States or moved to the industrial centres of <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>, Yorkshire and the <a href="/wiki/Midlands" title="Midlands">Midlands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Letitia_Elizabeth_Landon_(L._E._L.)_in_Fisher%27s_Drawing_Room_Scrap_Book,_1833/Liverpool" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1833/Liverpool">'Liverpool', a poetical illustration by L. E. L.</a></div></div></div> </div> In her poetical illustration "Liverpool" (1832), which celebrates the city's worldwide commerce, <a href="/wiki/Letitia_Elizabeth_Landon" title="Letitia Elizabeth Landon">Letitia Elizabeth Landon</a> refers specifically to the <a href="/wiki/Macgregor_Laird" title="Macgregor Laird">Macgregor Laird</a> expedition to the Niger River, at that time in progress.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> This is to a painting by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Austin_(artist)" title="Samuel Austin (artist)">Samuel Austin</a>, Liverpool, from the Mersey.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> Britain was a major market for cotton imported from the <a href="/wiki/Deep_South" title="Deep South">Deep South</a> of the United States, which fed the <a href="/wiki/Textile_manufacture_during_the_British_Industrial_Revolution" title="Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution">textile industry</a> in the country. Given the crucial place cotton held in the city's economy, during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> Liverpool was, in the words of historian <a href="/wiki/Sven_Beckert" title="Sven Beckert">Sven Beckert</a>, "the most pro-Confederate place in the world outside the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a> itself".<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> Liverpool merchants helped to bring out cotton from ports blockaded by the <a href="/wiki/Union_Navy" title="Union Navy">Union Navy</a>, built ships of war for the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a>, and supplied the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> with military equipment and credit.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> During the war, the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Navy" title="Confederate States Navy">Confederate Navy</a> ship, the <a href="/wiki/CSS_Alabama" title="CSS Alabama">CSS Alabama</a>, was built at <a href="/wiki/Birkenhead" title="Birkenhead">Birkenhead</a> on the Mersey, and the <a href="/wiki/CSS_Shenandoah" title="CSS Shenandoah">CSS Shenandoah</a> surrendered there (being the final surrender at the end of the war). The city was also the center of Confederate purchasing war materiel, including arms and ammunition, uniforms, and naval supplies to be smuggled by <a href="/wiki/Blockade_runners_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Blockade runners of the American Civil War">British blockade runners to the South</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> For periods during the 19th century, the wealth of Liverpool exceeded that of London,<a href="#cite_note-Ten_facts_about_Liverpool-44">[43]</a> and Liverpool's <a href="/wiki/Custom_House,_Liverpool" title="Custom House, Liverpool">Custom House</a> was the single largest contributor to the <a href="/wiki/British_Exchequer" class="mw-redirect" title="British Exchequer">British Exchequer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> Liverpool was the only British city ever to have its own <a href="/wiki/Whitehall" title="Whitehall">Whitehall</a> office.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> During this century, at least 40% of the world's entire trade passed through Liverpool.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> In the early 19th century, Liverpool played a major role in the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic" title="Antarctic">Antarctic</a> <a href="/wiki/Seal_hunting" title="Seal hunting">sealing</a> industry, in recognition of which <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Beach" title="Liverpool Beach">Liverpool Beach</a> in the <a href="/wiki/South_Shetland_Islands" title="South Shetland Islands">South Shetland Islands</a> is named after the city.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> As early as 1851, the city was described as "the New York of Europe".<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> During the late 19th and early 20th century, Liverpool was attracting immigrants from across Europe. This resulted in the construction of a diverse array of religious buildings in the city for the new ethnic and religious groups, many of which are still in use today. The <a href="/wiki/German_Church,_Liverpool" title="German Church, Liverpool">Deutsche Kirche Liverpool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_St_Nicholas" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Church of St Nicholas">Greek Orthodox Church of St Nicholas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Adolf_Church,_Liverpool" title="Gustav Adolf Church, Liverpool">Gustav Adolf Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princes_Road_Synagogue" title="Princes Road Synagogue">Princes Road Synagogue</a> were all established in the 1800s to serve Liverpool's growing German, Greek, Nordic and Jewish communities, respectively. One of Liverpool's oldest surviving churches, <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Roman_Catholic_Church,_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church, Liverpool">St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church</a>, served the <a href="/wiki/Poles_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Poles in the United Kingdom">Polish community</a> in its final years as a place of worship. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool,_1946.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Liverpool%2C_1946.png/220px-Liverpool%2C_1946.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Liverpool%2C_1946.png/330px-Liverpool%2C_1946.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Liverpool%2C_1946.png/440px-Liverpool%2C_1946.png 2x" data-file-width="2044" data-file-height="1798" /></a><figcaption>Liverpool's Lime Street area pictured from above in 1946</figcaption></figure> The 20th century saw Liverpool's established rank as a global economic powerhouse challenged. Its strategic location as an international seaport made it particularly vulnerable in two <a href="/wiki/World_war" title="World war">World wars</a>. <a href="/wiki/Economic_depression" title="Economic depression">Economic depressions</a> (both in the United Kingdom and across the world), changing <a href="/wiki/Housing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Housing in the United Kingdom">housing patterns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Containerization" title="Containerization">containerisation</a> in the maritime industry contributed to a downtrend in the city's productivity and prosperity. Despite this, the city's influence on global popular culture excelled and by the end of the century, the continuing process of <a href="/wiki/Urban_renewal" title="Urban renewal">urban renewal</a> paved the way for the redefined modern city of the 21st century. The period after the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">Great War</a> was marked by social unrest, as society grappled with the massive war losses of young men, as well as trying to re-integrate veterans into civilian life and the economy. Unemployment and poor living standards greeted many ex-servicemen. <a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Trade unions in the United Kingdom">Union organising</a> and <a href="/wiki/1926_United_Kingdom_general_strike" title="1926 United Kingdom general strike">strikes</a> took place in numerous locations, including a <a href="/wiki/British_police_strikes_in_1918_and_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="British police strikes in 1918 and 1919">police strike in Liverpool</a> among the <a href="/wiki/Merseyside_Police" title="Merseyside Police">City Police</a>. Numerous <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">colonial soldiers</a> and sailors from Africa and India, who had served with the <a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">British Armed Forces</a>, settled in Liverpool and other port cities. In June 1919, they were subject to attack by whites in racial riots; residents in the port included <a href="/wiki/Swedes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Swedes in the United Kingdom">Swedish immigrants</a>, and both groups had to compete with native people from Liverpool for jobs and housing. In this period, race riots also took place in other port cities.<a href="#cite_note-Tabili-50">[49]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Housing_Act_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Housing Act 1919">Housing Act 1919</a> resulted in mass council housing being built across Liverpool during the 1920s and 1930s. In the 1920s and 1930s, as much as 15% of the city's population (around 140,000 people) was relocated from the inner-city to new purpose built, lower density suburban housing estates, based on the belief that this would improve their standard of living, though the overall benefits have been contested.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> Numerous private homes were also built during this era. During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> of the early 1930s, unemployment peaked at around 30% in the city. Liverpool was the site of Britain's first <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport" title="Liverpool John Lennon Airport">provincial airport</a>, operating from 1930. During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, the critical strategic importance of Liverpool was recognised by both <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a>. The city was heavily bombed by the Germans, suffering a <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Blitz" title="Liverpool Blitz">blitz</a> second only to London's.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> The pivotal <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a> was planned, fought and won from Liverpool.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> made 80 <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Blitz" title="Liverpool Blitz">air raids on Merseyside</a>, killing 2,500 people and causing damage to almost half the homes in the metropolitan area. Significant rebuilding followed the war, including massive housing estates and the <a href="/wiki/Seaforth_Dock" title="Seaforth Dock">Seaforth Dock</a>, the largest dock project in Britain. Since 1952, Liverpool has been twinned with <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, Germany, a city which also suffered severe aerial bombing during the war. In the 1950s and 1960s, much of the immediate reconstruction that took place in the city centre proved to be deeply unpopular. The historic portions of the city that had survived German bombing suffered extensive destruction during urban renewal. It has been argued that the so-called "Shankland Plan" of the 1960s, named after the town planner <a href="/wiki/Graeme_Shankland" title="Graeme Shankland">Graeme Shankland</a>, led to compromised town planning and vast road-building schemes that devastated and divided inner city neighbourhoods. Concrete <a href="/wiki/Brutalist_architecture" title="Brutalist architecture">brutalist architecture</a>, compromised visions, botched projects and grand designs that were never realised became the subject of condemnation. Historian <a href="/wiki/Raphael_Samuel" title="Raphael Samuel">Raphael Samuel</a> labelled Graeme Shankland "the butcher of Liverpool".<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> A significant <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indian</a> black community has existed in the city since the first two decades of the 20th century. Like most British cities and industrialised towns, Liverpool became home to a significant number of <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> immigrants, beginning after World War I with colonial soldiers and sailors who had served in the area. More immigrants arrived after World War II, mostly settling in older inner-city areas such as <a href="/wiki/Toxteth" title="Toxteth">Toxteth</a>, where housing was less expensive. The black population of Liverpool was recorded at 1.90% in 2011. In the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021 Census</a>, 5.2% described themselves as black African, Caribbean, mixed white and black African, mixed white and Caribbean or 'other black'.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Southern_side_view,_Mathew_Street,_intersection_with_Temple_Court,_Liverpool_(2019-05-25_14.35.34_by_HarshLight).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Southern_side_view%2C_Mathew_Street%2C_intersection_with_Temple_Court%2C_Liverpool_%282019-05-25_14.35.34_by_HarshLight%29.jpg/220px-Southern_side_view%2C_Mathew_Street%2C_intersection_with_Temple_Court%2C_Liverpool_%282019-05-25_14.35.34_by_HarshLight%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Southern_side_view%2C_Mathew_Street%2C_intersection_with_Temple_Court%2C_Liverpool_%282019-05-25_14.35.34_by_HarshLight%29.jpg/330px-Southern_side_view%2C_Mathew_Street%2C_intersection_with_Temple_Court%2C_Liverpool_%282019-05-25_14.35.34_by_HarshLight%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Southern_side_view%2C_Mathew_Street%2C_intersection_with_Temple_Court%2C_Liverpool_%282019-05-25_14.35.34_by_HarshLight%29.jpg/440px-Southern_side_view%2C_Mathew_Street%2C_intersection_with_Temple_Court%2C_Liverpool_%282019-05-25_14.35.34_by_HarshLight%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2623" data-file-height="3934" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mathew_Street" title="Mathew Street">Mathew Street</a> is one of many tourist attractions related to the Beatles, and the location of <a href="/wiki/The_Cavern_Club" title="The Cavern Club">The Cavern Club</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Wall_of_Fame" title="Liverpool Wall of Fame">Liverpool Wall of Fame</a></figcaption></figure> In the 1960s, Liverpool was the centre of the "<a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">Merseybeat</a>" sound, which became synonymous with <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a> and fellow Liverpudlian rock bands. Influenced by American rhythm and blues and rock music, they also in turn strongly affected American music. The <a href="/wiki/Beatles" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatles">Beatles</a> became internationally known in the early 1960s and performed <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Beatles%27_live_performances" title="List of the Beatles' live performances">around the world together</a>; they were, and continue to be, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in popular history. Their co-founder, singer, and composer <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> was killed in New York City in 1980. <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport" title="Liverpool John Lennon Airport">Liverpool Airport</a> was renamed after him in 2002, the first British airport to be named in honour of an individual.<a href="#cite_note-fola-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> Previously part of Lancashire, and a county borough from 1889, Liverpool became a <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">metropolitan borough</a> within the newly created metropolitan county of <a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a>, in 1974. From the mid-1970s onwards, Liverpool's docks and traditional <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Manufacturing industries">manufacturing industries</a> declined due to restructuring of shipping and heavy industry, causing massive losses of jobs. The advent of <a href="/wiki/Containerisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Containerisation">containerisation</a> meant that the city's docks became largely obsolete, and dock workers were made unemployed. By the early 1980s, unemployment rates in Liverpool were among the highest in the UK,<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> standing at 17% by January 1982 although, this was about half the level of unemployment that had affected the city during the Great Depression some 50 years previously.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> During this period, Liverpool became a hub of fierce left-wing opposition to the central government in London.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> Liverpool in the 1980s has been labelled as Britain's 'shock city'. Once the acclaimed second city of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> which rivalled the capital city in global significance, Liverpool had collapsed in to its 'nadir' at the depths of <a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">post-colonial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Post-industrial_society" title="Post-industrial society">post-industrial</a> Britain.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> In the late 20th century, Liverpool's economy began to recover. The late 1980s saw the opening of a regenerated <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Dock,_Liverpool" title="Royal Albert Dock, Liverpool">Albert Dock</a> which proved to be a catalyst for further regeneration.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> In the mid-1990s, the city enjoyed growth rates higher than the national average. At the end of the 20th century, Liverpool was concentrating on regeneration, a process that continues today. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_Cruise_Terminal_(2023).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Liverpool_Cruise_Terminal_%282023%29.jpg/220px-Liverpool_Cruise_Terminal_%282023%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Liverpool_Cruise_Terminal_%282023%29.jpg/330px-Liverpool_Cruise_Terminal_%282023%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Liverpool_Cruise_Terminal_%282023%29.jpg/440px-Liverpool_Cruise_Terminal_%282023%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4624" data-file-height="3468" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Cruise_Terminal" title="Liverpool Cruise Terminal">Liverpool Cruise Terminal</a> and surrounding office and residential developments, part of the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Waters" title="Liverpool Waters">Liverpool Waters</a> megaproject</figcaption></figure> Ongoing regeneration combined with the hosting of internationally significant events has helped to re-purpose Liverpool as one of the most visited, tourist orientated, cities in the United Kingdom. City leaders are focussing on long-term strategies to grow the city's population and economy, while national government explores the continuous potential for devolution in the city. In 2002, Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</a> visited Liverpool to mark the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Golden Jubilee</a>. On speaking to an audience at <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Town_Hall" title="Liverpool Town Hall">Liverpool Town Hall</a>, the Queen recognised Liverpool as "one of the most distinctive and energetic parts of the United Kingdom", and paid tribute to the city's "major orchestras, world-class museums and galleries". She also acknowledged Liverpool's bid to become the <a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capital of Culture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> To celebrate the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II</a> in 2002, the conservation charity <a href="/wiki/Plantlife" title="Plantlife">Plantlife</a> organised a competition to choose <a href="/wiki/County_flower" class="mw-redirect" title="County flower">county flowers</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Eryngium_maritimum" title="Eryngium maritimum">sea-holly</a> was Liverpool's final choice. The initiative was designed to highlight growing threats to the UK's flower species and also ask the public about which flowers best represented their county.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> Capitalising on the popularity of 1960s rock groups, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>, as well as the city's world-class art galleries, museums and landmarks, tourism and culture have become a significant factor in Liverpool's economy. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Modern_waterfront_developments_in_Liverpool.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Modern_waterfront_developments_in_Liverpool.jpg/220px-Modern_waterfront_developments_in_Liverpool.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Modern_waterfront_developments_in_Liverpool.jpg/330px-Modern_waterfront_developments_in_Liverpool.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Modern_waterfront_developments_in_Liverpool.jpg/440px-Modern_waterfront_developments_in_Liverpool.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1215" data-file-height="911" /></a><figcaption>Modern developments on the Liverpool Waterfront</figcaption></figure> In 2004, property developer <a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_Group" title="Grosvenor Group">Grosvenor</a> started the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_One" title="Liverpool One">Paradise Project</a>, a £920 million development based on <a href="/wiki/Paradise_Street,_Liverpool" title="Paradise Street, Liverpool">Paradise Street</a>. This produced one of the most significant changes to Liverpool's city centre since the post-war reconstruction. Renamed as '<a href="/wiki/Liverpool_One" title="Liverpool One">Liverpool One</a>,' the centre opened in May 2008. In 2007, events and celebrations took place in honour of the 800th anniversary of the founding of the borough of Liverpool. Liverpool was designated as a joint <a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capital of Culture</a> for 2008. The celebrations included the erection of <a href="/wiki/La_Princesse" title="La Princesse">La Princesse</a>, a large mechanical spider 20 metres high and weighing 37 tonnes, which represented the "eight legs" of Liverpool: honour, history, music, the Mersey, the ports, governance, sunshine and culture. <a href="/wiki/La_Princesse" title="La Princesse">La Princesse</a> roamed the streets of the city during the festivities, and concluded by entering the <a href="/wiki/Queensway_Tunnel" title="Queensway Tunnel">Queensway Tunnel</a>. Spearheaded by the multi-billion-<a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">pound</a> Liverpool ONE development, regeneration continued throughout the 2010s. Some of the most significant redevelopment projects included new buildings in the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Centre#Commercial_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool City Centre">Commercial District</a>, <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Dock,_Port_of_Liverpool" title="King's Dock, Port of Liverpool">King's Dock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mann_Island" title="Mann Island">Mann Island</a>, around <a href="/wiki/Lime_Street,_Liverpool" title="Lime Street, Liverpool">Lime Street</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Triangle" title="Baltic Triangle">Baltic Triangle</a>, <a href="/wiki/RopeWalks,_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="RopeWalks, Liverpool">RopeWalks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Edge_Lane" title="Edge Lane">Edge Lane</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mann_Island_Liverpool_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Mann_Island_Liverpool_2023.jpg/220px-Mann_Island_Liverpool_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Mann_Island_Liverpool_2023.jpg/330px-Mann_Island_Liverpool_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Mann_Island_Liverpool_2023.jpg/440px-Mann_Island_Liverpool_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3477" data-file-height="2458" /></a><figcaption>Headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Region_Combined_Authority" title="Liverpool City Region Combined Authority">Liverpool City Region Combined Authority</a>, which invests in Liverpool's major infrastructure and regeneration projects</figcaption></figure> Changes to Liverpool's governance took place in 2014. The local authority of <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Council" title="Liverpool City Council">Liverpool City Council</a> decided to pool its power and resources with surrounding boroughs through the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Region_Combined_Authority" title="Liverpool City Region Combined Authority">Liverpool City Region Combined Authority</a> in a form of <a href="/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">devolution</a>. With a devolved budget granted by <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">central government</a>, the authority now oversees and invests in foremost strategic affairs throughout the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Region" title="Liverpool City Region">Liverpool City Region</a>, including major regeneration projects. The authority, along with Liverpool City Council itself, has embarked on long-term plans to grow the population and economy of the city.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> By the 2020s, urban regeneration throughout the city continues. <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Waters" title="Liverpool Waters">Liverpool Waters</a>, a mixed-use development in the city's disused northern docklands, has been identified as one of the largest megaprojects in the UK's history. <a href="/wiki/Everton_Stadium" title="Everton Stadium">Everton's new stadium</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bramley-Moore_Dock" title="Bramley-Moore Dock">Bramley-Moore Dock</a> was regarded as the largest single-site private sector development in the United Kingdom at the time of construction.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> Major events, business and political conferences regularly take place in the city and form an important part of the economy. In June 2014, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> launched the International Festival for Business in Liverpool, the world's largest business event in 2014,<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> and the largest in the UK since the <a href="/wiki/Festival_of_Britain" title="Festival of Britain">Festival of Britain</a> in 1951.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> has chosen Liverpool numerous times since the mid 2010s for their annual <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_Conference" title="Labour Party Conference">Labour Party Conference</a>. Liverpool hosted the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2023" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2023">Eurovision Song Contest 2023</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inventions_and_innovations">Inventions and innovations</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_School_Tropical_Medical_School_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Liverpool_School_Tropical_Medical_School_3.JPG/220px-Liverpool_School_Tropical_Medical_School_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Liverpool_School_Tropical_Medical_School_3.JPG/330px-Liverpool_School_Tropical_Medical_School_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Liverpool_School_Tropical_Medical_School_3.JPG/440px-Liverpool_School_Tropical_Medical_School_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_School_of_Tropical_Medicine" title="Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine">Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine</a>, the first such school in the world</figcaption></figure> Liverpool has been a centre of invention and innovation. Railways, transatlantic <a href="/wiki/Steamship" title="Steamship">steamships</a>, municipal trams,<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> and electric trains were all pioneered in Liverpool as modes of mass transit. In 1829 and 1836, the first railway tunnels in the world were constructed under Liverpool (<a href="/wiki/Wapping_Tunnel" title="Wapping Tunnel">Wapping Tunnel</a>). From 1950 to 1951, the world's first scheduled passenger helicopter service ran between Liverpool and <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> The first <a href="/wiki/Royal_School_for_the_Blind_(Liverpool)" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal School for the Blind (Liverpool)">School for the Blind</a>,<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mechanics%27_Institutes" class="mw-redirect" title="Mechanics' Institutes">Mechanics' Institute</a>,<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> High School for Girls,<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> council house,<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> and Juvenile Court<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> were all founded in Liverpool. Charities such as the <a href="/wiki/RSPCA" title="RSPCA">RSPCA</a>,<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> <a href="/wiki/NSPCC" title="NSPCC">NSPCC</a>,<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> <a href="/wiki/Age_Concern" title="Age Concern">Age Concern</a>,<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/Relate" title="Relate">Relate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Citizen%27s_Advice_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizen's Advice Bureau">Citizen's Advice Bureau</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> all evolved from work in the city. The first <a href="/wiki/Lifeboat_(rescue)" title="Lifeboat (rescue)">lifeboat</a> station, public bath and wash-house,<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> sanitary act,<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> medical officer for health (<a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Duncan" title="William Henry Duncan">William Henry Duncan</a>), district nurse, <a href="/wiki/Slum_clearance_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Slum clearance in the United Kingdom">slum clearance</a>,<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> purpose-built ambulance,<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> X-ray medical diagnosis,<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> school of tropical medicine (<a href="/wiki/Liverpool_School_of_Tropical_Medicine" title="Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine">Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine</a>), motorised municipal fire-engine,<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> free school meal,<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> cancer research centre,<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zoonosis" title="Zoonosis">zoonosis</a> research centre<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> all originated in Liverpool. The first British Nobel Prize was awarded in 1902 to <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">Ronald Ross</a>, professor at the School of Tropical Medicine, the first school of its kind in the world.<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> <a href="/wiki/Orthopaedic_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthopaedic surgery">Orthopaedic surgery</a> was pioneered in Liverpool by <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Owen_Thomas" title="Hugh Owen Thomas">Hugh Owen Thomas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> and modern medical anaesthetics by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cecil_Gray" title="Thomas Cecil Gray">Thomas Cecil Gray</a>. The world's first integrated <a href="/wiki/History_of_water_supply_and_sanitation" title="History of water supply and sanitation">sewer system</a> was constructed in Liverpool by <a href="/wiki/James_Newlands" title="James Newlands">James Newlands</a>, appointed in 1847 as the UK's first borough engineer.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> Liverpool also founded the UK's first <a href="/wiki/Underwriting" title="Underwriting">Underwriters'</a> Association<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> and the first <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Chartered_Accountants_in_England_and_Wales" title="Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales">Institute of Accountants</a>. The Western world's first financial derivatives (cotton futures) were traded on the <a href="/wiki/International_Cotton_Association" title="International Cotton Association">Liverpool Cotton Exchange</a> in the late 1700s.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oriel_Chambers_-_geograph.org.uk_-_530888.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Oriel_Chambers_-_geograph.org.uk_-_530888.jpg/220px-Oriel_Chambers_-_geograph.org.uk_-_530888.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Oriel_Chambers_-_geograph.org.uk_-_530888.jpg/330px-Oriel_Chambers_-_geograph.org.uk_-_530888.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Oriel_Chambers_-_geograph.org.uk_-_530888.jpg/440px-Oriel_Chambers_-_geograph.org.uk_-_530888.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oriel_Chambers" title="Oriel Chambers">Oriel Chambers</a>, the first "modern" building in the world with its iron-framed <a href="/wiki/Curtain_wall_(architecture)" title="Curtain wall (architecture)">curtain-wall</a></figcaption></figure> In the arts, Liverpool was home to the first lending library (<a href="/wiki/The_Lyceum,_Liverpool" title="The Lyceum, Liverpool">The Lyceum</a>), athenaeum society (<a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Athenaeum" title="Liverpool Athenaeum">Liverpool Athenaeum</a>), arts centre (<a href="/wiki/Bluecoat_Chambers" title="Bluecoat Chambers">Bluecoat Chambers</a>),<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> and public art conservation centre (<a href="/wiki/National_Conservation_Centre" title="National Conservation Centre">National Conservation Centre</a>).<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> It is also home to the UK's oldest surviving classical orchestra (<a href="/wiki/Royal_Liverpool_Philharmonic_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra">Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra</a>)<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> and repertory theatre (<a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Playhouse" title="Liverpool Playhouse">Liverpool Playhouse</a>).<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> In 1864, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ellis_(architect)" title="Peter Ellis (architect)">Peter Ellis</a> built the world's first iron-framed, <a href="/wiki/Curtain_wall_(architecture)" title="Curtain wall (architecture)">curtain-walled</a> office building, <a href="/wiki/Oriel_Chambers" title="Oriel Chambers">Oriel Chambers</a>, which was a prototype of the skyscraper. The UK's first purpose-built department store was <a href="/wiki/Compton_House,_Liverpool" title="Compton House, Liverpool">Compton House</a>, completed in 1867 for the retailer J.R. Jeffrey.<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> It was the largest store in the world at the time.<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lewis%27s,_Liverpool_2018-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Lewis%27s%2C_Liverpool_2018-2.jpg/240px-Lewis%27s%2C_Liverpool_2018-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Lewis%27s%2C_Liverpool_2018-2.jpg/360px-Lewis%27s%2C_Liverpool_2018-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Lewis%27s%2C_Liverpool_2018-2.jpg/480px-Lewis%27s%2C_Liverpool_2018-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4754" data-file-height="2727" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lewis%27s" title="Lewis's">Lewis's</a> department store on Ranelagh Street. In 1879, the <a href="/wiki/Santa%27s_workshop" title="Santa's workshop">Christmas grotto</a> was conceived in the store.</figcaption></figure> Between 1862 and 1867, Liverpool held an annual <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games#Forerunners" title="Olympic Games">Grand Olympic Festival</a>. Devised by <a href="/wiki/John_Hulley" title="John Hulley">John Hulley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pierre_Melly" title="Charles Pierre Melly">Charles Pierre Melly</a>, these games were the first to be wholly amateur in nature and international in outlook.<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> The programme of the first modern Olympiad in <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> in 1896 was almost identical to that of the Liverpool Olympics.<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> In 1865, Hulley co-founded the National Olympian Association in Liverpool, a forerunner of the <a href="/wiki/British_Olympic_Association" title="British Olympic Association">British Olympic Association</a>. Its articles of foundation provided the framework for the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Charter" title="Olympic Charter">Olympic Charter</a>. A concept devised by retail entrepreneur <a href="/wiki/David_Lewis_(English_merchant)" title="David Lewis (English merchant)">David Lewis</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Santa%27s_workshop" title="Santa's workshop">Christmas grotto</a> opened in <a href="/wiki/Lewis%27s" title="Lewis's">Lewis's</a> department store in Liverpool in 1879.<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Lewis_Jones" title="Alfred Lewis Jones">Alfred Lewis Jones</a>, a shipowner, introduced bananas to the UK via Liverpool's docks in 1884.<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mersey_Railway" title="Mersey Railway">Mersey Railway</a>, opened in 1886, incorporated the world's first tunnel under a tidal <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuary</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> and the world's first deep-level underground stations (<a href="/wiki/Liverpool_James_Street_railway_station" title="Liverpool James Street railway station">Liverpool James Street railway station</a>). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bessie_Braddock_1899_-_1970_Labour_politician_and_campaigner_lived_here_1945_-_1970.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bessie_Braddock_1899_-_1970_Labour_politician_and_campaigner_lived_here_1945_-_1970.jpg/170px-Bessie_Braddock_1899_-_1970_Labour_politician_and_campaigner_lived_here_1945_-_1970.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bessie_Braddock_1899_-_1970_Labour_politician_and_campaigner_lived_here_1945_-_1970.jpg/255px-Bessie_Braddock_1899_-_1970_Labour_politician_and_campaigner_lived_here_1945_-_1970.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bessie_Braddock_1899_-_1970_Labour_politician_and_campaigner_lived_here_1945_-_1970.jpg/340px-Bessie_Braddock_1899_-_1970_Labour_politician_and_campaigner_lived_here_1945_-_1970.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Liverpool was the first city outside London to be chosen to have an official <a href="/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">Blue plaque</a> and now has the largest number outside London<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a></figcaption></figure> In 1889, borough engineer <a href="/wiki/John_Alexander_Brodie" title="John Alexander Brodie">John Alexander Brodie</a> invented the football goal net. He was also a pioneer in the use of <a href="/wiki/Pre-fabricated" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-fabricated">pre-fabricated</a> housing<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> and oversaw the construction of the UK's first ring road (<a href="/wiki/A5058_road" title="A5058 road">A5058</a>) and intercity highway (<a href="/wiki/East_Lancashire_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="East Lancashire Road">East Lancashire Road</a>), as well as the <a href="/wiki/Queensway_Tunnel" title="Queensway Tunnel">Queensway Tunnel</a> linking Liverpool and <a href="/wiki/Birkenhead" title="Birkenhead">Birkenhead</a>. Described as "the eighth wonder of the world" at the time of its construction, it was the longest underwater tunnel in the world for 24 years. In 1897, the <a href="/wiki/Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste and Louis Lumière">Lumière brothers</a> filmed Liverpool,<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> including what is believed to be the world's first <a href="/wiki/Tracking_shot" title="Tracking shot">tracking shot</a>,<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> taken from the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Overhead_Railway" title="Liverpool Overhead Railway">Liverpool Overhead Railway</a>, the world's first elevated electrified railway. The Overhead Railway was the first railway in the world to use <a href="/wiki/Electric_multiple_unit" title="Electric multiple unit">electric multiple units</a>, employ automatic signalling, and install an escalator. Liverpool inventor <a href="/wiki/Frank_Hornby" title="Frank Hornby">Frank Hornby</a> was a visionary in toy development and manufacture, producing three of the most popular lines of toys in the 20th century: <a href="/wiki/Meccano" title="Meccano">Meccano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hornby_Model_Railways" class="mw-redirect" title="Hornby Model Railways">Hornby Model Railways</a> (both in 1901), and <a href="/wiki/Dinky_Toys" title="Dinky Toys">Dinky Toys</a> in 1934.<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> The <a href="/wiki/British_Interplanetary_Society" title="British Interplanetary Society">British Interplanetary Society</a>, founded in Liverpool in 1933 by Phillip Ellaby Cleator, is the world's oldest existing organisation devoted to the promotion of <a href="/wiki/Spaceflight" title="Spaceflight">spaceflight</a>. Its journal, the <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_British_Interplanetary_Society" title="Journal of the British Interplanetary Society">Journal of the British Interplanetary Society</a>, is the longest-running astronautical publication in the world.<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> In 1999, Liverpool was the first city outside London to be awarded <a href="/wiki/Blue_plaques" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue plaques">blue plaques</a> by <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a> in recognition of the "significant contribution made by its sons and daughters in all walks of life".<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Region" title="Liverpool City Region">Liverpool City Region</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cunard_and_Port_of_Liverpool_Building_Buildings_(2015-11-03_19.33.41_by_Bob_Edwards_-_22794131345).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Cunard_and_Port_of_Liverpool_Building_Buildings_%282015-11-03_19.33.41_by_Bob_Edwards_-_22794131345%29.jpg/220px-Cunard_and_Port_of_Liverpool_Building_Buildings_%282015-11-03_19.33.41_by_Bob_Edwards_-_22794131345%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Cunard_and_Port_of_Liverpool_Building_Buildings_%282015-11-03_19.33.41_by_Bob_Edwards_-_22794131345%29.jpg/330px-Cunard_and_Port_of_Liverpool_Building_Buildings_%282015-11-03_19.33.41_by_Bob_Edwards_-_22794131345%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Cunard_and_Port_of_Liverpool_Building_Buildings_%282015-11-03_19.33.41_by_Bob_Edwards_-_22794131345%29.jpg/440px-Cunard_and_Port_of_Liverpool_Building_Buildings_%282015-11-03_19.33.41_by_Bob_Edwards_-_22794131345%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1172" data-file-height="779" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Cunard_Building" title="Cunard Building">Cunard Building</a> (left), housing the main offices of <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Council" title="Liverpool City Council">Liverpool City Council</a></figcaption></figure> For the purposes of <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_England" title="Local government in England">local government</a>, Liverpool is classified as a <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">metropolitan borough</a> with city status. The metropolitan borough is located within both the county of <a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Region" title="Liverpool City Region">Liverpool City Region</a>. Each of these geographical areas is treated as an administrative area with different levels of local governance applying to each. <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Council" title="Liverpool City Council">Liverpool City Council</a> is the governing body solely for the Metropolitan Borough of Liverpool and performs functions that are standard of an English <a href="/wiki/Unitary_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Unitary Authority">Unitary Authority</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Region_Combined_Authority" title="Liverpool City Region Combined Authority">Liverpool City Region Combined Authority</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_Liverpool_City_Region" title="Mayor of the Liverpool City Region">Mayor of the Liverpool City Region</a> reserve major strategic powers over such things as transport, economic development and regeneration for the city along with the 5 surrounding boroughs of the Liverpool City Region. The Combined Authority has competency over areas which have been devolved by national government and are specific to the city region.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> Nevertheless, there are a few exceptions to local governance apart from these two structures. Liverpool was administered by <a href="/wiki/Merseyside_County_Council" title="Merseyside County Council">Merseyside County Council</a> between 1974 and 1986 and some residual aspects of organisation which date back to this time have survived. When the County Council was disbanded in 1986, most civic functions were transferred to Liverpool City Council. However, several authorities such as the <a href="/wiki/Merseyside_Police" title="Merseyside Police">police</a> and <a href="/wiki/Merseyside_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service">fire and rescue service</a>, continue to be run at a county-wide level. The county of Merseyside, therefore, continues to exist as an administrative area for a few limited services only, while the capability and capacity of the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority is evolving over time.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> The city also elects five <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">members of Parliament</a> (MPs) to the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Westminster Parliament">Westminster Parliament</a>, all Labour as of the 2024 general election. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_Council_Leader_and_Cabinet">City Council Leader and Cabinet</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_Town_Hall_Council_Chamber_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Liverpool_Town_Hall_Council_Chamber_2.jpg/220px-Liverpool_Town_Hall_Council_Chamber_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Liverpool_Town_Hall_Council_Chamber_2.jpg/330px-Liverpool_Town_Hall_Council_Chamber_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Liverpool_Town_Hall_Council_Chamber_2.jpg/440px-Liverpool_Town_Hall_Council_Chamber_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>City Councillors meet regularly at the Council Chamber in <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Town_Hall" title="Liverpool Town Hall">Liverpool Town Hall</a> to conduct civic business<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a></figcaption></figure> Liverpool City Council operates under a constitution comprising 85 city councillors who are directly elected by the Liverpool electorate every 4 years and represent a variety of different <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of political parties in the United Kingdom">political parties</a>. The city councillors make decisions about local services for the city's people. At each election, the political party that wins the majority of the 85 council seats leads the council for the following 4 years. The local leader of this party assumes the role of Leader of the City Council who then chairs a Cabinet of 9 councillors who are assigned specific responsibilities known as 'portfolios'. The incumbent Leader of Liverpool City Council is <a href="/wiki/Liam_Robinson_(politician)" title="Liam Robinson (politician)">Councillor Liam Robinson</a>, who represents the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a>, which secured a large majority at the <a href="/wiki/2023_Liverpool_City_Council_election" title="2023 Liverpool City Council election">2023 local election</a>,<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> the Leader is also a member of the Mayor of the Liverpool City Regions cabinet (Separate from the City Council Cabinet), at present Robinson holds the portfolio of Cabinet Member for Innovation. The City Council's decisions and scrutiny of activities are undertaken by a number of different committees and panels which include the Overview and Scrutiny Committees, Scrutiny Panels, Regulatory Committees and other committees. The day-to-day management of the council is carried out by the management team which includes the Chief Executive and several directors and senior officers. The management team works with the Cabinet and councillors to deliver strategic direction and priorities such as the budget and the City Plan.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liverpool_City_Council_elections">Liverpool City Council elections</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Council" title="Liverpool City Council">Liverpool City Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Council_elections" title="Liverpool City Council elections">Liverpool City Council elections</a></div> Every four years, the city elects 85 <a href="/wiki/Councillor" title="Councillor">councillors</a> from 64 local council <a href="/wiki/Ward_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ward (politics)">wards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/2023_Liverpool_City_Council_election" title="2023 Liverpool City Council election">2023 Liverpool City Council election</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> consolidated its control of Liverpool City Council, following on from the previous elections. Out of the total 85 City Council seats up for election, The Labour Party won 61 seats (53.13% of the electorate's total votes), the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> won 15 seats (21.61% of the votes), the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green Party</a> won 3 seats (9.76% of the votes), the Liverpool Community Independents won 3 seats (4.64% of the votes) and the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK,_1989)" title="Liberal Party (UK, 1989)">Liberal Party</a> won the remaining 3 seats (3.21% of the votes). The <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a>, the political party in power at <a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">national government</a>, had no representation on Liverpool City Council. Only 27.27% of the eligible Liverpool electorate turned out to vote.<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:189px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Steve_Rotheram_in_2023.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Steve_Rotheram_in_2023.JPG/142px-Steve_Rotheram_in_2023.JPG" decoding="async" width="142" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Steve_Rotheram_in_2023.JPG/213px-Steve_Rotheram_in_2023.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Steve_Rotheram_in_2023.JPG/284px-Steve_Rotheram_in_2023.JPG 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="769" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Rotheram" title="Steve Rotheram">Steve Rotheram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_Liverpool_City_Region" title="Mayor of the Liverpool City Region">Mayor of the Liverpool City Region</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:189px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Paula_Barker_MP_crop_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Official_portrait_of_Paula_Barker_MP_crop_2.jpg/142px-Official_portrait_of_Paula_Barker_MP_crop_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Official_portrait_of_Paula_Barker_MP_crop_2.jpg/213px-Official_portrait_of_Paula_Barker_MP_crop_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Official_portrait_of_Paula_Barker_MP_crop_2.jpg/284px-Official_portrait_of_Paula_Barker_MP_crop_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Paula_Barker" title="Paula Barker">Paula Barker</a>, MP for <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Wavertree_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Liverpool Wavertree (UK Parliament constituency)">Liverpool Wavertree</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:189px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Ian_Byrne_MP_crop_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Official_portrait_of_Ian_Byrne_MP_crop_2.jpg/142px-Official_portrait_of_Ian_Byrne_MP_crop_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Official_portrait_of_Ian_Byrne_MP_crop_2.jpg/213px-Official_portrait_of_Ian_Byrne_MP_crop_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Official_portrait_of_Ian_Byrne_MP_crop_2.jpg/284px-Official_portrait_of_Ian_Byrne_MP_crop_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Byrne" title="Ian Byrne">Ian Byrne</a>, MP for <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_West_Derby_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Liverpool West Derby (UK Parliament constituency)">Liverpool West Derby</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:189px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Dan_Carden_MP_crop_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Official_portrait_of_Dan_Carden_MP_crop_2.jpg/142px-Official_portrait_of_Dan_Carden_MP_crop_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Official_portrait_of_Dan_Carden_MP_crop_2.jpg/213px-Official_portrait_of_Dan_Carden_MP_crop_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Official_portrait_of_Dan_Carden_MP_crop_2.jpg/284px-Official_portrait_of_Dan_Carden_MP_crop_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Carden" title="Dan Carden">Dan Carden</a>, MP for <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Walton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Liverpool Walton (UK Parliament constituency)">Liverpool Walton</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:189px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Maria_Eagle_MP_crop_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Official_portrait_of_Maria_Eagle_MP_crop_2.jpg/142px-Official_portrait_of_Maria_Eagle_MP_crop_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Official_portrait_of_Maria_Eagle_MP_crop_2.jpg/213px-Official_portrait_of_Maria_Eagle_MP_crop_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Official_portrait_of_Maria_Eagle_MP_crop_2.jpg/284px-Official_portrait_of_Maria_Eagle_MP_crop_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Eagle" title="Maria Eagle">Maria Eagle</a>, MP for <a href="/wiki/Garston_and_Halewood_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Garston and Halewood (UK Parliament constituency)">Garston and Halewood</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:189px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Kim_Johnson_MP_crop_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Official_portrait_of_Kim_Johnson_MP_crop_2.jpg/142px-Official_portrait_of_Kim_Johnson_MP_crop_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Official_portrait_of_Kim_Johnson_MP_crop_2.jpg/213px-Official_portrait_of_Kim_Johnson_MP_crop_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Official_portrait_of_Kim_Johnson_MP_crop_2.jpg/284px-Official_portrait_of_Kim_Johnson_MP_crop_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Johnson_(politician)" title="Kim Johnson (politician)">Kim Johnson</a>, MP for <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Riverside_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Liverpool Riverside (UK Parliament constituency)">Liverpool Riverside</a></div></div></div></div></div> Throughout most of the 19th and early 20th centuries, Liverpool was a municipal stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Toryism</a>. However, support for the Conservative Party in recent times has been among the lowest in any part of Britain, particularly since the <a href="/wiki/Monetarism" title="Monetarism">monetarist</a> economic policies of former prime minister <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1979 United Kingdom general election">1979 general election</a>, many have claimed that her victory contributed to longstanding high unemployment and decline in the city.<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> Liverpool is one of the Labour Party's key strongholds; however, the city has also seen hard times under Labour governments. Particularly in the <a href="/wiki/Winter_of_Discontent" title="Winter of Discontent">Winter of Discontent</a> (late 1978 and early 1979) when Liverpool suffered public sector strikes along with the rest of the United Kingdom, but also when it suffered the particularly humiliating misfortune of having <a href="/wiki/Gravedigger" title="Gravedigger">grave-diggers</a> going on strike, leaving the dead unburied for long periods.<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_Council_criticism_and_improvement">City Council criticism and improvement</h3></div> In recent years, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Council" title="Liverpool City Council">Liverpool City Council</a> began an extensive improvement program designed to ensure that the authority makes efficient use of <a href="/wiki/Taxpayer" title="Taxpayer">taxpayer</a>'s money and to encourage more business and investment in the city. <a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_Group" title="Grosvenor Group">Grosvenor Group</a>, the property company responsible for <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_One" title="Liverpool One">Liverpool One</a>, commended the changes as an "opportunity for bold thinking in liverpool".<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> In 2021, a highly critical government inspection and subsequent report of Liverpool City Council (referred to as the Caller report) identified multiple shortcomings at Liverpool City Council. The <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Housing,_Communities_and_Local_Government" title="Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government">Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenrick" title="Robert Jenrick">Robert Jenrick</a> sent government <a href="/wiki/Commissioner" title="Commissioner">commissioners</a> to oversee the City Council's highways, regeneration, property management, governance and financial decision-making. The authority was compelled to commit to a three-year improvement plan in which the entire structure of the council would be overhauled. As a result of the intervention, major structural changes at the City Council took place by the <a href="/wiki/2023_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2023 United Kingdom local elections">2023 United Kingdom local elections</a>, which were labelled "the most unpredictable [elections] in the city's history". The number of electoral wards in the city was doubled from 30 to 64, while the overall number of City Councillors up for election was reduced from 90 to 85. In future, the council would also change to 'all out' elections every four years whereby every single City Councillor would be eligible for re-election at the same time. The role of <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Liverpool" title="Mayor of Liverpool">elected city mayor</a> was also abolished and the Council reverted to the previous <a href="/wiki/Executive_arrangements" title="Executive arrangements">Leader and Cabinet</a> style of leadership. The outcome of the elections were seen not only as a test of how the general public would respond to the government intervention in the city, but also to Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a>'s government as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> Councillor <a href="/wiki/Liam_Robinson_(politician)" title="Liam Robinson (politician)">Liam Robinson</a> became the new Leader of Liverpool City Council at the 2023 City Council election. The Liverpool Strategic Futures Advisory Panel, chaired by the <a href="/wiki/Metro_Mayor_of_the_Liverpool_City_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro Mayor of the Liverpool City Region">Mayor of Liverpool City Region</a> <a href="/wiki/Steve_Rotheram" title="Steve Rotheram">Steve Rotheram</a>, and including several high-profile figures with experience in <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_England" title="Local government in England">local government</a>, was established. The panel was tasked with directing the council's long-term future outside of government intervention measures and to advise on plans and priorities that the city should pursue.<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_Town_Hall_front_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Liverpool_Town_Hall_front_2018.jpg/206px-Liverpool_Town_Hall_front_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="206" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Liverpool_Town_Hall_front_2018.jpg/309px-Liverpool_Town_Hall_front_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Liverpool_Town_Hall_front_2018.jpg/412px-Liverpool_Town_Hall_front_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4498" data-file-height="3413" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Town_Hall" title="Liverpool Town Hall">Liverpool Town Hall</a> houses the official office for the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_Liverpool" title="Lord Mayor of Liverpool">Lord Mayor of Liverpool</a></figcaption></figure>In February 2008, Liverpool City Council was reported to be the worst-performing council in the country, receiving just a one-star rating (classified as inadequate). The main cause of the poor rating was attributed to the council's poor handling of tax-payer money, including the accumulation of a £20m shortfall while the city held the title of <a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capital of Culture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> In April 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Levelling_Up,_Housing_and_Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities">Office for Local Government</a> released a ranking of local authorities, placing Liverpool City Council 317th out of a possible 318.<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lord_Mayor_of_Liverpool">Lord Mayor of Liverpool</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with elected <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_Liverpool_City_Region" title="Mayor of the Liverpool City Region">Mayor of the Liverpool City Region</a> See below.</div> The <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_Liverpool" title="Lord Mayor of Liverpool">Lord Mayor of Liverpool</a> is an ancient ceremonial role. Councillors within Liverpool City Council (not the general public) elect the Lord Mayor annually, who then serves a one-year term. The Lord Mayor is styled as the "first citizen" and is chosen to represent the city at civic functions and engagements, promote it to the wider world, support local charities and community groups, attend religious events, meet delegates from <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">Liverpool's twin cities</a>, chair council meetings and confer <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">Honorary Freemen and associations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> The Lord Mayor is also the presiding officer for Liverpool City Council full meetings. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayor_of_the_Liverpool_City_Region">Mayor of the Liverpool City Region</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mann_Island_3_Close_Up.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Mann_Island_3_Close_Up.jpg/196px-Mann_Island_3_Close_Up.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Mann_Island_3_Close_Up.jpg/294px-Mann_Island_3_Close_Up.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Mann_Island_3_Close_Up.jpg/392px-Mann_Island_3_Close_Up.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2137" data-file-height="2662" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mann_Island_Buildings" title="Mann Island Buildings">1 Mann Island</a> contains the offices of the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_Liverpool_City_Region" title="Mayor of the Liverpool City Region">Mayor of the Liverpool City Region</a> and combined authority</figcaption></figure>. Liverpool is one of the six constituent boroughs of the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Region" title="Liverpool City Region">Liverpool City Region</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Metro_Mayor_of_the_Liverpool_City_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro Mayor of the Liverpool City Region">Mayor of the Liverpool City Region</a> is directly every four years by residents of those six boroughs and oversees the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Region_Combined_Authority" title="Liverpool City Region Combined Authority">Liverpool City Region Combined Authority</a>. The Combined Authority is the top-tier administrative body for the local governance of the city region and is tasked with taking major strategic decisions on issues such as transport and investment, economic development, employment and skills, tourism, culture, housing and physical infrastructure. The current Mayor is <a href="/wiki/Steve_Rotheram" title="Steve Rotheram">Steve Rotheram</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliamentary_constituencies_and_MPs">Parliamentary constituencies and MPs</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_on_Merseyside" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies on Merseyside">List of Parliamentary constituencies on Merseyside</a></div> Liverpool is included within five <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_constituencies" title="United Kingdom constituencies">parliamentary constituencies</a>, through which MPs are elected to represent the city in <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Westminster</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Riverside_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Liverpool Riverside (UK Parliament constituency)">Liverpool Riverside</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Walton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Liverpool Walton (UK Parliament constituency)">Liverpool Walton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Wavertree_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Liverpool Wavertree (UK Parliament constituency)">Liverpool Wavertree</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_West_Derby_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Liverpool West Derby (UK Parliament constituency)">Liverpool West Derby</a> and <a href="/wiki/Garston_and_Halewood_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Garston and Halewood (UK Parliament constituency)">Garston and Halewood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">last general election</a>, all were won by Labour with representation being from <a href="/wiki/Kim_Johnson_(politician)" title="Kim Johnson (politician)">Kim Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Carden" title="Dan Carden">Dan Carden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paula_Barker" title="Paula Barker">Paula Barker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ian_Byrne_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ian Byrne (politician)">Ian Byrne</a> respectively.<a href="#cite_note-2019_general_election_results-149">[148]</a> Due to <a href="/wiki/Constituencies_in_the_United_Kingdom_general_election,_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="Constituencies in the United Kingdom general election, 2010">boundary changes</a> prior to the 2010 election, the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Garston_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Liverpool Garston (UK Parliament constituency)">Liverpool Garston</a> constituency was merged with most of <a href="/wiki/Knowsley_South_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Knowsley South (UK Parliament constituency)">Knowsley South</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/Garston_and_Halewood_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Garston and Halewood (UK Parliament constituency)">Garston and Halewood</a> cross-boundary seat. At the most recent 2024 election, this seat was won by <a href="/wiki/Maria_Eagle" title="Maria Eagle">Maria Eagle</a> of the Labour Party.<a href="#cite_note-2019_general_election_results-149">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment">Environment</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_Bay.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Liverpool_Bay.png/220px-Liverpool_Bay.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Liverpool_Bay.png/330px-Liverpool_Bay.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Liverpool_Bay.png/440px-Liverpool_Bay.png 2x" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="947" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Satellite_imagery" title="Satellite imagery">Satellite imagery</a> showing <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Bay" title="Liverpool Bay">Liverpool Bay</a>, Liverpool and the wider <a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a> area</figcaption></figure> Liverpool has been described as having "the most splendid setting of any English city".<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> At <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Liverpool&params=53_24_0_N_2_59_0_W_type:city">53°24′0″N 2°59′0″W / 53.40000°N 2.98333°W / 53.40000; -2.98333</a> (53.4, −2.98), 176 miles (283 kilometres) northwest of London, located on the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Bay" title="Liverpool Bay">Liverpool Bay</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a>, Liverpool is built across a ridge of <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a> hills rising up to a height of around 230 feet (70 m) above sea-level at Everton Hill, which represents the southern boundary of the <a href="/wiki/West_Lancashire_Coastal_Plain" title="West Lancashire Coastal Plain">West Lancashire Coastal Plain</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Mersey_Estuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Mersey Estuary">Mersey Estuary</a> separates Liverpool from the <a href="/wiki/Wirral_Peninsula" title="Wirral Peninsula">Wirral Peninsula</a>. The boundaries of Liverpool are adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Bootle" title="Bootle">Bootle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crosby,_Merseyside" title="Crosby, Merseyside">Crosby</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maghull" title="Maghull">Maghull</a> in south <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Sefton" title="Metropolitan Borough of Sefton">Sefton</a> to the north, and <a href="/wiki/Kirkby" title="Kirkby">Kirkby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huyton" title="Huyton">Huyton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prescot" title="Prescot">Prescot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Halewood" title="Halewood">Halewood</a> in <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Knowsley" title="Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley">Knowsley</a> to the east. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Liverpool" title="Climate of Liverpool">Climate of Liverpool</a></div> <table class="infobox" style="width: 19.5em; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: solid 1px silver" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th>Liverpool </th></tr> <tr><th style="font-size: 90%">Climate chart (<a href="/wiki/Template:Climate_chart/How_to_read_a_climate_chart" title="Template:Climate chart/How to read a climate chart">explanation</a>)</th></tr> <tr><td><table class="infobox" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.38em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">69</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.6em;height:1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.6em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">8</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.1em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">3</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.14em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">57</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.6em;height:1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.6em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">8</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.1em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">3</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.06em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">53</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.8em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">10</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.3em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">4</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">50</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.2em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.6em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">13</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">6</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.06em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">53</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.6em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.2em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">16</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.1em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">8</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.28em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">64</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.2em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.6em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">18</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">11</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.32em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">66</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.8em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">20</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.3em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">14</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.44em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">72</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.8em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">20</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.3em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">14</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.54em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">77</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.2em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.6em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">18</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">11</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.8em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">90</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.8em;height:1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.8em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">14</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.3em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">9</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.64em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">82</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.2em;height:1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.2em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">11</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">6</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.84em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">92</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.6em;height:1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.6em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">8</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.1em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">3</div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">█ Precipitation totals in mm</td></tr><tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gctb66ydw">Met Office</a></td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><td> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="12">Imperial conversion</th></tr> <tr><td>J</td><td>F</td><td>M</td><td>A</td><td>M</td><td>J</td><td>J</td><td>A</td><td>S</td><td>O</td><td>N</td><td>D</td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.38em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2.7</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.6em;height:1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.6em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">46</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.1em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">37</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.14em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2.2</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.6em;height:1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.6em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">46</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.1em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">37</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.06em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2.1</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.8em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">50</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.3em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">39</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.2em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.6em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">55</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">43</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.06em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2.1</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.6em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.2em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">61</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.1em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">46</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.28em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2.5</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.2em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.6em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">64</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">52</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.32em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2.6</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.8em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">68</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.3em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">57</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.44em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2.8</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.8em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">68</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.3em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">57</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.54em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">3</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.2em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.6em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">64</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">52</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.8em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">3.5</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.8em;height:1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.8em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">57</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.3em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">48</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.64em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">3.2</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.2em;height:1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.2em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">52</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">43</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.84em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">3.6</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.6em;height:1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.6em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">46</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.1em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">37</div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">█ Precipitation totals in inches</td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> Liverpool experiences a <a href="/wiki/Temperate" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate">temperate</a> <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">maritime climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: Cfb), like much of the British Isles, with relatively mild summers, cool winters and rainfall spread fairly evenly throughout the year. Rainfall and temperature records had been kept at <a href="/wiki/Bidston_Hill" title="Bidston Hill">Bidston Hill</a> since 1867, but records for atmospheric pressure go back as far as at least 1846.<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> Bidston closed down in 2002 but the <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a> also has a weather station at <a href="/wiki/Crosby,_Merseyside" title="Crosby, Merseyside">Crosby</a>. Since records began in 1867, temperatures have ranged from −17.6 °C (0.3 °F) on 21 December 2010 to 34.5 °C (94.1 °F) on 2 August 1990, although <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport" title="Liverpool John Lennon Airport">Liverpool Airport</a> recorded a temperature of 35.0 °C (95.0 °F) on 19 July 2006.<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> The lowest amount of sunshine on record was 16.5 hours in December 1927 whereas the most was 314.5 hours in July 2013.<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">Tornado activity</a> or <a href="/wiki/Funnel_cloud" title="Funnel cloud">funnel cloud</a> formation is very rare in and around the Liverpool area and tornadoes that do form are usually weak. Recent tornadoes or funnel clouds in Merseyside have been seen in 1998 and 2014.<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> During the period 1981–2010, Crosby recorded an average of 32.8 days of air frost per year, which is low for the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> Snow is fairly common during the winter although heavy snow is rare. Snow generally falls between November and March but can occasionally fall earlier and later. In recent times, the earliest snowfall was on 1 October 2008<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a> while the latest occurred on 15 May 2012.<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> Although historically, the earliest snowfall occurred on 10 September 1908<a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> and the latest on 2 June 1975.<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> Rainfall, although light, is quite a common occurrence in Liverpool, with the wettest month on record being August 1956, which recorded 221.2 mm (8.71 in) of rain and the driest being February 1932, with 0.9 mm (0.035 in).<a href="#cite_note-web.archive.org-162">[161]</a> The driest year on record was 1991, with 480.5 mm (18.92 in) of rainfall and the wettest was 1872, with 1,159.9 mm (45.67 in).<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Crosby,_Merseyside" title="Crosby, Merseyside">Crosby</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[b]</a> <a href="/wiki/Location_identifier#WMO_station_identifiers" title="Location identifier">WMO ID</a>: 03316; coordinates <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Liverpool&params=53.49721_N_3.05767_W_type:landmark_region:GB&title=Met+Office+Crosby">53°29′50″N 3°03′28″W / 53.49721°N 3.05767°W / 53.49721; -3.05767 (Met Office Crosby)</a>; elevation: 30 m (98 ft); 1991–2020 normals,<a href="#cite_note-165">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[d]</a> extremes 1867–present<a href="#cite_note-167">[e]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1 (59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9 (66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2 (70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6 (76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2 (82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7 (87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.5 (95.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5 (94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4 (86.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9 (78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7 (65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8 (60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">35.5 (95.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 (45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 (46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 (49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8 (55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9 (60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4 (65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0 (68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7 (67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7 (63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2 (57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 (50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 (46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.6 (56.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 (41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 (41.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 (44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 (48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1 (53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9 (58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7 (62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6 (61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5 (58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 (52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 (46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 (42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.5 (50.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 (37.0) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7 (36.9) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9 (39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 (42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 (46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 (52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5 (56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5 (56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 (52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 (47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 (42.3) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1 (37.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.5 (45.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.1 (8.4) </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.3 (11.7) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.6 (16.5) </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.6 (21.9) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.7 (28.9) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 (33.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 (41.0) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1 (37.6) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 (35.1) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.9 (26.8) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.5 (18.5) </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.6 (0.3) </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−17.6 (0.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #97FF97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.4 (2.73) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.1 (2.25) </td> <td style="background: #AFFFAF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.3 (2.10) </td> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.8 (1.96) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.5 (2.07) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.4 (2.54) </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.5 (2.58) </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.1 (2.84) </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.6 (3.02) </td> <td style="background: #79FF79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.7 (3.53) </td> <td style="background: #80FF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.2 (3.24) </td> <td style="background: #76FF76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.9 (3.62) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">824.3 (32.45) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.8 </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #7373FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 </td> <td style="background: #4D4DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.4 </td> <td style="background: #3939FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.5 </td> <td style="background: #4040FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.4 </td> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">146.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000BE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000C9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000D4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000D9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000D0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000BA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000B6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">80.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #666666; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56.0 </td> <td style="background: #8D8D8D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.3 </td> <td style="background: #AFAF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105.1 </td> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">154.2 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">207.0 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">191.5 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">197.0 </td> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">175.2 </td> <td style="background: #BEBE31; color:#000000;" class="notheme">132.7 </td> <td style="background: #ABAB9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97.3 </td> <td style="background: #7C7C7C; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.8 </td> <td style="background: #555555; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.8 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,499.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Daytime" title="Daytime">daylight hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 </td> <td style="background: #F1F111; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF34; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF81; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF64; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF42; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7 </td> <td style="background: #F5F51C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a><a href="#cite_note-Met_Averages-168">[163]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanography_Centre" title="National Oceanography Centre">National Oceanography Centre</a><a href="#cite_note-NOC-169">[164]</a> WeatherAtlas<a href="#cite_note-Weather-Atlas-170">[165]</a> CEDA Archive<a href="#cite_note-171">[166]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Shared with <a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a> in Norway. </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> Weather station is located 7 miles (11 km) from the Liverpool city centre. </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> Sunshine hours were recorded at the <a href="/wiki/Bidston" title="Bidston">Bidston</a> Observatory from the period of 1971–2000. </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> Humidity was recorded at the Bidston Observatory for the period of 1975–June 2002. The period Jul–Sep 1992 has no record, with Jan–May 2001 reporting unreliabe data. </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> From 1867–2002, extremes were recorded at the Bidston Observatory in Wirral. Since 1983, extremes were recorded at Crosby, Sefton. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human">Human</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suburbs_and_districts">Suburbs and districts</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Areas_of_Liverpool" title="Category:Areas of Liverpool">Category:Areas of Liverpool</a></div> Suburbs and districts of Liverpool include: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 12em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aigburth" title="Aigburth">Aigburth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allerton,_Liverpool" title="Allerton, Liverpool">Allerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anfield_(suburb)" title="Anfield (suburb)">Anfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belle_Vale,_Liverpool" title="Belle Vale, Liverpool">Belle Vale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadgreen" title="Broadgreen">Broadgreen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canning,_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="Canning, Liverpool">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childwall" title="Childwall">Childwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Liverpool" title="Chinatown, Liverpool">Chinatown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool City Centre">City Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clubmoor" title="Clubmoor">Clubmoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croxteth" title="Croxteth">Croxteth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingle,_Liverpool" title="Dingle, Liverpool">Dingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dovecot,_Liverpool" title="Dovecot, Liverpool">Dovecot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edge_Hill,_Liverpool" title="Edge Hill, Liverpool">Edge Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everton,_Liverpool" title="Everton, Liverpool">Everton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_Liverpool" title="Fairfield, Liverpool">Fairfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazakerley" title="Fazakerley">Fazakerley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garston,_Liverpool" title="Garston, Liverpool">Garston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateacre" title="Gateacre">Gateacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillmoss" title="Gillmoss">Gillmoss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassendale" title="Grassendale">Grassendale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt%27s_Cross" title="Hunt's Cross">Hunt's Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington,_Liverpool" title="Kensington, Liverpool">Kensington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkdale,_Liverpool" title="Kirkdale, Liverpool">Kirkdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knotty_Ash" title="Knotty Ash">Knotty Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossley_Hill" title="Mossley Hill">Mossley Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherley,_Liverpool" title="Netherley, Liverpool">Netherley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norris_Green" title="Norris Green">Norris Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oglet" title="Oglet">Oglet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Swan" title="Old Swan">Old Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orrell_Park" title="Orrell Park">Orrell Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Hamlet" title="St Michael's Hamlet">St Michael's Hamlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speke" title="Speke">Speke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoneycroft" title="Stoneycroft">Stoneycroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxteth" title="Toxteth">Toxteth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuebrook" title="Tuebrook">Tuebrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall,_Liverpool" title="Vauxhall, Liverpool">Vauxhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walton,_Liverpool" title="Walton, Liverpool">Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavertree" title="Wavertree">Wavertree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Derby" title="West Derby">West Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolton" title="Woolton">Woolton</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Green_Liverpool">Green Liverpool</h4></div> <table class="wikitable" id="toc" style="float:right; margin-left:2em; width:40%;" cellspacing="3"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">UK <a href="/wiki/Core_Cities_Group" title="Core Cities Group">core cities</a> – Population and population density (Number of usual residents per km2) (2021)<a href="#cite_note-172">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[170]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Core_Cities_Group" title="Core Cities Group">Core City</a></td> <td>Population</td> <td>Population density </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></td> <td>1,144,900</td> <td>4275.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a></td> <td>812,000</td> <td>1471.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></td> <td>635,130</td> <td>3637 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a></td> <td>556,500</td> <td>1512.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></td> <td>552,000</td> <td>4772.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Liverpool</td> <td>486,100</td> <td>4346.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></td> <td>472,400</td> <td>4308.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></td> <td>362,400</td> <td>2571.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></td> <td>345,418</td> <td>2597.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a></td> <td>323,700</td> <td>4337.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle</a></td> <td>300,200</td> <td>2646.1 </td></tr> </tbody></table> In 2010, Liverpool City Council and the Primary Care Trust commissioned the <a href="/wiki/Mersey_Forest" title="Mersey Forest">Mersey Forest</a> to complete "A Green Infrastructure Strategy" for the city.<a href="#cite_note-176">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Green_belt">Green belt</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/North_West_Green_Belt" title="North West Green Belt">North West Green Belt</a></div> Liverpool is a core urban element of a <a href="/wiki/Green_belt_(United_Kingdom)" title="Green belt (United Kingdom)">green belt</a> region that extends into the wider surrounding counties, which is in place to reduce <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a>, prevent the towns in the conurbation from further convergence, protect the identity of outlying communities, encourage <a href="/wiki/Brownfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Brownfield">brownfield</a> reuse, and preserve nearby countryside. This is achieved by restricting inappropriate development within the designated areas and imposing stricter conditions on permitted building.<a href="#cite_note-177">[172]</a> Due to being already highly built up, the city contains limited portions of protected green belt area within <a href="/wiki/Greenfield_land" title="Greenfield land">greenfield</a> throughout the borough at <a href="/wiki/Fazakerley" title="Fazakerley">Fazakerley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croxteth_Hall" title="Croxteth Hall">Croxteth Hall</a> and country park and Craven Wood, Woodfields Park and nearby golf courses in <a href="/wiki/Netherley,_Liverpool" title="Netherley, Liverpool">Netherley</a>, small greenfield tracts east of the <a href="/wiki/Speke" title="Speke">Speke</a> area by the St Ambrose primary school, and the small hamlet of <a href="/wiki/Oglet" title="Oglet">Oglet</a> and the surrounding area south of <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport" title="Liverpool John Lennon Airport">Liverpool Airport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-belt2-178">[173]</a> The green belt was first drawn up in 1983 under Merseyside County Council<a href="#cite_note-179">[174]</a> and the size in the city amounts to 530 hectares (5.3 km2; 2.0 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-180">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demonyms">Demonyms</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scouser">Scouser</h3></div> Since the mid-20th century, Scouser has become the predominant demonym for the inhabitants of Liverpool, and is strongly associated with the <a href="/wiki/Scouse" title="Scouse">Scouse</a> accent and dialect of the city.<a href="#cite_note-JohnBelchamMerseyPride-181">[176]</a> The Scouse accent is described as progressively diverging from the Lancastrian accent in the late 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-182">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-TonyCrowley-186">[181]</a> The etymology of Scouser is derived from the traditional dish <a href="/wiki/Scouse_(food)" title="Scouse (food)">Scouse</a> brought to the area by sailors travelling through Liverpool's port.<a href="#cite_note-187">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-TonyCrowley-186">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-TonyCrowleyBook-188">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_demonyms">Other demonyms</h3></div> Prior to the establishment of Scouser as there have been a number of different terms used to refer to inhabitants of Liverpool of varying popularity and longevity: <ul><li>Liverpoldon (17th century)<a href="#cite_note-189">[184]</a></li> <li>Leeirpooltonian (17th Century)<a href="#cite_note-TonyCrowley-186">[181]</a></li> <li>Liverpolitan (19th century)<a href="#cite_note-190">[185]</a></li> <li>Liverpudlian (19th century to present)<a href="#cite_note-191">[186]</a></li></ul> Professor Tony Crowley argues that up until the 1950s, inhabitants of Liverpool were generally referred to by a number of demonyms. He argues that there was a debate in the mid 20th century between the two rival terms of 'Liverpolitan' and 'Liverpudlian'. The debate surrounded the lexicology of these terms and their connotations of social class.<a href="#cite_note-TonyCrowleyBook-188">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-TonyCrowleyEcho1-192">[187]</a> Professor John Belchem suggests that a series of other nicknames such as 'Dick Liver', 'Dicky Sam' and 'whacker' were used, but gradually fell out of use. Belchem and Philip Boland suggest that comedic radio presenters and entertainers brought the Liverpool identity to a national audience, which in turn encouraged locals to be gradually more known as 'scousers'. By the time that Frank Shaw's My Liverpool, a Celebration of 'Scousetown' was published in 1971, Belchem argues that 'Scouser' had firmly become the dominant demonym.<a href="#cite_note-JohnBelchamMerseyPride-181">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Liverpool" title="Demographics of Liverpool">Demographics of Liverpool</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3></div> <table class="wikitable" id="toc" style="margin-left:2em;" cellspacing="3"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">Historical population of Liverpool (numbers vary by source) Sources:<a href="#cite_note-195">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[200]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Date</td> <td>Population</td> <td>Notes </td></tr> <tr> <td>1207</td> <td></td> <td>Borough of Liverpool founded by <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">John, King of England</a>. The economy was focused on agricultural and food processing, <a href="/wiki/Gristmill" title="Gristmill">grain mills</a> and warehouses until the 16th century. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1272</td> <td>840</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14th century</td> <td>1,000 – 1,200</td> <td>Population roughly 1,000 in 1300. Because Liverpool was a port, it was more at risk from the spread of disease. Townspeople lived partly by farming and fishing. Some were craftsmen or tradesmen such as bakers, brewers, butchers, blacksmiths, and carpenters. A <a href="/wiki/Watermill" title="Watermill">watermill</a> existed to ground grain into flour for the townspeople's bread, and there was a windmill. <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a> wiped out whole families and bodies were buried in a mass grave at <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_and_Saint_Nicholas,_Liverpool" title="Church of Our Lady and Saint Nicholas, Liverpool">St Nicholas's churchyard</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>16th century</td> <td></td> <td>Ireland was still Liverpool's main trading partner. In 1540, a writer said: "Irish merchants come much hither as to a good harbor". He also said there was "good merchandise at Liverpool and much Irish <a href="/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">yarn</a>, that <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> men buy there". Skins and hides were still imported from Ireland. Exports from Liverpool included coal, woolen cloth, knives and leather goods. There were still many fishermen in Liverpool. In the mid 16th century, the town was under the control of the country <a href="/wiki/Gentry" title="Gentry">gentry</a> and trade was slow. The population dropped to below 600, in part due to deaths in the <a href="/wiki/1557_influenza_pandemic" title="1557 influenza pandemic">1558 plague</a> when a third of the townspeople died. Further <a href="/wiki/Second_plague_pandemic" title="Second plague pandemic">plague outbreaks</a> took place in 1609, 1647 and 1650 which led to static or retrogressive population levels. The town was regarded as subordinate to <a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a> until the 1650s. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1600</td> <td><2,000</td> <td>English troops bound for <a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_uprisings" title="List of Irish uprisings">rebellions in Ireland</a> settled in the 16th and early 17th centuries. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1626</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I of England</a> issued new <a href="/wiki/Municipal_charter" title="Municipal charter">Charter</a> for the town. Trade with other cities, Ireland, <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a>, France and Spain increased. Fish and wool was exported to the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">Continent</a>, and wines, iron and other commodities imported. In the following decades, merchants invested in Liverpool and its importance grew. Regular shipping began to America and <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>. Liverpool was controlled by <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">the Crown</a>, the Molyneux and Stanley families. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1642</td> <td>2,500</td> <td>Liverpool overtook <a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a> in exporting coal and salt in early 17th century, especially to Ireland. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1644</td> <td></td> <td>During <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Rupert_of_the_Rhine" title="Prince Rupert of the Rhine">Prince Rupert</a> led a <a href="/wiki/Cavalier" title="Cavalier">royalist</a> army to capture Liverpool. He described the town as a "mere crow's nest which a parcel of boys could take". He stormed <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Castle" title="Liverpool Castle">Liverpool Castle</a> in the 'Siege of Liverpool' with considerable slaughter. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1647</td> <td></td> <td>Liverpool was made a free and independent port, no longer subject to <a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1648</td> <td></td> <td>First recorded cargo from America landed at Liverpool. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Late 17th century</td> <td></td> <td>Liverpool grew rapidly with the growth of <a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">English colonies in North America</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_West_Indies" title="British West Indies">West Indies</a>. Liverpool was well placed to trade across Atlantic Ocean. The writer <a href="/wiki/Celia_Fiennes" title="Celia Fiennes">Celia Fiennes</a> visited Liverpool and said: "Liverpool is built on the <a href="/wiki/River_Mersey" title="River Mersey">River Mersey</a>. It is mostly newly built, of brick and stone after the London fashion. The original (town) was a few fishermen's houses. It has now grown into a large, fine town. It is but one parish with one church though there be 24 streets in it, there is indeed a little chapel and there are a great many dissenters in the town (<a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a> who did not belong to the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>). It's a very rich trading town, the houses are of brick and stone, built high and even so that a street looks very handsome. The streets are well paved. There is an abundance of persons who are well dressed and fashionable. The streets are fair and long. It's London in miniature as much as I ever saw anything. There is a very pretty exchange. It stands on 8 pillars, over which is a very handsome <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Town_Hall" title="Liverpool Town Hall">Town Hall</a>." </td></tr> <tr> <td>1700</td> <td>5,714</td> <td>First recorded Liverpool <a href="/wiki/Slave_ship" title="Slave ship">slave ship</a>, the 'Liverpool Merchant', sold a cargo of 220 <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slaves</a> in Barbados. In the early 1700s, the writer <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defoe" title="Daniel Defoe">Daniel Defoe</a> said: "Liverpool has an opulent, flourishing and increasing trade to <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> and English colonies in America. They trade around the whole island (of Great Britain), send ships to <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, and to the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic</a> as also to <a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Holland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a> (roughly modern <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>)." <a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a> people in search of work and opportunity made up a large amount of population in early 18th century. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1715</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Old_Dock" title="Old Dock">World's first wet dock</a> opened in Liverpool, symbolising a new era in the town's growth, the starting point of the 18th century boom in Liverpool's fortunes. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1720s</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Castle" title="Liverpool Castle">Liverpool Castle</a> demolished (built in the 1230s) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1750</td> <td>20,000</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1795</td> <td></td> <td>Influx of Irish, <a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a>, Scandinavian and <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a> communities grew the town rapidly. Most of the population were not native to Liverpool. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1797</td> <td>77,708</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1801</td> <td>77,000 – 85,000</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1811</td> <td>94,376</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1821</td> <td>118,972</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1831</td> <td>165,175</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1835</td> <td></td> <td>Boundary of Liverpool expanded to include <a href="/wiki/Everton,_Liverpool" title="Everton, Liverpool">Everton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirkdale,_Liverpool" title="Kirkdale, Liverpool">Kirkdale</a> and parts of <a href="/wiki/Toxteth" title="Toxteth">Toxteth</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Derby" title="West Derby">West Derby</a>. Liverpool was second only to London in importance. Poor, overcrowded and unsanitary living conditions led to disease and epidemics of <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> in 1830s to 1860s. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1841</td> <td>286,487</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1851</td> <td>375,955</td> <td>At the height of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Ireland)" title="Great Famine (Ireland)">Great Famine in Ireland</a>, Liverpool's <a href="/wiki/Irish_people_in_Great_Britain" title="Irish people in Great Britain">Irish born population</a> peaked to about 83,000–90,000. 43,000 were settled in the area around the docks. More Irish people lived in Liverpool than the majority of <a href="/wiki/Historical_population_of_Ireland" title="Historical population of Ireland">Irish towns</a>. 40% of the world's trade was passing through <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Liverpool" title="Port of Liverpool">Liverpool's docks</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1861</td> <td>413,000 – 462,749</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1871</td> <td>493,405 – 539,248</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1880</td> <td></td> <td>Liverpool officially <a href="/wiki/History_of_Liverpool" title="History of Liverpool">became a city</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1881</td> <td>552,508 – 648,616</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1891</td> <td>617,032 – 644,243</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1895</td> <td></td> <td>Boundary of Liverpool expanded to include <a href="/wiki/Wavertree" title="Wavertree">Wavertree</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walton,_Liverpool" title="Walton, Liverpool">Walton</a>, and parts of <a href="/wiki/Toxteth" title="Toxteth">Toxteth</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Derby" title="West Derby">West Derby</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1901</td> <td>684,958 – 711,030</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1902</td> <td></td> <td>Boundary of Liverpool expanded to include <a href="/wiki/Garston,_Liverpool" title="Garston, Liverpool">Garston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aigburth" title="Aigburth">Aigburth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grassendale_and_Cressington_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Grassendale and Cressington (Liverpool ward)">Cressington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grassendale" title="Grassendale">Grassendale</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1904</td> <td></td> <td>Boundary of Liverpool expanded to include <a href="/wiki/Fazakerley" title="Fazakerley">Fazakerley</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1907</td> <td>746,144</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1911</td> <td>746,421 – 766,044</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1913</td> <td></td> <td>Boundary of Liverpool expanded to include <a href="/wiki/Woolton" title="Woolton">Woolton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gateacre" title="Gateacre">Gateacre</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1921</td> <td>805,046 – 821,000</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1931</td> <td>855,688</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1937</td> <td>867,000</td> <td>The highest recorded population of Liverpool <a href="/wiki/City_proper" title="City proper">city proper</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1941</td> <td>806,271</td> <td>Liverpool's population fell in the following decades, largely due to the <a href="/wiki/New_towns_movement" title="New towns movement">new towns movement</a> and the British government's policy to displace thousands of people from major British cities (including Central Liverpool) to various <a href="/wiki/New_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="New towns in the United Kingdom">new towns</a> within the region such as <a href="/wiki/Kirkby" title="Kirkby">Kirkby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skelmersdale" title="Skelmersdale">Skelmersdale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Runcorn" title="Runcorn">Runcorn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warrington" title="Warrington">Warrington</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1951</td> <td>765,641 – 768,337</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961</td> <td>683,133 – 737,637</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971</td> <td>595,252 – 607,454</td> <td>Suburbanisation into neighbouring local authorities continues. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981</td> <td>492,164 – 503,726</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991</td> <td>448,629 – 480,196</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001</td> <td>439,428 – 439,476</td> <td>Liverpool's population steadily increased again, partly attributed to a rise in students, student accommodation, young professionals, and increased job opportunities through <a href="/wiki/Urban_renewal" title="Urban renewal">urban regeneration</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td>466,415</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021</td> <td>486,100</td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_city">The city</h4></div> The city of Liverpool is at the core of a much larger and more populous <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a>, however, at the most recent <a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">UK Census in 2021</a>, the area governed by <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Council" title="Liverpool City Council">Liverpool City Council</a> had a population of 486,100, a 4.2% increase from the previous <a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_census" title="2011 United Kingdom census">Census in 2011</a>. This figure increased to 500,500 people by 2022, according to data from Liverpool City Council. Taking in to account how <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_England" title="Local government in England">local government</a> is organised within the cities and metropolitan areas of England, the Liverpool was the fifth largest of England's <a href="/wiki/Core_Cities_Group" title="Core Cities Group">'core cities'</a> and had the second overall highest population density of those, by 2021.<a href="#cite_note-206">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[202]</a> The population of the city has steadily risen since the <a href="/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_census" title="2001 United Kingdom census">2001 Census</a>. As well as having a growing population, the population density also grew at the 2021 Census compared to the previous Census. Since 2011, its population size ranked 10th out of 309 local authority areas.<a href="#cite_note-208">[203]</a> The population of the city is comparatively younger than that of England as a whole. Family life in the city is also growing at odds with the North West England region as a whole: At the 2021 Census, the percentage of households including a couple without children increased in Liverpool, but fell across the North West. The percentage of people aged 16 years and over (excluding full-time students) who were employed also increased in Liverpool compared to the overall North West region where it fell. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Asian_Tourists_at_Quayside_-_Albert_Dock_-_Liverpool_-_England_(28033157252).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Asian_Tourists_at_Quayside_-_Albert_Dock_-_Liverpool_-_England_%2828033157252%29.jpg/220px-Asian_Tourists_at_Quayside_-_Albert_Dock_-_Liverpool_-_England_%2828033157252%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Asian_Tourists_at_Quayside_-_Albert_Dock_-_Liverpool_-_England_%2828033157252%29.jpg/330px-Asian_Tourists_at_Quayside_-_Albert_Dock_-_Liverpool_-_England_%2828033157252%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Asian_Tourists_at_Quayside_-_Albert_Dock_-_Liverpool_-_England_%2828033157252%29.jpg/440px-Asian_Tourists_at_Quayside_-_Albert_Dock_-_Liverpool_-_England_%2828033157252%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Liverpool's <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">ethnic</a> and international population is growing. More people in the city identified as <a href="/wiki/British_Asians" title="British Asians">Asian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">most recent census</a>, compared to the previous census.</figcaption></figure> The 2021 Census also showed that Liverpool's <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">ethnic</a> and international population was growing. The number of residents in the city born outside of England has increased since the previous Census, while the number of residents who did not identify with any <a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">national identity associated with the UK</a> has also increased at a faster rate than England as a whole. The overall share of the city's population who identified as <a href="/wiki/British_Asians" title="British Asians">Asian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black</a> increased, while the percentage who identified as <a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="White people in the United Kingdom">white</a> decreased in the city compared with previous Census.<a href="#cite_note-2021lifechange-209">[204]</a> It has been argued that the city can claim to have one of the strongest <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish heritages</a> in the United Kingdom, with as many as 75 percent (estimated) of Liverpool's population with some form of <a href="/wiki/Irish_people_in_Great_Britain" title="Irish people in Great Britain">Irish ancestry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-210">[205]</a> The growing population of Liverpool in the 21st century reverses a trend which took place between the 1930s and 2001, when the population of the <a href="/wiki/City_proper" title="City proper">city proper</a> effectively halved. At the <a href="/wiki/1931_United_Kingdom_census" title="1931 United Kingdom census">1931 United Kingdom census</a>, Liverpool's population reached an all-time high of 846,302. Following this peak, in response to central government policy, the Council authority of Liverpool then built and owned large several <a href="/wiki/New_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="New towns in the United Kingdom">'new town'</a> <a href="/wiki/Public_housing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Public housing in the United Kingdom">council estates</a> in the suburbs within Liverpool's metropolitan area. Tens of thousands of people were systematically relocated to new housing in areas such as <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Halton" title="Borough of Halton">Halton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Knowsley" title="Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley">Knowsley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_St_Helens" title="Metropolitan Borough of St Helens">St Helens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Sefton" title="Metropolitan Borough of Sefton">Sefton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Wirral" title="Metropolitan Borough of Wirral">Wirral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheshire_West_and_Chester" title="Cheshire West and Chester">Cheshire West and Chester</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Lancashire" title="West Lancashire">West Lancashire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warrington" title="Warrington">Warrington</a> and as far as <a href="/wiki/North_Wales" title="North Wales">North Wales</a>. Such a mass relocation and population loss during this time was common practice for many British cities, including London and <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, In contrast, satellite towns such as <a href="/wiki/Kirkby" title="Kirkby">Kirkby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skelmersdale" title="Skelmersdale">Skelmersdale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Runcorn" title="Runcorn">Runcorn</a> saw a corresponding rise in their populations (Kirkby being the fastest growing town in Britain during the 1960s).<a href="#cite_note-211">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-2021lifechange-209">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[208]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Urban_and_metropolitan_area">Urban and metropolitan area</h4></div> Liverpool is typically grouped with the wider <a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a> (plus <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Halton" title="Borough of Halton">Halton</a>) area for the purpose of defining its metropolitan footprint, and there are several methodologies. Sometimes, this metropolitan area is broadened to encompass urban settlements in the neighbouring counties of <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-214">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[210]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a> in the United Kingdom uses the international standardised <a href="/wiki/International_Territorial_Level" title="International Territorial Level">International Territorial Levels (ITLs)</a> to divide up the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economy of the United Kingdom">economic territory of the UK</a>. This enables the ONS to calculate regional and local statistics and data. The ONS uses a series of codes to identify these areas. In order of hierarchy from largest area to smallest area, Liverpool is part of the following regions:<a href="#cite_note-216">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[213]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="ITL_1_region">ITL 1 region</h5></div> <a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West England</a> (code TLD) At the 2021 Census, the ITL 1 region of North West England had a usual resident population of 7,417,300.<a href="#cite_note-219">[214]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="ITL_2_region">ITL 2 region</h5></div> <a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a> (code TLD7) The ITL 2 region of Merseyside is defined as the area comprising East Merseyside (TLD71) plus Liverpool (TLD72), <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Sefton" title="Metropolitan Borough of Sefton">Sefton</a> (TLD73) and <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Wirral" title="Metropolitan Borough of Wirral">Wirral</a> (TLD74). At the 2021 Census, the population of this area was as follows:<a href="#cite_note-220">[215]</a> East Merseyside (TLD71): <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Halton" title="Borough of Halton">Halton</a> = 128,200</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Knowsley" title="Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley">Knowsley</a> = 154,500</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_St_Helens" title="Metropolitan Borough of St Helens">St. Helens</a> = 183,200</li></ul> Liverpool (TLD72) = 486,100 <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Sefton" title="Metropolitan Borough of Sefton">Sefton</a> (TLD73) = 279,300 <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Wirral" title="Metropolitan Borough of Wirral">Wirral</a> (TLD74) = 320,200 Therefore, the total population of the ITL 2 Merseyside region was 1,551,500 based on the 2021 Census. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="ITL_3_region">ITL 3 region</h5></div> The smallest ITL 3 area classed as Liverpool (code TLD72), therefore, had a population of 486,100 at the 2021 Census. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Other_definitions">Other definitions</h5></div> At the 2021 Census, the ONS used a refreshed concept of built-up areas (BUAs) based on the physical built environment, using <a href="/wiki/Satellite_imagery" title="Satellite imagery">satellite imagery</a> to recognise developed land, such as cities, towns, and villages. This allows the ONS to investigate economic and social statistics based on actual settlements where most people live. Data from the 2021 Census is not directly comparable with <a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_census" title="2011 United Kingdom census">2011 Census</a> data due to this revised methodology. Using the population figures of BUAs at the 2021 Census (excluding London), <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Built-up_Area" title="Liverpool Built-up Area">Liverpool Built-up Area</a> is the third largest in England with some 506,565 usual residents (behind only <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>). Liverpool's built-up area is, therefore, larger than the major English cities of <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>, Manchester, <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a>.<a href="#cite_note-221">[216]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_city_region.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Liverpool_city_region.png/220px-Liverpool_city_region.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Liverpool_city_region.png/330px-Liverpool_city_region.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Liverpool_city_region.png/440px-Liverpool_city_region.png 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the six boroughs of <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Region" title="Liverpool City Region">Liverpool City Region</a>: the 4th largest <a href="/wiki/Combined_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined authority">combined authority</a> area in England.</figcaption></figure> Excluding London, the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Region" title="Liverpool City Region">Liverpool City Region</a> was the 4th largest <a href="/wiki/Combined_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined authority">combined authority</a> area in England, by 2021. The population is approximately 1.6 million. The Liverpool City Region is a political and economic partnership between local authorities including <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Council" title="Liverpool City Council">Liverpool</a>, plus the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">Metropolitan boroughs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Knowsley" title="Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley">Knowsley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Sefton" title="Metropolitan Borough of Sefton">Sefton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_St_Helens" title="Metropolitan Borough of St Helens">St Helens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Wirral" title="Metropolitan Borough of Wirral">Wirral</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Halton" title="Borough of Halton">Borough of Halton</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Region_Combined_Authority" title="Liverpool City Region Combined Authority">Liverpool City Region Combined Authority</a> exercises strategic governance powers for the region in many areas. The economic data of the Liverpool city region is of particular policy interest to the <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a>, particularly as the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">British Government</a> continuously explores the potential to negotiate increased <a href="/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">devolved powers</a> for each combined authority area.<a href="#cite_note-222">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[220]</a> A 2011 report, Liverpool City Region – Building on its Strengths, by <a href="/wiki/Lord_Heseltine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Heseltine">Lord Heseltine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Terry_Leahy" title="Terry Leahy">Terry Leahy</a>, stated that "what is now called Liverpool City Region has a population of around 1.5 million", but also referred to "an urban region that spreads from <a href="/wiki/Wrexham" title="Wrexham">Wrexham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flintshire" title="Flintshire">Flintshire</a> to <a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warrington" title="Warrington">Warrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Lancashire" title="West Lancashire">West Lancashire</a> and across to <a href="/wiki/Southport" title="Southport">Southport</a>", with a population of 2.3 million.<a href="#cite_note-226">[221]</a> In 2006, in an attempt to harmonise the series of metropolitan areas across the European Union, ESPON (now <a href="/wiki/European_Observation_Network_for_Territorial_Development_and_Cohesion" title="European Observation Network for Territorial Development and Cohesion">European Observation Network for Territorial Development and Cohesion</a>) released a study defining a "<a href="/wiki/ESPON_metropolitan_areas_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="ESPON metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom">Liverpool/Birkenhead Metropolitan area</a>" with an estimated population of 2,241,000 people. The metro area comprised a functional urban area consisting of a contiguous urban sprawl, labour pool, and commuter <a href="/wiki/Travel_to_work_area" title="Travel to work area">Travel to work areas</a>. The analysis defined this metropolitan area as Liverpool itself, combined with the surrounding areas of <a href="/wiki/Birkenhead" title="Birkenhead">Birkenhead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wigan" title="Wigan">Wigan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ashton-in-Makerfield" title="Ashton-in-Makerfield">Ashton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warrington" title="Warrington">Warrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Widnes" title="Widnes">Widnes</a>/<a href="/wiki/Runcorn" title="Runcorn">Runcorn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southport" title="Southport">Southport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ellesmere_Port" title="Ellesmere Port">Ellesmere Port</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ormskirk" title="Ormskirk">Ormskirk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skelmersdale" title="Skelmersdale">Skelmersdale</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ESPON_project-227">[222]</a> Liverpool and Manchester are sometimes considered as one large polynuclear metropolitan area,<a href="#cite_note-228">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[225]</a> or <a href="/wiki/Megalopolis_(city_type)" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalopolis (city type)">megalopolis</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3></div> In recent decades, Liverpool's population is becoming more multicultural. According to the 2021 census, 77% of all Liverpool residents described their ethnic group as White English, Welsh, Scottish, Northern Irish or British. The remaining 23% were described as non-White English/British. Between 2011 and 2021, there was population growth across all ethnic groups, except 'White English/British' and 'Any Other', where there were overall losses. The number of 'Other White residents' in Liverpool also increased by almost 12,000 people, with notable increases in the 'Other Asian', 'Arab', and 'Other Mixed/Multiple' population categories. The non-White English/British population as a percentage of the total population across the <a href="/wiki/2023_Liverpool_City_Council_election" title="2023 Liverpool City Council election">'newly organised city electoral wards'</a> ranged from 5% in the <a href="/wiki/Orrell_Park_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Orrell Park (Liverpool ward)">Orrell Park</a> ward to 69% in the <a href="/wiki/Princes_Park_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Princes Park (Liverpool ward)"> Princes Park</a> ward. 9 out of 10 Liverpool residents regarded English as their main language. The highest non-English languages in the city were <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> (5,743 main speakers) followed by <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> (4,809 main speakers). Overall, almost 45,000 residents had a main language that was not English.<a href="#cite_note-2021ethnicity-231">[226]</a> <table class="wikitable" id="toc" style="float:right; margin-left:2em; width:40%; cellspacing="> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">Ethnic breakdown in Liverpool – (<a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">UK Census 2021</a>)<a href="#cite_note-232">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-2021ethnicity-231">[226]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">Ethnic group</a></td> <td>Population</td> <td>Percentage </td></tr> <tr> <td>White: English, Welsh, Scottish, Northern Irish or British</td> <td>375,785</td> <td>77.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>White: Other White</td> <td>24,162</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black, Black British, Black Welsh, Caribbean or African: African</td> <td>12,709</td> <td>2.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh: Chinese</td> <td>8,841</td> <td>1.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other ethnic group: Arab</td> <td>8,312</td> <td>1.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other ethnic group: Any other ethnic group</td> <td>7,722</td> <td>1.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh: Other Asian</td> <td>7,085</td> <td>1.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>White: Irish</td> <td>6,826</td> <td>1.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh: Indian</td> <td>6,251</td> <td>1.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed or multiple ethnic groups: Other mixed or multiple ethnic groups</td> <td>4,934</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed or multiple ethnic groups: White and Black African</td> <td>4,157</td> <td>0.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed or multiple ethnic groups: White and Black Caribbean</td> <td>4,127</td> <td>0.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh: Pakistani</td> <td>3,673</td> <td>0.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed or multiple ethnic groups: White and Asian</td> <td>3,662</td> <td>0.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black, Black British, Black Welsh, Caribbean or African: Other Black</td> <td>2,762</td> <td>0.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh: Bangladeshi</td> <td>1,917</td> <td>0.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black, Black British, Black Welsh, Caribbean or African: Caribbean</td> <td>1,493</td> <td>0.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>White: Roma</td> <td>1,169</td> <td>0.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller</td> <td>501</td> <td>0.1 </td></tr></tbody></table> According to a 2014 survey, the ten most popular surnames of Liverpool and their occurrence in the population are:<a href="#cite_note-233">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[229]</a> <dl><dd>1. Jones – 23,012</dd> <dd>2. Smith – 16,276</dd> <dd>3. Williams – 13,997</dd> <dd>4. Davies – 10,149</dd> <dd>5. Hughes – 9,787</dd> <dd>6. Roberts – 9,571</dd> <dd>7. Taylor – 8,219</dd> <dd>8. Johnson – 6,715</dd> <dd>9. Brown – 6,603</dd> <dd>10. Murphy – 6,495</dd></dl> Liverpool is home to Britain's oldest <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">Black</a> community, dating to at least the 1730s. Some Liverpudlians can trace their black ancestry in the city back ten generations.<a href="#cite_note-235">[230]</a> Early Black settlers in the city included seamen, the children of traders sent to be educated, and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_slave_trade" title="Liverpool slave trade">freed slaves</a>, since slaves entering the country after 1722 were deemed free men.<a href="#cite_note-McIntyre-Brown-236">[231]</a> Since the 20th century, Liverpool is also noted for its large <a href="/wiki/British_African-Caribbean_people" title="British African-Caribbean people">African-Caribbean</a>,<a href="#cite_note-2021_Nomis-4">[4]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ghanaians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ghanaians in the United Kingdom">Ghanaian</a>,<a href="#cite_note-IOMGhanaians-237">[232]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Somalis_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Somalis in the United Kingdom">Somali</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[233]</a> communities, formed of more recent African-descended immigrants and their subsequent generations. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_Arch,_Nelson_Street,_Liverpool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4894314.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Chinese_Arch%2C_Nelson_Street%2C_Liverpool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4894314.jpg/220px-Chinese_Arch%2C_Nelson_Street%2C_Liverpool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4894314.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Chinese_Arch%2C_Nelson_Street%2C_Liverpool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4894314.jpg/330px-Chinese_Arch%2C_Nelson_Street%2C_Liverpool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4894314.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Chinese_Arch%2C_Nelson_Street%2C_Liverpool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4894314.jpg/440px-Chinese_Arch%2C_Nelson_Street%2C_Liverpool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4894314.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Liverpool has the oldest <a href="/wiki/British_Chinese" title="British Chinese">Chinese community</a> in Europe and the largest <a href="/wiki/Paifang" title="Paifang">Chinese arch</a> outside China.</figcaption></figure> The city is also home to the oldest <a href="/wiki/British_Chinese" title="British Chinese">Chinese community</a> in Europe; the first residents of the city's <a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Liverpool" title="Chinatown, Liverpool">Chinatown</a> arrived as seamen in the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-Chinese-239">[234]</a> The traditional Chinese gateway erected in Liverpool's Chinatown is the largest such gateway outside China. Liverpool also has a long-standing <a href="/wiki/Filipinos" title="Filipinos">Filipino</a> community. <a href="/wiki/Lita_Roza" title="Lita Roza">Lita Roza</a>, a singer from Liverpool who was the first woman to achieve a UK number one hit, had Filipino ancestry. The city is also known for its large <a href="/wiki/Irish_people_in_Great_Britain" title="Irish people in Great Britain">Irish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a> populations.<a href="#cite_note-IrishWelsh-240">[235]</a> In 1813, 10 per cent of Liverpool's population was Welsh, leading to the city becoming known as "the capital of <a href="/wiki/North_Wales" title="North Wales">North Wales</a>."<a href="#cite_note-IrishWelsh-240">[235]</a> During, and in the decades following, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Ireland)" title="Great Famine (Ireland)">Great Irish Famine</a> in the mid-19th century, up to two million Irish people travelled to Liverpool within one decade, with many subsequently departing for the United States.<a href="#cite_note-241">[236]</a> By 1851, more than 20 per cent of the population of Liverpool was Irish.<a href="#cite_note-242">[237]</a> At the 2001 Census, 1.17 per cent of the population were Welsh-born and 0.75 per cent were born in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>, while 0.54 per cent were born in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CoB-243">[238]</a> but many more Liverpudlians are of legacy Welsh or Irish ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-244">[239]</a> Other contemporary ethnicities include <a href="/wiki/British_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Indian">Indian</a>,<a href="#cite_note-2021_Nomis-4">[4]</a> <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_migration_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="Latin American migration to the United Kingdom">Latin American</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Latin_American_Liverpool-245">[240]</a> <a href="/wiki/Malaysians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Malaysians in the United Kingdom">Malaysian</a>,<a href="#cite_note-IOMMalaysians-246">[241]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yemenis_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Yemenis in the United Kingdom">Yemeni</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Yemenis-247">[242]</a> communities, which number several thousand each. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ccc"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion of Liverpool residents, 2021</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Christian</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#ccf; width:57.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">57.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">No religion</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#ccf; width:29.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">29.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Religion not stated</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#ccf; width:5.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">5.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Muslim</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#ccf; width:5.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">5.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Hindu</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#ccf; width:0.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Buddhist</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#ccf; width:0.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Any other religion</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#ccf; width:0.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Jewish</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#ccf; width:0.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Sikh</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#ccf; width:0.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.1%</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="5" style="padding:5px; text-align:left;">Source: 2021 census<a href="#cite_note-248">[243]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:148px;max-width:148px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpoolcityskyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Liverpoolcityskyline.jpg/146px-Liverpoolcityskyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Liverpoolcityskyline.jpg/219px-Liverpoolcityskyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Liverpoolcityskyline.jpg/292px-Liverpoolcityskyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="752" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Cathedral" title="Liverpool Cathedral">Liverpool Anglican Cathedral</a>, one of the largest cathedrals in the world</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_RC_Cathedral_(7169062078).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Liverpool_RC_Cathedral_%287169062078%29.jpg/138px-Liverpool_RC_Cathedral_%287169062078%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Liverpool_RC_Cathedral_%287169062078%29.jpg/207px-Liverpool_RC_Cathedral_%287169062078%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Liverpool_RC_Cathedral_%287169062078%29.jpg/276px-Liverpool_RC_Cathedral_%287169062078%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral" title="Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral">Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral of Christ the King</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:101px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Al-Rahma_Mosque,_Liverpool_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Al-Rahma_Mosque%2C_Liverpool_2020.jpg/145px-Al-Rahma_Mosque%2C_Liverpool_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Al-Rahma_Mosque%2C_Liverpool_2020.jpg/218px-Al-Rahma_Mosque%2C_Liverpool_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Al-Rahma_Mosque%2C_Liverpool_2020.jpg/290px-Al-Rahma_Mosque%2C_Liverpool_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4877" data-file-height="3400" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Al-Rahma_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Rahma Mosque">Al-Rahma Mosque</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Toxteth" title="Toxteth">Toxteth</a> area of Liverpool</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:141px;max-width:141px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:101px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Synagogue_of_the_Liverpool_Old_Hebrew_Congregation_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1703408_crop.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/The_Synagogue_of_the_Liverpool_Old_Hebrew_Congregation_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1703408_crop.JPG/139px-The_Synagogue_of_the_Liverpool_Old_Hebrew_Congregation_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1703408_crop.JPG" decoding="async" width="139" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/The_Synagogue_of_the_Liverpool_Old_Hebrew_Congregation_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1703408_crop.JPG/209px-The_Synagogue_of_the_Liverpool_Old_Hebrew_Congregation_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1703408_crop.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/The_Synagogue_of_the_Liverpool_Old_Hebrew_Congregation_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1703408_crop.JPG/278px-The_Synagogue_of_the_Liverpool_Old_Hebrew_Congregation_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1703408_crop.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2732" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Princes_Road_Synagogue" title="Princes Road Synagogue">Princes Road Synagogue</a>, Toxteth</div></div></div></div></div> The thousands of migrants and sailors passing through Liverpool resulted in a religious diversity that is still apparent today. This is reflected in the equally diverse collection of religious buildings,<a href="#cite_note-249">[244]</a> including two Christian cathedrals. Liverpool is known to be England's 'most Catholic city', with a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> population much larger than in other parts of England.<a href="#cite_note-Sectarianism_in_England-250">[245]</a> This is mainly due to high historic Irish migration to the city and their descendants since.<a href="#cite_note-251">[246]</a> The parish church of Liverpool is the Anglican <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_and_Saint_Nicholas,_Liverpool" title="Church of Our Lady and Saint Nicholas, Liverpool">Our Lady and St Nicholas</a>, colloquially known as "the sailors church", which has existed near the waterfront since 1257. It regularly plays host to <a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Catholic masses</a>. Other notable churches include the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_St_Nicholas" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Church of St Nicholas">Greek Orthodox Church of St Nicholas</a> (built in the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Byzantine_architecture" title="Neo-Byzantine architecture">Neo-Byzantine architecture</a> style), and the <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Adolf_Church,_Liverpool" title="Gustav Adolf Church, Liverpool">Gustav Adolf Church</a> (the Swedish Seamen's Church, reminiscent of Nordic styles). Liverpool's wealth as a port city enabled the construction of two enormous cathedrals in the 20th century. The <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Cathedral" title="Liverpool Cathedral">Anglican Cathedral</a>, which was designed by <a href="/wiki/Giles_Gilbert_Scott" title="Giles Gilbert Scott">Sir Giles Gilbert Scott</a> and plays host to the annual <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Shakespeare_Festival" title="Liverpool Shakespeare Festival">Liverpool Shakespeare Festival</a>, has one of the longest <a href="/wiki/Nave" title="Nave">naves</a>, largest organs and heaviest and highest peals of bells in the world. The Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral" title="Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral">Metropolitan Cathedral</a>, on Mount Pleasant next to <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Science_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool Science Park">Liverpool Science Park</a>, was initially planned to be even larger. Of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Edwin_Lutyens" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Edwin Lutyens">Sir Edwin Lutyens</a>'s original design, only the crypt was completed. The cathedral was eventually built to a simpler design by <a href="/wiki/Sir_Frederick_Gibberd" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Frederick Gibberd">Sir Frederick Gibberd</a>. While this is on a smaller scale than Lutyens' original design, it still incorporates the largest panel of <a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">stained glass</a> in the world. The road running between the two cathedrals is called <a href="/wiki/Hope_Street,_Liverpool" title="Hope Street, Liverpool">Hope Street</a>. The cathedral has long been colloquially referred to as "Paddy's Wigwam" due to its shape.<a href="#cite_note-252">[247]</a> Liverpool contains several synagogues, of which the Grade I listed <a href="/wiki/Moorish_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Moorish Revival">Moorish Revival</a> <a href="/wiki/Princes_Road_Synagogue" title="Princes Road Synagogue">Princes Road Synagogue</a> is architecturally the most notable. Princes Road is widely considered to be the most magnificent of Britain's <a href="/wiki/Moorish_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Moorish Revival">Moorish Revival</a> synagogues and one of the finest buildings in Liverpool.<a href="#cite_note-253">[248]</a> Liverpool has a thriving <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish community</a> with a further two <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">orthodox</a> Synagogues, one in the <a href="/wiki/Allerton,_Liverpool" title="Allerton, Liverpool">Allerton</a> district of the city and a second in the Childwall district of the city where a significant Jewish community reside. A third orthodox Synagogue in the <a href="/wiki/Greenbank_Park" title="Greenbank Park">Greenbank Park</a> area of L17 has recently closed and is a listed 1930s structure. There is also a <a href="/wiki/Lubavitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Lubavitch">Lubavitch</a> <a href="/wiki/Chabad_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Chabad House">Chabad House</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">reform Synagogue</a>. Liverpool has had a Jewish community since the mid-18th century. The Jewish population of Liverpool is around 5,000.<a href="#cite_note-254">[249]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Talmudical_College" title="Liverpool Talmudical College">Liverpool Talmudical College</a> existed from 1914 until 1990, when its classes moved to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_communities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of Jewish communities in the United Kingdom">Childwall Synagogue</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Liverpool also has a <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> community, with a <a href="/wiki/Mandir" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandir">Mandir</a> on <a href="/wiki/Edge_Lane" title="Edge Lane">Edge Lane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edge_Hill,_Merseyside" class="mw-redirect" title="Edge Hill, Merseyside">Edge Hill</a>. The Shri Radha Krishna Temple from the Hindu Cultural Organisation in Liverpool is located there.<a href="#cite_note-255">[250]</a> Liverpool also has the <a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a> <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> <a href="/wiki/Gurdwara" title="Gurdwara">Gurdwara</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wavertree" title="Wavertree">Wavertree</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[251]</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí</a> Centre in the same area.<a href="#cite_note-257">[252]</a> The city had the earliest Mosque in England and possibly the UK, founded in 1887 by <a href="/wiki/William_Abdullah_Quilliam" class="mw-redirect" title="William Abdullah Quilliam">William Abdullah Quilliam</a>, a lawyer who had converted to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> who set up the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Muslim_Institute" title="Liverpool Muslim Institute">Liverpool Muslim Institute</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Terraced_house" title="Terraced house">terraced house</a> on West Derby Road.<a href="#cite_note-258">[253]</a> Apart from the first mosque in England which now houses a museum,<a href="#cite_note-259">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[255]</a> the largest and main one, <a href="/wiki/Al-Rahma_mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Rahma mosque">Al-Rahma mosque</a>, was also the third purpose-built mosque in the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-261">[256]</a> The second largest mosque in Liverpool is the Masjid Al-Taiseer.<a href="#cite_note-262">[257]</a> Other mosques in the city include the Bait ul Lateef Ahmadiyya Mosque,<a href="#cite_note-263">[258]</a> Hamza Center (Community Center),<a href="#cite_note-264">[259]</a> Islamic community centre,<a href="#cite_note-265">[260]</a> Liverpool Mosque and Islamic Institute,<a href="#cite_note-266">[261]</a> Liverpool Towhid Centre,<a href="#cite_note-267">[262]</a> Masjid Annour,<a href="#cite_note-268">[263]</a> and the Shah Jalal Mosque.<a href="#cite_note-269">[264]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Liverpool" title="Economy of Liverpool">Economy of Liverpool</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_city_centre#Headquarters_and_major_offices" title="Liverpool city centre">Liverpool city centre § Headquarters and major offices</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Liverpool" title="Category:Companies based in Liverpool">Category:Companies based in Liverpool</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_based_in_Liverpool" title="Category:Manufacturing companies based in Liverpool">Category:Manufacturing companies based in Liverpool</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_and_region">City and region</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_Skyline_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Liverpool_Skyline_2023.jpg/350px-Liverpool_Skyline_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Liverpool_Skyline_2023.jpg/525px-Liverpool_Skyline_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Liverpool_Skyline_2023.jpg/700px-Liverpool_Skyline_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1819" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption>Liverpool is a major component of the third largest regional economy in the United Kingdom. Important sectors in the city include the <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_economy" title="Knowledge economy">knowledge economy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maritime_transport" title="Maritime transport">maritime industry</a>, tourism, <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Liverpool" title="Culture of Liverpool">culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hospitality_industry" title="Hospitality industry">hospitality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_industry" title="Healthcare industry">healthcare industry</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_life_sciences" title="List of life sciences">life sciences</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Creative_industries" title="Creative industries">creative</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_economy" title="Digital economy">digital sectors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-270">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[267]</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:169px;max-width:169px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:125px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_Liverpool_(2023).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Central_Liverpool_%282023%29.jpg/167px-Central_Liverpool_%282023%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Central_Liverpool_%282023%29.jpg/251px-Central_Liverpool_%282023%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Central_Liverpool_%282023%29.jpg/334px-Central_Liverpool_%282023%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4624" data-file-height="3468" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_Liverpool" title="List of tallest buildings and structures in Liverpool">Liverpool skyline</a> showing the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_city_centre" title="Liverpool city centre">Commercial District</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:169px;max-width:169px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:125px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_One_(36503692576).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Liverpool_One_%2836503692576%29.jpg/167px-Liverpool_One_%2836503692576%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Liverpool_One_%2836503692576%29.jpg/251px-Liverpool_One_%2836503692576%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Liverpool_One_%2836503692576%29.jpg/334px-Liverpool_One_%2836503692576%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Liverpool is one of the top <a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_centres_in_the_United_Kingdom_by_size" title="List of shopping centres in the United Kingdom by size">retail destinations</a> in the UK</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:102px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_School_Tropical_Medical_School_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Liverpool_School_Tropical_Medical_School_2.JPG/137px-Liverpool_School_Tropical_Medical_School_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="137" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Liverpool_School_Tropical_Medical_School_2.JPG/206px-Liverpool_School_Tropical_Medical_School_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Liverpool_School_Tropical_Medical_School_2.JPG/274px-Liverpool_School_Tropical_Medical_School_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Quarter,_Liverpool" title="Knowledge Quarter, Liverpool">Knowledge Quarter</a>, Liverpool hosts globally significant institutions</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:199px;max-width:199px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:102px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Range_Rover_Evoque_SD4_4WD_Prestige_%E2%80%93_Frontansicht,_12._Juli_2014,_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Range_Rover_Evoque_SD4_4WD_Prestige_%E2%80%93_Frontansicht%2C_12._Juli_2014%2C_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg/197px-Range_Rover_Evoque_SD4_4WD_Prestige_%E2%80%93_Frontansicht%2C_12._Juli_2014%2C_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg" decoding="async" width="197" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Range_Rover_Evoque_SD4_4WD_Prestige_%E2%80%93_Frontansicht%2C_12._Juli_2014%2C_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg/296px-Range_Rover_Evoque_SD4_4WD_Prestige_%E2%80%93_Frontansicht%2C_12._Juli_2014%2C_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Range_Rover_Evoque_SD4_4WD_Prestige_%E2%80%93_Frontansicht%2C_12._Juli_2014%2C_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg/394px-Range_Rover_Evoque_SD4_4WD_Prestige_%E2%80%93_Frontansicht%2C_12._Juli_2014%2C_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3462" data-file-height="1807" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Evoque" title="Range Rover Evoque">Range Rover Evoque</a> is manufactured at <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover_Halewood" title="Jaguar Land Rover Halewood">Jaguar Land Rover Halewood</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:119px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Encounter_and_Sara_Borchard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Encounter_and_Sara_Borchard.jpg/175px-Encounter_and_Sara_Borchard.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Encounter_and_Sara_Borchard.jpg/263px-Encounter_and_Sara_Borchard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Encounter_and_Sara_Borchard.jpg/350px-Encounter_and_Sara_Borchard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2732" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Liverpool" title="Port of Liverpool">Port of Liverpool</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_in_Great_Britain" title="List of ports in Great Britain">4th largest port in the UK</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:161px;max-width:161px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:119px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Exchange_Flags,_Liverpool_(2023).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Exchange_Flags%2C_Liverpool_%282023%29.jpg/159px-Exchange_Flags%2C_Liverpool_%282023%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Exchange_Flags%2C_Liverpool_%282023%29.jpg/239px-Exchange_Flags%2C_Liverpool_%282023%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Exchange_Flags%2C_Liverpool_%282023%29.jpg/318px-Exchange_Flags%2C_Liverpool_%282023%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1215" data-file-height="911" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Liverpool is home to many <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_city_centre" title="Liverpool city centre">global headquarters</a> and major branch offices</div></div></div></div></div> Liverpool forms an integral part of <a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West England</a>'s economy, the third largest regional economy in the United Kingdom. The city is also a major contributor to the economy of <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Region" title="Liverpool City Region">Liverpool City Region</a>, worth over £40 billion per year.<a href="#cite_note-273">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[270]</a> The local authority area governed by <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Council" title="Liverpool City Council">Liverpool City Council</a> accounts for 39% of the Liverpool city region's total jobs, 40% of its total GVA and 35% of its total businesses. At the local authority level, the city's <a href="/wiki/Gross_value_added" title="Gross value added">GVA</a> (balanced) at current basic prices was £14.3 billion in 2021. Its GDP at current market prices was £15.9 billion. This equates to £32,841 per head of the population.<a href="#cite_note-276">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[272]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021 United Kingdom census</a>, 51.1% of Liverpool's population aged 16 years and over was classed as employed, 44.2% economically inactive and 4.8% unemployed. Of those employed, the most popular industries providing the employment were human health and social work activities (18.7%), wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motor cycles (15%), education (10.8%), public administration and defence; compulsory social security (7.3%), accommodation and food service activities (6.8%), construction (6.5%), transport and storage (5.8%), manufacturing (5.5%) and professional, scientific and technical activities (5.2%).<a href="#cite_note-278">[273]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">ONS</a> Business Register and Employment Survey 2021, some industries within Liverpool perform strongly compared to other <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Local government in the United Kingdom">local authorities in Great Britain</a>. In terms of absolute number of jobs per industry in Great Britain's local authority areas, Liverpool features in the national top 10 for human health and social work activities; arts, entertainment and recreation; public administration and defence; compulsory social security; accommodation and food service activities and real estate activities. Liverpool features in the national top 20 for number of jobs in education; construction; wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles; transportation and storage; financial and insurance activities and professional, scientific and technical activities.<a href="#cite_note-Labour_Market_Profile_-_Liverpool-279">[274]</a> In 2023, Liverpool City Council set out an economic growth plan for the city over the following 20 years. The City Council will have particular focus on economic sectors such as the <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_England" title="Tourism in England">visitor economy (tourism)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Liverpool" title="Culture of Liverpool">culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_life_sciences" title="List of life sciences">life sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_economy" title="Digital economy">digital</a> and <a href="/wiki/Creative_industries" title="Creative industries">creative sectors</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Automotive industry in the United Kingdom">advanced car manufacturing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-280">[275]</a> According to the International passenger Survey, from the <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">ONS</a>, Liverpool was one of the top 5 most visited cities in the UK by overseas tourists in 2022. As of the same year, the city's tourist industry was worth a total of £3.5 billion annually and was part of a larger city region tourist industry worth £5 billion. A consistent calendar of major events, as well as a plethora of cultural attractions, continue to provide a significant draw for tourists. Tourism related to <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a> is worth an estimated £100m to the Liverpool economy each year alone. <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_One" title="Liverpool One">Liverpool One</a>, as well as a growing retail offer overall, has led to the city being one of the most prominent destinations for shopping in the UK. <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Cruise_Terminal" title="Liverpool Cruise Terminal">Liverpool Cruise Terminal</a>, which is situated close to the <a href="/wiki/Pier_Head" title="Pier Head">Pier Head</a>, enables tourists to berth in the centre of the city.<a href="#cite_note-281">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-286">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-287">[282]</a> Liverpool is home to the <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Quarter,_Liverpool" title="Knowledge Quarter, Liverpool">Knowledge Quarter</a>, a 450-acre city centre district that hosts some of the world's most influential institutions in science, health, technology, education, music and the creative performing arts. The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">UK government</a> has also identified the city as a '<a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Pharmaceutical industry in the United Kingdom">pharmaceutical</a> production superpower' and one of the UK's leading regions for <a href="/wiki/Biomanufacturing" title="Biomanufacturing">bioprocessing</a>. The accolade led to the government choosing the city for England's second ever 'Investment Zone' in 2023. This will involve millions of pounds being invested over the coming years in to science orientated districts including the Knowledge Quarter and the so-called 'pharma cluster' in the city suburb of <a href="/wiki/Speke" title="Speke">Speke</a>. The two clusters form an internationally significant role in <a href="/wiki/Infectious_diseases_(medical_specialty)" title="Infectious diseases (medical specialty)">infectious disease</a> control. Liverpool City Council also plan to invest in the city's <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Triangle" title="Baltic Triangle">Baltic Triangle</a>, which is renowned in the creative and digital industries.<a href="#cite_note-288">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-289">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-291">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[288]</a> <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Automotive industry in the United Kingdom">Car manufacturing</a> also takes place in the city at the <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover_Halewood" title="Jaguar Land Rover Halewood">Jaguar Land Rover Halewood</a> plant, where the <a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Evoque" title="Range Rover Evoque">Range Rover Evoque</a> model is assembled. In 2023, Jaguar Land Rover announced that the Halewood plant would begin to shift its focus to <a href="/wiki/Electric_car" title="Electric car">electric car</a> production.<a href="#cite_note-294">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[290]</a> Historically, the economy of Liverpool was centred on the city's port and manufacturing base. Today, the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Liverpool" title="Port of Liverpool">Port of Liverpool</a> is the UK's fourth largest port by <a href="/wiki/Tonnage" title="Tonnage">tonnage</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cargo" title="Cargo">freight</a>, handling over 30 million tonnes in 2020. The city is also the UK's largest port for <a href="/wiki/Transatlantic_crossing" title="Transatlantic crossing">transatlantic trade</a>, handling 45% of the country's trade from the United States. In 2023, the city was chosen by the British government to be a designated <a href="/wiki/Free_ports_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Free ports in the United Kingdom">Freeport</a> to encourage growing international commerce. The <a href="/wiki/Liverpool2" title="Liverpool2">Liverpool2</a> container terminal, completed in 2022, has greatly increased the volume of cargo which Liverpool is able to handle and has facilitated the world's biggest <a href="/wiki/Container_ship" title="Container ship">container vessels</a>.<a href="#cite_note-296">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-297">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-298">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-300">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-301">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[297]</a> Liverpool is also home to numerous UK headquarters, or the major strategic branch offices, of many <a href="/wiki/Shipping_line" title="Shipping line">shipping and freight lines</a> including: <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Container_Line" title="Atlantic Container Line">Atlantic Container Line</a>,<a href="#cite_note-303">[298]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bibby_Line" title="Bibby Line">Bibby Line</a>,<a href="#cite_note-304">[299]</a> Borchard Lines Ltd,<a href="#cite_note-305">[300]</a> <a href="/wiki/CMA_CGM" title="CMA CGM">CMA CGM</a>,<a href="#cite_note-306">[301]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hapag-Lloyd" title="Hapag-Lloyd">Hapag-Lloyd</a>,<a href="#cite_note-307">[302]</a> Independent Container Line,<a href="#cite_note-308">[303]</a> <a href="/wiki/Irish_Ferries" title="Irish Ferries">Irish Ferries</a>,<a href="#cite_note-309">[304]</a> <a href="/wiki/Maersk_Line" title="Maersk Line">Maersk Line</a>,<a href="#cite_note-310">[305]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Shipping_Company" title="Mediterranean Shipping Company">Mediterranean Shipping Company</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[306]</a> and <a href="/wiki/ZIM_(shipping_company)" title="ZIM (shipping company)">Zim Integrated Shipping Services</a>.<a href="#cite_note-312">[307]</a> Liverpool's rich <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Liverpool" title="Architecture of Liverpool">architectural base</a> has helped the city become the second most <a href="/wiki/Film_industry" title="Film industry">filmed city</a> in the UK outside London. As well as being a featured location in its own right, it often doubles up for Chicago, London, Moscow, New York City, Paris and <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. The Depot studios, close to the city centre, provide space for film and TV productions.<a href="#cite_note-313">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[309]</a> Major economic projects planned for the city include the revitalisation of disused land in the North docks/Ten Streets area, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Waters" title="Liverpool Waters">Liverpool Waters</a> and a new purpose built TV studio at the former <a href="/wiki/Littlewoods_Pools_building" title="Littlewoods Pools building">Littlewoods Pools building</a>, adjacent to the Depot.<a href="#cite_note-315">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-317">[312]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_region_economy_and_devolution">City region economy and devolution</h3></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 159154.92214786px; border-left-color:#ff2e5f"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#ff2e5f"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#ff2e5f"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 168.36563974073px; border-left-color:#747474"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#747474"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#747474"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 35.011664667298px; border-left-color:#b6bdbc"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#b6bdbc"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#b6bdbc"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:93.207111245821px 36.227536670455px 0 0; border-top-color:#ffbd31"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#ffbd31"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:34.935714043267px 93.698964158026px 0 0; border-top-color:#bebc3b"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#bebc3b"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 125.62719357843px 100px 0; border-right-color:#890d4f"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:#890d4f"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> The <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Region" title="Liverpool City Region">Liverpool City Region</a> GDP in 2021 was £40.479 billion. The 6 contributing boroughs to this GDP were as follows:<a href="#cite_note-318">[313]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Council" title="Liverpool City Council">Liverpool</a> (£15.911 billion) (39.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Wirral" title="Metropolitan Borough of Wirral">Wirral</a> (£6.632 billion) (16.38%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Sefton" title="Metropolitan Borough of Sefton">Sefton</a> (£5.431 billion) (13.42%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Knowsley" title="Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley">Knowsley</a> (£4.557 billion) (11.26%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Halton" title="Borough of Halton">Halton</a> (£4.498 billion) (11.11%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_St_Helens" title="Metropolitan Borough of St Helens">St Helens</a> (£3.448 billion) (8.52%)</div> </div> </div></div> The policy agenda of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">British Government</a> is to continuously monitor the economy and productivity of the UK's <a href="/wiki/Core_Cities_Group" title="Core Cities Group">core cities</a> within the context of their respective <a href="/wiki/City_region" title="City region">city regions</a>. The government's longer-term plan is to assess each area's potential for increased <a href="/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">devolution</a> and transfer of additional powers and budgets from central government in <a href="/wiki/Whitehall" title="Whitehall">Whitehall</a> to their corresponding <a href="/wiki/Combined_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined authority">combined authorities</a>. As such, official statistics about Liverpool's economy within the context of the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Region" title="Liverpool City Region">Liverpool City Region</a>, are closely monitored by the <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a>. This allows policy and decision makers to more accurately assess the 'functional economic area' of the city, which is not bound by traditional <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_England" title="Local government in England">local government geographies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-319">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-320">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-321">[316]</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-323">[318]</a> As of 2023, there are 10 city regions in England with Combined Authorities. The economy of <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Region_Combined_Authority" title="Liverpool City Region Combined Authority">Liverpool's combined authority</a> area in comparison to the other city regions is as follows: <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Economy of <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Region" title="Liverpool City Region">Liverpool City Region</a> compared to all <a href="/wiki/Combined_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined authority">combined authority areas</a> in England<a href="#cite_note-324">[319]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Combined authority area</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Core_Cities_Group" title="Core Cities Group">Core city</a> (if applicable)</th> <th>GVA (2021) (£ billions)</th> <th>GDP (2021) (£ billions)</th> <th>GDP per head (2021) (£) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire_and_Peterborough_Combined_Authority" title="Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Combined Authority">Cambridgeshire and Peterborough</a></td> <td align="right"></td> <td>28.648</td> <td>31.698</td> <td align="right">35,348 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Combined_Authority" title="Greater Manchester Combined Authority">Greater Manchester</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></td> <td>78.744</td> <td>87.703</td> <td align="right">30,576 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Region_Combined_Authority" title="Liverpool City Region Combined Authority">Liverpool City Region</a></td> <td align="right">Liverpool</td> <td>35.345</td> <td>40.479</td> <td align="right">26,086 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_East_Combined_Authority" title="North East Combined Authority">North East</a></td> <td align="right"></td> <td>22.516</td> <td>26.255</td> <td align="right">23,038 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_of_Tyne_Combined_Authority" title="North of Tyne Combined Authority">North of Tyne</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a></td> <td>19.725</td> <td>22.444</td> <td align="right">27,075 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Yorkshire_Mayoral_Combined_Authority" title="South Yorkshire Mayoral Combined Authority">South Yorkshire</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a></td> <td>28.971</td> <td>33.528</td> <td align="right">24,399 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tees_Valley_Combined_Authority" title="Tees Valley Combined Authority">Tees Valley</a></td> <td align="right"></td> <td>14.241</td> <td>16.346</td> <td align="right">24,103 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Combined_Authority" title="West Midlands Combined Authority">West Midlands</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></td> <td>70.961</td> <td>79.076</td> <td align="right">27,117 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_of_England_Combined_Authority" title="West of England Combined Authority">West of England</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></td> <td>34.110</td> <td>37.571</td> <td align="right">39,371 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Combined_Authority" title="West Yorkshire Combined Authority">West Yorkshire</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a></td> <td>60.137</td> <td>67.607</td> <td align="right">28,769 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Liverpool" title="Architecture of Liverpool">Architecture of Liverpool</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Maritime_Mercantile_City" title="Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City">Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_Liverpool" title="List of tallest buildings and structures in Liverpool">List of tallest buildings and structures in Liverpool</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Liverpool" title="List of public art in Liverpool">List of public art in Liverpool</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_Graces,_Liverpool.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Three_Graces%2C_Liverpool.jpg/220px-Three_Graces%2C_Liverpool.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Three_Graces%2C_Liverpool.jpg/330px-Three_Graces%2C_Liverpool.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Three_Graces%2C_Liverpool.jpg/440px-Three_Graces%2C_Liverpool.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4624" data-file-height="3468" /></a><figcaption>Liverpool's Three Graces, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Liver_Building" title="Royal Liver Building">Royal Liver Building</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cunard_Building" title="Cunard Building">Cunard Building</a> and <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Liverpool_Building" title="Port of Liverpool Building">Port of Liverpool Building</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Pier_Head" title="Pier Head">Pier Head</a></figcaption></figure> Liverpool's long commercial history has given rise to a considerable variety of <a href="/wiki/Architectural_style" title="Architectural style">architectural styles</a> found within the city, ranging from 16th century <a href="/wiki/Tudor_architecture" title="Tudor architecture">Tudor buildings</a> to modern-day <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_architecture" title="Contemporary architecture">contemporary architecture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hughes_(1999),_p10-325">[320]</a> The majority of buildings in the city date from the late-18th century onwards, the period during which the city grew into one of the foremost powers in the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hughes_(1999),_p11-326">[321]</a> There are over <a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Liverpool" title="Listed buildings in Liverpool">2,500 listed buildings</a> in Liverpool, of which 27 are Grade I listed<a href="#cite_note-327">[322]</a> and 85 are Grade II* listed.<a href="#cite_note-328">[323]</a> The city also has a greater number of public sculptures than any other location in the United Kingdom aside from <a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">Westminster</a> and significant number of Georgian houses still exist.<a href="#cite_note-329">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-330">[325]</a> This richness of architecture has subsequently seen Liverpool described by <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a>, as England's finest Victorian city.<a href="#cite_note-331">[326]</a> The value of Liverpool's architecture and design was recognised in 2004, when several areas throughout the city were declared a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>. Known as the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Maritime_Mercantile_City" title="Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City">Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City</a>, the sites were added in recognition of the city's role in the development of <a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">international trade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dock_(maritime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dock (maritime)">docking</a> technology.<a href="#cite_note-332">[327]</a> However, this status was revoked in July 2021, when UNESCO resolved that recent and proposed developments, such as the <a href="/wiki/Bramley-Moore_Dock_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bramley-Moore Dock Stadium">Bramley-Moore Dock Stadium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Waters" title="Liverpool Waters">Liverpool Waters</a> projects, had resulted in the "serious deterioration" of the area's significance.<a href="#cite_note-333">[328]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waterfront_and_docks">Waterfront and docks</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_Waterfront_(2023).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Liverpool_Waterfront_%282023%29.jpg/220px-Liverpool_Waterfront_%282023%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Liverpool_Waterfront_%282023%29.jpg/330px-Liverpool_Waterfront_%282023%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Liverpool_Waterfront_%282023%29.jpg/440px-Liverpool_Waterfront_%282023%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4624" data-file-height="3468" /></a><figcaption>The Liverpool Waterfront with the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Liverpool_Building" title="Port of Liverpool Building">Port of Liverpool Building</a>, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Liverpool" title="Museum of Liverpool">Museum of Liverpool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Dock,_Liverpool" title="Royal Albert Dock, Liverpool">Royal Albert Dock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_Liverpool" title="Wheel of Liverpool">Wheel of Liverpool</a> all visible</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tall_buildings_on_Liverpool_Waterfront.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Tall_buildings_on_Liverpool_Waterfront.jpg/220px-Tall_buildings_on_Liverpool_Waterfront.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Tall_buildings_on_Liverpool_Waterfront.jpg/330px-Tall_buildings_on_Liverpool_Waterfront.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Tall_buildings_on_Liverpool_Waterfront.jpg/440px-Tall_buildings_on_Liverpool_Waterfront.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5102" data-file-height="3091" /></a><figcaption>Modern office and commercial developments on the Liverpool Waterfront</figcaption></figure> As a major British port, the docks in Liverpool have historically been central to the city's development. Several major docking firsts have occurred in the city including the construction of the world's first enclosed <a href="/wiki/Wet_dock" class="mw-redirect" title="Wet dock">wet dock</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Old_Dock" title="Old Dock">Old Dock</a>) in 1715 and the first ever <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic">hydraulic</a> lifting <a href="/wiki/Crane_(machine)" title="Crane (machine)">cranes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-334">[329]</a> The best-known dock in Liverpool is the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Dock,_Liverpool" title="Royal Albert Dock, Liverpool">Royal Albert Dock</a>, which was constructed in 1846 and today comprises the largest single collection of Grade I listed buildings anywhere in Britain.<a href="#cite_note-335">[330]</a> Built under the guidance of <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Hartley" title="Jesse Hartley">Jesse Hartley</a>, it was considered to be one of the most advanced docks anywhere in the world upon completion and is often attributed with helping the city to become one of the most important ports in the world. Today, the Royal Albert Dock houses restaurants, bars, shops, two hotels as well as the <a href="/wiki/Merseyside_Maritime_Museum" title="Merseyside Maritime Museum">Merseyside Maritime Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Slavery_Museum" title="International Slavery Museum">International Slavery Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tate_Liverpool" title="Tate Liverpool">Tate Liverpool</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_Story" title="The Beatles Story">The Beatles Story</a>. North of the city centre is <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Dock" title="Stanley Dock">Stanley Dock</a>, home to the <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Dock_Tobacco_Warehouse" title="Stanley Dock Tobacco Warehouse">Stanley Dock Tobacco Warehouse</a>, which was at the time of its construction in 1901, the world's largest building in terms of area<a href="#cite_note-Nicholls,_p38-336">[331]</a> and today stands as the world's largest brick-work building.<a href="#cite_note-337">[332]</a> One of the most famous locations in Liverpool is the <a href="/wiki/Pier_Head" title="Pier Head">Pier Head</a>, renowned for the trio of buildings – the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Liver_Building" title="Royal Liver Building">Royal Liver Building</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cunard_Building" title="Cunard Building">Cunard Building</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Liverpool_Building" title="Port of Liverpool Building">Port of Liverpool Building</a> – which sit upon it. Collectively referred to as the Three Graces, these buildings stand as a testament to the great wealth in the city during the late 19th and early 20th century. Built in a variety of architectural styles, they are recognised as being the symbol of 'maritime Liverpool' and are regarded by many as contributing to one of the most impressive waterfronts in the world.<a href="#cite_note-338">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-339">[334]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[335]</a><a href="#cite_note-341">[336]</a> In the 21st century, several areas along Liverpool's waterfront have undergone significant redevelopment. Among the notable developments are the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Liverpool" title="Museum of Liverpool">Museum of Liverpool</a>, the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Arena" title="Liverpool Arena">Liverpool Arena</a>, <a href="/wiki/ACC_Liverpool" title="ACC Liverpool">ACC Liverpool</a> and <a href="/wiki/Exhibition_Centre_Liverpool" title="Exhibition Centre Liverpool">Exhibition Centre Liverpool</a> on <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Dock,_Port_of_Liverpool" title="King's Dock, Port of Liverpool">King's Dock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Tower,_Liverpool" title="Alexandra Tower, Liverpool">Alexandra Tower</a> and <a href="/wiki/1_Princes_Dock" title="1 Princes Dock">1 Princes Dock</a> on <a href="/wiki/Prince%27s_Dock,_Liverpool" title="Prince's Dock, Liverpool">Prince's Dock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Marina" title="Liverpool Marina">Liverpool Marina</a> around <a href="/wiki/Coburg_Dock" title="Coburg Dock">Coburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Dock" title="Brunswick Dock">Brunswick Docks</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wheel_of_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wheel of Liverpool">The Wheel of Liverpool</a> opened on 25 March 2010.<a href="#cite_note-342">[337]</a><a href="#cite_note-343">[338]</a> However, plans to redevelop parts of <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_city_centre" title="Liverpool city centre">Liverpool city centre</a> have been marred by <a href="/wiki/Controversy" title="Controversy">controversy</a>. In December 2016, a newly formed company called <a href="/wiki/North_Point_Global_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="North Point Global Ltd.">North Point Global Ltd.</a> was given the rights to develop part of the docks under the "New Chinatown" working name. Though heavily advertised in Liverpool, Hong Kong and Chinese cities with high-profile advertisements and videos, the "New Chinatown" development failed to materialise.<a href="#cite_note-at-344">[339]</a> In January 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Echo" title="Liverpool Echo">Liverpool Echo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asia_Times" title="Asia Times">Asia Times</a> revealed that the site remained sans any construction. North Point Global as well as its subcontractor "Bilt" had both declared bankruptcy, and the small investors (mostly middle class couples) who had already paid money for the apartments had lost most of their savings in them.<a href="#cite_note-echo-345">[340]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial_district_and_cultural_quarter">Commercial district and cultural quarter</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Georges_Hall_Liverpool_3_(6727529617).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/St_Georges_Hall_Liverpool_3_%286727529617%29.jpg/220px-St_Georges_Hall_Liverpool_3_%286727529617%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/St_Georges_Hall_Liverpool_3_%286727529617%29.jpg/330px-St_Georges_Hall_Liverpool_3_%286727529617%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/St_Georges_Hall_Liverpool_3_%286727529617%29.jpg/440px-St_Georges_Hall_Liverpool_3_%286727529617%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Hall,_Liverpool" title="St George's Hall, Liverpool">St George's Hall</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Municipal_Buildings,_Liverpool.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Municipal_Buildings%2C_Liverpool.jpg/170px-Municipal_Buildings%2C_Liverpool.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Municipal_Buildings%2C_Liverpool.jpg/255px-Municipal_Buildings%2C_Liverpool.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Municipal_Buildings%2C_Liverpool.jpg/340px-Municipal_Buildings%2C_Liverpool.jpg 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Buildings,_Liverpool" title="Municipal Buildings, Liverpool">Municipal Buildings</a></figcaption></figure> Liverpool's historic position as one of the most important trading ports in the world has meant that over time many grand buildings have been constructed in the city as headquarters for shipping firms, insurance companies, banks and other large firms. The great wealth this brought then allowed for the development of grand civic buildings, which were designed to allow the local administrators to 'run the city with pride'.<a href="#cite_note-Liverpool_City_of_Architecture-346">[341]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Commercial_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial district">commercial district</a> is centred on the <a href="/wiki/Castle_Street,_Liverpool" title="Castle Street, Liverpool">Castle Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dale_Street" title="Dale Street">Dale Street</a> and Old Hall Street areas of the city, with many of the area's roads still following their <a href="/wiki/England_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="England in the Middle Ages">medieval</a> layout. Having developed predominantly over a period of three centuries, the area is regarded as one of the most important architectural locations in the city, as recognised by its inclusion in Liverpool's <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Maritime_Mercantile_City" title="Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City">former World Heritage site</a>.<a href="#cite_note-347">[342]</a> The oldest building in the area is the <a href="/wiki/Grade_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade I">Grade I</a> <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed</a> <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Town_Hall" title="Liverpool Town Hall">Liverpool Town Hall</a>, which is located at the top of Castle Street and dates from 1754. Often regarded as the city's finest piece of <a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian architecture</a>, the building is known as one of the most extravagantly decorated civic buildings anywhere in Britain.<a href="#cite_note-Liverpool_City_Council_(2005),_p74-348">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[344]</a> Also on Castle Street is the Grade I listed <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England,_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank of England, Liverpool">Bank of England Building</a>, constructed between 1845 and 1848, as one of only three provincial branches of the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">national bank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Liverpool_City_Council_(2005),_p74-348">[343]</a> Among the other buildings in the area are the <a href="/wiki/Tower_Buildings,_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="Tower Buildings, Liverpool">Tower Buildings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albion_House,_Liverpool" title="Albion House, Liverpool">Albion House</a> (the former <a href="/wiki/White_Star_Line" title="White Star Line">White Star Line</a> headquarters), the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Buildings,_Liverpool" title="Municipal Buildings, Liverpool">Municipal Buildings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oriel_Chambers" title="Oriel Chambers">Oriel Chambers</a>,<a href="#cite_note-350">[345]</a> which is considered to be one of the earliest <a href="/wiki/Modernist" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist">Modernist</a> style buildings ever built.<a href="#cite_note-351">[346]</a> The area around <a href="/wiki/William_Brown_Street" title="William Brown Street">William Brown Street</a> is referred to as the city's 'Cultural Quarter', owing to the presence of numerous civic buildings, including the <a href="/wiki/William_Brown_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="William Brown Library">William Brown Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walker_Art_Gallery" title="Walker Art Gallery">Walker Art Gallery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picton_Reading_Room_and_Hornby_Library" title="Picton Reading Room and Hornby Library">Picton Reading Rooms</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_Museum_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="World Museum Liverpool">World Museum Liverpool</a>. The area is dominated by <a href="/wiki/Neo-classical_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-classical architecture">neo-classical architecture</a>, of which the most prominent, <a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Hall,_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George's Hall, Liverpool">St George's Hall</a>,<a href="#cite_note-352">[347]</a> is widely regarded as the best example of a neo-classical building anywhere in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-353">[348]</a> A Grade I listed building, it was constructed between 1840 and 1855 to serve a variety of civic functions in the city and its doors are inscribed with "<a href="/wiki/SPQR" title="SPQR">S.P.Q.L.</a>" (Latin senatus populusque Liverpudliensis), meaning "the senate and people of Liverpool". William Brown Street is also home to numerous public monuments and sculptures, including <a href="/wiki/Wellington%27s_Column" title="Wellington's Column">Wellington's Column</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Steble_Fountain" title="Steble Fountain">Steble Fountain</a>. Many others are located around the area, particularly in <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_Gardens,_Liverpool" title="St John's Gardens, Liverpool">St John's Gardens</a>, which was specifically developed for this purpose.<a href="#cite_note-354">[349]</a> The William Brown Street area has been likened to a modern recreation of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Forum" title="Roman Forum">Roman Forum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-355">[350]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_notable_landmarks">Other notable landmarks</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Speke_Hall,_Liverpool.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Speke_Hall%2C_Liverpool.jpg/220px-Speke_Hall%2C_Liverpool.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Speke_Hall%2C_Liverpool.jpg/330px-Speke_Hall%2C_Liverpool.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Speke_Hall%2C_Liverpool.jpg/440px-Speke_Hall%2C_Liverpool.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2911" data-file-height="1609" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Speke_Hall" title="Speke Hall">Speke Hall</a> <a href="/wiki/Tudor_style_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Tudor style architecture">Tudor</a> <a href="/wiki/Manor_house" title="Manor house">manor house</a> is one of Liverpool's oldest buildings.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_Anglican_Cathedral_from_St_John%27s_Beacon_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Liverpool_Anglican_Cathedral_from_St_John%27s_Beacon_2.jpg/220px-Liverpool_Anglican_Cathedral_from_St_John%27s_Beacon_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Liverpool_Anglican_Cathedral_from_St_John%27s_Beacon_2.jpg/330px-Liverpool_Anglican_Cathedral_from_St_John%27s_Beacon_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Liverpool_Anglican_Cathedral_from_St_John%27s_Beacon_2.jpg/440px-Liverpool_Anglican_Cathedral_from_St_John%27s_Beacon_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5010" data-file-height="3312" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Cathedral" title="Liverpool Cathedral">Liverpool Cathedral</a>, the largest cathedral in the UK</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sefton_Park_Palm_House,_Liverpool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2129921.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sefton_Park_Palm_House%2C_Liverpool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2129921.jpg/220px-Sefton_Park_Palm_House%2C_Liverpool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2129921.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sefton_Park_Palm_House%2C_Liverpool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2129921.jpg/330px-Sefton_Park_Palm_House%2C_Liverpool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2129921.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sefton_Park_Palm_House%2C_Liverpool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2129921.jpg/440px-Sefton_Park_Palm_House%2C_Liverpool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2129921.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sefton_Park" title="Sefton Park">Sefton Park</a> Palm House</figcaption></figure> While the majority of Liverpool's architecture dates from the mid-18th century onwards, there are several buildings that pre-date this time. One of the oldest surviving buildings is <a href="/wiki/Speke_Hall" title="Speke Hall">Speke Hall</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Tudor_style_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Tudor style architecture">Tudor</a> <a href="/wiki/Manor_house" title="Manor house">manor house</a> located in the south of the city, which was completed in 1598.<a href="#cite_note-356">[351]</a> The building is one of the few remaining <a href="/wiki/Timber_framed" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber framed">timber framed</a> Tudor houses left in the <a href="/wiki/North_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="North of England">north of England</a> and is particularly noted for its <a href="/wiki/Victorian_decorative_arts" title="Victorian decorative arts">Victorian</a> interiors, which were added in the mid-19th century.<a href="#cite_note-357">[352]</a> In addition to Speke Hall, many of the city's other oldest surviving buildings are also former <a href="/wiki/Manor_house" title="Manor house">manor houses</a> including <a href="/wiki/Croxteth_Hall" title="Croxteth Hall">Croxteth Hall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Woolton_Hall" title="Woolton Hall">Woolton Hall</a>, which were completed in 1702 and 1704 respectively.<a href="#cite_note-358">[353]</a> The oldest building within the city centre is the <a href="/wiki/Grade_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade I">Grade I</a> <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed</a> <a href="/wiki/Bluecoat_Chambers" title="Bluecoat Chambers">Bluecoat Chambers</a>,<a href="#cite_note-359">[354]</a> which was built between 1717 and 1718. Constructed in British <a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne_style_architecture" title="Queen Anne style architecture">Queen Anne style architecture</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Liverpool_City_Council_2005_p97-360">[355]</a><a href="#cite_note-361">[356]</a> the building was influenced in part by the work of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Wren" title="Christopher Wren">Christopher Wren</a><a href="#cite_note-362">[357]</a> and was originally the home of the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Blue_Coat_School" title="Liverpool Blue Coat School">Bluecoat School</a> (who later moved to a larger site in <a href="/wiki/Wavertree" title="Wavertree">Wavertree</a> in the south of the city). Since 1908, it has acted as a centre for arts in Liverpool.<a href="#cite_note-Liverpool_City_Council_2005_p97-360">[355]</a> Liverpool is noted for having two Cathedrals, each of which imposes over the landscape around it.<a href="#cite_note-363">[358]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Cathedral" title="Liverpool Cathedral">Anglican Cathedral</a>, which was constructed between 1904 and 1978, is the largest Cathedral in Britain<a href="#cite_note-364">[359]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_church_buildings_in_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest church buildings in the world">fifth largest in the world</a>. Designed and built in <a href="/wiki/Gothic_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic style">Gothic style</a>, it is regarded as one of the greatest buildings to have been constructed during the 20th century<a href="#cite_note-365">[360]</a> and was described by former British <a href="/wiki/Poet_Laureate" class="mw-redirect" title="Poet Laureate">Poet Laureate</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Betjeman" title="John Betjeman">John Betjeman</a>, as "one of the great buildings of the world".<a href="#cite_note-366">[361]</a> The Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral" title="Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral">Metropolitan Cathedral</a> was constructed between 1962 and 1967 and is known as one of the first cathedrals to break the traditional longitudinal design.<a href="#cite_note-367">[362]</a> In the 21st century, many parts of Liverpool's city centre have undergone significant redevelopment and regeneration after years of decline. So far, the largest of these developments has been <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_One" title="Liverpool One">Liverpool One</a>, which saw almost £1 billion invested in the redevelopment of 42 acres (17 hectares) of land, providing new retail, commercial, residential and leisure space.<a href="#cite_note-368">[363]</a> Around the north of the city centre, several new skyscrapers have also been constructed including the <a href="/wiki/RIBA" class="mw-redirect" title="RIBA">RIBA</a> award-winning <a href="/wiki/Unity_Buildings" title="Unity Buildings">Unity Buildings</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Tower" title="West Tower">West Tower</a>, which at 140m is <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_Liverpool" title="List of tallest buildings and structures in Liverpool">Liverpool's tallest building</a>. Many redevelopment schemes are also in progress including Circus,<a href="#cite_note-369">[364]</a> <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Dock,_Port_of_Liverpool" title="King's Dock, Port of Liverpool">King's Dock</a>,<a href="#cite_note-370">[365]</a> <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Quarter,_Liverpool" title="Knowledge Quarter, Liverpool">Paddington Village</a><a href="#cite_note-371">[366]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Waters" title="Liverpool Waters">Liverpool Waters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-372">[367]</a> There are many other notable buildings in Liverpool, including the <a href="/wiki/Art_deco" class="mw-redirect" title="Art deco">art deco</a> <a href="/wiki/Crowne_Plaza_Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport_Hotel" title="Crowne Plaza Liverpool John Lennon Airport Hotel">former terminal building</a> of <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport" title="Liverpool John Lennon Airport">Speke Airport</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">University of Liverpool</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Building,_University_of_Liverpool" title="Victoria Building, University of Liverpool">Victoria Building</a>, (which provided the inspiration for the term <a href="/wiki/Red_Brick_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Brick universities">Red Brick University</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Britannia_Adelphi_Hotel" title="Britannia Adelphi Hotel">Adelphi Hotel</a>, which was in the past considered to be one of the finest hotels anywhere in the world.<a href="#cite_note-373">[368]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_gardens">Parks and gardens</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Register_of_Historic_Parks_and_Gardens_of_Special_Historic_Interest_in_England" title="Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England">Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England</a> describes <a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Category:Parks_and_commons_in_Liverpool" title="Category:Parks and commons in Liverpool">Victorian Parks</a> as collectively the "most important in the country".<a href="#cite_note-374">[369]</a> Liverpool has ten listed parks and cemeteries, including two Grade I and five Grade II*, more than any other English city apart from London.<a href="#cite_note-375">[370]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Liverpool" title="Transport in Liverpool">Transport in Liverpool</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_city_centre#Transport" title="Liverpool city centre">Liverpool city centre § Transport</a></div> Liverpool has an extensive transport infrastructure that connects the city with its metropolitan area, the rest of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and the world. Various modes of transport provide considerable connections by road, rail, air and sea. The local network of buses, trains and ferries is managed by <a href="/wiki/Merseytravel" title="Merseytravel">Merseytravel</a> on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Region_Combined_Authority" title="Liverpool City Region Combined Authority">Liverpool City Region Combined Authority</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Metro_Mayor_of_the_Liverpool_City_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro Mayor of the Liverpool City Region">Metro Mayor of the Liverpool City Region</a>. The Mayor and Combined Authority have control of a <a href="/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">devolved</a> transport budget and associated transport powers for this local system. The city's major port and international airport provide global links for both passengers and freight.<a href="#cite_note-376">[371]</a><a href="#cite_note-377">[372]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_and_international_travel">National and international travel</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Roads">Roads</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queensway_Tunnel_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Queensway_Tunnel_%283%29.jpg/220px-Queensway_Tunnel_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Queensway_Tunnel_%283%29.jpg/330px-Queensway_Tunnel_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Queensway_Tunnel_%283%29.jpg/440px-Queensway_Tunnel_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5315" data-file-height="3404" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_city_centre" title="Liverpool city centre">Liverpool city centre</a> entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Queensway_tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Queensway tunnel">Queensway tunnel</a> under the <a href="/wiki/River_Mersey" title="River Mersey">River Mersey</a></figcaption></figure> The city sits at the centre of a much larger metropolitan area. The city's suburbs run contiguously into the neighbouring boroughs defined by the ONS as the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Built-up_Area" title="Liverpool Built-up Area">Liverpool Built-up Area</a>. The wider City Region and Merseyside in general is densely urbanised and divided by several motorways and major roads. The city is served by a network <a href="/wiki/List_of_motorways_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of motorways in the United Kingdom">motorways</a>. The three motorways in closest proximity are the <a href="/wiki/M58_motorway" title="M58 motorway">M58</a> to the north, and <a href="/wiki/M62_motorway" title="M62 motorway">M62</a> and <a href="/wiki/M57_motorway" title="M57 motorway">M57</a> to the east. To the north, the <a href="/wiki/M58_motorway" title="M58 motorway">M58 motorway</a> runs 12 miles and provides links to the neighbouring counties of <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a>, finally joining with the M6 west of Wigan.<a href="#cite_note-378">[373]</a> To the east, the M62 runs across the north of the UK, ultimately connecting Liverpool with <a href="/wiki/Kingston-upon-Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingston-upon-Hull">Hull</a> on the opposite coast, and along the route to several large cities including <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bradford" title="Bradford">Bradford</a>. The M62 also provides a connection to both the <a href="/wiki/M6_motorway" title="M6 motorway">M6</a> and <a href="/wiki/M1_motorway" title="M1 motorway">M1 motorways</a>, providing indirect links to more distant areas including <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, London, <a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Preston,_Lancashire" title="Preston, Lancashire">Preston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a>.<a href="#cite_note-379">[374]</a><a href="#cite_note-380">[375]</a> To the east, but running north-south, the <a href="/wiki/M57_motorway" title="M57 motorway">M57</a> acts as a 10-mile ring road for the city itself and links the M62 and M58 motorways, as well as the <a href="/wiki/A580_road" title="A580 road">A580 East Lancashire Road</a> providing a link directly to the <a href="/wiki/A5300" class="mw-redirect" title="A5300">A5300</a> that links to the bridges that cross the Mersey to the south of the city.<a href="#cite_note-381">[376]</a> To the south, Liverpool is connected to <a href="/wiki/Widnes" title="Widnes">Widnes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warrington" title="Warrington">Warrington</a> via the <a href="/wiki/A562_road" title="A562 road">A562</a> and <a href="/wiki/A5300" class="mw-redirect" title="A5300">A5300</a> and across the <a href="/wiki/River_Mersey" title="River Mersey">River Mersey</a> to <a href="/wiki/Runcorn" title="Runcorn">Runcorn</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a>, via the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_Bridge" title="Silver Jubilee Bridge">Silver Jubilee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mersey_Gateway" class="mw-redirect" title="Mersey Gateway">Mersey Gateway</a> bridges. The <a href="/wiki/M56_motorway" title="M56 motorway">M56 motorway</a> then provides routes into parts of the neighbouring counties, with connections to the Wirral and North Wales, and a direct route to <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Airport" title="Manchester Airport">Manchester Airport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-382">[377]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Kingsway_Tunnel" title="Kingsway Tunnel">Kingsway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queensway_Tunnel" title="Queensway Tunnel">Queensway Tunnels</a> connect Liverpool with the settlements on the <a href="/wiki/Wirral_Peninsula" title="Wirral Peninsula">Wirral Peninsula</a> across the Mersey to the west, including <a href="/wiki/Birkenhead" title="Birkenhead">Birkenhead</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wallasey" title="Wallasey">Wallasey</a>. The <a href="/wiki/A41_road" title="A41 road">A41 road</a> and <a href="/wiki/M53_motorway" title="M53 motorway">M53 motorway</a>, which both begin in Birkenhead, link to Cheshire and <a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a> and via the <a href="/wiki/A55_road" title="A55 road">A55</a>, to <a href="/wiki/North_Wales" title="North Wales">North Wales</a>.<a href="#cite_note-383">[378]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Railway">Railway</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_Lime_Street_Station.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Liverpool_Lime_Street_Station.JPG/220px-Liverpool_Lime_Street_Station.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Liverpool_Lime_Street_Station.JPG/330px-Liverpool_Lime_Street_Station.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Liverpool_Lime_Street_Station.JPG/440px-Liverpool_Lime_Street_Station.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2910" data-file-height="1940" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Lime_Street_railway_station" title="Liverpool Lime Street railway station">Liverpool Lime Street Station</a>, one of the busiest train stations in the UK outside London<a href="#cite_note-384">[379]</a></figcaption></figure> Liverpool is served by two separate rail networks. The local rail network is managed and run by <a href="/wiki/Merseyrail" title="Merseyrail">Merseyrail</a> and provides links throughout the Liverpool city region and beyond (see <a href="#Local_travel">Local travel</a> below). The national network, which is managed by <a href="/wiki/Network_Rail" title="Network Rail">Network Rail</a>, provides Liverpool with connections to major towns and cities across England. The city's primary main line station is <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Lime_Street_railway_station" title="Liverpool Lime Street railway station">Lime Street station</a>, which is the terminus for several lines into the city. The station is served by a number of different <a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_operating_trains_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of companies operating trains in the United Kingdom">train operating companies</a> including <a href="/wiki/Avanti_West_Coast" title="Avanti West Coast">Avanti West Coast</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_Railway" title="East Midlands Railway">East Midlands Railway</a>, <a href="/wiki/London_North_Eastern_Railway" title="London North Eastern Railway">London North Eastern Railway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Rail" title="Northern Rail">Northern Rail</a>, <a href="/wiki/TransPennine_Express" title="TransPennine Express">TransPennine Express</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Trains" title="West Midlands Trains">West Midlands Trains</a>.<a href="#cite_note-385">[380]</a><a href="#cite_note-386">[381]</a> Between them, the station is connected with direct train services to numerous destinations including London (in 2 hours 8 minutes with <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_390" title="British Rail Class 390">Pendolino</a> trains), <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Hull</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Preston,_Lancashire" title="Preston, Lancashire">Preston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scarborough,_North_Yorkshire" title="Scarborough, North Yorkshire">Scarborough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a> and <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-387">[382]</a><a href="#cite_note-388">[383]</a><a href="#cite_note-389">[384]</a><a href="#cite_note-390">[385]</a> Opened in 1836, Lime Street station is the world's oldest mainline terminus station still in use.<a href="#cite_note-391">[386]</a> In the south of the city, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_South_Parkway" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool South Parkway">Liverpool South Parkway</a> provides a connection to the city's <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport" title="Liverpool John Lennon Airport">airport</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Port">Port</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_Cruise_Terminal_(2023).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Liverpool_Cruise_Terminal_%282023%29.jpg/220px-Liverpool_Cruise_Terminal_%282023%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Liverpool_Cruise_Terminal_%282023%29.jpg/330px-Liverpool_Cruise_Terminal_%282023%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Liverpool_Cruise_Terminal_%282023%29.jpg/440px-Liverpool_Cruise_Terminal_%282023%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4624" data-file-height="3468" /></a><figcaption>Liverpool Cruise Terminal</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Liverpool" title="Port of Liverpool">Port of Liverpool</a> connects passengers and <a href="/wiki/Cargo" title="Cargo">freight</a> to Liverpool from all around the world. Passenger ferry services depart from the city across the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a> to <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a>. Services are provided by several companies, including the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Steam_Packet_Company" title="Isle of Man Steam Packet Company">Isle of Man Steam Packet Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%26O_Ferries" title="P&O Ferries">P&O Ferries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stena_Line" title="Stena Line">Stena Line</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Cruise_Terminal" title="Liverpool Cruise Terminal">Liverpool Cruise Terminal</a> handles over 200,000 passengers and crew annually and is located alongside the <a href="/wiki/Pier_Head" title="Pier Head">Pier Head</a> in the city centre. Berthing facilities for long-distance passenger cruises are provided and served by a large number of different <a href="/wiki/Cruise_line" title="Cruise line">cruise lines</a>. Ports in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> are served by the facility.<a href="#cite_note-392">[387]</a><a href="#cite_note-393">[388]</a><a href="#cite_note-394">[389]</a> The cruise lines that call at Liverpool cruise terminal include the following: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 12em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambassador_Cruise_Line" title="Ambassador Cruise Line">Ambassador</a><a href="#cite_note-395">[390]</a></li> <li>Atlas Ocean Voyages<a href="#cite_note-396">[391]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azamara" title="Azamara">Azamara</a><a href="#cite_note-397">[392]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_Cruise_Line" title="Carnival Cruise Line">Carnival Cruise Line</a><a href="#cite_note-398">[393]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebrity_Cruises" title="Celebrity Cruises">Celebrity Cruises</a><a href="#cite_note-399">[394]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunard_Line" title="Cunard Line">Cunard Line</a><a href="#cite_note-400">[395]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Cruise_Line" title="Disney Cruise Line">Disney Cruise Line</a><a href="#cite_note-401">[396]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred._Olsen_Cruise_Lines" title="Fred. Olsen Cruise Lines">Fred Olsen</a><a href="#cite_note-402">[397]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapag-Lloyd_cruises" title="Hapag-Lloyd cruises">Hapag-Lloyd cruises</a><a href="#cite_note-403">[398]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland_America_Line" title="Holland America Line">Holland America Line</a><a href="#cite_note-404">[399]</a></li> <li>Noble Caledonia<a href="#cite_note-405">[400]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Cruise_Line" title="Norwegian Cruise Line">Norwegian</a><a href="#cite_note-406">[401]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%26O_Cruises" title="P&O Cruises">P&O Cruises</a><a href="#cite_note-407">[402]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Cruises" title="Princess Cruises">Princess Cruises</a><a href="#cite_note-408">[403]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_Seven_Seas_Cruises" title="Regent Seven Seas Cruises">Regent Seven Seas</a><a href="#cite_note-409">[404]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Caribbean_International" title="Royal Caribbean International">Royal Caribbean</a><a href="#cite_note-410">[405]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga_Cruises" title="Saga Cruises">Saga Cruises</a><a href="#cite_note-411">[406]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silversea_Cruises" title="Silversea Cruises">Silversea Cruises</a><a href="#cite_note-412">[407]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_(cruise_line)" title="Viking (cruise line)">Viking</a><a href="#cite_note-413">[408]</a></li></ul> </div> As of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liverpool&action=edit">[update]</a>, the Port of Liverpool is the fourth busiest port in the UK by freight tonnage, handling 33 million tonnes of <a href="/wiki/Cargo" title="Cargo">freight cargo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-port01-414">[409]</a> It is the main port in the country for <a href="/wiki/Transatlantic_crossing" title="Transatlantic crossing">transatlantic trade</a> and the largest port on the west coast of the UK. The <a href="/wiki/Seaforth_Dock" title="Seaforth Dock">Royal Seaforth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool2" title="Liverpool2">Liverpool2</a> container terminals are the port's two main terminals and handle a wide variety of cargo including containers, <a href="/wiki/Bulk_cargo" title="Bulk cargo">liquid and dry bulk cargoes</a> such as coal and grain, <a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">biomass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roll-on/roll-off" title="Roll-on/roll-off">roll-on/roll-off</a> cargoes such as cars and trucks.<a href="#cite_note-415">[410]</a><a href="#cite_note-416">[411]</a><a href="#cite_note-417">[412]</a><a href="#cite_note-418">[413]</a><a href="#cite_note-419">[414]</a><a href="#cite_note-420">[415]</a> <a href="/wiki/Leeds_and_Liverpool_Canal" title="Leeds and Liverpool Canal">Leeds and Liverpool Canal</a> runs into Liverpool city centre via <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Canal_Link" title="Liverpool Canal Link">Liverpool Canal Link</a> at Pier Head since 2009.<a href="#cite_note-421">[416]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Airport">Airport</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport_(Terminal_Exterior).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport_%28Terminal_Exterior%29.jpg/220px-Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport_%28Terminal_Exterior%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport_%28Terminal_Exterior%29.jpg/330px-Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport_%28Terminal_Exterior%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport_%28Terminal_Exterior%29.jpg/440px-Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport_%28Terminal_Exterior%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1560" data-file-height="833" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport" title="Liverpool John Lennon Airport">Liverpool John Lennon Airport</a> terminal building</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport" title="Liverpool John Lennon Airport">Liverpool John Lennon Airport</a>, which is located in the south of the city, provides Liverpool with direct air connections across the United Kingdom and Europe. It offers direct services to over 60 airports worldwide and to over 100 destinations via one-stop <a href="/wiki/Layover" title="Layover">connections</a> in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Airport" title="Frankfurt Airport">Frankfurt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Airport" title="Dublin Airport">Dublin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk_Airport" title="Reykjavík Airport">Reykjavík</a>. The airport is primarily served by <a href="/wiki/Low-cost_airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-cost airlines">low-cost airlines</a> namely <a href="/wiki/Aer_Lingus" title="Aer Lingus">Aer Lingus</a>, <a href="/wiki/EasyJet" title="EasyJet">easyJet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jet2.com" title="Jet2.com">Jet2.com</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loganair" title="Loganair">Loganair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lufthansa" title="Lufthansa">Lufthansa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Play_(airline)" title="Play (airline)">Play</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryanair" title="Ryanair">Ryanair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wider%C3%B8e" title="Widerøe">Widerøe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wizz_Air" title="Wizz Air">Wizz Air</a>, although it does provide facilities for <a href="/wiki/Private_aviation" title="Private aviation">private aircraft</a>.<a href="#cite_note-422">[417]</a><a href="#cite_note-423">[418]</a><a href="#cite_note-424">[419]</a><a href="#cite_note-425">[420]</a><a href="#cite_note-426">[421]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_travel">Local travel</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Trains">Trains</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:777010_at_Hooton_Station_20210728-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/777010_at_Hooton_Station_20210728-1.jpg/220px-777010_at_Hooton_Station_20210728-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/777010_at_Hooton_Station_20210728-1.jpg/330px-777010_at_Hooton_Station_20210728-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/777010_at_Hooton_Station_20210728-1.jpg/440px-777010_at_Hooton_Station_20210728-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4684" data-file-height="3150" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_777" title="British Rail Class 777">Class 777</a> train operated by <a href="/wiki/Merseyrail" title="Merseyrail">Merseyrail</a></figcaption></figure> Liverpool's <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Commuter rail in the United Kingdom">urban railway network</a>, known as <a href="/wiki/Merseyrail" title="Merseyrail">Merseyrail</a>, is one of the busiest and most extensive in the country. The network provides approximately 30 million passenger journeys per year, across a system of 69 stations throughout Liverpool's metropolitan area, within the formal boundaries of the Liverpool city region and adjacent areas of <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-427">[422]</a><a href="#cite_note-428">[423]</a><a href="#cite_note-429">[424]</a><a href="#cite_note-430">[425]</a> The network consists of three lines: the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Line_(Merseyrail)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Line (Merseyrail)">Northern Line</a>, which runs to <a href="/wiki/Southport" title="Southport">Southport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ormskirk" title="Ormskirk">Ormskirk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Headbolt_Lane_railway_station" title="Headbolt Lane railway station">Headbolt Lane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hunts_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunts Cross">Hunts Cross</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Wirral_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Wirral Line">Wirral Line</a>, which runs through the Mersey Railway Tunnel and has branches to <a href="/wiki/New_Brighton,_Merseyside" title="New Brighton, Merseyside">New Brighton</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Kirby" title="West Kirby">West Kirby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ellesmere_Port" title="Ellesmere Port">Ellesmere Port</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/City_Line_(Merseyrail)" class="mw-redirect" title="City Line (Merseyrail)">City Line</a>, which begins at <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Lime_Street_railway_station" title="Liverpool Lime Street railway station">Lime Street</a>, providing links to <a href="/wiki/St_Helens,_Merseyside" title="St Helens, Merseyside">St Helens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wigan" title="Wigan">Wigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Preston,_Lancashire" title="Preston, Lancashire">Preston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warrington" title="Warrington">Warrington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>.<a href="#cite_note-431">[426]</a><a href="#cite_note-432">[427]</a> The network is predominantly electric and covers 75 miles (120 kilometres) of track.<a href="#cite_note-Who_are_Merseyrail-433">[428]</a><a href="#cite_note-434">[429]</a> Trains are owned and operated by the <a href="/wiki/Merseyrail" title="Merseyrail">Merseyrail</a> franchise and managed by <a href="/wiki/Merseytravel" title="Merseytravel">Merseytravel</a> under the direction of the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Region_Combined_Authority" title="Liverpool City Region Combined Authority">Liverpool City Region Combined Authority</a>. Local services on the City Line are operated by <a href="/wiki/Northern_(train_operating_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern (train operating company)">Northern</a> rather than Merseyrail, although the line itself remains part of the Merseyrail network. Within <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_city_centre" title="Liverpool city centre">Liverpool city centre</a>, four stations and over <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>6+1⁄2 miles (10.5 kilometres) of tunnels are underground.<a href="#cite_note-Who_are_Merseyrail-433">[428]</a> <a href="/wiki/Birkenhead_Hamilton_Square_railway_station" title="Birkenhead Hamilton Square railway station">Hamilton Square</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_James_Street_railway_station" title="Liverpool James Street railway station">Liverpool James Street</a> are the oldest deep level underground stations in the world.<a href="#cite_note-435">[430]</a> In 2023, for the first time in UK history, <a href="/wiki/Battery_electric_multiple_unit" title="Battery electric multiple unit">battery-powered passenger trains</a> launched on Merseyrail tracks from the newly opened <a href="/wiki/Headbolt_Lane_railway_station" title="Headbolt Lane railway station">Headbolt Lane</a> station in Kirkby. The Liverpool City Region Combined Authority's long term "Merseyrail for All" plan is to reduce dependency on <a href="/wiki/Third_rail" title="Third rail">live third rail</a> and promote battery power in order to further expand Merseyrail to previously inaccessible places across the city region and as far as <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wrexham" title="Wrexham">Wrexham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warrington" title="Warrington">Warrington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Preston,_Lancashire" title="Preston, Lancashire">Preston</a>.<a href="#cite_note-436">[431]</a><a href="#cite_note-437">[432]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Buses">Buses</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:-2023-02-02_Bus_interchange_at_Liverpool_South_Parkway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/-2023-02-02_Bus_interchange_at_Liverpool_South_Parkway.jpg/220px--2023-02-02_Bus_interchange_at_Liverpool_South_Parkway.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/-2023-02-02_Bus_interchange_at_Liverpool_South_Parkway.jpg/330px--2023-02-02_Bus_interchange_at_Liverpool_South_Parkway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/-2023-02-02_Bus_interchange_at_Liverpool_South_Parkway.jpg/440px--2023-02-02_Bus_interchange_at_Liverpool_South_Parkway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2252" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_South_Parkway_railway_station" title="Liverpool South Parkway railway station">Liverpool South Parkway</a>, a bus & rail interchange serving south Liverpool & <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport" title="Liverpool John Lennon Airport">Liverpool John Lennon Airport</a></figcaption></figure> Local bus services within and around Liverpool are managed by <a href="/wiki/Merseytravel" title="Merseytravel">Merseytravel</a><a href="#cite_note-438">[433]</a> and are run by several different companies, including <a href="/wiki/Arriva_North_West" title="Arriva North West">Arriva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_Merseyside" title="Stagecoach Merseyside">Stagecoach</a>. The two principal termini for local buses are <a href="/wiki/Queen_Square_bus_station" title="Queen Square bus station">Queen Square bus station</a> (located near <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Lime_Street_railway_station" title="Liverpool Lime Street railway station">Lime Street railway station</a>) for services north and east of the city, and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_One_bus_station" title="Liverpool One bus station">Liverpool One bus station</a> (located near the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Dock,_Liverpool" title="Royal Albert Dock, Liverpool">Royal Albert Dock</a>) for services to the south and east.<a href="#cite_note-439">[434]</a> <a href="/wiki/River_Mersey" title="River Mersey">Cross-river</a> services to the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Wirral" title="Metropolitan Borough of Wirral">Wirral</a> use roadside terminus points in Castle Street and Sir Thomas Street. A <a href="/wiki/Night_bus_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Night bus service">night bus service</a> also operates on Saturdays providing services from the city centre across Liverpool and wider region.<a href="#cite_note-440">[435]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tour_bus_service" title="Tour bus service">Tour bus services</a> are provided by Maghull Coaches which allow tourists to <a href="/wiki/City_Sightseeing" title="City Sightseeing">hop-on-hop-off</a> and view historical landmarks and attractions, as well as <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_F.C." title="Liverpool F.C.">Liverpool F.C.</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">Beatles</a> related locations.<a href="#cite_note-441">[436]</a><a href="#cite_note-442">[437]</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Express_Coaches" title="National Express Coaches">National Express</a> services operate from the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_One_bus_station" title="Liverpool One bus station">Liverpool One bus station</a> to and from destinations across the UK.<a href="#cite_note-443">[438]</a> In 2023, the Liverpool city region confirmed plans to become the second place outside London to implement <a href="/wiki/Bus_franchising" class="mw-redirect" title="Bus franchising">bus franchising</a>. Local leaders have argued that it will improve services by transferring control over fares, ticketing and routes from bus companies to the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Region_Combined_Authority" title="Liverpool City Region Combined Authority">Combined Authority</a>. The full implementation of bus franchising will take place by the end of 2028.<a href="#cite_note-444">[439]</a><a href="#cite_note-445">[440]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mersey_Ferry">Mersey Ferry</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mersey_Ferry_Royal_Iris_and_HMS_Illustrious,_River_Mersey_(geograph_3786310).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Mersey_Ferry_Royal_Iris_and_HMS_Illustrious%2C_River_Mersey_%28geograph_3786310%29.jpg/220px-Mersey_Ferry_Royal_Iris_and_HMS_Illustrious%2C_River_Mersey_%28geograph_3786310%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Mersey_Ferry_Royal_Iris_and_HMS_Illustrious%2C_River_Mersey_%28geograph_3786310%29.jpg/330px-Mersey_Ferry_Royal_Iris_and_HMS_Illustrious%2C_River_Mersey_%28geograph_3786310%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Mersey_Ferry_Royal_Iris_and_HMS_Illustrious%2C_River_Mersey_%28geograph_3786310%29.jpg/440px-Mersey_Ferry_Royal_Iris_and_HMS_Illustrious%2C_River_Mersey_%28geograph_3786310%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Mersey_Ferry" title="Mersey Ferry">Mersey Ferry</a> (foreground) with the Liverpool waterfront in the distance</figcaption></figure> The cross-river ferry service in Liverpool, known as the <a href="/wiki/Mersey_Ferry" title="Mersey Ferry">Mersey Ferry</a>, is managed and operated by <a href="/wiki/Merseytravel" title="Merseytravel">Merseytravel</a>, with services operating between the <a href="/wiki/Pier_Head" title="Pier Head">Pier Head</a> in Liverpool city centre and both <a href="/wiki/Woodside,_Merseyside" title="Woodside, Merseyside">Woodside</a> in <a href="/wiki/Birkenhead" title="Birkenhead">Birkenhead</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seacombe" title="Seacombe">Seacombe</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wallasey" title="Wallasey">Wallasey</a>. Services operate at intervals ranging from 20 minutes, at peak times, to every hour during the middle of the day and at weekends.<a href="#cite_note-446">[441]</a> Despite remaining an important transport link between the city and the Wirral Peninsula, the Mersey Ferry has become an increasingly popular tourist attraction within the city, with daytime River Explorer Cruises providing passengers with an historical overview of the <a href="/wiki/River_Mersey" title="River Mersey">River Mersey</a> and surrounding areas.<a href="#cite_note-447">[442]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cycling_and_scooters">Cycling and scooters</h3></div> A <a href="/wiki/Scooter-sharing_system" title="Scooter-sharing system">scooter-sharing system</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electric_bicycle" title="Electric bicycle">electric bicycle</a> scheme operates throughout Liverpool which allows residents and visitors to move around the city on rented scooters and bicycles. The scheme is operated by Swedish technology company Voi, and riders are able to pick up and drop off bikes and scooters at various locations around the city.<a href="#cite_note-448">[443]</a><a href="#cite_note-449">[444]</a><a href="#cite_note-450">[445]</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Cycle_Route_56" title="National Cycle Route 56">National Cycle Route 56</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Cycle_Route_62" title="National Cycle Route 62">National Cycle Route 62</a> and National Cycle Route 810 run through Liverpool. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Liverpool" title="Culture of Liverpool">Culture of Liverpool</a></div> As with other large cities, Liverpool is an important cultural centre within the United Kingdom, incorporating music, performing arts, museums and art galleries, literature and nightlife among others. In 2008, the cultural heritage of the city was celebrated with the city holding the title of <a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capital of Culture</a>, during which time a wide range of cultural celebrations took place in the city, including <a href="/wiki/Go_Superlambananas!" title="Go Superlambananas!">Go Superlambananas!</a> and <a href="/wiki/La_Princesse" title="La Princesse">La Princesse</a>. Liverpool has also held Europe's largest music and poetry event, the <a href="/wiki/National_Eisteddfod_of_Wales" title="National Eisteddfod of Wales">Welsh national Eisteddfod</a>, three times, despite being in England, in 1884, 1900, and 1929. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Liverpool" title="Music of Liverpool">Music of Liverpool</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">Beat music</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Beatles_Statues.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/The_Beatles_Statues.jpg/220px-The_Beatles_Statues.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/The_Beatles_Statues.jpg/330px-The_Beatles_Statues.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/The_Beatles_Statues.jpg/440px-The_Beatles_Statues.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> statue at <a href="/wiki/Pier_Head" title="Pier Head">Pier Head</a>. The group are the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed band in popular music.<a href="#cite_note-451">[446]</a></figcaption></figure> Liverpool is internationally known for music and is recognised by Guinness World Records as the "World Capital City of Pop".<a href="#cite_note-452">[447]</a> Musicians from the city have produced 58 No. 1 singles, more than any other city in the world.<a href="#cite_note-453">[448]</a> Both the most successful <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">male band</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spice_Girls" title="Spice Girls">girl group</a> in global music history have contained Liverpudlian members. Liverpool is most famous as the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a> and during the 1960s was at the forefront of the <a href="/wiki/Beat_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Beat Music">Beat Music</a> movement, which would eventually lead to the <a href="/wiki/British_Invasion" title="British Invasion">British Invasion</a>. Many notable musicians of the time originated in the city including <a href="/wiki/Billy_J._Kramer" title="Billy J. Kramer">Billy J. Kramer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cilla_Black" title="Cilla Black">Cilla Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerry_and_the_Pacemakers" title="Gerry and the Pacemakers">Gerry and the Pacemakers</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Searchers_(band)" title="The Searchers (band)">The Searchers</a>. The influence of musicians from Liverpool, coupled with other cultural exploits of the time, such as the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_poets" title="Liverpool poets">Liverpool poets</a>, prompted American poet <a href="/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a> to proclaim that the city was "the centre of consciousness of the human universe".<a href="#cite_note-454">[449]</a> Other musicians from Liverpool include <a href="/wiki/Billy_Fury" title="Billy Fury">Billy Fury</a>, <a href="/wiki/A_Flock_of_Seagulls" title="A Flock of Seagulls">A Flock of Seagulls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Echo_%26_the_Bunnymen" title="Echo & the Bunnymen">Echo & the Bunnymen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankie_Goes_to_Hollywood" title="Frankie Goes to Hollywood">Frankie Goes to Hollywood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankie_Vaughan" title="Frankie Vaughan">Frankie Vaughan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anathema_(band)" title="Anathema (band)">Anathema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ladytron" title="Ladytron">Ladytron</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Zutons" title="The Zutons">The Zutons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cast_(band)" title="Cast (band)">Cast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atomic_Kitten" title="Atomic Kitten">Atomic Kitten</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Ferguson_(singer)" title="Rebecca Ferguson (singer)">Rebecca Ferguson</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_La%27s" title="The La's">The La's</a> 1990 hit single "<a href="/wiki/There_She_Goes_(The_La%27s_song)" title="There She Goes (The La's song)">There She Goes</a>" was described by <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> as a "founding piece of <a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a>'s foundation."<a href="#cite_note-455">[450]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philharmonic_Hall,_Liverpool.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Philharmonic_Hall%2C_Liverpool.jpg/220px-Philharmonic_Hall%2C_Liverpool.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Philharmonic_Hall%2C_Liverpool.jpg/330px-Philharmonic_Hall%2C_Liverpool.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Philharmonic_Hall%2C_Liverpool.jpg/440px-Philharmonic_Hall%2C_Liverpool.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1215" data-file-height="911" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Philharmonic_Hall,_Liverpool" title="Philharmonic Hall, Liverpool">Philharmonic Hall</a>, home of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Liverpool_Philharmonic" title="Royal Liverpool Philharmonic">Royal Liverpool Philharmonic</a></figcaption></figure> The city is also home to the oldest surviving professional <a href="/wiki/Symphony_orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Symphony orchestra">symphony orchestra</a> in the UK, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Liverpool_Philharmonic_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra">Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra</a>, which is based in the <a href="/wiki/Philharmonic_Hall,_Liverpool" title="Philharmonic Hall, Liverpool">Philharmonic Hall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-456">[451]</a> The chief conductor of the orchestra is <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Petrenko" title="Vasily Petrenko">Vasily Petrenko</a>.<a href="#cite_note-457">[452]</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Edward Elgar</a> dedicated his <a href="/wiki/Pomp_and_Circumstance#March_No._1_in_D" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomp and Circumstance">Pomp and Circumstance March No. 1</a> to the Liverpool Orchestral Society, and the piece had its first performance in the city in 1901.<a href="#cite_note-458">[453]</a> Among Liverpool's curiosities, the Austrian émigré <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Spiegl" title="Fritz Spiegl">Fritz Spiegl</a> is notable. He not only became a world expert on the etymology of <a href="/wiki/Scouse" title="Scouse">Scouse</a>, but composed the music to <a href="/wiki/Z-cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Z-cars">Z-cars</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Radio_4_UK_Theme" title="Radio 4 UK Theme">Radio 4 UK Theme</a>. Well established festivals in the city include <a href="/wiki/Africa_Oy%C3%A9" title="Africa Oyé">Africa Oyé</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brazilica_Festival" title="Brazilica Festival">Brazilica</a> which are the UK's largest free African and Brazilian music festivals respectively.<a href="#cite_note-459">[454]</a><a href="#cite_note-460">[455]</a> The dance music festival <a href="/wiki/Creamfields" title="Creamfields">Creamfields</a> was established by the Liverpool-based <a href="/wiki/Cream_(nightclub)" title="Cream (nightclub)">Cream</a> clubbing brand which started life as a weekly event at Nation nightclub. There are numerous music venues located across the city, however, the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Arena" title="Liverpool Arena">Liverpool Arena</a> is by far the largest. Opened in 2008, the 11,000-seat arena hosted the <a href="/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Awards_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="MTV Europe Music Awards 2008">MTV Europe Music Awards</a> the same year, and since then has played host to world-renowned acts such as <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Bocelli" title="Andrea Bocelli">Andrea Bocelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kasabian" title="Kasabian">Kasabian</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Killers" title="The Killers">The Killers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oasis_(band)" title="Oasis (band)">Oasis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pink_(singer)" title="Pink (singer)">Pink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a>, and <a href="/wiki/UB40" title="UB40">UB40</a>. On 7 October 2022, the [[publisherBBCrporation and the <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a> (EBU) announced that Liverpool would host the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2023" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2023">Eurovision Song Contest 2023</a> on behalf of the previous year's winning country <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, which was unable to meet the demands of hosting the event due to security concerns caused by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of the country</a>. The contest was held at Liverpool Arena, and consisted of two semi-finals on 9 and 11 May and a final on 13 May 2023. This was the first time that the contest took place in the city, and was also a record-extending ninth time that the UK has hosted the contest, having last done so in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1998" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1998">1998</a>.<a href="#cite_note-461">[456]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_arts">Visual arts</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_Cultural_Quarter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Liverpool_Cultural_Quarter.jpg/330px-Liverpool_Cultural_Quarter.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Liverpool_Cultural_Quarter.jpg/495px-Liverpool_Cultural_Quarter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Liverpool_Cultural_Quarter.jpg/660px-Liverpool_Cultural_Quarter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3206" data-file-height="957" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Brown_Street" title="William Brown Street">William Brown Street</a>, also known as the Cultural Quarter, was a <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Maritime_Mercantile_City" title="Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City">World Heritage Site</a> consisting of the <a href="/wiki/World_Museum" title="World Museum">World Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Central_Library" title="Liverpool Central Library">Central Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picton_Reading_Room_and_Hornby_Library" title="Picton Reading Room and Hornby Library">Picton Reading Room</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walker_Art_Gallery" title="Walker Art Gallery">Walker Art Gallery</a>.</figcaption></figure> Liverpool has more galleries and national museums than any other city in the United Kingdom apart from London.<a href="#cite_note-visitliverpool-12">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Museums_Liverpool" title="National Museums Liverpool">National Museums Liverpool</a> is the only English national collection based wholly outside London.<a href="#cite_note-462">[457]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tate_Liverpool" title="Tate Liverpool">Tate Liverpool</a> gallery houses the modern art collection of the Tate in the North of England and was, until the opening of <a href="/wiki/Tate_Modern" title="Tate Modern">Tate Modern</a>, the largest exhibition space dedicated to modern art in the United Kingdom. The <a href="/wiki/FACT_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="FACT centre">FACT centre</a> hosts touring multimedia exhibitions, while the <a href="/wiki/Walker_Art_Gallery" title="Walker Art Gallery">Walker Art Gallery</a> houses one of the most impressive permanent collections of <a href="/wiki/Pre-Raphaelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Raphaelite">Pre-Raphaelite</a> art in the world.<a href="#cite_note-463">[458]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sudley_House" title="Sudley House">Sudley House</a> contains another major collection of pre-20th-century art.<a href="#cite_note-liverpoolmuseums-464">[459]</a> Liverpool University's <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Gallery_%26_Museum" title="Victoria Gallery & Museum">Victoria Building</a> was re-opened as a public art gallery and museum to display the university's artwork and historical collections which include the largest display of art by <a href="/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon">Audubon</a> outside the US.<a href="#cite_note-465">[460]</a> A number of artists have also come from the city, including painter <a href="/wiki/George_Stubbs" title="George Stubbs">George Stubbs</a> who was born in Liverpool in 1724. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nelson_Monument,_Liverpool.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Nelson_Monument%2C_Liverpool.jpg/170px-Nelson_Monument%2C_Liverpool.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Nelson_Monument%2C_Liverpool.jpg/255px-Nelson_Monument%2C_Liverpool.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Nelson_Monument%2C_Liverpool.jpg/340px-Nelson_Monument%2C_Liverpool.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2191" data-file-height="3066" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Monument,_Liverpool" title="Nelson Monument, Liverpool">Nelson Monument</a> at <a href="/wiki/Exchange_Flags" title="Exchange Flags">Exchange Flags</a>. A short distance away another noted commander from the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> is commemorated by <a href="/wiki/Wellington%27s_Column" title="Wellington's Column">Wellington's Column</a>.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Biennial" title="Liverpool Biennial">Liverpool Biennial</a> festival of arts runs from mid-September to late November and comprises three main sections; the International, The Independents and New Contemporaries although fringe events are timed to coincide.<a href="#cite_note-biennial-466">[461]</a> It was during the 2004 festival that <a href="/wiki/Yoko_Ono" title="Yoko Ono">Yoko Ono</a>'s work "My mummy was beautiful" invited controversy when photographs of a woman's breast and crotch were exhibited on the main shopping street.<a href="#cite_note-467">[462]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Felicia_Hemans" title="Felicia Hemans">Felicia Hemans</a> (née Browne) was born in Dale Street, Liverpool, in 1793, although she later moved to Flintshire, in Wales. Felicia was born in Liverpool, a granddaughter of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian</a> <a href="/wiki/Consulate_general" class="mw-redirect" title="Consulate general">consul</a> in that city. Her father's business soon brought the family to <a href="/wiki/Denbighshire_(historic)" title="Denbighshire (historic)">Denbighshire</a> in North Wales, where she spent her youth. They made their home near Abergele and <a href="/wiki/St._Asaph" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Asaph">St. Asaph</a> (<a href="/wiki/Flintshire_(historic)" title="Flintshire (historic)">Flintshire</a>), and it is clear that she came to regard herself as Welsh by adoption, later referring to Wales as "Land of my childhood, my home and my dead". Her first poems, dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/George_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George IV of the United Kingdom">Prince of Wales</a>, were published in Liverpool in 1808, when she was only fourteen, arousing the interest of <a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">Percy Bysshe Shelley</a>, who briefly corresponded with her. <a href="#cite_note-inspidered.wordpress.com-468">[463]</a> An engraving of a painting of <a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Letitia_Elizabeth_Landon_(L._E._L.)_in_Fisher%27s_Drawing_Room_Scrap_Book,_1834/The_Wishing_Gate" class="extiw" title="s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1834/The Wishing Gate">The Wishing Gate</a>. by S. F. Serres was published in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1834 with a poetical illustration by <a href="/wiki/Letitia_Elizabeth_Landon" title="Letitia Elizabeth Landon">Letitia Elizabeth Landon</a> to which she adds the note 'I believe that to this haunted gate, a common superstition is attached, namely, that to wish, and to have that wish fulfilled, is the result of such wish being uttered while passing'. It stood on the North Shore before the docks were built and was a place where farewells could be waved to departing voyagers.<a href="#cite_note-469">[464]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dickens_plaque,_The_Old_Bridewell,_Campbell_Square.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Dickens_plaque%2C_The_Old_Bridewell%2C_Campbell_Square.jpg/220px-Dickens_plaque%2C_The_Old_Bridewell%2C_Campbell_Square.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Dickens_plaque%2C_The_Old_Bridewell%2C_Campbell_Square.jpg/330px-Dickens_plaque%2C_The_Old_Bridewell%2C_Campbell_Square.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Dickens_plaque%2C_The_Old_Bridewell%2C_Campbell_Square.jpg/440px-Dickens_plaque%2C_The_Old_Bridewell%2C_Campbell_Square.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Plaque in Campbell Square commemorating <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a> who from 1842 gave public readings of his novels at <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Hall,_Liverpool" title="St George's Hall, Liverpool">St George's Hall</a>, and who for one day in 1860 was appointed a special <a href="/wiki/Special_Constabulary" title="Special Constabulary">police constable</a> in the city while researching a novel.</figcaption></figure> A number of notable authors have visited Liverpool, including <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defoe" title="Daniel Defoe">Daniel Defoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Washington Irving</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_De_Quincey" title="Thomas De Quincey">Thomas De Quincey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Herman Melville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Manley_Hopkins" title="Gerard Manley Hopkins">Gerard Manley Hopkins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Walpole" title="Hugh Walpole">Hugh Walpole</a>. Defoe, after visiting the city, described it, as "one of the wonders of Britain in his 'Tour through England and Wales'".<a href="#cite_note-470">[465]</a> Melville's novel <a href="/wiki/Redburn" title="Redburn">Redburn</a> deals with the first seagoing voyage of 19 years old Wellingborough Redburn between New York and Liverpool in 1839. Largely autobiographical, the middle sections of the book are set in Liverpool and describe the young merchantman's wanderings, and his reflections.<a href="#cite_note-inspidered.wordpress.com-468">[463]</a> From 1842 to 1869, Dickens visited the city to give public readings of his novels.<a href="#cite_note-471">[466]</a> Hawthorne was stationed in Liverpool as United States consul between 1853 and 1856.<a href="#cite_note-472">[467]</a> Hopkins served as priest at St Francis Xavier Church, Langdale St., Liverpool, between 1879 and 81.<a href="#cite_note-473">[468]</a> Although he is not known to have ever visited Liverpool, <a href="/wiki/Jung" class="mw-redirect" title="Jung">Jung</a> famously had a vivid dream of the city which he analysed in one of his works.<a href="#cite_note-474">[469]</a> <a href="/wiki/Her_Benny" title="Her Benny">Her Benny</a>, a novel telling the tragic story of Liverpool street urchins in the 1870s, written by Methodist preacher <a href="/wiki/Silas_K._Hocking" title="Silas K. Hocking">Silas K. Hocking</a>, was a best-seller and the first book to sell a million copies in the author's lifetime.<a href="#cite_note-475">[470]</a> The prolific writer of adventure novels, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Edward_Bindloss" title="Harold Edward Bindloss">Harold Edward Bindloss</a> (1866–1945), was born in Liverpool. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CliveBarker_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/CliveBarker_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-CliveBarker_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/CliveBarker_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-CliveBarker_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/CliveBarker_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-CliveBarker_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="1028" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Clive_Barker" title="Clive Barker">Clive Barker</a>, Liverpool born writer of <a href="/wiki/Hellraiser" title="Hellraiser">Hellraiser</a> and creator of <a href="/wiki/Candyman_(character)" title="Candyman (character)">Candyman</a></figcaption></figure> The writer, docker and political activist <a href="/wiki/George_Garrett_(activist)" title="George Garrett (activist)">George Garrett</a> was born in <a href="/wiki/Seacombe" title="Seacombe">Seacombe</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Wirral_Peninsula" title="Wirral Peninsula">Wirral Peninsula</a> in 1896 and was brought up in Liverpool's South end, around Park Road, the son of a fierce Liverpool–Irish Catholic mother and a staunch 'Orange' stevedore father. In the 1920s and 1930s, his organisation within the Seamen's Vigilance Committees, unemployed demonstrations, and hunger marches from Liverpool became part of a wider cultural force. He spoke at reconciliation meetings in sectarian Liverpool, and helped found the <a href="/wiki/Unity_Theatre,_Liverpool" title="Unity Theatre, Liverpool">Unity Theatre</a> in the 1930s as part of the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular Front">Popular Front</a> against the rise of fascism, particularly its echoes in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>. Garrett died in 1966.<a href="#cite_note-476">[471]</a> The novelist and playwright <a href="/wiki/James_Hanley_(novelist)" title="James Hanley (novelist)">James Hanley</a> (1897–1985) was born in <a href="/wiki/Kirkdale,_Merseyside" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirkdale, Merseyside">Kirkdale</a>, Liverpool, in 1897 (not <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, nor 1901 as he generally implied) to a working-class family.<a href="#cite_note-477">[472]</a> Hanley grew up close to the docks and much of his early writing is about seamen. <a href="/wiki/The_Furys_Chronicle" title="The Furys Chronicle">The Furys</a> (1935) is first in a sequence of five loosely autobiographical novels about working-class life in Liverpool. James Hanley's brother, novelist <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Hanley" title="Gerald Hanley">Gerald Hanley</a> (1916–92) was also born in Liverpool (not <a href="/wiki/County_Cork" title="County Cork">County Cork</a>, Ireland, as he claimed).<a href="#cite_note-478">[473]</a> While he published a number of novels he also wrote <a href="/wiki/Radio_drama" title="Radio drama">radio plays</a> for the BBC as well as some film scripts, most notably <a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Max" title="The Blue Max">The Blue Max</a> (1966).<a href="#cite_note-479">[474]</a> He was also one of several scriptwriters for a life of <a href="/wiki/Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandhi">Gandhi</a> (1964).<a href="#cite_note-480">[475]</a> Novelist <a href="/wiki/Beryl_Bainbridge" title="Beryl Bainbridge">Beryl Bainbridge</a> (1932–2010) was born in Liverpool and raised in nearby <a href="/wiki/Formby" title="Formby">Formby</a>. She was primarily known for her works of <a href="/wiki/Psychological_fiction" title="Psychological fiction">psychological fiction</a>, often set among the English working classes. Bainbridge won the <a href="/wiki/Costa_Book_Awards" title="Costa Book Awards">Whitbread Awards</a> prize for best novel in <a href="/wiki/1977_Whitbread_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="1977 Whitbread Awards">1977</a> and <a href="/wiki/1996_Whitbread_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Whitbread Awards">1996</a> and was nominated five times for the <a href="/wiki/Booker_Prize" title="Booker Prize">Booker Prize</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> newspaper named Bainbridge among their list of "The 50 greatest <a href="/wiki/British_literature" title="British literature">British writers</a> since 1945".<a href="#cite_note-481">[476]</a> <a href="/wiki/J._G._Farrell" title="J. G. Farrell">J. G. Farrell</a> was born in Liverpool in 1935 but left at the outbreak of war in 1939.<a href="#cite_note-482">[477]</a> A novelist of Irish descent, Farrell gained prominence for his historical fiction, most notably his Empire Trilogy (<a href="/wiki/Troubles_(novel)" title="Troubles (novel)">Troubles</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Siege_of_Krishnapur" title="The Siege of Krishnapur">The Siege of Krishnapur</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Singapore_Grip" title="The Singapore Grip">The Singapore Grip</a>), dealing with the political and human consequences of British colonial rule. However, his career ended when he drowned in Ireland in 1979 at the age of 44. <a href="/wiki/Helen_Forrester" title="Helen Forrester">Helen Forrester</a> was the pen name of June Bhatia (née Huband) (1919–2011),<a href="#cite_note-Obituary-483">[478]</a><a href="#cite_note-484">[479]</a> who was known for her books about her early childhood in Liverpool during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, including Twopence to Cross the Mersey (1974), as well as several works of fiction. During the late 1960s the city became well known for the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_poets" title="Liverpool poets">Liverpool poets</a>, who include <a href="/wiki/Roger_McGough" title="Roger McGough">Roger McGough</a> and the late <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Henri" title="Adrian Henri">Adrian Henri</a>. An anthology of poems, <a href="/wiki/The_Mersey_Sound_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Mersey Sound (book)">The Mersey Sound</a>, written by Henri, McGough and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Patten" title="Brian Patten">Brian Patten</a>, has sold well since it was first being published in 1967. Liverpool has produced several noted writers of horror fiction, often set on Merseyside – <a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Campbell" title="Ramsey Campbell">Ramsey Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clive_Barker" title="Clive Barker">Clive Barker</a> and Peter Atkins among them. A collection of Liverpudlian horror fiction, Spook City was edited by a Liverpool expatriate, Angus Mackenzie, and introduced by Doug Bradley, also from Liverpool.<a href="#cite_note-485">[480]</a> Bradley is famed for portraying Barker's creation Pinhead in the Hellraiser series of films. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performing_arts">Performing arts</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Empire_Theatre,_Liverpool_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Empire_Theatre%2C_Liverpool_2018.jpg/220px-Empire_Theatre%2C_Liverpool_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Empire_Theatre%2C_Liverpool_2018.jpg/330px-Empire_Theatre%2C_Liverpool_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Empire_Theatre%2C_Liverpool_2018.jpg/440px-Empire_Theatre%2C_Liverpool_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4804" data-file-height="3035" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Empire_Theatre" title="Liverpool Empire Theatre">Empire Theatre</a> has the largest two-tier auditorium in the UK.</figcaption></figure> Liverpool also has a long history of performing arts, reflected in several annual theatre festivals such as the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Shakespeare_Festival" title="Liverpool Shakespeare Festival">Liverpool Shakespeare Festival</a>, which takes place inside <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Cathedral" title="Liverpool Cathedral">Liverpool Cathedral</a> and in the adjacent historic St James' Gardens every summer; the Everyword Festival of new theatre writing, the only one of its kind in the country;<a href="#cite_note-486">[481]</a> Physical Fest, an international festival of physical theatre;<a href="#cite_note-487">[482]</a> the annual festivals organised by <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Moores_University" title="Liverpool John Moores University">Liverpool John Moores University</a>'s drama department and the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Institute_for_Performing_Arts" title="Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts">Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts</a>; and other festivals by the large number of theatres in the city, such as the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Empire_Theatre" title="Liverpool Empire Theatre">Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Everyman_Theatre,_Liverpool" title="Everyman Theatre, Liverpool">Everyman</a>,<a href="#cite_note-488">[483]</a><a href="#cite_note-489">[484]</a> <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Playhouse" title="Liverpool Playhouse">Playhouse</a>,<a href="#cite_note-everymanplayhouse-490">[485]</a><a href="#cite_note-unitytheatre-491">[486]</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_Theatre,_Liverpool" title="Royal Court Theatre, Liverpool">Royal Court</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Unity_Theatre,_Liverpool" title="Unity Theatre, Liverpool">Unity</a> theatres. Notable actors and actresses from Liverpool include <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Askey" title="Arthur Askey">Arthur Askey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Baker" title="Tom Baker">Tom Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kim_Cattrall" title="Kim Cattrall">Kim Cattrall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jodie_Comer" title="Jodie Comer">Jodie Comer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Graham" title="Stephen Graham">Stephen Graham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rex_Harrison" title="Rex Harrison">Rex Harrison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jason_Isaacs" title="Jason Isaacs">Jason Isaacs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tina_Malone" title="Tina Malone">Tina Malone</a>, the McGann brothers (<a href="/wiki/Joe_McGann" title="Joe McGann">Joe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_McGann" title="Mark McGann">Mark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_McGann" title="Paul McGann">Paul</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_McGann" title="Stephen McGann">Stephen</a>), <a href="/wiki/David_Morrissey" title="David Morrissey">David Morrissey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Morton" title="Elizabeth Morton">Elizabeth Morton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Serafinowicz" title="Peter Serafinowicz">Peter Serafinowicz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Sladen" title="Elisabeth Sladen">Elisabeth Sladen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alison_Steadman" title="Alison Steadman">Alison Steadman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rita_Tushingham" title="Rita Tushingham">Rita Tushingham</a>. Actors and actresses from elsewhere in the world have strong ties to the city, such as Canadian actor <a href="/wiki/Mike_Myers" title="Mike Myers">Mike Myers</a> (whose parents were both from Liverpool) and American actress <a href="/wiki/Halle_Berry" title="Halle Berry">Halle Berry</a> (whose mother was from Liverpool). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nightlife">Nightlife</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mathew_Street,_intersection_with_Temple_Court,_Liverpool_(2017-11-18_00.12.15_by_Bj%C3%B6rn_Golda).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Mathew_Street%2C_intersection_with_Temple_Court%2C_Liverpool_%282017-11-18_00.12.15_by_Bj%C3%B6rn_Golda%29.jpg/220px-Mathew_Street%2C_intersection_with_Temple_Court%2C_Liverpool_%282017-11-18_00.12.15_by_Bj%C3%B6rn_Golda%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Mathew_Street%2C_intersection_with_Temple_Court%2C_Liverpool_%282017-11-18_00.12.15_by_Bj%C3%B6rn_Golda%29.jpg/330px-Mathew_Street%2C_intersection_with_Temple_Court%2C_Liverpool_%282017-11-18_00.12.15_by_Bj%C3%B6rn_Golda%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Mathew_Street%2C_intersection_with_Temple_Court%2C_Liverpool_%282017-11-18_00.12.15_by_Bj%C3%B6rn_Golda%29.jpg/440px-Mathew_Street%2C_intersection_with_Temple_Court%2C_Liverpool_%282017-11-18_00.12.15_by_Bj%C3%B6rn_Golda%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Nightlife in <a href="/wiki/Mathew_Street" title="Mathew Street">Mathew Street</a> and Temple Court, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_city_centre" title="Liverpool city centre">Liverpool city centre</a></figcaption></figure> Liverpool has a thriving and varied nightlife. The majority of the city's late-night restaurants, bars, pubs, nightclubs, music venues and comedy clubs are located in a number of distinct districts. In 2023, figures from global data company <a href="/wiki/Square_(financial_services)" title="Square (financial services)">Square</a> show that night-time spending in bars and restaurants in <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_city_centre" title="Liverpool city centre">Liverpool city centre</a> outperformed all <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">major UK cities</a>, including London.<a href="#cite_note-492">[487]</a> Figures by the Liverpool BID Company suggest that the busiest nights of the week in <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_city_centre" title="Liverpool city centre">Liverpool city centre</a> are Friday and Saturday. Using cameras to track the flow of people in key locations between 7 pm and 4 am, at least 1.5 million people pass through the city centre every Friday night and almost 2 million people on Saturday nights. The data demonstrates that Monday night is the quietest night of the week in the city centre and footfall then increases every single night to reach its peak on Saturday nights. 125,889 people worked in the city's night time economy as of 2022, according to the Liverpool BID Company.<a href="#cite_note-493">[488]</a><a href="#cite_note-494">[489]</a><a href="#cite_note-495">[490]</a> Liverpool's nightlife is concentrated in a number of districts including <a href="/wiki/RopeWalks,_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="RopeWalks, Liverpool">Ropewalks</a> which comprises <a href="/wiki/Concert_Square,_Liverpool" title="Concert Square, Liverpool">Concert Square</a>, St. Peter's Square and the adjoining Seel Street and Duke Street. Other popular areas include <a href="/wiki/Hardman_Street" title="Hardman Street">Hardman Street</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mathew_Street" title="Mathew Street">Cavern Quarter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Triangle" title="Baltic Triangle">Baltic Triangle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Dock,_Liverpool" title="Royal Albert Dock, Liverpool">Royal Albert Dock</a> and the city's <a href="/wiki/Pride_Quarter,_Liverpool" title="Pride Quarter, Liverpool">Pride Quarter</a>, which is home to a large number of <a href="/wiki/Gay_bar" title="Gay bar">LGBT venues</a>.<a href="#cite_note-496">[491]</a><a href="#cite_note-497">[492]</a> In the city's suburbs, <a href="/wiki/Lark_Lane,_Liverpool" title="Lark Lane, Liverpool">Lark Lane</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aigburth" title="Aigburth">Aigburth</a> is noted for an abundance of bars and late-night venues.<a href="#cite_note-498">[493]</a><a href="#cite_note-499">[494]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Liverpool" title="List of schools in Liverpool">List of schools in Liverpool</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoria_Building,_University_of_Liverpool_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Victoria_Building%2C_University_of_Liverpool_2019.jpg/220px-Victoria_Building%2C_University_of_Liverpool_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Victoria_Building%2C_University_of_Liverpool_2019.jpg/330px-Victoria_Building%2C_University_of_Liverpool_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Victoria_Building%2C_University_of_Liverpool_2019.jpg/440px-Victoria_Building%2C_University_of_Liverpool_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4134" data-file-height="3246" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">University of Liverpool</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Building,_University_of_Liverpool" title="Victoria Building, University of Liverpool">Victoria Building</a></figcaption></figure> In Liverpool primary and secondary education is available in various forms supported by the state including secular, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>, Jewish, and Roman Catholic. <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> education is available at primary level, but there is no secondary provision. One of Liverpool's important early schools was <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Blue_Coat_School" title="Liverpool Blue Coat School">The Liverpool Blue Coat School</a>; founded in 1708 as a charitable school. It is now a <a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">state</a> <a href="/wiki/Grammar_school" title="Grammar school">grammar school</a>. The Liverpool Blue Coat School is the top-performing school in the city with 100% 5 or more A*-C grades at GCSE resulting in the 30th best GCSE results in the country and an average point score per student of 1087.4 in A/AS levels.<a href="#cite_note-500">[495]</a> Other notable schools include <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_College" title="Liverpool College">Liverpool College</a> founded in 1840 <a href="/wiki/Merchant_Taylors%27_School,_Northwood" title="Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood">Merchant Taylors' School</a> founded in 1620.<a href="#cite_note-liverpoolcollege-501">[496]</a> Another of Liverpool's notable senior schools is <a href="/wiki/St_Edward%27s_College" title="St Edward's College">St. Edward's College</a> situated in the West Derby area of the city. Historic grammar schools, such as the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Institute_High_School_for_Boys" title="Liverpool Institute High School for Boys">Liverpool Institute High School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Collegiate_School" title="Liverpool Collegiate School">Liverpool Collegiate School</a>—both closed in the 1980s—are still remembered as centres of academic excellence. Bellerive Catholic College is the city's top-performing non-selective school, based upon GCSE results in 2007. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LJMU_Byrom_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/LJMU_Byrom_Street.jpg/220px-LJMU_Byrom_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/LJMU_Byrom_Street.jpg/330px-LJMU_Byrom_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/LJMU_Byrom_Street.jpg/440px-LJMU_Byrom_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="705" data-file-height="388" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Moores_University" title="Liverpool John Moores University">Liverpool John Moores University</a>'s <a href="/wiki/James_Parsons_Building" title="James Parsons Building">James Parsons Building</a></figcaption></figure> Liverpool has three universities: the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">University of Liverpool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Moores_University" title="Liverpool John Moores University">Liverpool John Moores University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Hope_University" title="Liverpool Hope University">Liverpool Hope University</a>. <a href="/wiki/Edge_Hill_University" title="Edge Hill University">Edge Hill University</a>, founded as a <a href="/wiki/Normal_school" title="Normal school">teacher-training college</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Edge_Hill,_Liverpool" title="Edge Hill, Liverpool">Edge Hill</a> district of Liverpool, is now located in <a href="/wiki/Ormskirk" title="Ormskirk">Ormskirk</a> in South-West Lancashire. Liverpool is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Institute_for_Performing_Arts" title="Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts">Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts</a> (LIPA). The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">University of Liverpool</a> was established in 1881 as University College Liverpool. In 1884, it became part of the federal <a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_(United_Kingdom)" title="Victoria University (United Kingdom)">Victoria University</a>. Following a Royal Charter and Act of Parliament in 1903, it became an independent university, the University of Liverpool, with the right to confer its own degrees. It was the first university to offer degrees in biochemistry, architecture, civic design, veterinary science, oceanography and social science. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_Community_College_Arts_Centre_-_geograph.org.uk_-_640908.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Liverpool_Community_College_Arts_Centre_-_geograph.org.uk_-_640908.jpg/220px-Liverpool_Community_College_Arts_Centre_-_geograph.org.uk_-_640908.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Liverpool_Community_College_Arts_Centre_-_geograph.org.uk_-_640908.jpg/330px-Liverpool_Community_College_Arts_Centre_-_geograph.org.uk_-_640908.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Liverpool_Community_College_Arts_Centre_-_geograph.org.uk_-_640908.jpg/440px-Liverpool_Community_College_Arts_Centre_-_geograph.org.uk_-_640908.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="461" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/City_of_Liverpool_College" title="City of Liverpool College">City of Liverpool College</a>'s Arts Centre</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Hope_University" title="Liverpool Hope University">Liverpool Hope University</a>, which was formed through the merger of three colleges, the earliest of which was founded in 1844, gained university status in 2005. It is the only ecumenical university in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-502">[497]</a> It is situated on both sides of Taggart Avenue in Childwall and has a second campus in the city centre (the Cornerstone). The <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_School_of_Tropical_Medicine" title="Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine">Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine</a>, founded to address some of the problems created by trade, continues today as a post-graduate school affiliated with the University of Liverpool and houses an anti-venom repository. <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Moores_University" title="Liverpool John Moores University">Liverpool John Moores University</a> was previously a <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_technology" title="Institute of technology">polytechnic</a>, and gained status in 1992. It is named in honour of <a href="/wiki/John_Moores_(British_businessman)" title="John Moores (British businessman)">Sir John Moores</a>, one of the founders of the <a href="/wiki/The_Very_Group" title="The Very Group">Littlewoods</a> football pools and retail group, who was a major benefactor. The institution was previously owned and run by Liverpool City Council. It traces it lineage to the Liverpool <a href="/wiki/Mechanics%27_institute" title="Mechanics' institute">Mechanics' institute</a>, opened in 1823, making it by this measure England's third-oldest university. The city has one <a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">further education</a> college, <a href="/wiki/City_of_Liverpool_College" title="City of Liverpool College">City of Liverpool College</a> in the city centre. Liverpool City Council operates <a href="/wiki/Burton_Manor" title="Burton Manor">Burton Manor</a>, a residential <a href="/wiki/Adult_education" title="Adult education">adult education</a> college in nearby <a href="/wiki/Burton_(near_Neston)" title="Burton (near Neston)">Burton</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Wirral_Peninsula" title="Wirral Peninsula">Wirral Peninsula</a>. There are two Jewish schools in Liverpool, both belonging to the King David Foundation. <a href="/wiki/King_David_High_School,_Liverpool" title="King David High School, Liverpool">King David School, Liverpool</a>, is the High School and the King David Primary School. There is also a King David Kindergarten, featured in the community centre of Harold House. These schools are all run by the King David Foundation located in Harold House in Childwall; conveniently next door to the <a href="/wiki/Childwall" title="Childwall">Childwall</a> Synagogue. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Football">Football</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luis_Suarez_runs_at_Distin_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Luis_Suarez_runs_at_Distin_3.jpg/200px-Luis_Suarez_runs_at_Distin_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Luis_Suarez_runs_at_Distin_3.jpg/300px-Luis_Suarez_runs_at_Distin_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Luis_Suarez_runs_at_Distin_3.jpg/400px-Luis_Suarez_runs_at_Distin_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="948" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Merseyside_derby" title="Merseyside derby">Merseyside derby</a> is the football match between the two biggest clubs in the city; <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_F.C." title="Liverpool F.C.">Liverpool</a> in red and <a href="/wiki/Everton_F.C." title="Everton F.C.">Everton</a> in blue</figcaption></figure> Liverpool is one of the most successful footballing cities in England, and is home to two top flight <a href="/wiki/Premier_League" title="Premier League">Premier League</a> teams. <a href="/wiki/Everton_F.C." title="Everton F.C.">Everton F.C.</a> was founded in 1878 and was one of the twelve founder members of the <a href="/wiki/English_Football_League" title="English Football League">Football League</a>. It plays at <a href="/wiki/Goodison_Park" title="Goodison Park">Goodison Park</a>. <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_F.C." title="Liverpool F.C.">Liverpool F.C.</a> were founded in 1892 and play at <a href="/wiki/Anfield" title="Anfield">Anfield</a>. Between them, the clubs have won 28 English First Division titles, 12 <a href="/wiki/FA_Cup" title="FA Cup">FA Cup</a> titles, 10 <a href="/wiki/EFL_Cup" title="EFL Cup">League Cup</a> titles, 6 <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League" title="UEFA Champions League">European Cup</a> titles, 1 <a href="/wiki/FIFA_Club_World_Cup" title="FIFA Club World Cup">FIFA Club World Cup</a> title, 1 <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Cup_Winners%27_Cup" title="UEFA Cup Winners' Cup">European Cup Winners' Cup</a> title, 3 <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Europa_League" title="UEFA Europa League">UEFA Cup</a> titles, and 24 <a href="/wiki/FA_Community_Shield" title="FA Community Shield">FA Charity Shields</a>. The two clubs contest the <a href="/wiki/Merseyside_derby" title="Merseyside derby">Merseyside derby</a>, dubbed the 'friendly derby'. Despite the name the fixture is known for its keen rivalry, having seen more sending-offs in this fixture than any other. Unlike many other derbies it is not rare for families in the city to contain supporters of both clubs.<a href="#cite_note-503">[498]</a> Liverpool F.C. is the English and British club with the most European Cup titles with six, the latest in <a href="/wiki/2019_UEFA_Champions_League_final" title="2019 UEFA Champions League final">2019</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_of_Anfield_with_new_main_stand_(29676137824).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Panorama_of_Anfield_with_new_main_stand_%2829676137824%29.jpg/220px-Panorama_of_Anfield_with_new_main_stand_%2829676137824%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Panorama_of_Anfield_with_new_main_stand_%2829676137824%29.jpg/330px-Panorama_of_Anfield_with_new_main_stand_%2829676137824%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Panorama_of_Anfield_with_new_main_stand_%2829676137824%29.jpg/440px-Panorama_of_Anfield_with_new_main_stand_%2829676137824%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3148" data-file-height="2143" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anfield" title="Anfield">Anfield</a>, home of Liverpool F.C.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_F.C." title="Liverpool F.C.">Liverpool</a> has played at <a href="/wiki/Anfield" title="Anfield">Anfield</a> since 1892, when the club was formed to occupy the stadium following <a href="/wiki/Everton_F.C." title="Everton F.C.">Everton's</a> departure due to a dispute with their landlord. Liverpool are still playing there 125 years later, although the ground has been completely rebuilt since the 1970s. The Spion Kop (rebuilt as an all-seater stand in 1994–95) was the most famous part of the ground, gaining cult status across the world due to the songs and celebrations of the many fans who packed onto its terraces. Anfield as capacity for 54,000 spectators in comfort and is a distinctive landmark in an area filled with smaller and older buildings. Liverpool club also has a multimillion-pound youth training facility called The Academy. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goodisonview1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Goodisonview1.JPG/220px-Goodisonview1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Goodisonview1.JPG/330px-Goodisonview1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Goodisonview1.JPG/440px-Goodisonview1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="918" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Goodison_Park" title="Goodison Park">Goodison Park</a>, home of Everton F.C.</figcaption></figure> After leaving Anfield in 1892, <a href="/wiki/Everton_F.C." title="Everton F.C.">Everton</a> moved to <a href="/wiki/Goodison_Park" title="Goodison Park">Goodison Park</a> on the opposite side of <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Park,_Liverpool" title="Stanley Park, Liverpool">Stanley Park</a>. The ground was opened on 24 August 1892, by Lord Kinnaird and Frederick Wall of the FA but the first crowds to attend the ground saw a short athletics meeting followed by a selection of music and a fireworks display. Everton's first game there was on 2 September 1892 when they beat Bolton 4–2. It was one of the host venues during the <a href="/wiki/1966_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1966 FIFA World Cup">1966 FIFA World Cup</a>. It now has the capacity for just under 40,000 spectators all-seated, but the last expansion took place in 1994 when a new Park End Stand gave the stadium an all-seater capacity. The Goodison Road Stand dates back to the 1970s, while the Gwladys Street Stand and Bullens Road Stand are refurbished pre-Second World War structures. <a href="/wiki/Everton_F.C." title="Everton F.C.">Everton</a> is currently in the process of relocating, with a stadium move first mooted as early as 1996.<a href="#cite_note-504">[499]</a> In 2003, the club were forced to abandon plans for a 55,000-seat stadium at <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Dock,_Port_of_Liverpool" title="King's Dock, Port of Liverpool">King's Dock</a> due to financial constraints,<a href="#cite_note-505">[500]</a> with further proposed moves to Kirkby (comprising part of <a href="/wiki/The_Kirkby_Project" title="The Kirkby Project">Destination Kirkby</a>, moving the stadium just beyond Liverpool's council boundary into <a href="/wiki/Kirkby" title="Kirkby">Kirkby</a>) and Walton Hall Park similarly scrapped. The club will relocate to the multimillion-pound <a href="/wiki/Everton_Stadium" title="Everton Stadium">Everton Stadium</a> designed by the American architect <a href="/wiki/Dan_Meis" title="Dan Meis">Dan Meis</a> at the nearby <a href="/wiki/Bramley-Moore_Dock" title="Bramley-Moore Dock">Bramley-Moore Dock</a> on the <a href="/wiki/River_Mersey" title="River Mersey">River Mersey</a> waterfront during the 2025/26 season, with ground broken on the project in August 2021.<a href="#cite_note-506">[501]</a> The new stadium will have a capacity of 52,888 which could be expanded to 62,000 demand permitting and it will be a host venue for the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2028" title="UEFA Euro 2028">UEFA Euro 2028</a>. Everton also have a multimillion-pound training facility based at <a href="/wiki/Finch_Farm" title="Finch Farm">Finch Farm</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Everton_F.C._(women)" title="Everton F.C. (women)">Everton Women's Team</a> play in the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Super_League" title="Women's Super League">Women's Super League</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Walton_Hall_Park_(stadium)" title="Walton Hall Park (stadium)">Walton Hall Park Stadium</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boxing">Boxing</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Boxing_in_Liverpool" title="Boxing in Liverpool">Boxing in Liverpool</a></div> Boxing is massively popular in Liverpool. The city has a proud heritage and history in the sport and is home to around 22 amateur boxing clubs, which are responsible for producing many successful boxers, such as <a href="/wiki/Nel_Tarleton" title="Nel Tarleton">Nel Tarleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Rudkin" title="Alan Rudkin">Alan Rudkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Conteh" title="John Conteh">John Conteh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andy_Holligan" title="Andy Holligan">Andy Holligan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liam_Smith_(boxer)" title="Liam Smith (boxer)">Liam Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hodkinson" title="Paul Hodkinson">Paul Hodkinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Bellew" title="Tony Bellew">Tony Bellew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robin_Reid_(boxer)" title="Robin Reid (boxer)">Robin Ried</a>. The city also boasts a consistently strong amateur contingent which is highlighted by Liverpool being the most represented city on the <a href="/wiki/GB_Boxing" title="GB Boxing">GB Boxing</a> team, as well as at the <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 London Olympics</a>, the most notable Liverpool amateur fighters include; <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Lloyd_(boxer)" title="Jimmy Lloyd (boxer)">Jimmy Lloyd</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Turpin" title="George Turpin">George Turpin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Willis" title="Tony Willis">Tony Willis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Reid_(boxer)" title="Robin Reid (boxer)">Robin Reid</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Price_(boxer)" title="David Price (boxer)">David Price</a> who have all medalled at the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a>. Boxing events are usually hosted at the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Arena" title="Liverpool Arena">Echo Arena</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Olympia" title="Liverpool Olympia">Liverpool Olympia</a> within the city, although the former home of Liverpool boxing was the renowned <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Stadium" title="Liverpool Stadium">Liverpool Stadium</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Horse_racing">Horse racing</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Earl_of_Derby_Stand_and_Aintree_Racecourse.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Earl_of_Derby_Stand_and_Aintree_Racecourse.JPG/220px-Earl_of_Derby_Stand_and_Aintree_Racecourse.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Earl_of_Derby_Stand_and_Aintree_Racecourse.JPG/330px-Earl_of_Derby_Stand_and_Aintree_Racecourse.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Earl_of_Derby_Stand_and_Aintree_Racecourse.JPG/440px-Earl_of_Derby_Stand_and_Aintree_Racecourse.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The Earl of Derby Stand at <a href="/wiki/Aintree_Racecourse" title="Aintree Racecourse">Aintree Racecourse</a>; home of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_National" title="Grand National">Grand National</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Aintree_Racecourse" title="Aintree Racecourse">Aintree Racecourse</a> in the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Sefton" title="Metropolitan Borough of Sefton">Metropolitan Borough of Sefton</a> is home to the world's most famous steeple-chase, the <a href="/wiki/Grand_National" title="Grand National">Randox Grand National</a> which takes place annually in early April. The race meeting attracts horse owners/ jockeys from around the world to compete in the demanding 4-mile (6.5-kilometre) and 30-fence course. There have been many memorable moments of the Grand National, for instance, the 100/1 outsider Foinavon in 1967, the dominant <a href="/wiki/Red_Rum" title="Red Rum">Red Rum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ginger_McCain" title="Ginger McCain">Ginger McCain</a> of the 1970s and <a href="/wiki/Mon_Mome" class="mw-redirect" title="Mon Mome">Mon Mome</a> (100/1) who won the 2009 meeting. In 2010, the National became the first horse race to be televised in <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">high-definition</a> in the UK. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Golf">Golf</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Liverpool_Golf_Club" title="Royal Liverpool Golf Club">Royal Liverpool Golf Club</a>, situated in the nearby town of <a href="/wiki/Hoylake" title="Hoylake">Hoylake</a> on the Wirral Peninsula, has hosted <a href="/wiki/The_Open_Championship" title="The Open Championship">The Open Championship</a> on a number of occasions, most recently in <a href="/wiki/2023_Open_Championship" title="2023 Open Championship">2023</a>. It also hosted the <a href="/wiki/Walker_Cup" title="Walker Cup">Walker Cup</a> in 1983. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3rd_Hole,_Open_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/3rd_Hole%2C_Open_2006.jpg/220px-3rd_Hole%2C_Open_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/3rd_Hole%2C_Open_2006.jpg/330px-3rd_Hole%2C_Open_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/3rd_Hole%2C_Open_2006.jpg/440px-3rd_Hole%2C_Open_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="963" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Liverpool_Golf_Club" title="Royal Liverpool Golf Club">Royal Liverpool Golf Club</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoylake" title="Hoylake">Hoylake</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greyhound_racing">Greyhound racing</h3></div> Liverpool once contained four greyhound tracks, <a href="/wiki/Seaforth_Greyhound_Stadium" title="Seaforth Greyhound Stadium">Seaforth Greyhound Stadium</a> (1933–1965), <a href="/wiki/Breck_Park_Stadium" title="Breck Park Stadium">Breck Park Stadium</a> (1927–1948), <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Greyhound_Stadium_(Liverpool)" title="Stanley Greyhound Stadium (Liverpool)">Stanley Greyhound Stadium</a> (1927–1961) and <a href="/wiki/White_City_Stadium_(Liverpool)" title="White City Stadium (Liverpool)">White City Stadium</a> (1932–1973). Breck Park also hosted boxing bouts and both Stanley and Seaforth hosted <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_speedway" title="Motorcycle speedway">Motorcycle speedway</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Athletics">Athletics</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Wavertree_Sports_Park" title="Wavertree Sports Park">Wavertree Sports Park</a> is home to the Liverpool Harriers athletics club, which has produced such athletes as <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Robb" title="Curtis Robb">Curtis Robb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allyn_Condon" title="Allyn Condon">Allyn Condon</a> (the only British athlete to compete at both the Summer and Winter Olympics), and <a href="/wiki/Katarina_Johnson-Thompson" title="Katarina Johnson-Thompson">Katarina Johnson-Thompson</a>; Great Britain was represented by Johnson-Thompson at the <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 London Olympics</a> in the women's heptathlon, and she would go on to win the gold medal at the <a href="/wiki/2019_World_Athletics_Championships" title="2019 World Athletics Championships">2019 World Championships</a>, giving Liverpool its first gold medal and breaking the <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_records_in_athletics" title="List of British records in athletics">British record</a> in the process. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gymnastics">Gymnastics</h3></div> In August 2012, Liverpool gymnast <a href="/wiki/Beth_Tweddle" title="Beth Tweddle">Beth Tweddle</a> won an Olympic bronze medal in <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">London 2012</a> in the uneven bars at her third <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a>, thus becoming the most decorated British gymnast in history. Park Road Gymnastics Centre provides training to a high level. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swimming">Swimming</h3></div> Liverpool has produced several swimmers who have represented their nation at major championships such as the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a>. The most notable of which is <a href="/wiki/Steve_Parry_(swimmer)" title="Steve Parry (swimmer)">Steve Parry</a> who claimed a bronze medal at the <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Athens Olympics</a> in the 200m butterfly. Others include Herbert Nickel Haresnape, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Kelly_(swimmer)" title="Margaret Kelly (swimmer)">Margaret Kelly</a>, Shellagh Ratcliffe and Austin Rawlinson. There is a purpose-built aquatics centre at <a href="/wiki/Wavertree_Sports_Park" title="Wavertree Sports Park">Wavertree Sports Park</a>, which opened in 2008. The City of Liverpool Swimming Club has been National Speedo League Champions 8 out of the last 11 years. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cricket">Cricket</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_Cricket_Club_pavilion_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Liverpool_Cricket_Club_pavilion_2.jpg/220px-Liverpool_Cricket_Club_pavilion_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Liverpool_Cricket_Club_pavilion_2.jpg/330px-Liverpool_Cricket_Club_pavilion_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Liverpool_Cricket_Club_pavilion_2.jpg/440px-Liverpool_Cricket_Club_pavilion_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Cricket_Club" title="Liverpool Cricket Club">Liverpool Cricket Club</a></figcaption></figure> The city is the hub of the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_and_District_Cricket_Competition" title="Liverpool and District Cricket Competition">Liverpool and District Cricket Competition</a>, an <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales_Cricket_Board" title="England and Wales Cricket Board">ECB</a> <a href="/wiki/ECB_Premier_Leagues" title="ECB Premier Leagues">Premier League</a>.<a href="#cite_note-507">[502]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sefton_Park_Cricket_Club" title="Sefton Park Cricket Club">Sefton Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Cricket_Club" title="Liverpool Cricket Club">Liverpool</a> are the league's founder members based in the city with Wavertree, Alder and Old Xaverians clubs having joined the league more recently.<a href="#cite_note-508">[503]</a> Liverpool plays host <a href="/wiki/Lancashire_County_Cricket_Club" title="Lancashire County Cricket Club">Lancashire County Cricket Club</a> as an outground most seasons, including six of eight home <a href="/wiki/County_Championship" title="County Championship">County Championship</a> games during Lancashire's 2011<a href="#cite_note-509">[504]</a> title winning campaign<a href="#cite_note-510">[505]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Old_Trafford_Cricket_Ground" title="Old Trafford Cricket Ground">Old Trafford</a> was refurbished.<a href="#cite_note-511">[506]</a><a href="#cite_note-Let_There_Be_Lights-512">[507]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tennis">Tennis</h3></div> Since 2014 <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Cricket_Club" title="Liverpool Cricket Club">Liverpool Cricket Club</a> has played host<a href="#cite_note-513">[508]</a> to the annual <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_International_Tennis_Tournament" title="Liverpool International Tennis Tournament">Tradition-ICAP Liverpool International</a> tennis tournament, which has seen tennis stars such as <a href="/wiki/Novak_Djokovic" title="Novak Djokovic">Novak Djokovic</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Ferrer" title="David Ferrer">David Ferrer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mardy_Fish" title="Mardy Fish">Mardy Fish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laura_Robson" title="Laura Robson">Laura Robson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Wozniacki" title="Caroline Wozniacki">Caroline Wozniacki</a>. Previously this had been held at <a href="/wiki/Calderstones_Park" title="Calderstones Park">Calderstones Park</a>, situated in <a href="/wiki/Allerton,_Liverpool" title="Allerton, Liverpool">Allerton</a> in the south of the city. Liverpool Tennis Development Programme at Wavertree Tennis Centre is one of the largest in the UK. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basketball">Basketball</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M%26S_Bank_Arena_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/M%26S_Bank_Arena_1.jpg/220px-M%26S_Bank_Arena_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/M%26S_Bank_Arena_1.jpg/330px-M%26S_Bank_Arena_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/M%26S_Bank_Arena_1.jpg/440px-M%26S_Bank_Arena_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6520" data-file-height="2661" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Arena" title="Liverpool Arena">Liverpool Arena</a> hosts numerous sporting events and was formerly the home of <a href="/wiki/British_Basketball_League" title="British Basketball League">British Basketball League</a> team, the <a href="/wiki/Mersey_Tigers" title="Mersey Tigers">Mersey Tigers</a>.</figcaption></figure> Professional basketball came to the city in 2007 with the entry of Everton Tigers, later known as <a href="/wiki/Mersey_Tigers" title="Mersey Tigers">Mersey Tigers</a>, into the elite <a href="/wiki/British_Basketball_League" title="British Basketball League">British Basketball League</a>. The club was originally associated with Everton F.C., and was part of the Toxteth Tigers youth development programme, which reached over 1,500 young people every year.<a href="#cite_note-Tigers-514">[509]</a> The Tigers began to play in Britain's top league for the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_British_Basketball_League_season" title="2007–08 British Basketball League season">2007–08 season</a>, playing at the <a href="/wiki/Greenbank_Sports_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenbank Sports Academy">Greenbank Sports Academy</a> before moving into the newly completed <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Arena" title="Liverpool Arena">Echo Arena</a> during that season. After the 2009–10 season, Everton F.C. withdrew funding from the Tigers, who then changed their name to Mersey Tigers. The club were expelled from the British Basketball League in 2013 due to financial problems.<a href="#cite_note-515">[510]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baseball">Baseball</h3></div> Liverpool is one of three cities which still host the traditional sport of <a href="/wiki/British_baseball" title="British baseball">British baseball</a> and it hosts the annual England-Wales international match every two years, alternating with <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Wales" title="Newport, Wales">Newport</a>. Liverpool Trojans are the oldest existing baseball club in the UK. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cycling">Cycling</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/2014_Tour_of_Britain" title="2014 Tour of Britain">2014 Tour of Britain</a> cycle race began in Liverpool on 7 September, using a city centre circuit to complete 130 km (80.8 mi) of racing.<a href="#cite_note-516">[511]</a> The Tour of Britain took nine stages and finished in London on 14 September. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3></div> A 2016 study of UK fitness centres found that, of the top 20 UK urban areas, Liverpool had the highest number of leisure and sports centres per capita, with 4.3 centres per 100,000 of the city population.<a href="#cite_note-517">[512]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Marathon" title="Liverpool Marathon">Liverpool Marathon</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2></div> The city has one daily newspaper: the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Echo" title="Liverpool Echo">Echo</a>, published by <a href="/wiki/Reach_plc" title="Reach plc">Reach plc</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Liverpool_Daily_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Liverpool Daily Post">The Liverpool Daily Post</a> was also published until 2013. The UK's first online only weekly newspaper called <a href="/wiki/Southport_Reporter" title="Southport Reporter">Southport Reporter</a> (Southport and <a href="/wiki/Mersey_Reporter" class="mw-redirect" title="Mersey Reporter">Mersey Reporter</a>), is also one of the many other news outlets that cover the city. The independent media organisation The Post<a href="#cite_note-518">[513]</a> also covers Liverpool, while <a href="/wiki/Nerve_(magazine)" title="Nerve (magazine)">Nerve magazine</a> publishes articles and reviews of cultural events. <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_TV" title="Liverpool TV">Liverpool TV</a> is a local television station serving Liverpool City Region and surrounding areas. The station is owned and operated by Made Television Ltd and forms part of a group of eight local TV stations. It broadcasts from studios and offices in Liverpool. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radio_City_Tower,_Liverpool.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Radio_City_Tower%2C_Liverpool.jpg/220px-Radio_City_Tower%2C_Liverpool.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Radio_City_Tower%2C_Liverpool.jpg/330px-Radio_City_Tower%2C_Liverpool.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Radio_City_Tower%2C_Liverpool.jpg/440px-Radio_City_Tower%2C_Liverpool.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St_Johns_Beacon" title="St Johns Beacon">St Johns Beacon</a>, home to <a href="/wiki/Hits_Radio_Liverpool" title="Hits Radio Liverpool">Hits Radio Liverpool</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio" title="Greatest Hits Radio">Greatest Hits Radio</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> region which covers Liverpool is <a href="/wiki/ITV_Granada" title="ITV Granada">ITV Granada</a>. In 2006, the Television company opened a new newsroom in the Royal Liver Building. Granada's regional news broadcasts were produced at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Dock,_Liverpool" title="Royal Albert Dock, Liverpool">Royal Albert Dock</a> News Centre during the 1980s and 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-itvnorthwestnews-519">[514]</a> The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> also opened a new newsroom on Hanover Street in 2006. ITV's daily magazine programme <a href="/wiki/This_Morning_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="This Morning (TV series)">This Morning</a> was broadcast from studios at <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Dock,_Liverpool" title="Royal Albert Dock, Liverpool">Royal Albert Dock</a> until 1996, when production was moved to London. Granada's short-lived shopping channel "Shop!" was also produced in Liverpool until it was cancelled in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-520">[515]</a> Liverpool is the home of the TV production company <a href="/wiki/Lime_Pictures" title="Lime Pictures">Lime Pictures</a>, formerly Mersey Television, which produced the now-defunct soap operas <a href="/wiki/Brookside_(television_programme)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brookside (television programme)">Brookside</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grange_Hill" title="Grange Hill">Grange Hill</a>. It also produces the soap opera <a href="/wiki/Hollyoaks" title="Hollyoaks">Hollyoaks</a>, which was formerly filmed in <a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a> and began on <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> in 1995. All three series were/are largely filmed in the <a href="/wiki/Childwall" title="Childwall">Childwall</a> area of Liverpool. Radio stations include <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Merseyside" title="BBC Radio Merseyside">BBC Radio Merseyside</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hits_Radio_Liverpool" title="Hits Radio Liverpool">Hits Radio Liverpool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio_Liverpool_%26_The_North_West" title="Greatest Hits Radio Liverpool & The North West">Greatest Hits Radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capital_Liverpool" title="Capital Liverpool">Capital Liverpool</a>, <a href="/wiki/In_Demand_Radio" title="In Demand Radio">In Demand Radio</a>, Liverpool Live Radio,<a href="#cite_note-521">[516]</a> and Melodic Distraction.<a href="#cite_note-522">[517]</a> Hits Radio and Greatest Hits Radio are owned by <a href="/wiki/Bauer_Media_Audio_UK" title="Bauer Media Audio UK">Bauer</a> and located in <a href="/wiki/St_Johns_Beacon" title="St Johns Beacon">St Johns Beacon</a> which, along with the two cathedrals, dominates the city's skyline. Liverpool has also featured in films;<a href="#cite_note-523">[518]</a> see <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_in_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="List of films set in Liverpool">List of films set in Liverpool</a> for some of them. In films the city has "doubled" for London, Paris, New York, Chicago, Moscow, Dublin, Venice and Berlin.<a href="#cite_note-Ten_facts_about_Liverpool-44">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-524">[519]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2></div> <dl><dd>See <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Liverpool" title="Category:People from Liverpool">Category:People from Liverpool</a></dd></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Merseyside" title="List of people from Merseyside">List of people from Merseyside</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_bands_and_artists_from_Merseyside" title="List of bands and artists from Merseyside">List of bands and artists from Merseyside</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quotes_about_Liverpool">Quotes about Liverpool</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Copy_to_Wikiquote plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Edit-copy_purple-wikiq.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Edit-copy_purple-wikiq.svg/40px-Edit-copy_purple-wikiq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Edit-copy_purple-wikiq.svg/60px-Edit-copy_purple-wikiq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Edit-copy_purple-wikiq.svg/80px-Edit-copy_purple-wikiq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section is a candidate for <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Transwiki" class="extiw" title="m:Help:Transwiki">copying</a> over to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="q:Main Page">Wikiquote</a> using the Transwiki process.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>"Lyrpole, alias Lyverpoole, a pavid towne, hath but a chapel ... The king hath a castelet there, and the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Derby" title="Earl of Derby">Earl of Darbe</a> hath a stone howse there. Irisch merchants cum much thither, as to a good haven ... At Lyrpole is smaul custom payed, that causith marchantes to resorte thither. Good marchandis at Lyrpole, and much Irish yarrn that <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> men do buy there ..." – <a href="/wiki/John_Leland_(antiquary)" title="John Leland (antiquary)">John Leland</a>, Itinerary, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1536–1539<a href="#cite_note-525">[520]</a></li> <li>"Liverpoole is one of the wonders of Britain ... In a word, there is no town in England, London excepted, that can equal [it] for the fineness of the streets, and the beauty of the buildings." – <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defoe" title="Daniel Defoe">Daniel Defoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/A_tour_thro%27_the_Whole_Island_of_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="A tour thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain">A tour thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain</a>, 1721–1726</li> <li>"[O]ne of the neatest, best towns I have seen in England." – <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a>. Journal, 1755</li> <li>"I have not come here to be insulted by a set of wretches, every brick in whose infernal town is cemented with an African's blood." – <a href="/wiki/George_Frederick_Cooke" title="George Frederick Cooke">George Frederick Cooke</a> (1756–1812), an actor responding to being hissed at when he came onstage drunk during a visit to Liverpool<a href="#cite_note-526">[521]</a></li> <li>"That immense City which stands like another <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> upon the water ... where there are riches overflowing and every thing which can delight a man who wishes to see the prosperity of a great community and a great empire ... This quondam village, now fit to be the proud capital of any empire in the world, has started up like an enchanted palace even in the memory of living men." – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Erskine,_1st_Baron_Erskine" title="Thomas Erskine, 1st Baron Erskine">Thomas Erskine, 1st Baron Erskine</a>, 1791</li> <li>"I have heard of the greatness of Liverpool, but the reality far surpasses my expectation." – <a href="/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert, Prince Consort">Prince Albert</a>, speech, 1846</li> <li>"Liverpool ... has become a wonder of the world. It is the New York of Europe, a world city rather than merely British provincial." – <a href="/wiki/Illustrated_London_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Illustrated London News">Illustrated London News</a>, 15 May 1886</li> <li>"The dream represented my situation at the time. I can still see the greyish-yellow raincoats, glistening with the wetness of the rain. Everything was extremely unpleasant, black and opaque – just as I felt then. But I had a vision of unearthly beauty, and that is why I was able to live at all. Liverpool is the "pool of life." The "liver," according to an old view, is the seat of life, that which makes to live." – <a href="/wiki/C._G._Jung" class="mw-redirect" title="C. G. Jung">C. G. Jung</a>, Memories, Dreams, Reflections, 1928</li> <li>"The centre is imposing, dignified and darkish, like a city in a rather gloomy Victorian novel ... We had now arrived in the heart of the big city, and as usual it was almost a heart of darkness. But it looked like a big city, there was no denying that. Here, emphatically, was the English seaport second only to London. The very weight of stone emphasised that fact. And even if the sun never seems to properly rise over it, I like a big city to proclaim itself a big city at once..." – <a href="/wiki/J._B._Priestley" title="J. B. Priestley">J. B. Priestley</a>, English Journey, 1934</li> <li>"If Liverpool can get into top gear again, there is no limit to the city's potential. The scale and resilience of the buildings and people is amazing – it is a world city, far more so than London and Manchester. It doesn't feel like anywhere else in Lancashire: comparisons always end up overseas – <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>. The city is tremendous, and so, right up to the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, were the abilities of the architects who built over it. The centre is humane and convenient to walk around in, but never loses its scale. And, in spite of <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Blitz" title="Liverpool Blitz">the bombings</a> and the carelessness, it is still full of superb buildings. Fifty years ago it must have outdone anything in England." – <a href="/wiki/Ian_Nairn" title="Ian Nairn">Ian Nairn</a>, Britain's Changing Towns, 1967</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_links">International links</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_cities">Twin cities</h3></div> Liverpool is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a><a href="#cite_note-527">[522]</a> with: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a>, Indonesia (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham, Alabama</a>, United States (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, Germany (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a>, Malaysia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medan" title="Medan">Medan</a>, Indonesia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odesa_Oblast" title="Odesa Oblast">Odesa Oblast</a>, Ukraine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a>, Malaysia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, Brazil (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, China (1999)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Friendship_links">Friendship links</h3></div> Liverpool has friendship links (without formal constitution)<a href="#cite_note-528">[523]</a> with the following cities: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Givenchy-l%C3%A8s-la-Bass%C3%A9e" title="Givenchy-lès-la-Bassée">Givenchy-lès-la-Bassée</a>, Pas-de-Calais, France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Halifax" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Halifax">Halifax</a>, Nova Scotia, Canada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Habana" class="mw-redirect" title="La Habana">La Habana</a>, Cuba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Plata" title="La Plata">La Plata</a>, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a>, Tennessee, US</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minamitane,_Kagoshima" title="Minamitane, Kagoshima">Minamitane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kagoshima_Prefecture" title="Kagoshima Prefecture">Kagoshima Prefecture</a>, Japan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, Campania, Italy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, Louisiana, US</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponsacco" title="Ponsacco">Ponsacco</a>, Tuscany, Italy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A2mnicu_V%C3%A2lcea" title="Râmnicu Vâlcea">Râmnicu Vâlcea</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A2lcea_County" title="Vâlcea County">Vâlcea County</a>, Romania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_Province" title="Valparaíso Province">Valparaíso Province</a>, Chile</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jalisco" title="Jalisco">Jalisco</a>, Mexico</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consulates">Consulates</h3></div> The first overseas <a href="/wiki/Consulate_of_the_United_States,_Liverpool" title="Consulate of the United States, Liverpool">consulate of the United States</a> was opened in Liverpool in 1790, and it remained operational for almost two centuries.<a href="#cite_note-529">[524]</a> Today, a large number of consulates are located in the city serving Chile, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, France, Germany, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, Italy, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, Sweden and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>. Tunisian & Ivory Coast Consulates are located in the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Sefton" title="Metropolitan Borough of Sefton">Metropolitan Borough of Sefton</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Freedom_of_the_City">Freedom of the City</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liverpool&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. (November 2019)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The following people and military units have received the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">Freedom of the City</a> of Liverpool. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Individuals">Individuals</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Freemen_of_the_City_of_Liverpool" title="List of Freemen of the City of Liverpool">List of Freemen of the City of Liverpool</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_units">Military units</h3></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Unit </th> <th>Date </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="406" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Lancaster%27s_Regiment" title="Duke of Lancaster's Regiment">Duke of Lancaster's Regiment</a> </td> <td>14 September 2008.<a href="#cite_note-530">[525]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="406" /></a> 208 Battery <a href="/wiki/103rd_(Lancashire_Artillery_Volunteers)_Regiment_Royal_Artillery" title="103rd (Lancashire Artillery Volunteers) Regiment Royal Artillery">103rd Regiment Royal Artillery</a> </td> <td>14 October 2017.<a href="#cite_note-531">[526]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="406" /></a> <a href="/wiki/8th_Engineer_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="8th Engineer Brigade (United Kingdom)">8th Engineer Brigade</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">Royal Engineers</a> </td> <td>11 December 2020<a href="#cite_note-532">[527]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/20px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/30px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/40px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Prince_of_Wales_(R09)" title="HMS Prince of Wales (R09)">HMS Prince of Wales</a> </td> <td>6 December 2024<a href="#cite_note-533">[528]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organisations_and_groups">Organisations and groups</h3></div> <ul><li>The Pain Relief Foundation: 3 March 2010.<a href="#cite_note-534">[529]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Widows_Association_of_Great_Britain" title="War Widows Association of Great Britain">War Widows Association</a> (Merseyside Branch): 1 December 2014.<a href="#cite_note-535">[530]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_Centre" title="Whitechapel Centre">Whitechapel Centre</a>: 5 October 2016.<a href="#cite_note-536">[531]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Parachute_Regiment_(United_Kingdom)" title="Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)">Parachute Regiment</a> Association (Liverpool Branch): 24 October 2021.<a href="#cite_note-537">[532]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Corps_of_Signals" title="Royal Corps of Signals">Royal Signals</a> Association (Liverpool Branch): 26 November 2021.<a href="#cite_note-538">[533]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_North_West_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_North_West_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_North_West_England.svg/48px-Flag_of_North_West_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_North_West_England.svg/64px-Flag_of_North_West_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Liverpool">Liverpool portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_North_West_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_North_West_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_North_West_England.svg/48px-Flag_of_North_West_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_North_West_England.svg/64px-Flag_of_North_West_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_West_England" title="Portal:North West England">North West England portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_European_Amateur_Boxing_Championships" title="2008 European Amateur Boxing Championships">2008 European Amateur Boxing Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_history" title="Atlantic history">Atlantic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Dig_(Liverpool)" title="Big Dig (Liverpool)">Big Dig (Liverpool)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Merseyside" title="Healthcare in Merseyside">Healthcare in Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery" title="History of slavery">History of slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Garden_Festival" title="International Garden Festival">International Garden Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_and_television_shows_shot_in_Liverpool" title="List of films and television shows shot in Liverpool">List of films and television shows set in Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hotels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of hotels in the United Kingdom">List of hotels in Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Magistrates%27_Court" title="Liverpool Magistrates' Court">Magistrates Courts, Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangular_trade" title="Triangular trade">Triangular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamson_Tunnels" title="Williamson Tunnels">Williamson Tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_in_Liverpool" title="Category:Culture in Liverpool">Category: Culture in Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver_bird" title="Liver bird">Liver bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Liverpool_general_transport_strike" title="1911 Liverpool general transport strike">1911 Liverpool general transport strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1345_Liverpool_riot" title="1345 Liverpool riot">1345 Liverpool riot</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Council_leadership-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Council_leadership_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://liverpool.gov.uk/council/">"Council"</a>. Liverpool City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231216133028/https://liverpool.gov.uk/council/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Liverpool+City+Council&rft.atitle=Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fliverpool.gov.uk%2Fcouncil%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/populationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland/mid2022/mye22final.xlsx">"Mid-Year Population Estimates, UK, June 2022"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a>. 26 March 2024. 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Retrieved 8 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=clickfind.com.au&rft.atitle=The+Victoria+history+of+the+county+of+Lancaster.+Edited+by+William+Farrer+and+J.+Brownbill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fvictoriahistoryo04farruoft%2Fvictoriahistoryo04farruoft_djvu.txt%3Freferer%3Dwww.clickfind.com.au&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/europe">"European traders"</a>. liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180619190054/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/ism/slavery/europe/index.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolmuseums.org.uk&rft.atitle=European+traders&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk%2Fhistory-of-slavery%2Feurope&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPicton1875" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Picton, J.A. (1875). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/memorialsliverp02pictgoog/page/10/mode/2up?view=theater">Memorials of Liverpool</a>. Vol. 1. Historical (2nd ed.). London: Longmans, Green & Co. pp. 11–12. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/10476612">10476612</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memorials+of+Liverpool&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E11-%3C%2Fspan%3E12&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green+%26+Co.&rft.date=1875&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F10476612&rft.aulast=Picton&rft.aufirst=J.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmemorialsliverp02pictgoog%2Fpage%2F10%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BHOLderhun-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BHOLderhun_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BHOLderhun_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/lancs/vol4/pp1-4#h3-0002">"West Derby hundred: The City of Liverpool"</a>. 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Retrieved 9 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liverpool%3A+The+castle+and+development+of+the+town&rft.pub=British+History+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Fvch%2Flancs%2Fvol4%2Fpp4-36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.co.uk/article/history-of-liverpool">"History of Liverpool"</a>. history.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002185750/https://www.history.co.uk/article/history-of-liverpool">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.co.uk&rft.atitle=History+of+Liverpool&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fhistory-of-liverpool&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/stories/medieval-port">"Medieval port"</a>. liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002191249/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/stories/medieval-port">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolmuseums.org.uk&rft.atitle=Medieval+port&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk%2Fstories%2Fmedieval-port&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://localhistories.org/a-history-of-liverpool">"Liverpool in the Middle Ages"</a>. localhistories.org. 14 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928053327/https://localhistories.org/a-history-of-liverpool/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=localhistories.org&rft.atitle=Liverpool+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.date=2021-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flocalhistories.org%2Fa-history-of-liverpool&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bcw-project.org/military/english-civil-war/northern-england/the-york-march">"The York March, 1644"</a>. bcw-project.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221225084838/http://bcw-project.org/military/english-civil-war/northern-england/the-york-march">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bcw-project.org&rft.atitle=The+York+March%2C+1644&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbcw-project.org%2Fmilitary%2Fenglish-civil-war%2Fnorthern-england%2Fthe-york-march&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170817214544/https://www.lodging-world.com/blog/liverpools-slavery-history-trail/">"Liverpool's Slavery History Trail"</a>. Lodging-World.com. 16 August 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lodging-world.com/blog/liverpools-slavery-history-trail">the original</a> on 17 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liverpool%27s+Slavery+History+Trail&rft.pub=Lodging-World.com&rft.date=2017-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lodging-world.com%2Fblog%2Fliverpools-slavery-history-trail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPower1999" class="citation journal cs1">Power, Michael (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190831041026/https://www.hslc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/149-4-Power.pdf">"Creating a Port: Liverpool 1695–1715"</a> (PDF). Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire. 149: 51–71. 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Retrieved 31 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Historic+Society+of+Lancashire+and+Cheshire&rft.atitle=Creating+a+Port%3A+Liverpool+1695%E2%80%931715&rft.volume=149&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E51-%3C%2Fspan%3E71&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Power&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hslc.org.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F05%2F149-4-Power.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/lancs/vol4/pp41-43">"Liverpool: The docks"</a>. british-history.ac.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230918184748/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/lancs/vol4/pp41-43">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=british-history.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Liverpool%3A+The+docks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Fvch%2Flancs%2Fvol4%2Fpp41-43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/T/timeteam/2008/liverpool/liverpool-found.html">"The Lost Dock of Liverpool"</a>. Channel 4: Time Team, 21 April 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604145405/http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/T/timeteam/2008/liverpool/liverpool-found.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 2 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Lost+Dock+of+Liverpool&rft.pub=Channel+4%3A+Time+Team%2C+21+April+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channel4.com%2Fhistory%2Fmicrosites%2FT%2Ftimeteam%2F2008%2Fliverpool%2Fliverpool-found.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9C07EFD91039E433A25751C0A9679C94699ED7CF">"Liverpool Dock System"</a>. The New York Times. 2 January 1898. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160809181141/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9C07EFD91039E433A25751C0A9679C94699ED7CF">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Liverpool+Dock+System&rft.date=1898-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9C07EFD91039E433A25751C0A9679C94699ED7CF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> Note: "pdf" reader needed to see full article </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-101301">"Roscoe circle"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F101301">10.1093/ref:odnb/101301</a>. Retrieved 20 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Roscoe+circle&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F101301&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-101301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/immig_emig/england/liverpool/article_1.shtml">"Irish cultural expression in Liverpool"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230813020309/https://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/immig_emig/england/liverpool/article_1.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Irish+cultural+expression+in+Liverpool&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Flegacies%2Fimmig_emig%2Fengland%2Fliverpool%2Farticle_1.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCope2012" class="citation web cs1">Cope, Jonas (May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10355/14984/research.pdf?...2">"The Dissolution of Character in Late Romantic British Literature 1816–1837"</a> (PDF). MOspace Institutional Repository. Dr. Noah Heringman, Dissertation Supervisor. p. 115. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210509230958/https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10355/14984/research.pdf?...2">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 May 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MOspace+Institutional+Repository&rft.atitle=The+Dissolution+of+Character+in+Late+Romantic+British+Literature+1816%E2%80%931837&rft.pages=115&rft.date=2012-05&rft.aulast=Cope&rft.aufirst=Jonas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmospace.umsystem.edu%2Fxmlui%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10355%2F14984%2Fresearch.pdf%3F...2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandon1832" class="citation book cs1">Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1832). "picture". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.tcl.sc.edu/digital/collection/annuals/id/9591">Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1833</a>. Fisher, Son & Co. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221114184109/https://digital.tcl.sc.edu/digital/collection/annuals/id/9591">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 14 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=picture&rft.btitle=Fisher%27s+Drawing+Room+Scrap+Book%2C+1833&rft.pub=Fisher%2C+Son+%26+Co.&rft.date=1832&rft.aulast=Landon&rft.aufirst=Letitia+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.tcl.sc.edu%2Fdigital%2Fcollection%2Fannuals%2Fid%2F9591&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandon1832" class="citation book cs1">Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1832). "poetical illustration". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.tcl.sc.edu/digital/collection/annuals/id/9592">Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1833</a>. Fisher, Son & Co. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221114184110/https://digital.tcl.sc.edu/digital/collection/annuals/id/9592">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 14 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=poetical+illustration&rft.btitle=Fisher%27s+Drawing+Room+Scrap+Book%2C+1833&rft.pub=Fisher%2C+Son+%26+Co.&rft.date=1832&rft.aulast=Landon&rft.aufirst=Letitia+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.tcl.sc.edu%2Fdigital%2Fcollection%2Fannuals%2Fid%2F9592&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeckert2014" class="citation book cs1">Beckert, Sven (2014). Empire of Cotton: a Global History. New York: Knopf.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empire+of+Cotton%3A+a+Global+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Beckert&rft.aufirst=Sven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/3207344">"Emancipation and Empire: Reconstructing the Worldwide Web of Cotton Production in the Age of the American Civil War"</a>. dash.harvard.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231117123448/https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/3207344">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dash.harvard.edu&rft.atitle=Emancipation+and+Empire%3A+Reconstructing+the+Worldwide+Web+of+Cotton+Production+in+the+Age+of+the+American+Civil+War&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdash.harvard.edu%2Fhandle%2F1%2F3207344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410173112/https://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/liverpools-abercromby-square/abercromby-southern-club/embassy-confederacy">"Liverpool's Abercromby Square and the Confederacy During the U.S. Civil War"</a>. Lowcountry Digital History Initiative. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/liverpools-abercromby-square/abercromby-southern-club/embassy-confederacy">the original</a> on 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liverpool%27s+Abercromby+Square+and+the+Confederacy+During+the+U.S.+Civil+War&rft.pub=Lowcountry+Digital+History+Initiative&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fldhi.library.cofc.edu%2Fexhibits%2Fshow%2Fliverpools-abercromby-square%2Fabercromby-southern-club%2Fembassy-confederacy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ten_facts_about_Liverpool-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ten_facts_about_Liverpool_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ten_facts_about_Liverpool_44-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1431943/Ten-facts-about-Liverpool.html">Ten facts about Liverpool</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210509225622/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1431943/Ten-facts-about-Liverpool.html">Archived</a> 9 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Daily Telegraph, 4 June 2003 </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatton2011" class="citation web cs1">Hatton, Brian (28 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.architectural-review.com/essays/2008-january-shifted-tideway-liverpools-changing-fortunes-by-brian-hatton/8613231.article">"Shifted tideways: Liverpool's changing fortunes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Architectural_Review" title="The Architectural Review">The Architectural Review</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190308080820/https://www.architectural-review.com/essays/2008-january-shifted-tideway-liverpools-changing-fortunes-by-brian-hatton/8613231.article">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Architectural+Review&rft.atitle=Shifted+tideways%3A+Liverpool%27s+changing+fortunes&rft.date=2011-03-28&rft.aulast=Hatton&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.architectural-review.com%2Fessays%2F2008-january-shifted-tideway-liverpools-changing-fortunes-by-brian-hatton%2F8613231.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson1933" class="citation book cs1">Henderson, W.O. (1933). The Liverpool office in London. Economica xiii. <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a>. pp. 473–479.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Liverpool+office+in+London&rft.series=Economica+xiii&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E473-%3C%2Fspan%3E479&rft.pub=London+School+of+Economics&rft.date=1933&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=W.O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discoveringbritain.org/activities/north-west-england/walks/liverpool-trade.html">"A walk around maritime Livepool"</a>. discoveringbritain.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002185745/https://www.discoveringbritain.org/activities/north-west-england/walks/liverpool-trade.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=discoveringbritain.org&rft.atitle=A+walk+around+maritime+Livepool&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.discoveringbritain.org%2Factivities%2Fnorth-west-england%2Fwalks%2Fliverpool-trade.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/gaz/scar/display_name.cfm?gaz_id=137191">Liverpool Beach.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425164150/http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/gaz/scar/display_name.cfm?gaz_id=137191">Archived</a> 25 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Composite_Gazetteer_of_Antarctica" title="Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica">SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nC05AAAAMAAJ&q=new-york-of-europe&pg=PA783">The Bankers' Magazine</a>. v.11. 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BBC News. 10 September 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002185747/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/liverpool/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8246000/8246344.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+legacy+of+the+Great+Depression&rft.date=2009-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Flocal%2Fliverpool%2Fhi%2Fpeople_and_places%2Fhistory%2Fnewsid_8246000%2F8246344.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKenna1989" class="citation journal cs1">McKenna, Madeline (30 October 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40112817">"Municipal Suburbia in Liverpool, 1919–1939"</a>. The Town Planning Review. 60 (3): 287–318. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3828%2Ftpr.60.3.4hk5074443483k74">10.3828/tpr.60.3.4hk5074443483k74</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0041-0020">0041-0020</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40112817">40112817</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231108060702/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40112817">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2023. 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Liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. 3 September 1939. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220910/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/archive/info-sheet.aspx?sheetId=4">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016. 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Architectural History. 57: 393–422. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0066622X00001477">10.1017/S0066622X00001477</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002185745/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/architectural-history/article/graeme-shankland-a-sixties-architectplanner-and-the-political-culture-of-the-british-left/63B1F4114E777DE29569BCF5035952B2">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Architectural+History&rft.atitle=Graeme+Shankland%3A+a+Sixties+Architect-Planner+and+the+Political+Culture+of+the+British+Left&rft.volume=57&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E393-%3C%2Fspan%3E422&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0066622X00001477&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Otto+Saumarez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Farchitectural-history%2Farticle%2Fgraeme-shankland-a-sixties-architectplanner-and-the-political-culture-of-the-british-left%2F63B1F4114E777DE29569BCF5035952B2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/business/gallery/walkways-sky-liverpool-masterplan-never-15874583">"Walkways in the Sky and the Liverpool 'masterplan' that was never built"</a>. liverpoolecho.co.uk. 20 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002185747/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/business/gallery/walkways-sky-liverpool-masterplan-never-15874583">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolecho.co.uk&rft.atitle=Walkways+in+the+Sky+and+the+Liverpool+%27masterplan%27+that+was+never+built&rft.date=2020-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fgallery%2Fwalkways-sky-liverpool-masterplan-never-15874583&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.udg.org.uk/publications/articles/liverpool-city-plan">"The Liverpool City Plan"</a>. udg.org.uk. 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Retrieved 23 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolecho.co.uk&rft.atitle=Raves%2C+craft+ale+and+the+%27abandoned%27+square+that+shaped+modern+Liverpool&rft.date=2022-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2Fraves-craft-ale-abandoned-square-24195648&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolcityregion-ca.gov.uk/growing-our-economy/plan-for-prosperity">"Plam for prosperity"</a>. liverpoolcityregion-ca.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003045617/https://www.liverpoolcityregion-ca.gov.uk/growing-our-economy/plan-for-prosperity/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolcityregion-ca.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Plam+for+prosperity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolcityregion-ca.gov.uk%2Fgrowing-our-economy%2Fplan-for-prosperity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolcityregion-ca.gov.uk/growing-our-economy">"Growing the Liverpool City Region Economy"</a>. liverpoolcityregion-ca.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231107220118/https://www.liverpoolcityregion-ca.gov.uk/growing-our-economy">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolcityregion-ca.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Growing+the+Liverpool+City+Region+Economy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolcityregion-ca.gov.uk%2Fgrowing-our-economy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://liverpool.gov.uk/planning-and-building-control/plan-making-in-liverpool/the-liverpool-local-plan-2013-2033">"The Liverpool Local Plan 2013–2033"</a>. liverpool.gov.uk. 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Retrieved 23 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=investliverpool.com&rft.atitle=Liverpool+set+to+launch+new+20-year+plan+to+maximise+city%27s+development+%26+investment+opportunities&rft.date=2023-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finvestliverpool.com%2Fnews%2Fdelivering-liverpools-development-potential&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peellandp.co.uk/what-we-do/regeneration/peel-waters/liverpool-waters">"Liverpool Waters"</a>. peellandp.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231107220904/https://peellandp.co.uk/what-we-do/regeneration/peel-waters/liverpool-waters">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=peellandp.co.uk&rft.atitle=Liverpool+Waters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeellandp.co.uk%2Fwhat-we-do%2Fregeneration%2Fpeel-waters%2Fliverpool-waters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.laingorourke.com/company/press-releases/2022/a-year-of-progress-on-the-new-everton-football-club-stadium">"A year of progress on the new Everton Football Club stadium"</a>. laingorourke.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230927122836/https://www.laingorourke.com/company/press-releases/2022/a-year-of-progress-on-the-new-everton-football-club-stadium/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=laingorourke.com&rft.atitle=A+year+of+progress+on+the+new+Everton+Football+Club+stadium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.laingorourke.com%2Fcompany%2Fpress-releases%2F2022%2Fa-year-of-progress-on-the-new-everton-football-club-stadium&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140625135233/http://ifb2014.com/Quick-Guide-to-IFB-2014-i25.html">"QUICK GUIDE TO IFB 2014, IFB BUSINESS CLUB& BUSINESS BROKERAGE | International Festival for Business 2014"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifb2014.com/Quick-Guide-to-IFB-2014-i25.html">the original</a> on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QUICK+GUIDE+TO+IFB+2014%2C+IFB+BUSINESS+CLUB%26+BUSINESS+BROKERAGE+%26%23124%3B+International+Festival+for+Business+2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifb2014.com%2FQuick-Guide-to-IFB-2014-i25.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/david-cameron-international-festival-business-7235969">Liverpool Echo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515065011/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/david-cameron-international-festival-business-7235969">Archived</a> 15 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, David Cameron's speech </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316194133/http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/periods_styles/19thcentury/steam/other_transport/index.html">"Victoria and Albert Museum. London"</a>. Vam.ac.uk. 1 June 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/periods_styles/19thcentury/steam/other_transport/index.html">the original</a> on 16 March 2010. 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Continuum International Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85285-590-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85285-590-1"><bdi>978-1-85285-590-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transport+in+Britain+1750%E2%80%932000&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-85285-590-1&rft.aulast=Bagwell&rft.aufirst=Philip+Sidney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOcY5PkqeqgIC%26q%3Dhelicopter%2B1950%2Bliverpool%2Bcardiff%26pg%3DPA170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210509201744/http://www.rsblind.com/#/history/4559365884">"Royal School for the Blind, Liverpool"</a>. 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Retrieved 3 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+School+for+the+Blind%2C+Liverpool&rft.pub=Rsblind.org.uk&rft.date=1999-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsblind.com%2F%23%2Fhistory%2F4559365884&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cXZKAAAAYAAJ&dq=liverpool+mechanics+july+1823&pg=PA152">Speeches of Henry, Lord Brougham</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230906100006/https://books.google.com/books?id=cXZKAAAAYAAJ&dq=liverpool+mechanics+july+1823&pg=PA152">Archived</a> 6 September 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Vol. II, 1841, Lea and Blanchard, Philadelphia </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBisson1884" class="citation book cs1">Bisson, Frederick (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XcNJZAcjHQwC&q=girls+school+1844+liverpool+first">Our schools and colleges</a>. 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Manchester: University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-3575-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-3575-3"><bdi>978-0-7190-3575-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Animals%2C+politics%2C+and+morality&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pub=University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-3575-3&rft.aulast=Garner&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGSK8AAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dliverpool%2Brspca%2Bwanton-cruelty%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHendrick2005" class="citation book cs1">Hendrick, Harry (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eYr7CllxrLUC&q=nspcc+liverpool+first&pg=PA37">Child welfare and social policy – an essential reader</a>. The Policy Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86134-566-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86134-566-0"><bdi>978-1-86134-566-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Child+welfare+and+social+policy+%E2%80%93+an+essential+reader&rft.pub=The+Policy+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-86134-566-0&rft.aulast=Hendrick&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeYr7CllxrLUC%26q%3Dnspcc%2Bliverpool%2Bfirst%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayes" class="citation web cs1">Hayes, Derren. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090818163026/http://www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2009/01/01/110282/liverpool-pss-planting-the-seed-of-modern-social-work.html">"communitycare.co.uk"</a>. communitycare.co.uk. 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Retrieved 3 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=communitycare.co.uk&rft.pub=communitycare.co.uk&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Derren&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.communitycare.co.uk%2FArticles%2F2009%2F01%2F01%2F110282%2Fliverpool-pss-planting-the-seed-of-modern-social-work.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRand2009" class="citation news cs1">Rand, Jackie (1 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/politics_show/8022549.stm">"BBC Politics Show, 1 May 2009"</a>. BBC News. Retrieved 3 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BBC+Politics+Show%2C+1+May+2009&rft.date=2009-05-01&rft.aulast=Rand&rft.aufirst=Jackie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fprogrammes%2Fpolitics_show%2F8022549.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWohl1984" class="citation book cs1">Wohl, Anthony S. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E5kOAAAAQAAJ&q=public+baths+liverpool+rathbone&pg=PA73">Endangered Lives: Public Health in Victorian Britain</a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-416-37950-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-416-37950-1"><bdi>978-0-416-37950-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Endangered+Lives%3A+Public+Health+in+Victorian+Britain&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-416-37950-1&rft.aulast=Wohl&rft.aufirst=Anthony+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE5kOAAAAQAAJ%26q%3Dpublic%2Bbaths%2Bliverpool%2Brathbone%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrockington1948" class="citation journal cs1">Brockington, C. 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Br Med J. 1 (4545): 298. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.1.4545.298-a">10.1136/bmj.1.4545.298-a</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2092966">2092966</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Br+Med+J&rft.atitle=The+First+M.O.H&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4545&rft.pages=298&rft.date=1948&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2092966%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.1.4545.298-a&rft.aulast=Brockington&rft.aufirst=C.+F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2092966&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDennis1986" class="citation book cs1">Dennis, Richard (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NQQQ5Dq9RWgC&q=liverpool+first+slum+clearance&pg=PA167">English Industrial Cities of the Nineteenth Century: A Social Geography</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-33839-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-33839-4"><bdi>978-0-521-33839-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240826163331/https://books.google.com/books?id=NQQQ5Dq9RWgC&q=liverpool+first+slum+clearance&pg=PA167#v=snippet&q=liverpool%20first%20slum%20clearance&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2024. Retrieved 19 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Industrial+Cities+of+the+Nineteenth+Century%3A+A+Social+Geography&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-521-33839-4&rft.aulast=Dennis&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNQQQ5Dq9RWgC%26q%3Dliverpool%2Bfirst%2Bslum%2Bclearance%26pg%3DPA167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716102900/http://www.lmi.org.uk/ambulance_merseyside.html">"Liverpool Medical Institution"</a>. Lmi.org.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lmi.org.uk/ambulance_merseyside.html">the original</a> on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liverpool+Medical+Institution&rft.pub=Lmi.org.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lmi.org.uk%2Fambulance_merseyside.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeltier1990" class="citation book cs1">Peltier, Leonard F. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kdBfBd5BdEwC&q=first+x-ray+1896+lodge+liverpool&pg=PA227">Fractures: a history and iconography of their treatment</a>. Norman Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-930405-16-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-930405-16-8"><bdi>978-0-930405-16-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240826163426/https://books.google.com/books?id=kdBfBd5BdEwC&q=first+x-ray+1896+lodge+liverpool&pg=PA227#v=snippet&q=first%20x-ray%201896%20lodge%20liverpool&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2024. Retrieved 19 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fractures%3A+a+history+and+iconography+of+their+treatment&rft.pub=Norman+Publishing&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-930405-16-8&rft.aulast=Peltier&rft.aufirst=Leonard+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkdBfBd5BdEwC%26q%3Dfirst%2Bx-ray%2B1896%2Blodge%2Bliverpool%26pg%3DPA227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallington2008" class="citation book cs1">Wallington, Neil (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7LZain9YBTkC&q=fire-engine+motorised+liverpool+1901&pg=PA9">One Hundred Years of the British Fire Engine</a>. Jeremy Mills Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906600-30-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906600-30-3"><bdi>978-1-906600-30-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240826163336/https://books.google.com/books?id=7LZain9YBTkC&q=fire-engine+motorised+liverpool+1901&pg=PA9">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2024. Retrieved 19 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Hundred+Years+of+the+British+Fire+Engine&rft.pub=Jeremy+Mills+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-906600-30-3&rft.aulast=Wallington&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7LZain9YBTkC%26q%3Dfire-engine%2Bmotorised%2Bliverpool%2B1901%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110607163458/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/collections/liverpoollives/jessie_reid_crosbie.aspx">"National Museums, Liverpool"</a>. Liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/collections/liverpoollives/jessie_reid_crosbie.aspx">the original</a> on 7 June 2011. 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Liv.ac.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liv.ac.uk/lstm/about/history_of_the_school.htm">the original</a> on 31 August 2009. Retrieved 3 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liverpool+School+of+Tropical+Medicine&rft.pub=Liv.ac.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liv.ac.uk%2Flstm%2Fabout%2Fhistory_of_the_school.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLord_Cohen_of_Birkenhead1965" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cohen,_1st_Baron_Cohen_of_Birkenhead" title="Henry Cohen, 1st Baron Cohen of Birkenhead">Lord Cohen of Birkenhead</a> (10 April 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2165718">"Liverpool's Contributions to Medicine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BMJ" class="mw-redirect" title="BMJ">BMJ</a>. 1 (5440): 945–948. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.1.5440.945">10.1136/bmj.1.5440.945</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2165718">2165718</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14260621">14260621</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ&rft.atitle=Liverpool%27s+Contributions+to+Medicine&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=5440&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E945-%3C%2Fspan%3E948&rft.date=1965-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2165718%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14260621&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.1.5440.945&rft.au=Lord+Cohen+of+Birkenhead&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2165718&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGirling2011" class="citation book cs1">Girling, Richard (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SWplmVrFxacC&q=james-newlands+sewers+liverpool+first+world&pg=PT15">Rubbish!: Dirt on Our Hands And Crisis Ahead</a>. London: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781446436943" title="Special:BookSources/9781446436943"><bdi>9781446436943</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rubbish%21%3A+Dirt+on+Our+Hands+And+Crisis+Ahead&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781446436943&rft.aulast=Girling&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSWplmVrFxacC%26q%3Djames-newlands%2Bsewers%2Bliverpool%2Bfirst%2Bworld%26pg%3DPT15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeher2012" class="citation book cs1">Geher, Robert (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ik66g-HflKIC&q=james-newlands+sewers+liverpool+first+world&pg=PA95">Complexity and Public Policy: A New Approach to 21st Century Politics, Policy And Society</a>. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415556620" title="Special:BookSources/9780415556620"><bdi>9780415556620</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Complexity+and+Public+Policy%3A+A+New+Approach+to+21st+Century+Politics%2C+Policy+And+Society&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+Oxon&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780415556620&rft.aulast=Geher&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dik66g-HflKIC%26q%3Djames-newlands%2Bsewers%2Bliverpool%2Bfirst%2Bworld%26pg%3DPA95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RdVOPhSMsvMC&q=world+liverpool-underwriters+association+oldest+OR+first+1802+OR+1803&pg=PR7">125 years of the International Union of Marine Insurance</a>. Verlag Versicherungswirtsch. 1999. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783884877760" title="Special:BookSources/9783884877760"><bdi>9783884877760</bdi></a>. Retrieved 14 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=125+years+of+the+International+Union+of+Marine+Insurance&rft.pub=Verlag+Versicherungswirtsch&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9783884877760&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRdVOPhSMsvMC%26q%3Dworld%2Bliverpool-underwriters%2Bassociation%2Boldest%2BOR%2Bfirst%2B1802%2BOR%2B1803%26pg%3DPR7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexanderSheedy2007" class="citation book cs1">Alexander, Carol; Sheedy, Elizabeth (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=upN4A6jOpkoC&q=futures+cotton+derivative+liverpool+rice&pg=PA126">The Professional Risk Managers' Guide to Financial Markets</a>. McGraw Hill Professional. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-154648-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-154648-5"><bdi>978-0-07-154648-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240826163913/https://books.google.com/books?id=upN4A6jOpkoC&q=futures+cotton+derivative+liverpool+rice&pg=PA126">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Professional+Risk+Managers%27+Guide+to+Financial+Markets&rft.pub=McGraw+Hill+Professional&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-07-154648-5&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft.au=Sheedy%2C+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DupN4A6jOpkoC%26q%3Dfutures%2Bcotton%2Bderivative%2Bliverpool%2Brice%26pg%3DPA126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/merseyside/7397702.stm">"BBC news, 13 May 2008"</a>. BBC News. 13 May 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517052113/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/merseyside/7397702.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 3 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BBC+news%2C+13+May+2008&rft.date=2008-05-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fengland%2Fmerseyside%2F7397702.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515045216/https://www.culture24.org.uk/mw189">"Culture 24"</a>. Culture 24. 26 November 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culture24.org.uk/mw189">the original</a> on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Culture+24&rft.pub=Culture+24&rft.date=2006-11-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culture24.org.uk%2Fmw189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenleyMcKernan2009" class="citation cs2">Henley, Darren; McKernan, Vincent (2009), The Original Liverpool Sound: The Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Society, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, p. 68, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84631-224-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84631-224-3"><bdi>978-1-84631-224-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Original+Liverpool+Sound%3A+The+Royal+Liverpool+Philharmonic+Society&rft.place=Liverpool&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84631-224-3&rft.aulast=Henley&rft.aufirst=Darren&rft.au=McKernan%2C+Vincent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartnollFound1996" class="citation cs2">Hartnoll, Phyllis; Found, Peter (1996), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conciseoxfordcom0000unse">The Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre</a> (2nd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780192825742.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780192825742.001.0001</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-282574-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-282574-2"><bdi>978-0-19-282574-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Oxford+Companion+to+the+Theatre&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780192825742.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-282574-2&rft.aulast=Hartnoll&rft.aufirst=Phyllis&rft.au=Found%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconciseoxfordcom0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> Pevsner Architectural Guides: Liverpool, Joseph Sharples, 2004, Yale University Press </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> Black's Guide to Liverpool and Birkenhead, 1871, Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> George R. Matthews (2005). America's First Olympics: The St. Louis Games of 1904 University of Missouri Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8262-1588-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8262-1588-8">978-0-8262-1588-8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> Ingomar Weiler (2004). "The predecessors of the Olympic movement, and Pierre de Coubertin", European Review, Vol. 12, No. 3, Cambridge University Press </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> Craig Reedie, Jim Parry, Vassil Girginov (2005). The Olympic Games Explained: A Student Guide to the Evolution of the Modern Olympic Games, Routledge <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-34604-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-34604-7">978-0-415-34604-7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/nostalgia/liverpools-record-breaking-christmas-grotto-25517874">"Liverpool's record breaking Christmas grotto beloved by generations"</a>. Liverpool Echo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231226182024/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/nostalgia/liverpools-record-breaking-christmas-grotto-25517874">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Liverpool+Echo&rft.atitle=Liverpool%27s+record+breaking+Christmas+grotto+beloved+by+generations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnostalgia%2Fliverpools-record-breaking-christmas-grotto-25517874&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRead2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Read, J. Gordon (23 September 2004). "Jones, Sir Alfred Lewis (1845–1909), shipping entrepreneur and colonial magnate". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F34222">10.1093/ref:odnb/34222</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004-09-23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F34222&rft.aulast=Read&rft.aufirst=J.+Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.disused-stations.org.uk/l/liverpool_central_ll/">"Disused Stations: Liverpool Central Low Level Station"</a>. Disused-stations.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226181807/http://www.disused-stations.org.uk/l/liverpool_central_ll/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Disused-stations.org.uk&rft.atitle=Disused+Stations%3A+Liverpool+Central+Low+Level+Station&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.disused-stations.org.uk%2Fl%2Fliverpool_central_ll%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/blue-plaque-tour-liverpool-history-12606938">"Take a Blue Plaque tour of the homes of Liverpool's most notable residents"</a>. liverpoolecho.co.uk. 15 February 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230926173819/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/blue-plaque-tour-liverpool-history-12606938">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolecho.co.uk&rft.atitle=Take+a+Blue+Plaque+tour+of+the+homes+of+Liverpool%27s+most+notable+residents&rft.date=2017-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fwhats-on%2Fwhats-on-news%2Fblue-plaque-tour-liverpool-history-12606938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHogan-O'Neill2021" class="citation book cs1">Hogan-O'Neill, William (22 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f90NEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT313">Prefabricated and Modular Architecture: Aligning Design with Manufacture and Assembly</a>. The Crowood Press. p. 313. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78500-807-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78500-807-8"><bdi>978-1-78500-807-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230918184737/https://books.google.com/books?id=f90NEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT313">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prefabricated+and+Modular+Architecture%3A+Aligning+Design+with+Manufacture+and+Assembly&rft.pages=313&rft.pub=The+Crowood+Press&rft.date=2021-02-22&rft.isbn=978-1-78500-807-8&rft.aulast=Hogan-O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df90NEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT313&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_i5ApsjD46o">Liverpool Scenes 1896/1897</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091028081858/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_i5ApsjD46o">Archived</a> 28 October 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> YouTube </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpool.gov.uk/News/newsdetail_2754.asp">Liverpool City Council</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] News, 14 October 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatilda2013" class="citation news cs1">Matilda, Battersby (15 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/google-doodle-celebrates-visionary-toy-maker-frank-hornbys-150-birthday-8616721.html">"Google Doodle celebrates visionary toy maker Frank Hornby's 150 birthday"</a>. The Independent. Retrieved 15 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Google+Doodle+celebrates+visionary+toy+maker+Frank+Hornby%27s+150+birthday&rft.date=2013-05-15&rft.aulast=Matilda&rft.aufirst=Battersby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Flife-style%2Fgadgets-and-tech%2Fnews%2Fgoogle-doodle-celebrates-visionary-toy-maker-frank-hornbys-150-birthday-8616721.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historytoday.com/nigel-watson/reaching-stars">"Reaching for the Stars"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181116043845/https://www.historytoday.com/nigel-watson/reaching-stars">Archived</a> 16 November 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_Today" title="History Today">History Today</a>, Volume: 63 Issue: 1 2013 </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/353286.stm">BBC News</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151107000305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/353286.stm">Archived</a> 7 November 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 26 May 1999 </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/liverpool-devolution-deal">"Liverpool devolution deal"</a>. Gov.uk. 16 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210516131243/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/liverpool-devolution-deal">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liverpool+devolution+deal&rft.pub=Gov.uk&rft.date=2016-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fpublications%2Fliverpool-devolution-deal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/liverpool-city-region-explained-how-19427821">"Liverpool City Region explained and how it's different to Merseyside"</a>. Liverpool Echo. 28 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210629015709/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/liverpool-city-region-explained-how-19427821">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liverpool+City+Region+explained+and+how+it%27s+different+to+Merseyside&rft.pub=Liverpool+Echo&rft.date=2020-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2Fliverpool-city-region-explained-how-19427821&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpooltownhall.co.uk/the-council-chamber-2">"The Council Chamber"</a>. liverpooltownhall.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240826163917/https://www.liverpooltownhall.co.uk/the-council-chamber-2/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2024. Retrieved 29 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpooltownhall.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+Council+Chamber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpooltownhall.co.uk%2Fthe-council-chamber-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/new-liverpool-council-cabinet-named-26864485">"New Liverpool Council cabinet named as Labour leader picks new top team to run city"</a>. Liverpool Echo. 7 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230518041357/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/new-liverpool-council-cabinet-named-26864485">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Liverpool+Echo&rft.atitle=New+Liverpool+Council+cabinet+named+as+Labour+leader+picks+new+top+team+to+run+city&rft.date=2023-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2Fnew-liverpool-council-cabinet-named-26864485&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://liverpool.gov.uk/council/councillors-and-committees/how-the-council-works">"How the council works"</a>. liverpool.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230727105514/https://liverpool.gov.uk/council/councillors-and-committees/how-the-council-works">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpool.gov.uk&rft.atitle=How+the+council+works&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fliverpool.gov.uk%2Fcouncil%2Fcouncillors-and-committees%2Fhow-the-council-works&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2021/1089/made">"The City of Liverpool (Scheme of Elections and Elections of Elected Mayor) Order 2021"</a>. legislation.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230727105513/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2021/1089/made">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=The+City+of+Liverpool+%28Scheme+of+Elections+and+Elections+of+Elected+Mayor%29+Order+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F2021%2F1089%2Fmade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://liverpool.gov.uk/council/key-statistics-and-data/ward-information/ward-maps/">"Ward Maps"</a>. liverpool.gov.uk. Liverpool City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230625153502/https://liverpool.gov.uk/council/key-statistics-and-data/ward-information/ward-maps/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpool.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Ward+Maps&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fliverpool.gov.uk%2Fcouncil%2Fkey-statistics-and-data%2Fward-information%2Fward-maps%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://councillors.liverpool.gov.uk/mgElectionResults.aspx?ID=64&RPID=60182420&_gl=1*1aslcko*_ga*NzEzMDU2MDM4LjE2OTQxNjkwOTA.*_ga_H88ZGQXGY7*MTY5NTY2NTQ0My4yNi4wLjE2OTU2NjU0NDMuMC4wLjA.&_ga=2.236638729.903517196.1695665444-1032910318.1695665444">"Councillors and committees: Municipal Elections – Thursday, 4th May, 2023"</a>. liverpool.gov.uk. 4 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230925202920/https://councillors.liverpool.gov.uk/mgElectionResults.aspx?ID=64&RPID=60182420&_gl=1*1aslcko*_ga*NzEzMDU2MDM4LjE2OTQxNjkwOTA.*_ga_H88ZGQXGY7*MTY5NTY2NTQ0My4yNi4wLjE2OTU2NjU0NDMuMC4wLjA.&_ga=2.236638729.903517196.1695665444-1032910318.1695665444">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpool.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Councillors+and+committees%3A+Municipal+Elections+%E2%80%93+Thursday%2C+4th+May%2C+2023&rft.date=2023-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcouncillors.liverpool.gov.uk%2FmgElectionResults.aspx%3FID%3D64%26RPID%3D60182420%26_gl%3D1%2A1aslcko%2A_ga%2ANzEzMDU2MDM4LjE2OTQxNjkwOTA.%2A_ga_H88ZGQXGY7%2AMTY5NTY2NTQ0My4yNi4wLjE2OTU2NjU0NDMuMC4wLjA.%26_ga%3D2.236638729.903517196.1695665444-1032910318.1695665444&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/liverpool-news/local-news/2008/07/21/the-real-legacy-of-margaret-thatcher-is-a-nation-divided-100252-21375195/">"The real legacy of Margaret Thatcher is a nation divided"</a>. Liverpool Echo. 21 July 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121013054916/http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/liverpool-news/local-news/2008/07/21/the-real-legacy-of-margaret-thatcher-is-a-nation-divided-100252-21375195/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Liverpool+Echo&rft.atitle=The+real+legacy+of+Margaret+Thatcher+is+a+nation+divided&rft.date=2008-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fliverpool-news%2Flocal-news%2F2008%2F07%2F21%2Fthe-real-legacy-of-margaret-thatcher-is-a-nation-divided-100252-21375195%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilenius2004" class="citation news cs1">Wilenius, Paul (5 March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/3067563.stm">"Enemies within: Thatcher and the unions"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200218003411/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/3067563.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Enemies+within%3A+Thatcher+and+the+unions&rft.date=2004-03-05&rft.aulast=Wilenius&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2F3067563.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.placenorthwest.co.uk/grosvenor-hopeful-of-return-to-bold-thinking-in-liverpool">"Grosvenor hopeful of return to 'bold' thinking in Liverpool"</a>. placenorthwest.co.uk. 28 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231102184254/https://www.placenorthwest.co.uk/grosvenor-hopeful-of-return-to-bold-thinking-in-liverpool/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=placenorthwest.co.uk&rft.atitle=Grosvenor+hopeful+of+return+to+%27bold%27+thinking+in+Liverpool&rft.date=2023-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.placenorthwest.co.uk%2Fgrosvenor-hopeful-of-return-to-bold-thinking-in-liverpool&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itv.com/news/granada/2023-04-28/another-major-contest-heading-to-liverpool-in-may">"Why this month's local elections in Liverpool could the most unpredictable in the city's history"</a>. itv.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230925202902/https://www.itv.com/news/granada/2023-04-28/another-major-contest-heading-to-liverpool-in-may">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=itv.com&rft.atitle=Why+this+month%27s+local+elections+in+Liverpool+could+the+most+unpredictable+in+the+city%27s+history&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itv.com%2Fnews%2Fgranada%2F2023-04-28%2Fanother-major-contest-heading-to-liverpool-in-may&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2021-03-24/debates/D5462F6C-2F3A-425D-A5A2-96998A1050BA/LiverpoolCityCouncil#contribution-A781CB1C-F978-4AE3-BB94-8350F8ED5DD6">"Liverpool City Council: Volume 691: debated on Wednesday 24 March 2021"</a>. hansard.parliament.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230925202903/https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2021-03-24/debates/D5462F6C-2F3A-425D-A5A2-96998A1050BA/LiverpoolCityCouncil#contribution-A781CB1C-F978-4AE3-BB94-8350F8ED5DD6">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hansard.parliament.uk&rft.atitle=Liverpool+City+Council%3A+Volume+691%3A+debated+on+Wednesday+24+March+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhansard.parliament.uk%2FCommons%2F2021-03-24%2Fdebates%2FD5462F6C-2F3A-425D-A5A2-96998A1050BA%2FLiverpoolCityCouncil%23contribution-A781CB1C-F978-4AE3-BB94-8350F8ED5DD6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://liverpoolexpress.co.uk/government-decision-on-best-value-interventions-announced">"Government decision on Best Value interventions announced"</a>. liverpoolexpress.co.uk. 10 June 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230925202941/https://liverpoolexpress.co.uk/government-decision-on-best-value-interventions-announced/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolexpress.co.uk&rft.atitle=Government+decision+on+Best+Value+interventions+announced&rft.date=2021-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fliverpoolexpress.co.uk%2Fgovernment-decision-on-best-value-interventions-announced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/steve-rotheram-greg-clark-liverpool-city-council-liverpool-government-b2148526.html">"Government increases intervention in Liverpool after another critical report"</a>. independent.co.uk. 19 August 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230925202902/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/steve-rotheram-greg-clark-liverpool-city-council-liverpool-government-b2148526.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=independent.co.uk&rft.atitle=Government+increases+intervention+in+Liverpool+after+another+critical+report&rft.date=2022-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fsteve-rotheram-greg-clark-liverpool-city-council-liverpool-government-b2148526.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolcityregion-ca.gov.uk/trio-tasked-with-shaping-liverpools-long-term-future-meet-for-the-first-time">"Trio tasked with shaping Liverpool's long-term future meet for the first time"</a>. liverpoolcityregion-ca.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230925202923/https://www.liverpoolcityregion-ca.gov.uk/trio-tasked-with-shaping-liverpools-long-term-future-meet-for-the-first-time/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2023. 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Retrieved 10 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ons.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Population+and+household+estimates%2C+England+and+Wales%3A+Census+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity%2Fpopulationandmigration%2Fpopulationestimates%2Fbulletins%2Fpopulationandhouseholdestimatesenglandandwales%2Fcensus2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nisra.gov.uk/publications/census-2021-person-and-household-estimates-for-data-zones-in-northern-ireland">"Census 2021 person and household estimates for Data Zones in Northern Ireland"</a>. nisra.gov.uk. 31 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230918184748/https://www.nisra.gov.uk/publications/census-2021-person-and-household-estimates-for-data-zones-in-northern-ireland">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nisra.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Census+2021+person+and+household+estimates+for+Data+Zones+in+Northern+Ireland&rft.date=2023-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nisra.gov.uk%2Fpublications%2Fcensus-2021-person-and-household-estimates-for-data-zones-in-northern-ireland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/populationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland">"Estimates of the population for the UK, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland"</a>. ons.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170712065656/https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=%2Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity%2Fpopulationandmigration%2Fpopulationestimates%2Fdatasets%2Fpopulationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland%2Fmid2016%2Fukmidyearestimates2016.xls">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ons.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Estimates+of+the+population+for+the+UK%2C+England%2C+Wales%2C+Scotland+and+Northern+Ireland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity%2Fpopulationandmigration%2Fpopulationestimates%2Fdatasets%2Fpopulationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> Liverpool Green Infrastructure Strategy – ginw.co.uk/liverpool </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515034427/https://liverpool.gov.uk/media/1355685/the-draft-liverpool-local-plan-september-2016-bc.pdf">"The Draft Liverpool Local Plan September 2016"</a> (PDF). liverpool.gov.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://liverpool.gov.uk/media/1355685/the-draft-liverpool-local-plan-september-2016-bc.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpool.gov.uk&rft.atitle=The+Draft+Liverpool+Local+Plan+September+2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fliverpool.gov.uk%2Fmedia%2F1355685%2Fthe-draft-liverpool-local-plan-september-2016-bc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-belt2-178"><a href="#cite_ref-belt2_178-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://consult.liverpool.gov.uk/portal/draft_liverpool_local_plan?pointId=s1429871636491#section-s1429871636491">"Liverpool City Council – Draft Liverpool Local Plan – 12 Green Infrastructure"</a>. consult.liverpool.gov.uk.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=consult.liverpool.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Liverpool+City+Council+%E2%80%93+Draft+Liverpool+Local+Plan+%E2%80%93+12+Green+Infrastructure&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconsult.liverpool.gov.uk%2Fportal%2Fdraft_liverpool_local_plan%3FpointId%3Ds1429871636491%23section-s1429871636491&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308001240/http://www.knowsley.gov.uk/pdf/eb08_knowsleyandseftongreenbeltstudy.pdf">"Knowsley and Sefton Green Belt Study Nov 2012"</a> (PDF). knowsley.gov.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knowsley.gov.uk/pdf/eb08_knowsleyandseftongreenbeltstudy.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=knowsley.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Knowsley+and+Sefton+Green+Belt+Study+Nov+2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.knowsley.gov.uk%2Fpdf%2Feb08_knowsleyandseftongreenbeltstudy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/green-belt-statistics">"Green belt statistics – GOV.UK"</a>. gov.uk. 16 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180703133634/https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/green-belt-statistics">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.uk&rft.atitle=Green+belt+statistics+%E2%80%93+GOV.UK&rft.date=2022-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fcollections%2Fgreen-belt-statistics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JohnBelchamMerseyPride-181">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JohnBelchamMerseyPride_181-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JohnBelchamMerseyPride_181-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelchem2024" class="citation book cs1">Belchem, John (22 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5vjdrr">Merseypride: Essays in Liverpool Exceptionalism</a>. Liverpool University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctt5vjdrr">10.2307/j.ctt5vjdrr</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84631-010-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84631-010-2"><bdi>978-1-84631-010-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5vjdrr">j.ctt5vjdrr</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240321130742/https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5vjdrr">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merseypride%3A+Essays+in+Liverpool+Exceptionalism&rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=2024-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt5vjdrr%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctt5vjdrr&rft.isbn=978-1-84631-010-2&rft.aulast=Belchem&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt5vjdrr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/liverpool-scholarship-online/book/43343/chapter-abstract/363130777?redirectedFrom=fulltext">"The Emergence of a Common Identity: The Integration of the Irish and the Harmony of 'Merseybeat'"</a>. academic.oup.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240323111154/https://academic.oup.com/liverpool-scholarship-online/book/43343/chapter-abstract/363130777?redirectedFrom=fulltext">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=academic.oup.com&rft.atitle=The+Emergence+of+a+Common+Identity%3A+The+Integration+of+the+Irish+and+the+Harmony+of+%27Merseybeat%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fliverpool-scholarship-online%2Fbook%2F43343%2Fchapter-abstract%2F363130777%3FredirectedFrom%3Dfulltext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MHVvEAAAQBAJ">Liverpool Sectarianism: The Rise and Demise</a>. Liverpool University Press. April 2017. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78138-875-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78138-875-4"><bdi>978-1-78138-875-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240826163920/https://books.google.com/books?id=MHVvEAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liverpool+Sectarianism%3A+The+Rise+and+Demise&rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=2017-04&rft.isbn=978-1-78138-875-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMHVvEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theguideliverpool.com/the-history-and-origins-of-the-scouse-accent/#google_vignette">"The history and origins of the Scouse accent"</a>. theguideliverpool.com. 17 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240323111119/https://theguideliverpool.com/the-history-and-origins-of-the-scouse-accent/#google_vignette">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theguideliverpool.com&rft.atitle=The+history+and+origins+of+the+Scouse+accent&rft.date=2024-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheguideliverpool.com%2Fthe-history-and-origins-of-the-scouse-accent%2F%23google_vignette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lel.ed.ac.uk/homes/patrick/livengkoi.pdf">"New dialect formation in nineteenth century Liverpool: A brief history of Scouse"</a> (PDF). lel.ed.ac.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210718174253/http://www.lel.ed.ac.uk/homes/patrick/livengkoi.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 18 July 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lel.ed.ac.uk&rft.atitle=New+dialect+formation+in+nineteenth+century+Liverpool%3A+A+brief+history+of+Scouse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lel.ed.ac.uk%2Fhomes%2Fpatrick%2Flivengkoi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TonyCrowley-186">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TonyCrowley_186-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TonyCrowley_186-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TonyCrowley_186-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowley2017" class="citation book cs1">Crowley, Tony (30 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lHVvEAAAQBAJ&q=+%22Leeirpooltonian%22&pg=PA135">The Liverpool English Dictionary: A Record of the Language of Liverpool 1850–2015</a>. Liverpool University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78694-833-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78694-833-5"><bdi>978-1-78694-833-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240324211040/https://books.google.com/books?id=lHVvEAAAQBAJ&q=+%22Leeirpooltonian%22&pg=PA135">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2024. 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Liverpool University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84631-840-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84631-840-5"><bdi>978-1-84631-840-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240324211041/https://books.google.com/books?id=V1Vgq0LJep4C&dq=%22liverpolitan%22&pg=PA72">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scouse%3A+A+Social+and+Cultural+History&rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=2012-01&rft.isbn=978-1-84631-840-5&rft.aulast=Crowley&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV1Vgq0LJep4C%26dq%3D%2522liverpolitan%2522%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/memorialsliverp02pictgoog/memorialsliverp02pictgoog_djvu.txt">"Memorials of Liverpool, historical and topographical; including a history of the dock estate"</a>. archive.org. 22 March 1873. Retrieved 20 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.org&rft.atitle=Memorials+of+Liverpool%2C+historical+and+topographical%3B+including+a+history+of+the+dock+estate&rft.date=1873-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fmemorialsliverp02pictgoog%2Fmemorialsliverp02pictgoog_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/liverpool-scholarship-online/search-results?page=1&q=liverpolitan&fl_SiteID=6426&SearchSourceType=1&fl_BookID=22004">"Merseypride: Essays in Liverpool Exceptionalism"</a>. academic.oup.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240320122008/https://academic.oup.com/liverpool-scholarship-online/search-results?page=1&q=liverpolitan&fl_SiteID=6426&SearchSourceType=1&fl_BookID=22004">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=academic.oup.com&rft.atitle=Merseypride%3A+Essays+in+Liverpool+Exceptionalism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fliverpool-scholarship-online%2Fsearch-results%3Fpage%3D1%26q%3Dliverpolitan%26fl_SiteID%3D6426%26SearchSourceType%3D1%26fl_BookID%3D22004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inews.co.uk/news/uk/scouse-accent-liverpool-dialect-uk-explained-beatles-brookside-393625">"How the Scouse accent developed from Irish immigrants, American LPs and a nosy dock worker"</a>. inews.co.uk. 6 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240320122005/https://inews.co.uk/news/uk/scouse-accent-liverpool-dialect-uk-explained-beatles-brookside-393625">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=inews.co.uk&rft.atitle=How+the+Scouse+accent+developed+from+Irish+immigrants%2C+American+LPs+and+a+nosy+dock+worker&rft.date=2020-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finews.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fscouse-accent-liverpool-dialect-uk-explained-beatles-brookside-393625&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TonyCrowleyEcho1-192"><a href="#cite_ref-TonyCrowleyEcho1_192-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/paddy-shennan-talks-tony-crowley-3331789">"Paddy Shennan talks to Tony Crowley, the author of a new book about the language of Liverpool"</a>. liverpoolecho.co.uk. 8 October 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240320122036/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/paddy-shennan-talks-tony-crowley-3331789">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolecho.co.uk&rft.atitle=Paddy+Shennan+talks+to+Tony+Crowley%2C+the+author+of+a+new+book+about+the+language+of+Liverpool&rft.date=2012-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2Fpaddy-shennan-talks-tony-crowley-3331789&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoland2010" class="citation journal cs1">Boland, Philip (January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/11739532">"Sonic geography, place and race in the formation of local identity: Liverpool and Scousers"</a>. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography. 92: 1–22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-0467.2010.00330.x">10.1111/j.1468-0467.2010.00330.x</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240324214045/https://www.academia.edu/11739532">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geografiska+Annaler%3A+Series+B%2C+Human+Geography&rft.atitle=Sonic+geography%2C+place+and+race+in+the+formation+of+local+identity%3A+Liverpool+and+Scousers&rft.volume=92&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E22&rft.date=2010-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-0467.2010.00330.x&rft.aulast=Boland&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F11739532&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2010280/3/RobertsKei_April2015_2010280.pdf">"The rise and fall of Liverpool sectarianism: An investigation into the decline of sectarian antagonism on Merseyside"</a> (PDF). livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240320210425/https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2010280/3/RobertsKei_April2015_2010280.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk&rft.atitle=The+rise+and+fall+of+Liverpool+sectarianism%3A+An+investigation+into+the+decline+of+sectarian+antagonism+on+Merseyside&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flivrepository.liverpool.ac.uk%2F2010280%2F3%2FRobertsKei_April2015_2010280.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/lancs/vol4/pp37-38">"Liverpool: Trade, population and geographical growth"</a>. british-history.ac.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230918184739/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/lancs/vol4/pp37-38">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=british-history.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Liverpool%3A+Trade%2C+population+and+geographical+growth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Fvch%2Flancs%2Fvol4%2Fpp37-38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitnorthwest.com/population/liverpool">"Liverpool Population"</a>. visitnorthwest.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230918184745/https://www.visitnorthwest.com/population/liverpool">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=visitnorthwest.com&rft.atitle=Liverpool+Population&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitnorthwest.com%2Fpopulation%2Fliverpool&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/liverpool/content/articles/2009/06/18/history_sectarian_1909_feature.shtml">"'The Belfast of England'"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230918184739/https://www.bbc.co.uk/liverpool/content/articles/2009/06/18/history_sectarian_1909_feature.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27The+Belfast+of+England%27&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fliverpool%2Fcontent%2Farticles%2F2009%2F06%2F18%2Fhistory_sectarian_1909_feature.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://liverpoolhistorysociety.org.uk/articles/liverpool-firsts">"Liverpool Firsts"</a>. liverpoolhistorysociety.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230918184813/https://liverpoolhistorysociety.org.uk/articles/liverpool-firsts/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolhistorysociety.org.uk&rft.atitle=Liverpool+Firsts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fliverpoolhistorysociety.org.uk%2Farticles%2Fliverpool-firsts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://localhistories.org/a-history-of-liverpool">"Liverpool in the Middle Ages"</a>. localhistories.org. 14 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928053327/https://localhistories.org/a-history-of-liverpool/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=localhistories.org&rft.atitle=Liverpool+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.date=2021-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flocalhistories.org%2Fa-history-of-liverpool&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930211936/https://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10105821/cube/TOT_POP">"Liverpool District"</a>. visionofbritain.org.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10105821/cube/TOT_POP">the original</a> on 30 September 2022. Retrieved 17 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=visionofbritain.org.uk&rft.atitle=Liverpool+District&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visionofbritain.org.uk%2Funit%2F10105821%2Fcube%2FTOT_POP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://images.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/2020-01/Liverpool-Part-2.pdf">"Liverpool"</a> (PDF). liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211120201150/https://images.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/2020-01/Liverpool-Part-2.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 20 November 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolmuseums.org.uk&rft.atitle=Liverpool&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk%2F2020-01%2FLiverpool-Part-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.histpop.org/ohpr/servlet/Browse?path=Browse/Census%20(by%20date)/1801&active=yes&treestate=contract&titlepos=0">"Online historical population reports: Census"</a>. histpop.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230918184740/http://www.histpop.org/ohpr/servlet/Browse?path=Browse/Census%20(by%20date)/1801&active=yes&treestate=contract&titlepos=0">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=histpop.org&rft.atitle=Online+historical+population+reports%3A+Census&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.histpop.org%2Fohpr%2Fservlet%2FBrowse%3Fpath%3DBrowse%2FCensus%2520%28by%2520date%29%2F1801%26active%3Dyes%26treestate%3Dcontract%26titlepos%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://images.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/2020-01/history-of-a-city-fact-file.pdf">"Liverpool – A history of a city 12,000 years in 1200 words"</a> (PDF). liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002185750/https://images.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/2020-01/history-of-a-city-fact-file.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 24 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolmuseums.org.uk&rft.atitle=Liverpool+%E2%80%93+A+history+of+a+city+12%2C000+years+in+1200+words&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk%2F2020-01%2Fhistory-of-a-city-fact-file.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/transcript-of-magical-history-tour-exhibition-tour">"Introduction"</a>. liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002191249/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/transcript-of-magical-history-tour-exhibition-tour">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 24 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolmuseums.org.uk&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk%2Ftranscript-of-magical-history-tour-exhibition-tour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.co.uk/article/history-of-liverpool">"History of Liverpool"</a>. history.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002185750/https://www.history.co.uk/article/history-of-liverpool">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 24 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.co.uk&rft.atitle=History+of+Liverpool&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fhistory-of-liverpool&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://liverpool.gov.uk/council/key-statistics-and-data/census-2021/demography">"Demography – Census 2021"</a>. liverpool.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230903110427/https://liverpool.gov.uk/council/key-statistics-and-data/census-2021/demography">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2023. Retrieved 3 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpool.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Demography+%E2%80%93+Census+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fliverpool.gov.uk%2Fcouncil%2Fkey-statistics-and-data%2Fcensus-2021%2Fdemography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/what-population-liverpool-how-big-25304427">"What is the population of Liverpool and how big is it?"</a>. liverpoolecho.co.uk. 25 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230903110425/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/what-population-liverpool-how-big-25304427">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2023. Retrieved 3 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolecho.co.uk&rft.atitle=What+is+the+population+of+Liverpool+and+how+big+is+it%3F&rft.date=2022-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2Fwhat-population-liverpool-how-big-25304427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/visualisations/censuspopulationchange/E08000012">"How the population changed in Liverpool: Census 2021"</a>. ons.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230923021438/https://www.ons.gov.uk/visualisations/censuspopulationchange/E08000012">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2023. 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Retrieved 8 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ons.gov.uk&rft.atitle=How+life+has+changed+in+Liverpool%3A+Census+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fvisualisations%2Fcensusareachanges%2FE08000012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishecho.com/2022/4/liverpool-has-deep-irish-roots">"Liverpool is a city with deep Irish roots"</a>. irishecho.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220705192603/https://www.irishecho.com/2022/4/liverpool-has-deep-irish-roots">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=irishecho.com&rft.atitle=Liverpool+is+a+city+with+deep+Irish+roots&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishecho.com%2F2022%2F4%2Fliverpool-has-deep-irish-roots&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citymonitor.ai/government/was-decline-liverpool-s-historic-population-really-unusual-3490">"Was the decline in Liverpool's historic population really that unusual?"</a>. citymonitor.ai. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230918231819/https://citymonitor.ai/government/was-decline-liverpool-s-historic-population-really-unusual-3490">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2023. 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Retrieved 9 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=geoportal.statistics.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Open+Geography+Portal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeoportal.statistics.gov.uk%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Ditl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/populationandhouseholdestimatesenglandandwales/census2021#population-sizes-and-changes-for-regions-and-local-authorities">"Population sizes and changes for regions and local authorities"</a>. ons.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606233746/https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/populationandhouseholdestimatesenglandandwales/census2021#population-sizes-and-changes-for-regions-and-local-authorities">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2023. 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Retrieved 9 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ons.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Towns+and+cities%2C+characteristics+of+built-up+areas%2C+England+and+Wales%3A+Census+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity%2Fhousing%2Farticles%2Ftownsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwales%2Fcensus2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/wellbeing/adhocs/15439populationlivinginanareacoveredbyacombinedauthorityorregionalgovernancebodythathasadevolutiondealwithadirectlyelectedmayorenglandasof13january2023">"Population living in an area covered by a combined authority or regional governance body that has a devolution deal with a directly elected mayor, England, as of 13 January 2023"</a>. ons.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230918184742/https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/wellbeing/adhocs/15439populationlivinginanareacoveredbyacombinedauthorityorregionalgovernancebodythathasadevolutiondealwithadirectlyelectedmayorenglandasof13january2023">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2023. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mersey-gateway.org/server.php?show=ConWebDoc.1372">the original</a> on 10 January 2009. Retrieved 6 August 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Ethnicity+Differences+in+Liverpool+%E2%80%93+European+Communities&rft.pub=Chambr%C3%A9+Hardman+Trust&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mersey-gateway.org%2Fserver.php%3Fshow%3DConWebDoc.1372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/liverpool/content/articles/2005/07/20/coast05walks_stage5.shtml">"Coast Walk: Stage 5 – Steam Packet Company"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515062428/http://www.bbc.co.uk/liverpool/content/articles/2005/07/20/coast05walks_stage5.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coast+Walk%3A+Stage+5+%E2%80%93+Steam+Packet+Company&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fliverpool%2Fcontent%2Farticles%2F2005%2F07%2F20%2Fcoast05walks_stage5.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081007071211/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/nof/emigrants/access/liverpool.asp?%5Blookup%5D=irish">"Leaving from Liverpool"</a>. National Museums Liverpool. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/nof/emigrants/access/liverpool.asp?%5Blookup%5D=irish">the original</a> on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 6 August 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leaving+from+Liverpool&rft.pub=National+Museums+Liverpool&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk%2Fnof%2Femigrants%2Faccess%2Fliverpool.asp%3F%255Blookup%255D%3Dirish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CoB-243"><a href="#cite_ref-CoB_243-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121224192237/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276787&c=liverpool&d=13&e=13&g=359393&i=1001x1003x1004&o=198&m=0&r=1&s=1219587699578&enc=1&dsFamilyId=11">"Neighbourhood Statistics: Country of Birth"</a>. Office for National Statistics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276787&c=liverpool&d=13&e=13&g=359393&i=1001x1003x1004&o=198&m=0&r=1&s=1219587699578&enc=1&dsFamilyId=11">the original</a> on 24 December 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Neighbourhood+Statistics%3A+Country+of+Birth&rft.pub=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk%2Fdissemination%2FLeadTableView.do%3Fa%3D3%26b%3D276787%26c%3Dliverpool%26d%3D13%26e%3D13%26g%3D359393%26i%3D1001x1003x1004%26o%3D198%26m%3D0%26r%3D1%26s%3D1219587699578%26enc%3D1%26dsFamilyId%3D11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBounds2020" class="citation news cs1">Bounds, Andy (19 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/b362aa48-6875-11ea-a3c9-1fe6fedcca75">"Liverpool holds fast to its Irish identity through Brexit and beyond"</a>. Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/b362aa48-6875-11ea-a3c9-1fe6fedcca75">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Liverpool+holds+fast+to+its+Irish+identity+through+Brexit+and+beyond&rft.date=2020-03-19&rft.aulast=Bounds&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fb362aa48-6875-11ea-a3c9-1fe6fedcca75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Latin_American_Liverpool-245"><a href="#cite_ref-Latin_American_Liverpool_245-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121011061807/http://www.liverpool.com/news/liverpool-s-latin-quarter-just-around-the-corner.html">"Liverpool's Latin quarter – just around the corner"</a>. Liverpool.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpool.com/news/liverpool-s-latin-quarter-just-around-the-corner.html">the original</a> on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Liverpool%27s+Latin+quarter+%E2%80%93+just+around+the+corner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpool.com%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-s-latin-quarter-just-around-the-corner.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IOMMalaysians-246"><a href="#cite_ref-IOMMalaysians_246-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120304145015/http://www.iomlondon.org/doc/mapping/IOM_MALAYSIA.pdf">"Malaysia Mapping Exercise"</a> (PDF). International Organization for Migration. 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BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210322232559/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/uk_1.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Islam+and+Britain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Freligion%2Freligions%2Fislam%2Fhistory%2Fuk_1.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/religion/bulletins/religionenglandandwales/census2021">"Religion, England and Wales: Census 2021"</a>. ons.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221129100449/https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/religion/bulletins/religionenglandandwales/census2021">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ons.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Religion%2C+England+and+Wales%3A+Census+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity%2Fculturalidentity%2Freligion%2Fbulletins%2Freligionenglandandwales%2Fcensus2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091118220910/http://www.liverpoolstreetgallery.com/thumbnails.php?album=51">"Church, Mosque, Synagogue"</a>. Liverpool Street Gallery. 2 December 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://liverpoolstreetgallery.com/thumbnails.php?album=51">the original</a> on 18 November 2009. Retrieved 15 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Church%2C+Mosque%2C+Synagogue&rft.pub=Liverpool+Street+Gallery&rft.date=2007-12-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fliverpoolstreetgallery.com%2Fthumbnails.php%3Falbum%3D51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sectarianism_in_England-250"><a href="#cite_ref-Sectarianism_in_England_250-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest" class="citation web cs1">West, Ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110424083701/http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/edwest/100084758/why-does-england-not-have-sectarianism-like-scotland-its-the-demography-stupid/">"Why does England not have sectarianism like Scotland and Northern Ireland? It's the demography, stupid"</a>. The Telegraph. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/edwest/100084758/why-does-england-not-have-sectarianism-like-scotland-its-the-demography-stupid/">the original</a> on 24 April 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Why+does+England+not+have+sectarianism+like+Scotland+and+Northern+Ireland%3F+It%27s+the+demography%2C+stupid&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fedwest%2F100084758%2Fwhy-does-england-not-have-sectarianism-like-scotland-its-the-demography-stupid%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ljmu.ac.uk/conferences/asc-2020/about-liverpool">"About Liverpool"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220524154101/https://www.ljmu.ac.uk/conferences/asc-2020/about-liverpool">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Liverpool&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ljmu.ac.uk%2Fconferences%2Fasc-2020%2Fabout-liverpool&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/liverpool/content/articles/2007/05/10/faith_metro_cathedral_anniv_feature.shtml">"Cathedral celebrates anniversary"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210516045905/http://www.bbc.co.uk/liverpool/content/articles/2007/05/10/faith_metro_cathedral_anniv_feature.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cathedral+celebrates+anniversary&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fliverpool%2Fcontent%2Farticles%2F2007%2F05%2F10%2Ffaith_metro_cathedral_anniv_feature.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> Sharples, Joseph, Pevsner Architectural Guide to Liverpool, Yale University Press, 2004, pg. 249 </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160821185245/http://www.liverpooljewish.com/community/history-liverpool-jewry-today.php">"Liverpool Jewry Today"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpooljewish.com/community/history-liverpool-jewry-today.php">the original</a> on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liverpool+Jewry+Today&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpooljewish.com%2Fcommunity%2Fhistory-liverpool-jewry-today.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110207213503/http://hcoliverpool.com/">"Shri Radha Krishna Temple – (Hindu Cultural Organisation, Liverpool)"</a>. Hcoliverpool.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hcoliverpool.com/">the original</a> on 7 February 2011. Retrieved 5 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shri+Radha+Krishna+Temple+%E2%80%93+%28Hindu+Cultural+Organisation%2C+Liverpool%29&rft.pub=Hcoliverpool.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhcoliverpool.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWellington_Ave1970" class="citation web cs1">Wellington Ave (1 January 1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?hl=en&cp=27&gs_id=3&xhr=t&q=wellington+avenue+liverpool&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.&biw=1366&bih=677&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x487b2052fc14d2b7:0x7f95f042f87001c6,Wellington+Ave,+Liverpool,+Merseyside+L15&gl=uk&ei=SzAvTqaGHIif-QbemI3LDg&sa=X&oi=geocode_result&ct=image&resnum=3&sqi=2&ved=0CCgQ8gEwAg">"Google Maps – Guru Nanak Gurdwara & Sikh Community Centre, Wellington Avenue, Liverpool, Merseyside, L15 0EJ"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111102093721/http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?hl=en&cp=27&gs_id=3&xhr=t&q=wellington+avenue+liverpool&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.&biw=1366&bih=677&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x487b2052fc14d2b7:0x7f95f042f87001c6,Wellington+Ave,+Liverpool,+Merseyside+L15&gl=uk&ei=SzAvTqaGHIif-QbemI3LDg&sa=X&oi=geocode_result&ct=image&resnum=3&sqi=2&ved=0CCgQ8gEwAg">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2011. Retrieved 5 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Google+Maps+%E2%80%93+Guru+Nanak+Gurdwara+%26+Sikh+Community+Centre%2C+Wellington+Avenue%2C+Liverpool%2C+Merseyside%2C+L15+0EJ&rft.date=1970-01-01&rft.au=Wellington+Ave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaps.google.co.uk%2Fmaps%3Fhl%3Den%26cp%3D27%26gs_id%3D3%26xhr%3Dt%26q%3Dwellington%2Bavenue%2Bliverpool%26bav%3Don.2%2Cor.r_gc.r_pw.%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D677%26um%3D1%26ie%3DUTF-8%26hq%3D%26hnear%3D0x487b2052fc14d2b7%3A0x7f95f042f87001c6%2CWellington%2BAve%2C%2BLiverpool%2C%2BMerseyside%2BL15%26gl%3Duk%26ei%3DSzAvTqaGHIif-QbemI3LDg%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dgeocode_result%26ct%3Dimage%26resnum%3D3%26sqi%3D2%26ved%3D0CCgQ8gEwAg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~njtrg/Bahai/Liverpool%20Bahai%20Text.html">"Liverpool Baha'is Online – Liverpool Baha'i Centre and Community"</a>. Users.globalnet.co.uk. 14 April 1950. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210310040559/http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~njtrg/Bahai/Liverpool%20Bahai%20Text.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 5 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liverpool+Baha%27is+Online+%E2%80%93+Liverpool+Baha%27i+Centre+and+Community&rft.pub=Users.globalnet.co.uk&rft.date=1950-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.users.globalnet.co.uk%2F~njtrg%2FBahai%2FLiverpool%2520Bahai%2520Text.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islaminbritishstone.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=158&Itemid=68">Islam In British Stone</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120530060202/http://www.islaminbritishstone.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=158&Itemid=68">Archived</a> 30 May 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> website </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abdullahquilliam.org/about-abdullah-quilliam-society">"The Abdullah Quilliam Society"</a>. abdullahquilliam.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928203237/http://www.abdullahquilliam.org/about-abdullah-quilliam-society/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=abdullahquilliam.org&rft.atitle=The+Abdullah+Quilliam+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abdullahquilliam.org%2Fabout-abdullah-quilliam-society&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/historic-mosque-ready-help-city-26754497">"Historic mosque ready to help city celebrate Eid"</a>. liverpoolecho.co.uk. 21 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002185759/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/historic-mosque-ready-help-city-26754497">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolecho.co.uk&rft.atitle=Historic+mosque+ready+to+help+city+celebrate+Eid&rft.date=2023-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2Fhistoric-mosque-ready-help-city-26754497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolmuslimsociety.org.uk/">"Welcome to Liverpool's Central Mosque"</a>. liverpoolmuslimsociety.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002185748/https://www.liverpoolmuslimsociety.org.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolmuslimsociety.org.uk&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+Liverpool%27s+Central+Mosque&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolmuslimsociety.org.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002185749/https://liverpoolislamiccentre.org.uk/">"Masjid Al-Taiseer"</a>. liverpoolislamiccentre.org.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://liverpoolislamiccentre.org.uk/">the original</a> on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolislamiccentre.org.uk&rft.atitle=Masjid+Al-Taiseer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fliverpoolislamiccentre.org.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/our-faith-been-accepted-here-26039783">"'Our faith has been accepted here': starting again and finding acceptance in Liverpool"</a>. liverpoolecho.co.uk. 22 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230705060713/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/our-faith-been-accepted-here-26039783">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolecho.co.uk&rft.atitle=%27Our+faith+has+been+accepted+here%27%3A+starting+again+and+finding+acceptance+in+Liverpool&rft.date=2023-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2Four-faith-been-accepted-here-26039783&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prayersconnect.com/mosques/82686365-hamza-center-community-center-liverpool-england-united-kingdom">"Hamza Center (Community Center)"</a>. prayersconnect.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002185750/https://prayersconnect.com/mosques/82686365-hamza-center-community-center-liverpool-england-united-kingdom">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=prayersconnect.com&rft.atitle=Hamza+Center+%28Community+Center%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprayersconnect.com%2Fmosques%2F82686365-hamza-center-community-center-liverpool-england-united-kingdom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prayersconnect.com/mosques/82632552-islamic-community-centre-liverpool-england-united-kingdom">"Islamic community centre"</a>. prayersconnect.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002185746/https://prayersconnect.com/mosques/82632552-islamic-community-centre-liverpool-england-united-kingdom">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=prayersconnect.com&rft.atitle=Islamic+community+centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprayersconnect.com%2Fmosques%2F82632552-islamic-community-centre-liverpool-england-united-kingdom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lmii.org/">"Liverpool Mosque & Islamic Institute"</a>. lmii.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002185746/https://lmii.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lmii.org&rft.atitle=Liverpool+Mosque+%26+Islamic+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flmii.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://majlis.org.uk/imamiyah-council/centres">"List of Shia Islamic Centres in the United Kingdom"</a>. majlis.org.uk. 5 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231202181552/https://majlis.org.uk/imamiyah-council/centres/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=majlis.org.uk&rft.atitle=List+of+Shia+Islamic+Centres+in+the+United+Kingdom&rft.date=2020-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmajlis.org.uk%2Fimamiyah-council%2Fcentres&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prayersconnect.com/mosques/82621422-masjid-annour-liverpool-england-united-kingdom">"Masjid Annour"</a>. prayersconnect.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002185748/https://prayersconnect.com/mosques/82621422-masjid-annour-liverpool-england-united-kingdom">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=prayersconnect.com&rft.atitle=Masjid+Annour&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprayersconnect.com%2Fmosques%2F82621422-masjid-annour-liverpool-england-united-kingdom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prayersconnect.com/mosques/82629775-shah-jalal-mosque-liverpool-liverpool-england-united-kingdom">"Shah Jalal Mosque Liverpool"</a>. prayersconnect.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002185749/https://prayersconnect.com/mosques/82629775-shah-jalal-mosque-liverpool-liverpool-england-united-kingdom">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=prayersconnect.com&rft.atitle=Shah+Jalal+Mosque+Liverpool&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprayersconnect.com%2Fmosques%2F82629775-shah-jalal-mosque-liverpool-liverpool-england-united-kingdom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.varbes.com/economy/liverpool-economy">"Economy of Liverpool"</a>. varbes.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829001042/https://www.varbes.com/economy/liverpool-economy">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=varbes.com&rft.atitle=Economy+of+Liverpool&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.varbes.com%2Feconomy%2Fliverpool-economy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lbndaily.co.uk/liverpool-to-become-80m-investment-zone">"Liverpool to become £80m investment zone"</a>. lbndaily.co.uk. 15 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829001044/https://lbndaily.co.uk/liverpool-to-become-80m-investment-zone/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lbndaily.co.uk&rft.atitle=Liverpool+to+become+%C2%A380m+investment+zone&rft.date=2023-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flbndaily.co.uk%2Fliverpool-to-become-80m-investment-zone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lbndaily.co.uk/liverpools-economy-will-thrive-says-prof-parkinson">"'Liverpool's economy will thrive' says Prof Parkinson"</a>. lbndaily.co.uk. 8 August 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220808072015/https://lbndaily.co.uk/liverpools-economy-will-thrive-says-prof-parkinson/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lbndaily.co.uk&rft.atitle=%27Liverpool%27s+economy+will+thrive%27+says+Prof+Parkinson&rft.date=2022-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flbndaily.co.uk%2Fliverpools-economy-will-thrive-says-prof-parkinson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossvalueaddedgva/datasets/regionalgrossvalueaddedbalancedbycombinedauthorityintheuk">"Regional gross value added (balanced) by combined authority in the UK"</a>. ons.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230927095737/https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossvalueaddedgva/datasets/regionalgrossvalueaddedbalancedbycombinedauthorityintheuk">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ons.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Regional+gross+value+added+%28balanced%29+by+combined+authority+in+the+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Feconomy%2Fgrossvalueaddedgva%2Fdatasets%2Fregionalgrossvalueaddedbalancedbycombinedauthorityintheuk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/1004135/uk-gdp-by-region">"Gross domestic product of the United Kingdom in 2021, by region"</a>. statista.com/. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829085248/https://www.statista.com/statistics/1004135/uk-gdp-by-region/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2023. 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Retrieved 1 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ons.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Regional+gross+domestic+product%3A+city+regions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Feconomy%2Fgrossdomesticproductgdp%2Fdatasets%2Fregionalgrossdomesticproductcityregions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/datasets/regionalgrossdomesticproductlocalauthorities">"Regional gross domestic product: local authorities"</a>. ons.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230828212620/https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/datasets/regionalgrossdomesticproductlocalauthorities">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2023. 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Retrieved 31 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theguideliverpool.com&rft.atitle=Liverpool+set+to+launch+20+year+plan+to+maximise+investment+opportunities&rft.date=2023-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheguideliverpool.com%2Fliverpool-set-to-launch-20-year-plan-to-maximise-investment-opportunities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/business/revealed-new-range-rover-evoque-15453283">"Revealed: New Range Rover Evoque will secure future of THOUSANDS of Halewood workers"</a>. liverpoolecho.co.uk. 22 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230831151023/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/business/revealed-new-range-rover-evoque-15453283">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolecho.co.uk&rft.atitle=Revealed%3A+New+Range+Rover+Evoque+will+secure+future+of+THOUSANDS+of+Halewood+workers&rft.date=2018-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Frevealed-new-range-rover-evoque-15453283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lbndaily.co.uk/jaguar-halewood-to-go-all-electric-in-15bn-project">"Jaguar Halewood to go all-electric in £15bn project"</a>. lbndaily.co.uk. 19 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230831151031/https://lbndaily.co.uk/jaguar-halewood-to-go-all-electric-in-15bn-project/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lbndaily.co.uk&rft.atitle=Jaguar+Halewood+to+go+all-electric+in+%C2%A315bn+project&rft.date=2023-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flbndaily.co.uk%2Fjaguar-halewood-to-go-all-electric-in-15bn-project&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.business-live.co.uk/enterprise/port-liverpool-hails-record-breaking-23621698">"Port of Liverpool hails record-breaking achievements and 'landmark moment'"</a>. business-live.co.uk. 7 April 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230831151033/https://www.business-live.co.uk/enterprise/port-liverpool-hails-record-breaking-23621698">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=business-live.co.uk&rft.atitle=Port+of+Liverpool+hails+record-breaking+achievements+and+%27landmark+moment%27&rft.date=2022-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-live.co.uk%2Fenterprise%2Fport-liverpool-hails-record-breaking-23621698&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peelports.com/campaigns/liverpool2">"Introducing Liverpool2"</a>. peelports.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230922222441/https://www.peelports.com/campaigns/liverpool2">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=peelports.com&rft.atitle=Introducing+Liverpool2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peelports.com%2Fcampaigns%2Fliverpool2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://investliverpoolcityregion.com/growth-sectors/port-logistics">"Inspiring connectivity"</a>. investliverpoolcityregion.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230831151026/https://investliverpoolcityregion.com/growth-sectors/port-logistics/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=investliverpoolcityregion.com&rft.atitle=Inspiring+connectivity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finvestliverpoolcityregion.com%2Fgrowth-sectors%2Fport-logistics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seabaycargo.com/seaport/detail/Liverpool_United-Kingdom_GBLIV.html">"Port Codes, Port Code Finder & Global Port Lookup"</a>. seabaycargo.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230831151024/https://www.seabaycargo.com/seaport/detail/Liverpool_United-Kingdom_GBLIV.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=seabaycargo.com&rft.atitle=Port+Codes%2C+Port+Code+Finder+%26+Global+Port+Lookup&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seabaycargo.com%2Fseaport%2Fdetail%2FLiverpool_United-Kingdom_GBLIV.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.powercargo.co.uk/blogs/liverpool-port-workers-vote-to-strike-for-better-wages">"Liverpool port: workers vote to strike for better wages"</a>. powercargo.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230831151023/https://www.powercargo.co.uk/blogs/liverpool-port-workers-vote-to-strike-for-better-wages">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=powercargo.co.uk&rft.atitle=Liverpool+port%3A+workers+vote+to+strike+for+better+wages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.powercargo.co.uk%2Fblogs%2Fliverpool-port-workers-vote-to-strike-for-better-wages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lbndaily.co.uk/peel-ports-completes-140m-port-expansion">"Peel Ports completes £140m port expansion"</a>. lbndaily.co.uk. 8 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230819204243/https://lbndaily.co.uk/peel-ports-completes-140m-port-expansion/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lbndaily.co.uk&rft.atitle=Peel+Ports+completes+%C2%A3140m+port+expansion&rft.date=2022-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flbndaily.co.uk%2Fpeel-ports-completes-140m-port-expansion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.placenorthwest.co.uk/govt-approves-liverpool-city-region-freeport-status">"Govt approves Liverpool City Region Freeport status"</a>. placenorthwest.co.uk. 10 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230831151027/https://www.placenorthwest.co.uk/govt-approves-liverpool-city-region-freeport-status/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=placenorthwest.co.uk&rft.atitle=Govt+approves+Liverpool+City+Region+Freeport+status&rft.date=2023-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.placenorthwest.co.uk%2Fgovt-approves-liverpool-city-region-freeport-status&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aclcargo.com/contacts/#uk">"Where to Contact ACL"</a>. aclcargo.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230922185034/https://www.aclcargo.com/contacts/#uk">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2023. 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Retrieved 31 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=borlines.com&rft.atitle=Local+offices&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.borlines.com%2Fcontact%2Flocal-offices%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR18fGBdViXZQKUCLdi2EgexfSYTr9xGuVaQIFuOa7esYEhcbzM6F7HTz4I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cma-cgm.com/local/united-kingdom/offices-contacts">"Offices & Contacts"</a>. cma-cgm.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210917194558/https://www.cma-cgm.com/local/united-kingdom/offices-contacts">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cma-cgm.com&rft.atitle=Offices+%26+Contacts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cma-cgm.com%2Flocal%2Funited-kingdom%2Foffices-contacts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hapag-lloyd.com/en/services-information/offices-localinfo/europe/united-kingdom.html">"United Kingdom"</a>. hapag-lloyd.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230821104118/https://www.hapag-lloyd.com/en/services-information/offices-localinfo/europe/united-kingdom.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hapag-lloyd.com&rft.atitle=United+Kingdom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hapag-lloyd.com%2Fen%2Fservices-information%2Foffices-localinfo%2Feurope%2Funited-kingdom.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icl-ltd.com/contact/?fbclid=IwAR2w8GRx41FXz2CSAEkthWX1X8GedsgxOypm_pUx0-9_LllStVdxhCmLFYw">"Contact ICL"</a>. icl-ltd.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230821104117/https://www.icl-ltd.com/contact/?fbclid=IwAR2w8GRx41FXz2CSAEkthWX1X8GedsgxOypm_pUx0-9_LllStVdxhCmLFYw">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=icl-ltd.com&rft.atitle=Contact+ICL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icl-ltd.com%2Fcontact%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR2w8GRx41FXz2CSAEkthWX1X8GedsgxOypm_pUx0-9_LllStVdxhCmLFYw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishferries.com/ie-en/contact-us">"Contact Us"</a>. irishferries.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230923052502/https://www.irishferries.com/ie-en/contact-us/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=irishferries.com&rft.atitle=Contact+Us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishferries.com%2Fie-en%2Fcontact-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maersk.com/local-information/europe/united-kingdom">"Shipping to and from United Kingdom"</a>. maersk.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231107221000/https://www.maersk.com/local-information/europe/united-kingdom">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2023. 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Retrieved 31 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=msc.com&rft.atitle=Connecting+the+UK+with+the+world&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msc.com%2Fen%2Flocal-information%2Feurope%2Funited-kingdom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zim.com/global-network/europe/united-kingdom/united-kingdom-contacts">"United Kingdom Contacts"</a>. zim.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230929205011/https://www.zim.com/global-network/europe/united-kingdom/united-kingdom-contacts">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zim.com&rft.atitle=United+Kingdom+Contacts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zim.com%2Fglobal-network%2Feurope%2Funited-kingdom%2Funited-kingdom-contacts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://britishfilmcommission.org.uk/studios/the-depot-liverpool">"The Depot Liverpool"</a>. britishfilmcommission.org.uk. 7 July 2021. 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Retrieved 31 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolfilmoffice.tv&rft.atitle=Filming+in+Liverpool&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolfilmoffice.tv%2Ffilming-in-liverpool&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/ten-streets-dockland-area-north-17710026">"Ten Streets: dockland area in north Liverpool hoping to be the 'next Baltic Triangle'"</a>. liverpoolecho.co.uk/. 16 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230831151025/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/ten-streets-dockland-area-north-17710026">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolecho.co.uk%2F&rft.atitle=Ten+Streets%3A+dockland+area+in+north+Liverpool+hoping+to+be+the+%27next+Baltic+Triangle%27&rft.date=2020-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2Ften-streets-dockland-area-north-17710026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.placenorthwest.co.uk/peel-to-refresh-5-5bn-liverpool-waters-masterplan">"Peel L&P to refresh £5.5bn Liverpool Waters vision"</a>. placenorthwest.co.uk. 13 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230831151026/https://www.placenorthwest.co.uk/peel-to-refresh-5-5bn-liverpool-waters-masterplan/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=placenorthwest.co.uk&rft.atitle=Peel+L%26P+to+refresh+%C2%A35.5bn+Liverpool+Waters+vision&rft.date=2023-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.placenorthwest.co.uk%2Fpeel-to-refresh-5-5bn-liverpool-waters-masterplan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-65931262">"Liverpool Littlewoods building: First details of film studio plan revealed"</a>. BBC News. 16 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230831151023/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-65931262">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2023. 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Retrieved 13 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ons.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Regional+gross+domestic+product%3A+city+regions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Feconomy%2Fgrossdomesticproductgdp%2Fdatasets%2Fregionalgrossdomesticproductcityregions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/documents/ons::combined-authorities-and-regions-december-2017-map-in-england-1/explore">"Combined Authorities and Regions (December 2017) Map in England"</a>. geoportal.statistics.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230918184740/https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/documents/ons::combined-authorities-and-regions-december-2017-map-in-england-1/explore">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2023. 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Retrieved 14 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=instituteforgovernment.org.uk&rft.atitle=English+devolution%3A+combined+authorities+and+metro+mayors&rft.date=2019-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instituteforgovernment.org.uk%2Farticle%2Fexplainer%2Fenglish-devolution-combined-authorities-and-metro-mayors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.centreforcities.org/reader/levelling-up-the-uks-regional-economies/the-development-of-mayoral-combined-authorities">"Levelling up the UK's regional economies"</a>. centreforcities.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230918184744/https://www.centreforcities.org/reader/levelling-up-the-uks-regional-economies/the-development-of-mayoral-combined-authorities/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2023. 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(<a href="/wiki/Trinity_Mirror" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity Mirror">Trinity Mirror</a>). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/liverpool-news/local-news/2009/10/01/will-liverpool-get-its-very-own-london-eye-100252-24824011/2/">the original</a> on 13 October 2012. 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Retrieved 24 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Liverpool+Echo&rft.atitle=Liverpool+Echo+wheel+of+Liverpool+%E2%80%93+get+VIP+tickets+for+launch+day&rft.date=2010-03-11&rft.aulast=Miles&rft.aufirst=Tina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2Fliverpool-echo-wheel-liverpool---3428165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-at-344"><a href="#cite_ref-at_344-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook2017" class="citation news cs1">Cook, Richard (31 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asiatimes.com/article/liverpools-new-chinatown-became-black-hole-asian-money/">"How Liverpool's 'New Chinatown' became black hole for Asian money"</a>. Asia Times. 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Retrieved 16 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Liverpool+Echo&rft.atitle=New+Chinatown+site+is+a+%27disgrace%27+with+rats+and+litter+say+furious+residents&rft.date=2018-01-21&rft.aulast=Houghton&rft.aufirst=Alistair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-gb%2Fnews%2Fnewsliverpool%2Fnew-chinatown-site-is-a-disgrace-with-rats-and-litter-say-furious-residents%2Far-AAuXUiA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Liverpool_City_of_Architecture-346"><a href="#cite_ref-Liverpool_City_of_Architecture_346-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHughes1999">Hughes 1999</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><a href="#cite_ref-347">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLiverpool_City_Council2005">Liverpool City Council 2005</a>, p. 73 </li> <li id="cite_note-Liverpool_City_Council_(2005),_p74-348">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Liverpool_City_Council_(2005),_p74_348-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Liverpool_City_Council_(2005),_p74_348-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLiverpool_City_Council2005">Liverpool City Council 2005</a>, p. 74 </li> <li id="cite_note-349"><a href="#cite_ref-349">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSharples2004">Sharples 2004</a>, p. 48 </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_pQPhVWNTY">Manchester School of Architecture video</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029112630/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_pQPhVWNTY">Archived</a> 29 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> YouTube </li> <li id="cite_note-351"><a href="#cite_ref-351">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080922062904/http://www.liverpoolarchitecture.com/tours/buildings/building.php?id=25">"Oriel Chambers"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolpsda.co.uk/ProjectOverview/keyfacts.htm">the original</a> on 11 June 2009. Retrieved 14 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Key+Facts&rft.pub=Grosvenor+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolpsda.co.uk%2FProjectOverview%2Fkeyfacts.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-369"><a href="#cite_ref-369">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.placenorthwest.co.uk/department-store-of-experiences-lined-up-for-lewiss">"'Department store of experiences' lined up for Lewis's"</a>. placenorthwest.co.uk. 23 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230907093836/https://www.placenorthwest.co.uk/department-store-of-experiences-lined-up-for-lewiss/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=placenorthwest.co.uk&rft.atitle=%27Department+store+of+experiences%27+lined+up+for+Lewis%27s&rft.date=2023-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.placenorthwest.co.uk%2Fdepartment-store-of-experiences-lined-up-for-lewiss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-370"><a href="#cite_ref-370">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/kings-dock-set-truly-significant-26154117">"King's Dock set for "truly significant" waterfront development as new team appointed"</a>. liverpoolecho.co.uk. 6 February 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231102184249/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/kings-dock-set-truly-significant-26154117">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolecho.co.uk&rft.atitle=King%27s+Dock+set+for+%22truly+significant%22+waterfront+development+as+new+team+appointed&rft.date=2023-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2Fkings-dock-set-truly-significant-26154117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-371"><a href="#cite_ref-371">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.placenorthwest.co.uk/liverpool-outlines-intentions-for-80m-investment-zone-cash">"Liverpool outlines intentions for £80m investment zone cash"</a>. placenorthwest.co.uk. 31 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005112201/https://www.placenorthwest.co.uk/liverpool-outlines-intentions-for-80m-investment-zone-cash/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=placenorthwest.co.uk&rft.atitle=Liverpool+outlines+intentions+for+%C2%A380m+investment+zone+cash&rft.date=2023-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.placenorthwest.co.uk%2Fliverpool-outlines-intentions-for-80m-investment-zone-cash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-372"><a href="#cite_ref-372">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.placenorthwest.co.uk/peel-to-refresh-5-5bn-liverpool-waters-masterplan">"Peel L&P to refresh £5.5bn Liverpool Waters vision"</a>. placenorthwest.co.uk. 13 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230831151026/https://www.placenorthwest.co.uk/peel-to-refresh-5-5bn-liverpool-waters-masterplan/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=placenorthwest.co.uk&rft.atitle=Peel+L%26P+to+refresh+%C2%A35.5bn+Liverpool+Waters+vision&rft.date=2023-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.placenorthwest.co.uk%2Fpeel-to-refresh-5-5bn-liverpool-waters-masterplan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-373"><a href="#cite_ref-373">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoslett2008" class="citation web cs1">Coslett, Paul (20 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/liverpool/content/articles/2008/06/20/once_upon_a_time_adelphi_feature.shtml">"Once Upon a Time at the Adelphi"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515191750/http://www.bbc.co.uk/liverpool/content/articles/2008/06/20/once_upon_a_time_adelphi_feature.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+at+the+Adelphi&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2008-06-20&rft.aulast=Coslett&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fliverpool%2Fcontent%2Farticles%2F2008%2F06%2F20%2Fonce_upon_a_time_adelphi_feature.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-374"><a href="#cite_ref-374">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130920155812/http://www.liv.ac.uk/mcs/lfs/consultations/blandfordlet0205.pdf">"Dr. Peter Brown, chair, Merseyside Civic Society"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liv.ac.uk/mcs/lfs/consultations/blandfordlet0205.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 20 September 2013. 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Retrieved 3 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=instituteforgovernment.org.uk&rft.atitle=Devolution+to+the+Liverpool+City+Region&rft.date=2022-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instituteforgovernment.org.uk%2Farticle%2Fexplainer%2Fdevolution-liverpool-city-region&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-377"><a href="#cite_ref-377">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/477385/Liverpool_devolution_deal_unsigned.pdf">"Liverpool City Region Devolution Agreement"</a> (PDF). gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231024213825/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/477385/Liverpool_devolution_deal_unsigned.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.uk&rft.atitle=Liverpool+City+Region+Devolution+Agreement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F477385%2FLiverpool_devolution_deal_unsigned.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-378"><a href="#cite_ref-378">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.roads.org.uk/motorway/m58">"Motorway Database: M58"</a>. roads.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230011/https://www.roads.org.uk/motorway/m58">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=roads.org.uk&rft.atitle=Motorway+Database%3A+M58&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.roads.org.uk%2Fmotorway%2Fm58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-379"><a href="#cite_ref-379">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.roads.org.uk/motorway/m6">"Motorway Database: M6"</a>. roads.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230012/https://www.roads.org.uk/motorway/m6">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=roads.org.uk&rft.atitle=Motorway+Database%3A+M6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.roads.org.uk%2Fmotorway%2Fm6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-380"><a href="#cite_ref-380">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.roads.org.uk/motorway/m62">"Motorway Database: M62"</a>. roads.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230011/https://www.roads.org.uk/motorway/m62">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=roads.org.uk&rft.atitle=Motorway+Database%3A+M62&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.roads.org.uk%2Fmotorway%2Fm62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-381"><a href="#cite_ref-381">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.roads.org.uk/motorway/m57">"Motorway Database: M57 and A5300"</a>. roads.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230012/https://www.roads.org.uk/motorway/m57">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=roads.org.uk&rft.atitle=Motorway+Database%3A+M57+and+A5300&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.roads.org.uk%2Fmotorway%2Fm57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-382"><a href="#cite_ref-382">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.roads.org.uk/motorway/m56">"Motorway Database: M56"</a>. roads.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230011/https://www.roads.org.uk/motorway/m56">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=roads.org.uk&rft.atitle=Motorway+Database%3A+M56&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.roads.org.uk%2Fmotorway%2Fm56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-383"><a href="#cite_ref-383">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.roads.org.uk/motorway/m53">"Motorway Database: M53"</a>. roads.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230013/https://www.roads.org.uk/motorway/m53">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=roads.org.uk&rft.atitle=Motorway+Database%3A+M53&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.roads.org.uk%2Fmotorway%2Fm53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-384"><a href="#cite_ref-384">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railboard.com/articles/busiest-uk-train-stations">"The busiest UK train stations"</a>. railboard.com. Retrieved 16 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=railboard.com&rft.atitle=The+busiest+UK+train+stations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.railboard.com%2Farticles%2Fbusiest-uk-train-stations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-385"><a href="#cite_ref-385">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railadvent.co.uk/2023/07/london-north-eastern-railway-runs-trial-train-to-liverpool-street.html">"London North Eastern Railway runs trial train to Liverpool Street"</a>. railadvent.co.uk. 14 July 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=railadvent.co.uk&rft.atitle=London+North+Eastern+Railway+runs+trial+train+to+Liverpool+Street&rft.date=2023-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.railadvent.co.uk%2F2023%2F07%2Flondon-north-eastern-railway-runs-trial-train-to-liverpool-street.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-386"><a href="#cite_ref-386">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britainrails.com/liverpool-lime-street-train-station.html">"Liverpool Lime Street"</a>. britainrails.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230010/https://www.britainrails.com/liverpool-lime-street-train-station.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=britainrails.com&rft.atitle=Liverpool+Lime+Street&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britainrails.com%2Fliverpool-lime-street-train-station.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-387"><a href="#cite_ref-387">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tpexpress.co.uk/explore-the-north-and-scotland/destinations/liverpool">"Trains to Liverpool"</a>. tpexpress.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230011/https://www.tpexpress.co.uk/explore-the-north-and-scotland/destinations/liverpool">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tpexpress.co.uk&rft.atitle=Trains+to+Liverpool&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tpexpress.co.uk%2Fexplore-the-north-and-scotland%2Fdestinations%2Fliverpool&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-388"><a href="#cite_ref-388">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/projects/liverpoollimestreets">"Liverpool Lime Street Station"</a>. railway-technology.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230924035916/https://www.railway-technology.com/projects/liverpoollimestreets/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=railway-technology.com&rft.atitle=Liverpool+Lime+Street+Station&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.railway-technology.com%2Fprojects%2Fliverpoollimestreets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-389"><a href="#cite_ref-389">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britainrails.com/liverpool-to-glasgow.html">"Liverpool to Glasgow Train"</a>. britainrails.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230011/https://www.britainrails.com/liverpool-to-glasgow.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=britainrails.com&rft.atitle=Liverpool+to+Glasgow+Train&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britainrails.com%2Fliverpool-to-glasgow.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-390"><a href="#cite_ref-390">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetrainline.com/train-times/liverpool-to-glasgow">"Trains from Liverpool to Glasgow"</a>. thetrainline.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230012/https://www.thetrainline.com/train-times/liverpool-to-glasgow">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thetrainline.com&rft.atitle=Trains+from+Liverpool+to+Glasgow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetrainline.com%2Ftrain-times%2Fliverpool-to-glasgow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-391"><a href="#cite_ref-391">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bitesizedbritain.co.uk/liverpool-lime-street-is-a-terminus-railway-station111/">"Liverpool's Lime Street – the world's oldest mainline station"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230815141615/https://www.bitesizedbritain.co.uk/liverpool-lime-street-is-a-terminus-railway-station111/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liverpool%27s+Lime+Street+%E2%80%93+the+world%27s+oldest+mainline+station&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bitesizedbritain.co.uk%2Fliverpool-lime-street-is-a-terminus-railway-station111%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-392"><a href="#cite_ref-392">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/full-list-cruise-ships-coming-26190725">"Full list of cruise ships coming to Liverpool in 2023"</a>. liverpoolecho.co.uk. 9 February 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230016/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/full-list-cruise-ships-coming-26190725">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolecho.co.uk&rft.atitle=Full+list+of+cruise+ships+coming+to+Liverpool+in+2023&rft.date=2023-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2Ffull-list-cruise-ships-coming-26190725&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-393"><a href="#cite_ref-393">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cruise-liverpool.com/welcome-to-cruise-liverpool">"About"</a>. cruise-liverpool.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002033356/https://www.cruise-liverpool.com/welcome-to-cruise-liverpool/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cruise-liverpool.com&rft.atitle=About&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cruise-liverpool.com%2Fwelcome-to-cruise-liverpool&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-394"><a href="#cite_ref-394">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cultureliverpool.co.uk/news/15yrs-at-cruise-liverpool">"Liverpool 'sail-ebrates' 15 years in cruise control"</a>. cultureliverpool.co.uk. 5 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230012/https://www.cultureliverpool.co.uk/news/15yrs-at-cruise-liverpool/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cultureliverpool.co.uk&rft.atitle=Liverpool+%27sail-ebrates%27+15+years+in+cruise+control&rft.date=2022-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cultureliverpool.co.uk%2Fnews%2F15yrs-at-cruise-liverpool&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-395"><a href="#cite_ref-395">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cruise-liverpool.com/gallery">"Gallery"</a>. www. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230020/https://www.cruise-liverpool.com/gallery/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.&rft.atitle=Gallery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cruise-liverpool.com%2Fgallery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-396"><a href="#cite_ref-396">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/two-pocket-sized-cruise-ships-24799352">"Two 'pocket-sized' cruise ships to visit Liverpool for the first time"</a>. liverpoolecho.co.uk. 20 August 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230011/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/two-pocket-sized-cruise-ships-24799352">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolecho.co.uk&rft.atitle=Two+%27pocket-sized%27+cruise+ships+to+visit+Liverpool+for+the+first+time&rft.date=2022-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2Ftwo-pocket-sized-cruise-ships-24799352&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-397"><a href="#cite_ref-397">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/take-look-inside-luxury-cruise-16647324">"Take a look inside the luxury cruise liner Azamara Journey during its stop-off in Liverpool"</a>. liverpoolecho.co.uk. 25 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230014/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/take-look-inside-luxury-cruise-16647324">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolecho.co.uk&rft.atitle=Take+a+look+inside+the+luxury+cruise+liner+Azamara+Journey+during+its+stop-off+in+Liverpool&rft.date=2019-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2Ftake-look-inside-luxury-cruise-16647324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-398"><a href="#cite_ref-398">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.carnival.com/cruise-to/europe-cruises/liverpool-cruises.aspx">"Liverpool, England"</a>. carnival.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008231513/https://www.carnival.com/cruise-to/europe-cruises/liverpool-cruises.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=carnival.com&rft.atitle=Liverpool%2C+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.carnival.com%2Fcruise-to%2Feurope-cruises%2Fliverpool-cruises.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-399"><a href="#cite_ref-399">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.celebritycruises.com/gb/ports/liverpool">"Cruises to Liverpool, England"</a>. celebritycruises.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230011/https://www.celebritycruises.com/gb/ports/liverpool">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=celebritycruises.com&rft.atitle=Cruises+to+Liverpool%2C+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.celebritycruises.com%2Fgb%2Fports%2Fliverpool&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-400"><a href="#cite_ref-400">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cruise-liverpool.com/queen-mary-2-to-run-first-cunard-liverpool-sailings-in-45-years">"Queen Mary 2 to run first Cunard Liverpool sailings in 45 years"</a>. cruise-liverpool.com. March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230017/https://www.cruise-liverpool.com/queen-mary-2-to-run-first-cunard-liverpool-sailings-in-45-years/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cruise-liverpool.com&rft.atitle=Queen+Mary+2+to+run+first+Cunard+Liverpool+sailings+in+45+years&rft.date=2013-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cruise-liverpool.com%2Fqueen-mary-2-to-run-first-cunard-liverpool-sailings-in-45-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-401"><a href="#cite_ref-401">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://disneycruise.disney.go.com/ports/liverpool-england">"Liverpool, England"</a>. disney.go.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220528040910/https://disneycruise.disney.go.com/ports/liverpool-england/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=disney.go.com&rft.atitle=Liverpool%2C+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdisneycruise.disney.go.com%2Fports%2Fliverpool-england&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-402"><a href="#cite_ref-402">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fredolsencruises.com/cruising-information/departure-port/liverpool">"Liverpool Cruise Port"</a>. fredolsencruises.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230013/https://www.fredolsencruises.com/cruising-information/departure-port/liverpool">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fredolsencruises.com&rft.atitle=Liverpool+Cruise+Port&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fredolsencruises.com%2Fcruising-information%2Fdeparture-port%2Fliverpool&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-403"><a href="#cite_ref-403">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/cruise-liner-thats-like-floating-24318418">"Cruise liner that's like a floating art gallery sails into Liverpool"</a>. liverpoolecho.co.uk. 25 June 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230011/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/cruise-liner-thats-like-floating-24318418">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolecho.co.uk&rft.atitle=Cruise+liner+that%27s+like+a+floating+art+gallery+sails+into+Liverpool&rft.date=2022-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2Fcruise-liner-thats-like-floating-24318418&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-404"><a href="#cite_ref-404">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollandamerica.com/en_US/ports/liverpool-england-united-kingdom.html">"Liverpool, England, United Kingdom"</a>. hollandamerica.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230011/https://www.hollandamerica.com/en_US/ports/liverpool-england-united-kingdom.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hollandamerica.com&rft.atitle=Liverpool%2C+England%2C+United+Kingdom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollandamerica.com%2Fen_US%2Fports%2Fliverpool-england-united-kingdom.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-405"><a href="#cite_ref-405">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seatrade-cruise.com/ports-destinations/sch-awarded-three-year-extension-cruise-handling-liverpool">"SCH awarded three-year extension for cruise handling in Liverpool"</a>. seatrade-cruise.com. 19 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230021/https://www.seatrade-cruise.com/ports-destinations/sch-awarded-three-year-extension-cruise-handling-liverpool">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=seatrade-cruise.com&rft.atitle=SCH+awarded+three-year+extension+for+cruise+handling+in+Liverpool&rft.date=2023-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seatrade-cruise.com%2Fports-destinations%2Fsch-awarded-three-year-extension-cruise-handling-liverpool&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-406"><a href="#cite_ref-406">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/huge-cruise-liner-named-kim-27621975">"Huge cruise liner named by Kim Cattrall docks in city"</a>. liverpoolecho.co.uk. 30 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230034/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/huge-cruise-liner-named-kim-27621975">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolecho.co.uk&rft.atitle=Huge+cruise+liner+named+by+Kim+Cattrall+docks+in+city&rft.date=2023-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2Fhuge-cruise-liner-named-kim-27621975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-407"><a href="#cite_ref-407">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pocruises.com/ports/liverpool-united-kingdom">"Liverpool, United Kingdom cruise holidays"</a>. pocruises.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230011/https://www.pocruises.com/ports/liverpool-united-kingdom">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pocruises.com&rft.atitle=Liverpool%2C+United+Kingdom+cruise+holidays&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pocruises.com%2Fports%2Fliverpool-united-kingdom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-408"><a href="#cite_ref-408">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cruise-liverpool.com/cruise-ship-royal-princess-coming-back-liverpool">"Royal Princess's return to Liverpool"</a>. cruise-liverpool.com. 22 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230017/https://www.cruise-liverpool.com/cruise-ship-royal-princess-coming-back-liverpool/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cruise-liverpool.com&rft.atitle=Royal+Princess%27s+return+to+Liverpool&rft.date=2016-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cruise-liverpool.com%2Fcruise-ship-royal-princess-coming-back-liverpool&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-409"><a href="#cite_ref-409">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cruisetradenews.com/seven-seas-explorer-sails-to-the-uk-and-ireland-for-the-first-time">"Seven Seas Explorer sails to the UK and Ireland for the first time"</a>. cruisetradenews.com. June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230013/https://www.cruisetradenews.com/seven-seas-explorer-sails-to-the-uk-and-ireland-for-the-first-time">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cruisetradenews.com&rft.atitle=Seven+Seas+Explorer+sails+to+the+UK+and+Ireland+for+the+first+time&rft.date=2017-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cruisetradenews.com%2Fseven-seas-explorer-sails-to-the-uk-and-ireland-for-the-first-time&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-410"><a href="#cite_ref-410">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalcaribbean.com/gbr/en/cruise-to/liverpool-england">"Let it be Liverpool"</a>. royalcaribbean.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008231513/https://www.royalcaribbean.com/gbr/en/cruise-to/liverpool-england">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=royalcaribbean.com&rft.atitle=Let+it+be+Liverpool&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalcaribbean.com%2Fgbr%2Fen%2Fcruise-to%2Fliverpool-england&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-411"><a href="#cite_ref-411">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ship-technology.com/projects/spirit-of-discovery-cruise-ship">"Spirit of Discovery Cruise Ship"</a>. ship-technology.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230012/https://www.ship-technology.com/projects/spirit-of-discovery-cruise-ship/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ship-technology.com&rft.atitle=Spirit+of+Discovery+Cruise+Ship&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ship-technology.com%2Fprojects%2Fspirit-of-discovery-cruise-ship&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-412"><a href="#cite_ref-412">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/new-luxury-cruise-ship-makes-23996000">"New luxury cruise ship makes its maiden appearance in Liverpool"</a>. liverpoolecho.co.uk. 21 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230022/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/new-luxury-cruise-ship-makes-23996000">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolecho.co.uk&rft.atitle=New+luxury+cruise+ship+makes+its+maiden+appearance+in+Liverpool&rft.date=2022-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2Fnew-luxury-cruise-ship-makes-23996000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-413"><a href="#cite_ref-413">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/liverpool-set-first-international-cruise-21284957">"Liverpool set for first international cruise visit since start of pandemic"</a>. liverpoolecho.co.uk. 11 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230012/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/liverpool-set-first-international-cruise-21284957">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolecho.co.uk&rft.atitle=Liverpool+set+for+first+international+cruise+visit+since+start+of+pandemic&rft.date=2021-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2Fliverpool-set-first-international-cruise-21284957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-port01-414"><a href="#cite_ref-port01_414-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/port-and-domestic-waterborne-freight-statistics-port">"Statistical data set PORT01 – UK ports and traffic"</a>. Department for Transport. 17 July 2024. 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Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolmuseums.org.uk&rft.atitle=The+port+of+Liverpool&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk%2Farchivesheet34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-416"><a href="#cite_ref-416">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peelports.com/our-ports/liverpool">"Your gateway to transatlantic trade"</a>. peelports.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002140121/https://www.peelports.com/our-ports/liverpool">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=peelports.com&rft.atitle=Your+gateway+to+transatlantic+trade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peelports.com%2Four-ports%2Fliverpool&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-417"><a href="#cite_ref-417">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.highway-logistics.co.uk/the-uks-top-5-busiest-shipping-ports">"The UK's Top 5 Busiest Shipping Ports"</a>. highway-logistics.co.uk. 31 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230013/https://www.highway-logistics.co.uk/the-uks-top-5-busiest-shipping-ports">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=highway-logistics.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+UK%27s+Top+5+Busiest+Shipping+Ports&rft.date=2023-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.highway-logistics.co.uk%2Fthe-uks-top-5-busiest-shipping-ports&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-418"><a href="#cite_ref-418">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shipafreight.com/knowledge-series/largest-ports-uk">"Top 5 Largest Ports in the UK"</a>. shipafreight.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230020/https://www.shipafreight.com/knowledge-series/largest-ports-uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shipafreight.com&rft.atitle=Top+5+Largest+Ports+in+the+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shipafreight.com%2Fknowledge-series%2Flargest-ports-uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-419"><a href="#cite_ref-419">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/316340/liverpool-port-quarterly-inward-sea-freight-in-the-united-kingdom">"Sea freight tonnage arriving at Liverpool port in the United Kingdom (UK) between 2000 and 2020"</a>. statista.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230012/https://www.statista.com/statistics/316340/liverpool-port-quarterly-inward-sea-freight-in-the-united-kingdom/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=statista.com&rft.atitle=Sea+freight+tonnage+arriving+at+Liverpool+port+in+the+United+Kingdom+%28UK%29+between+2000+and+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statista.com%2Fstatistics%2F316340%2Fliverpool-port-quarterly-inward-sea-freight-in-the-united-kingdom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-420"><a href="#cite_ref-420">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/port-freight-annual-statistics-2022/port-freight-annual-statistics-2022-cargo-information">"Port freight annual statistics 2022: Cargo information"</a>. gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230011/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/port-freight-annual-statistics-2022/port-freight-annual-statistics-2022-cargo-information">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.uk&rft.atitle=Port+freight+annual+statistics+2022%3A+Cargo+information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fstatistics%2Fport-freight-annual-statistics-2022%2Fport-freight-annual-statistics-2022-cargo-information&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-421"><a href="#cite_ref-421">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://canalrivertrust.org.uk/enjoy-the-waterways/canal-and-river-network/liverpool-canal-link">"Liverpool Canal Link | Canal & River Trust"</a>. canalrivertrust.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210509220753/https://canalrivertrust.org.uk/enjoy-the-waterways/canal-and-river-network/liverpool-canal-link">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=canalrivertrust.org.uk&rft.atitle=Liverpool+Canal+Link+%7C+Canal+%26+River+Trust&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcanalrivertrust.org.uk%2Fenjoy-the-waterways%2Fcanal-and-river-network%2Fliverpool-canal-link&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-422"><a href="#cite_ref-422">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolairport.com/destinations-map">"Destination Map"</a>. liverpoolairport.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230822104823/https://www.liverpoolairport.com/destinations-map">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolairport.com&rft.atitle=Destination+Map&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolairport.com%2Fdestinations-map&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-423"><a href="#cite_ref-423">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolairport.com/airlines">"Airlines"</a>. liverpoolairport.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230822104825/https://www.liverpoolairport.com/airlines">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolairport.com&rft.atitle=Airlines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolairport.com%2Fairlines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-424"><a href="#cite_ref-424">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/liverpool-connected-usa-via-iceland-25203692">"Liverpool connected to USA via Iceland as new airline arrives at John Lennon Airport"</a>. liverpoolecho.co.uk. 7 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230011/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/liverpool-connected-usa-via-iceland-25203692">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolecho.co.uk&rft.atitle=Liverpool+connected+to+USA+via+Iceland+as+new+airline+arrives+at+John+Lennon+Airport&rft.date=2022-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2Fliverpool-connected-usa-via-iceland-25203692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-425"><a href="#cite_ref-425">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolairport.com/airlines/aer-lingus">"Liverpool to Ireland and the US with Aer Lingus"</a>. liverpoolairport.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230012/https://www.liverpoolairport.com/airlines/aer-lingus">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolairport.com&rft.atitle=Liverpool+to+Ireland+and+the+US+with+Aer+Lingus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolairport.com%2Fairlines%2Faer-lingus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-426"><a href="#cite_ref-426">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolairport.com/private-jets">"Private Jets"</a>. liverpoolairport.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008230012/https://www.liverpoolairport.com/private-jets">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolairport.com&rft.atitle=Private+Jets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolairport.com%2Fprivate-jets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-427"><a href="#cite_ref-427">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dataportal.orr.gov.uk/statistics/usage/passenger-rail-usage">"Passenger rail usage"</a>. gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005095734/https://dataportal.orr.gov.uk/statistics/usage/passenger-rail-usage/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.uk&rft.atitle=Passenger+rail+usage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdataportal.orr.gov.uk%2Fstatistics%2Fusage%2Fpassenger-rail-usage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-428"><a href="#cite_ref-428">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merseyrail.org/about-us/corporate-information">"Corporate Information"</a>. merseyrail.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003034146/https://www.merseyrail.org/about-us/corporate-information/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=merseyrail.org&rft.atitle=Corporate+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merseyrail.org%2Fabout-us%2Fcorporate-information&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-429"><a href="#cite_ref-429">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railengineer.co.uk/new-merseyrail-connected-trains">"New MerseyRail 'connected' trains"</a>. railengineer.co.uk. 29 June 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=railengineer.co.uk&rft.atitle=New+MerseyRail+%27connected%27+trains&rft.date=2020-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.railengineer.co.uk%2Fnew-merseyrail-connected-trains&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-430"><a href="#cite_ref-430">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230605233840/https://www.liverpoolcityregion-ca.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/LCRCA_TRANSPORT_EXEC_SUMM.pdf">"Liverpool City Region Combined Authority Transport Plan: Executive Summary Facilitating Inclusive Economy"</a> (PDF). liverpoolcityregion-ca.gov.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://liverpoolcityregion-ca.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/LCRCA_TRANSPORT_EXEC_SUMM.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 5 June 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolcityregion-ca.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Liverpool+City+Region+Combined+Authority+Transport+Plan%3A+Executive+Summary+Facilitating+Inclusive+Economy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fliverpoolcityregion-ca.gov.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FLCRCA_TRANSPORT_EXEC_SUMM.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-431"><a href="#cite_ref-431">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merseytravel.gov.uk/customer-information/routes-and-maps">"Routes & Maps"</a>. merseytravel.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231203202113/https://www.merseytravel.gov.uk/customer-information/routes-and-maps/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=merseytravel.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Routes+%26+Maps&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merseytravel.gov.uk%2Fcustomer-information%2Froutes-and-maps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-432"><a href="#cite_ref-432">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merseyrail.org/journey-planning/plan-your-journey/network-map">"Network Map"</a>. merseyrail.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231201031545/https://www.merseyrail.org/journey-planning/plan-your-journey/network-map/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=merseyrail.org&rft.atitle=Network+Map&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merseyrail.org%2Fjourney-planning%2Fplan-your-journey%2Fnetwork-map&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Who_are_Merseyrail-433">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Who_are_Merseyrail_433-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Who_are_Merseyrail_433-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090626073949/http://www.merseyrail.org/about/?sGUID=2a45e2d07d59c0d621570a918cb62195">"Who are Merseyrail"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Merseyrail" title="Merseyrail">Merseyrail</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merseyrail.org/about/?sGUID=2a45e2d07d59c0d621570a918cb62195">the original</a> on 26 June 2009. Retrieved 23 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+are+Merseyrail&rft.pub=Merseyrail&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merseyrail.org%2Fabout%2F%3FsGUID%3D2a45e2d07d59c0d621570a918cb62195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-434"><a href="#cite_ref-434">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305172221/http://www.merseyrail.org/media/162040/Performance.pdf">"Merseyrail reports record levels of performance"</a> (PDF). Merseyrail. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merseyrail.org/media/162040/Performance.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 7 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merseyrail&rft.atitle=Merseyrail+reports+record+levels+of+performance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merseyrail.org%2Fmedia%2F162040%2FPerformance.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-435"><a href="#cite_ref-435">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rchs.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/2017RailTourNotesfinal.pdf">"RCHS NW Group 2017 Rail Tour, Thursday 30th March 2017: A Circular Tour from Manchester around Cheshire, The Wirral & The Mersey"</a> (PDF). rchs.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230604181152/https://www.rchs.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/2017RailTourNotesfinal.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 4 June 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rchs.org.uk&rft.atitle=RCHS+NW+Group+2017+Rail+Tour%2C+Thursday+30th+March+2017%3A+A+Circular+Tour+from+Manchester+around+Cheshire%2C+The+Wirral+%26+The+Mersey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rchs.org.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F03%2F2017RailTourNotesfinal.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-436"><a href="#cite_ref-436">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolcityregion-ca.gov.uk/rail-history-made-yet-again-as-mayor-hails-the-launch-of-the-uks-first-battery-powered-trains-in-the-liverpool-city-region">"Rail history made yet again as Mayor hails the launch of the UKs first battery powered trains in the Liverpool City Region"</a>. liverpoolcityregion-ca.gov.uk. 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BBC News. 5 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231009041755/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-67011369">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=UK%27s+first+battery-powered+trains+hit+the+tracks&rft.date=2023-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-merseyside-67011369&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-438"><a href="#cite_ref-438">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090713235107/http://www.merseytravel.gov.uk/information_bus.asp">"Bus Information"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Merseytravel" title="Merseytravel">Merseytravel</a>. 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Retrieved 8 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theguideliverpool.com&rft.atitle=New+e-bike+hire+scheme+coming+to+Liverpool+with+Voi&rft.date=2022-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheguideliverpool.com%2Fnew-e-bike-hire-scheme-coming-to-liverpool-with-voi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-449"><a href="#cite_ref-449">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://liverpoolexpress.co.uk/citys-new-e-bike-scheme-launched">"City's new e-bike scheme launched"</a>. liverpoolexpress.co.uk. 2 November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111221527/https://liverpoolexpress.co.uk/citys-new-e-bike-scheme-launched/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2023. 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Inspidered.wordpress.com. 9 August 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210517023830/https://inspidered.wordpress.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inspidered&rft.pub=Inspidered.wordpress.com&rft.date=2012-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inspidered.wordpress.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-469"><a href="#cite_ref-469">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandon1833" class="citation book cs1">Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1833). "poetical illustration". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=19BbAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PT44">Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1834</a>. 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Retrieved 23 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=picture&rft.btitle=Fisher%27s+Drawing+Room+Scrap+Book%2C+1834&rft.pub=Fisher%2C+Son+%26+Co.&rft.date=1833&rft.aulast=Landon&rft.aufirst=Letitia+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.google.com%2Fbooks%2Freader%3Fid%3D19BbAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DGBS.PT47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-470"><a href="#cite_ref-470">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inspidered.wordpress.com/">"WordPress.com"</a>. Inspidered.wordpress.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210517023830/https://inspidered.wordpress.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2021. 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Retrieved 3 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Memories%2C+Dreams%2C+Reflections+%281961%29&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=1963&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmemoriesdreamsre007394mbp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-475"><a href="#cite_ref-475">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bluecoatpress.co.uk/liverpool/her-benny-silas-hocking/">Her Benny</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121122053532/http://bluecoatpress.co.uk/liverpool/her-benny-silas-hocking/">Archived</a> 22 November 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Bluecoat Press </li> <li id="cite_note-476"><a href="#cite_ref-476">^</a> Michael Murphy, "Introduction" to The Collected George Garrett. (Nottingham: Trent Editions, 1999). </li> <li id="cite_note-477"><a href="#cite_ref-477">^</a> An important biographical source is Chris Gostick's "Extra Material on James Hanley's <a href="/wiki/Boy_(novel)" title="Boy (novel)">Boy</a>", in the OneWorld Classics edition of Boy (2007), pp. 181–4. </li> <li id="cite_note-478"><a href="#cite_ref-478">^</a> Chris Gostick, "Extra Material on James Hanley's Boy" from the OneWorld Classics edition of Boy (2007). </li> <li id="cite_note-479"><a href="#cite_ref-479">^</a> Irishwriters online. </li> <li id="cite_note-480"><a href="#cite_ref-480">^</a> The Times, 29 November 1982; pg. 11; see also "Gandhi's Life As A Film", The Times 16 December 1964; pg. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-481"><a href="#cite_ref-481">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110425050801/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article3127837.ece">"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>. 5 January 2008. 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(Liverpool: University of Liverpool Press, 2007), pp.88–9. </li> <li id="cite_note-Obituary-483"><a href="#cite_ref-Obituary_483-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/edmontonjournal/obituary.aspx?page=lifestory&pid=154799376">"June BHATIA Obituary"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Journal" title="Edmonton Journal">Edmonton Journal</a>. 27 November 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131213185117/http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/edmontonjournal/obituary.aspx?page=lifestory&pid=154799376">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 30 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Edmonton+Journal&rft.atitle=June+BHATIA+Obituary&rft.date=2011-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legacy.com%2Fobituaries%2Fedmontonjournal%2Fobituary.aspx%3Fpage%3Dlifestory%26pid%3D154799376&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-484"><a href="#cite_ref-484">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradley2011" class="citation news cs1">Bradley, Kate (2 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/dec/02/helen-forrester">"Helen Forrester obituary"</a>. The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media Limited. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210509230951/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/dec/02/helen-forrester">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Helen+Forrester+obituary&rft.date=2011-12-02&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2011%2Fdec%2F02%2Fhelen-forrester&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-485"><a href="#cite_ref-485">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMackenzie2009" class="citation cs2">Mackenzie, A. 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Retrieved 23 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unity+Theatre+Liverpool&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unitytheatreliverpool.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-492"><a href="#cite_ref-492">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theguideliverpool.com/liverpool-nightlife-night-time-economy-overtakes-london-in-post-pandemic-recovery">"Liverpool nightlife: night-time economy overtakes London in post pandemic recovery"</a>. theguideliverpool.com. 10 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230828041553/https://theguideliverpool.com/liverpool-nightlife-night-time-economy-overtakes-london-in-post-pandemic-recovery/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2023. 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Liverpool Daily Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130420153649/http://www.liverpooldailypost.co.uk/liverpool-news/regional-news/2008/09/15/regiment-marches-to-salute-freedom-of-city-99623-21817953/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Liverpool+Daily+Post&rft.atitle=Regiment+marches+to+salute+Freedom+of+City&rft.date=2008-09-15&rft.aulast=Schofield&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpooldailypost.co.uk%2Fliverpool-news%2Fregional-news%2F2008%2F09%2F15%2Fregiment-marches-to-salute-freedom-of-city-99623-21817953%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-531"><a href="#cite_ref-531">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itv.com/news/granada/2017-10-16/army-battery-awarded-freedom-of-liverpool/">"Army Battery awarded Freedom of Liverpool"</a>. ITV News. 16 October 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210516045810/https://www.itv.com/news/granada/2017-10-16/army-battery-awarded-freedom-of-liverpool">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 5 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ITV+News&rft.atitle=Army+Battery+awarded+Freedom+of+Liverpool&rft.date=2017-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itv.com%2Fnews%2Fgranada%2F2017-10-16%2Farmy-battery-awarded-freedom-of-liverpool%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-532"><a href="#cite_ref-532">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-merseyside-55264906">"Covid-19: Army test centre troops receive Freedom of Liverpool"</a>. BBC News. 11 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210510013755/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-merseyside-55264906">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Covid-19%3A+Army+test+centre+troops+receive+Freedom+of+Liverpool&rft.date=2020-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-merseyside-55264906&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-533"><a href="#cite_ref-533">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston2024" class="citation web cs1">Johnston, Paul (5 December 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://liverpoolexpress.co.uk/freedom-of-the-city-for-hms-prince-of-wales/">"Freedom of the City for HMS Prince of Wales"</a>. Liverpool Express. Retrieved 8 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Liverpool+Express&rft.atitle=Freedom+of+the+City+for+HMS+Prince+of+Wales&rft.date=2024-12-05&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fliverpoolexpress.co.uk%2Ffreedom-of-the-city-for-hms-prince-of-wales%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-534"><a href="#cite_ref-534">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://painrelieffoundation.org.uk/freedom-of-the-city/">"Freedom of the City"</a>. The Pain Relief Foundation. 28 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210828221752/https://painrelieffoundation.org.uk/freedom-of-the-city/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Pain+Relief+Foundation&rft.atitle=Freedom+of+the+City&rft.date=2021-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpainrelieffoundation.org.uk%2Ffreedom-of-the-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-535"><a href="#cite_ref-535">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrennan2014" class="citation web cs1">Brennan, Christopher (1 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/war-widows-association-given-freedom-8209139">"War Widows Association given Freedom of the City in honour from Lord Mayor"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515024434/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/war-widows-association-given-freedom-8209139">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 23 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=War+Widows+Association+given+Freedom+of+the+City+in+honour+from+Lord+Mayor&rft.date=2014-12-01&rft.aulast=Brennan&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2Fwar-widows-association-given-freedom-8209139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-536"><a href="#cite_ref-536">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2016" class="citation web cs1">Thomas, Joe (5 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/homeless-charity-whitechapel-centre-handed-11980623">"Homeless charity the Whitechapel Centre handed Freedom of the City"</a>. Liverpool Echo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515192700/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/homeless-charity-whitechapel-centre-handed-11980623">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Liverpool+Echo&rft.atitle=Homeless+charity+the+Whitechapel+Centre+handed+Freedom+of+the+City&rft.date=2016-10-05&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2Fhomeless-charity-whitechapel-centre-handed-11980623&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-537"><a href="#cite_ref-537">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109000709/https://theguideliverpool.com/liverpools-parachute-regimental-association-will-receive-the-freedom-of-the-city-this-weekend/">"Liverpool's Parachute Regimental Association will receive the Freedom of the City this weekend"</a>. The Guide Liverpool. 22 October 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theguideliverpool.com/liverpools-parachute-regimental-association-will-receive-the-freedom-of-the-city-this-weekend/">the original</a> on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guide+Liverpool&rft.atitle=Liverpool%27s+Parachute+Regimental+Association+will+receive+the+Freedom+of+the+City+this+weekend&rft.date=2021-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheguideliverpool.com%2Fliverpools-parachute-regimental-association-will-receive-the-freedom-of-the-city-this-weekend%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-538"><a href="#cite_ref-538">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211221193921/https://theguideliverpool.com/liverpools-royal-signals-association-will-receive-the-freedom-of-the-city-this-weekend/">"Liverpool's Royal Signals Association will receive the Freedom of the City this weekend"</a>. The Guide Liverpool. 26 November 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theguideliverpool.com/liverpools-royal-signals-association-will-receive-the-freedom-of-the-city-this-weekend/">the original</a> on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 21 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guide+Liverpool&rft.atitle=Liverpool%27s+Royal+Signals+Association+will+receive+the+Freedom+of+the+City+this+weekend&rft.date=2021-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheguideliverpool.com%2Fliverpools-royal-signals-association-will-receive-the-freedom-of-the-city-this-weekend%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes1999" class="citation book cs1">Hughes, Quentin (1999). Liverpool: City of Architecture. <a href="/wiki/Bluecoat_Press" title="Bluecoat Press">Bluecoat Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-872568-21-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-872568-21-8"><bdi>978-1-872568-21-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liverpool%3A+City+of+Architecture&rft.pub=Bluecoat+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-872568-21-8&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Quentin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiverpool_City_Council2005" class="citation book cs1">Liverpool City Council (2005). Maritime Mercantile City: Liverpool. <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_University_Press" title="Liverpool University Press">Liverpool University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84631-006-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84631-006-5"><bdi>978-1-84631-006-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maritime+Mercantile+City%3A+Liverpool&rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-84631-006-5&rft.au=Liverpool+City+Council&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoscardini2008" class="citation book cs1">Moscardini, Anthony (2008). Liverpool City Centre: Architecture and Heritage. <a href="/wiki/Bluecoat_Press" title="Bluecoat Press">Bluecoat Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904438-64-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904438-64-9"><bdi>978-1-904438-64-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liverpool+City+Centre%3A+Architecture+and+Heritage&rft.pub=Bluecoat+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-904438-64-9&rft.aulast=Moscardini&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholls2005" class="citation book cs1">Nicholls, Robert (2005). Curiosities of Merseyside. <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutton Publishing">Sutton Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-3984-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-3984-3"><bdi>978-0-7509-3984-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Curiosities+of+Merseyside&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7509-3984-3&rft.aulast=Nicholls&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharples2004" class="citation book cs1">Sharples, Joseph (2004). Pevsner Architectural Guides: Liverpool. <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10258-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10258-1"><bdi>978-0-300-10258-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pevsner+Architectural+Guides%3A+Liverpool&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-300-10258-1&rft.aulast=Sharples&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurke1910" class="citation book cs1">Burke, Tom (1910). <a href="/wiki/Catholic_History_of_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic History of Liverpool">Catholic History of Liverpool</a>. Clack Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1408642504" title="Special:BookSources/978-1408642504"><bdi>978-1408642504</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholic+History+of+Liverpool&rft.pub=Clack+Press&rft.date=1910&rft.isbn=978-1408642504&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiverpool" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/liverpool00scot#page/n7/mode/2up">Liverpool</a>, Dixon Scott, 1907</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofliverpo00muiruoft#page/n9/mode/2up">A History of Liverpool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_Muir" title="Ramsay Muir">Ramsay Muir</a>, 1907</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/bygoneliverpool00muiruoft#page/n9/mode/2up">Bygone Liverpool</a>, Ramsay Muir, 1913</li> <li>Bygone Liverpool, David Clensy, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4357-0897-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4357-0897-6">978-1-4357-0897-6</a></li> <li>Liverpool 800, John Belchem, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84631-035-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84631-035-5">978-1-84631-035-5</a></li> <li>Beatle Pete, Time Traveller, Mallory Curley, 2005.</li> <li>Chinese Liverpudlians, Maria Lin Wong, 1989. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-871201-03-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-871201-03-1">978-1-871201-03-1</a></li> <li>Writing Liverpool: Essays and Interviews, edited by Michael Murphy and Rees Jones, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84631-073-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84631-073-7">978-1-84631-073-7</a></li> <li>Jenkinson, Jacqueline, Black 1919: Riots, Racism and Resistance in Imperial Britain (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2009)</li> <li>May, Roy and Cohen, Robin, 'The Interaction between Race and Colonialism: A Case Study of the Liverpool Race Riots of 1919', Race and Class XVI.2 (1974), pp. 111–26</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Liverpool" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Liverpool">Liverpool</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text 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buildings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Liverpool" title="Category:Companies based in Liverpool">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Council" title="Liverpool City Council">Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Liverpool" title="Culture of Liverpool">Culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Liverpool" title="Music of Liverpool">music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Liverpool" title="Demographics of Liverpool">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouse" title="Scouse">Dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Areas_of_Liverpool" title="Category:Areas of Liverpool">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Liverpool" title="Economy of Liverpool">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Liverpool" title="Category:Education in Liverpool">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Liverpool" title="List of schools in Liverpool">schools</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Council_elections" title="Liverpool City Council elections">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merseyside_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Health_in_Liverpool" title="Category:Health in Liverpool">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_West_Ambulance_Service" title="North West Ambulance Service">Ambulance Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals_in_Liverpool" title="Category:Hospitals in Liverpool">hospitals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Liverpool" title="History of Liverpool">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_housing_in_Liverpool" title="History of housing in Liverpool">housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Liverpool" title="Timeline of Liverpool">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Landmarks">Landmarks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Maritime_Mercantile_City" title="Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City">Maritime Mercantile City</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_Liverpool" title="Lord Mayor of Liverpool">Lord Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directly_elected_mayor_of_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="Directly elected mayor of Liverpool">Mayor</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Media">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_and_television_shows_set_in_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="List of films and television shows set in Liverpool">film and television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_Liverpool" title="Parks and open spaces in Liverpool">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Merseyside" title="List of people from Merseyside">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merseyside_Police" title="Merseyside Police">Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merseyside_Police#Air_Support_Group" title="Merseyside Police">Air Support Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Liverpool_Police" title="Port of Liverpool Police">Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersey_Tunnels_Police" title="Mersey Tunnels Police">Tunnels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Liverpool" title="Port of Liverpool">Port</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Liverpool_Docks" title="List of Liverpool Docks">Docks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Liverpool" title="List of public art in Liverpool">Public art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Liverpool#Religion" title="Demographics of Liverpool">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Liverpool" title="Archbishop of Liverpool">Archbishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Liverpool" title="Bishop of Liverpool">Bishop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Liverpool#Retail" title="Economy of Liverpool">Retail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Liverpool" title="Category:Sport in Liverpool">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Liverpool" title="Transport in Liverpool">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Council#Council_Wards" title="Liverpool City Council">Wards</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Liverpool_Waterfront_Sunrise.jpg/150px-Liverpool_Waterfront_Sunrise.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Liverpool_Waterfront_Sunrise.jpg/225px-Liverpool_Waterfront_Sunrise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Liverpool_Waterfront_Sunrise.jpg/300px-Liverpool_Waterfront_Sunrise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="535" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">City of Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Districts_and_Wards_of_the_City_of_Liverpool85" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liverpool" title="Template:Liverpool"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liverpool" title="Template talk:Liverpool"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liverpool" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liverpool"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Districts_and_Wards_of_the_City_of_Liverpool85" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Districts and Wards of the City of Liverpool</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aigburth" title="Aigburth">Aigburth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allerton,_Liverpool" title="Allerton, Liverpool">Allerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anfield_(suburb)" title="Anfield (suburb)">Anfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belle_Vale,_Liverpool" title="Belle Vale, Liverpool">Belle Vale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadgreen" title="Broadgreen">Broadgreen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canning,_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="Canning, Liverpool">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childwall" title="Childwall">Childwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Liverpool" title="Chinatown, Liverpool">Chinatown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_city_centre" title="Liverpool city centre">City Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clubmoor" title="Clubmoor">Clubmoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croxteth" title="Croxteth">Croxteth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingle,_Liverpool" title="Dingle, Liverpool">Dingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dovecot,_Liverpool" title="Dovecot, Liverpool">Dovecot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edge_Hill,_Liverpool" title="Edge Hill, Liverpool">Edge Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everton,_Liverpool" title="Everton, Liverpool">Everton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_Liverpool" title="Fairfield, Liverpool">Fairfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazakerley" title="Fazakerley">Fazakerley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garston,_Liverpool" title="Garston, Liverpool">Garston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateacre" title="Gateacre">Gateacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillmoss" title="Gillmoss">Gillmoss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassendale" title="Grassendale">Grassendale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt%27s_Cross" title="Hunt's Cross">Hunt's Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington,_Liverpool" title="Kensington, Liverpool">Kensington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkdale,_Liverpool" title="Kirkdale, Liverpool">Kirkdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knotty_Ash" title="Knotty Ash">Knotty Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossley_Hill" title="Mossley Hill">Mossley Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherley,_Liverpool" title="Netherley, Liverpool">Netherley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norris_Green" title="Norris Green">Norris Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oglet" title="Oglet">Oglet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Swan" title="Old Swan">Old Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orrell_Park" title="Orrell Park">Orrell Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefton_Park_(district)" title="Sefton Park (district)">Sefton Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Hamlet" title="St Michael's Hamlet">St Michael's Hamlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speke" title="Speke">Speke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoneycroft" title="Stoneycroft">Stoneycroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxteth" title="Toxteth">Toxteth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuebrook" title="Tuebrook">Tuebrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall,_Liverpool" title="Vauxhall, Liverpool">Vauxhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walton,_Liverpool" title="Walton, Liverpool">Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavertree" title="Wavertree">Wavertree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Derby" title="West Derby">West Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolton" title="Woolton">Woolton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aigburth_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Aigburth (Liverpool ward)">Aigburth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allerton_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Allerton (Liverpool ward)">Allerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anfield_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Anfield (Liverpool ward)">Anfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arundel_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Arundel (Liverpool ward)">Arundel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belle_Vale_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Belle Vale (Liverpool ward)">Belle Vale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadgreen_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Broadgreen (Liverpool ward)">Broadgreen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownlow_Hill_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Brownlow Hill (Liverpool ward)">Brownlow Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calderstones_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Calderstones (Liverpool ward)">Calderstones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canning_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Canning (Liverpool ward)">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childwall_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Childwall (Liverpool ward)">Childwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Church (Liverpool ward)">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Centre_North_(Liverpool_ward)" title="City Centre North (Liverpool ward)">City Centre North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Centre_South_(Liverpool_ward)" title="City Centre South (Liverpool ward)">City Centre South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clubmoor_East_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Clubmoor East (Liverpool ward)">Clubmoor East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clubmoor_West_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Clubmoor West (Liverpool ward)">Clubmoor West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_(Liverpool_ward)" title="County (Liverpool ward)">County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croxteth_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Croxteth (Liverpool ward)">Croxteth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croxteth_Country_Park_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Croxteth Country Park (Liverpool ward)">Croxteth Country Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingle_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Dingle (Liverpool ward)">Dingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edge_Hill_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Edge Hill (Liverpool ward)">Edge Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everton_East_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Everton East (Liverpool ward)">Everton East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everton_North_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Everton North (Liverpool ward)">Everton North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everton_West_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Everton West (Liverpool ward)">Everton West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazakerley_East_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Fazakerley East (Liverpool ward)">Fazakerley East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazakerley_North_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Fazakerley North (Liverpool ward)">Fazakerley North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazakerley_West_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Fazakerley West (Liverpool ward)">Fazakerley West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Gardens_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Festival Gardens (Liverpool ward)">Festival Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garston_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Garston (Liverpool ward)">Garston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateacre_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Gateacre (Liverpool ward)">Gateacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassendale_and_Cressington_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Grassendale and Cressington (Liverpool ward)">Grassendale & Cressington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenbank_Park_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Greenbank Park (Liverpool ward)">Greenbank Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_and_Fairfield_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Kensington and Fairfield (Liverpool ward)">Kensington and Fairfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkdale_East_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Kirkdale East (Liverpool ward)">Kirkdale East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkdale_West_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Kirkdale West (Liverpool ward)">Kirkdale West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knotty_Ash_%26_Dovecot_Park_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Knotty Ash & Dovecot Park (Liverpool ward)">Knotty Ash & Dovecot Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossley_Hill_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Mossley Hill (Liverpool ward)">Mossley Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Much_Woolton_%26_Hunts_Cross_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Much Woolton & Hunts Cross (Liverpool ward)">Much Woolton & Hunts Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norris_Green_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Norris Green (Liverpool ward)">Norris Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Swan_East_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Old Swan East (Liverpool ward)">Old Swan East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Swan_West_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Old Swan West (Liverpool ward)">Old Swan West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orrell_Park_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Orrell Park (Liverpool ward)">Orrell Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Lane_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Penny Lane (Liverpool ward)">Penny Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princes_Park_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Princes Park (Liverpool ward)">Princes Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandfield_Park_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Sandfield Park (Liverpool ward)">Sandfield Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefton_Park_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Sefton Park (Liverpool ward)">Sefton Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithdown_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Smithdown (Liverpool ward)">Smithdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speke_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Speke (Liverpool ward)">Speke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springwood_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Springwood (Liverpool ward)">Springwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_(Liverpool_ward)" title="St Michael's (Liverpool ward)">St Michaels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoneycroft_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Stoneycroft (Liverpool ward)">Stoneycroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxteth_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Toxteth (Liverpool ward)">Toxteth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuebrook_Breckside_Park_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Tuebrook Breckside Park (Liverpool ward)">Tuebrook Breckside Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuebrook_Larkhill_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Tuebrook Larkhill (Liverpool ward)">Tuebrook Larkhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Vauxhall (Liverpool ward)">Vauxhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walton_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Walton (Liverpool ward)">Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfront_North_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Waterfront North (Liverpool ward)">Waterfront North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfront_South_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Waterfront South (Liverpool ward)">Waterfront South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavertree_Garden_Suburb_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Wavertree Garden Suburb (Liverpool ward)">Wavertree Garden Suburb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavertree_Village_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Wavertree Village (Liverpool ward)">Wavertree Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Derby_Deysbrook_(Liverpool_ward)" title="West Derby Deysbrook (Liverpool ward)">West Derby Deysbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Derby_Leyfield_(Liverpool_ward)" title="West Derby Leyfield (Liverpool ward)">West Derby Leyfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Derby_Muirhead_(Liverpool_ward)" title="West Derby Muirhead (Liverpool ward)">West Derby Muirhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolton_Village_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Woolton Village (Liverpool ward)">Woolton Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yew_Tree_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Yew Tree (Liverpool ward)">Yew Tree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct wards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abercromby_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Abercromby (Liverpool ward)">Abercromby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allerton_and_Hunts_Cross_(ward)" class="mw-redirect" title="Allerton and Hunts Cross (ward)">Allerton and Hunt's Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allerton,_Childwall_and_Little_Woolton_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allerton, Childwall and Little Woolton (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">Allerton, Childwall and Little Woolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breckfield_(ward)" title="Breckfield (ward)">Breckfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunswick_(Liverpool_ward)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunswick (Liverpool ward)">Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Street_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Castle Street (Liverpool ward)">Castle Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Central (Liverpool ward)">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central,_Everton,_Netherfield_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central, Everton, Netherfield (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">Central, Everton, Netherfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clubmoor_(ward)" title="Clubmoor (ward)">Clubmoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cressington_(ward)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cressington (ward)">Cressington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dovecot_(Liverpool_ward)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dovecot (Liverpool ward)">Dovecot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everton_(ward)" title="Everton (ward)">Everton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exchange_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exchange (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield_(Liverpool_ward)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairfield (Liverpool ward)">Fairfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazakerley_(ward)" title="Fazakerley (ward)">Fazakerley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillmoss_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Gillmoss (Liverpool ward)">Gillmoss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granby_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Granby (Liverpool ward)">Granby</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Granby,_Princes_Park_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Granby, Princes Park (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">Granby, Princes Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassendale_(Liverpool_ward)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grassendale (Liverpool ward)">Grassendale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_George_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Great George (Liverpool ward)">Great George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenbank_(ward)" title="Greenbank (ward)">Greenbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_(Liverpool_ward)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kensington (Liverpool ward)">Kensington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkdale_(ward)" title="Kirkdale (ward)">Kirkdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knotty_Ash_(ward)" title="Knotty Ash (ward)">Knotty Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lime_Street_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lime Street (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">Lime Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Little_Woolton_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Little Woolton (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">Little Woolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Hill_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Low Hill (Liverpool ward)">Low Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low_Hill,_Smithdown_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Low Hill, Smithdown (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">Low Hill, Smithdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melrose_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Melrose (Liverpool ward)">Melrose</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melrose,_Westminster_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melrose, Westminster (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">Melrose, Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Much_Woolton_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Much Woolton (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">Much Woolton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netherfield_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Netherfield (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">Netherfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherley_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Netherley (Liverpool ward)">Netherley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Scotland_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Scotland (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">North Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Toxteth_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Toxteth (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">North Toxteth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Walton_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Walton (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">North Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Swan_(ward)" title="Old Swan (ward)">Old Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picton_(ward)" title="Picton (ward)">Picton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirrie_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Pirrie (Liverpool ward)">Pirrie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitt_Street_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pitt Street (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">Pitt Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Riverside (Liverpool ward)">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodney_Street_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodney Street (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">Rodney Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Anne_Street_(Liverpool_ward)" title="St. Anne Street (Liverpool ward)">St. Anne Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Domingo_(Liverpool_ward)" title="St. Domingo (Liverpool ward)">St. Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._James%27_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. James' (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">St. James'</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Mary%27s_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Mary's (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">St. Mary's</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Paul%27s_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Paul's (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">St. Paul's</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Peter's (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">St. Peter's</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandhills_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandhills (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">Sandhills</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotland_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scotland (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefton_Park_East_(Liverpool_ward)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sefton Park East (Liverpool ward)">Sefton Park East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefton_Park_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Sefton Park (Liverpool ward)">Sefton Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Scotland_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Scotland (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">South Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Toxteth_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Toxteth (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">South Toxteth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Walton_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Walton (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">South Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speke-Garston_(ward)" title="Speke-Garston (ward)">Speke-Garston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuebrook_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Tuebrook (Liverpool ward)">Tuebrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuebrook_and_Stoneycroft_(ward)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuebrook and Stoneycroft (ward)">Tuebrook and Stoneycroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Valley (Liverpool ward)">Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warbreck_(ward)" title="Warbreck (ward)">Warbreck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavertree_(ward)" title="Wavertree (ward)">Wavertree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Derby_(ward)" title="West Derby (ward)">West Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_(Liverpool_ward)" title="Westminster (Liverpool ward)">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolton_(ward)" title="Woolton (ward)">Woolton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woolton_East_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Woolton East (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">Woolton East</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woolton_West_(Liverpool_ward)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Woolton West (Liverpool ward) (page does not exist)">Woolton West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Merseyside&#124;link=Merseyside_Ceremonial_county_of_Merseyside392" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Merseyside" title="Template:Merseyside"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Merseyside" title="Template talk:Merseyside"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Merseyside" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Merseyside"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Merseyside&#124;link=Merseyside_Ceremonial_county_of_Merseyside392" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside"><img alt="Merseyside" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/County_Flag_of_Merseyside.svg/23px-County_Flag_of_Merseyside.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/County_Flag_of_Merseyside.svg/35px-County_Flag_of_Merseyside.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/County_Flag_of_Merseyside.svg/46px-County_Flag_of_Merseyside.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a> of <a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metropolitan districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">City of Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Knowsley" title="Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley">Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_St_Helens" title="Metropolitan Borough of St Helens">Metropolitan Borough of St Helens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Sefton" title="Metropolitan Borough of Sefton">Metropolitan Borough of Sefton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Wirral" title="Metropolitan Borough of Wirral">Metropolitan Borough of Wirral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements (cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bebington" title="Bebington">Bebington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birkenhead" title="Birkenhead">Birkenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bootle" title="Bootle">Bootle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromborough" title="Bromborough">Bromborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosby,_Merseyside" title="Crosby, Merseyside">Crosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earlestown" title="Earlestown">Earlestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastham,_Merseyside" title="Eastham, Merseyside">Eastham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formby" title="Formby">Formby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greasby" title="Greasby">Greasby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halewood" title="Halewood">Halewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halsnead_Garden_Village" title="Halsnead Garden Village">Halsnead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haydock" title="Haydock">Haydock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heswall" title="Heswall">Heswall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoylake" title="Hoylake">Hoylake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huyton" title="Huyton">Huyton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkby" title="Kirkby">Kirkby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litherland" title="Litherland">Litherland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghull" title="Maghull">Maghull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moreton,_Merseyside" title="Moreton, Merseyside">Moreton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Ferry" title="New Ferry">New Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton-le-Willows" title="Newton-le-Willows">Newton-le-Willows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prescot" title="Prescot">Prescot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainhill" title="Rainhill">Rainhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaforth,_Merseyside" title="Seaforth, Merseyside">Seaforth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockbridge_Village" title="Stockbridge Village">Stockbridge Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Helens,_Merseyside" title="St Helens, Merseyside">St Helens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southport" title="Southport">Southport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upton,_Merseyside" title="Upton, Merseyside">Upton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallasey" title="Wallasey">Wallasey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Kirby" title="West Kirby">West Kirby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiston,_Merseyside" title="Whiston, Merseyside">Whiston</a> See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Merseyside" class="mw-redirect" title="List of civil parishes in Merseyside">List of civil parishes in Merseyside</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Alt" title="River Alt">Alt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Mersey" title="River Mersey">Mersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dee_Estuary" title="Dee Estuary">Dee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Merseyside" title="List of people from Merseyside">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_settlements_in_Merseyside_by_population" title="List of settlements in Merseyside by population">Population of major settlements (with links)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Merseyside" title="List of places in Merseyside">All places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Merseyside" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in Merseyside">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Merseyside" title="List of schools in Merseyside">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Merseyside" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Merseyside">SSSIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commemorative_plaques_in_Merseyside" title="List of commemorative plaques in Merseyside">Commemorative plaques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Country_houses_in_Merseyside" title="Category:Country houses in Merseyside">Country houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Merseyside" title="Grade I listed buildings in Merseyside">Grade I listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Merseyside" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Merseyside">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monuments_in_Merseyside" title="Scheduled monuments in Merseyside">Scheduled monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Merseyside" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Merseyside">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Merseyside" title="List of museums in Merseyside">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Merseyside" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Lieutenant of Merseyside">Lord Lieutenants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Merseyside" title="High Sheriff of Merseyside">High Sheriffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Merseyside" title="List of football clubs in Merseyside">Football clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aintree_Racecourse" title="Aintree Racecourse">Aintree Racecourse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Districts_of_North_West_England311" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NW_England" title="Template:NW England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NW_England" title="Template talk:NW England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NW_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NW England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Districts_of_North_West_England311" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Districts</a> of <a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_East" title="Cheshire East">Cheshire East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_West_and_Chester" title="Cheshire West and Chester">Cheshire West and Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Halton" title="Borough of Halton">Halton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Warrington" title="Borough of Warrington">Warrington</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:North_West_England_districts_2011_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/North_West_England_districts_2011_map.svg/75px-North_West_England_districts_2011_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/North_West_England_districts_2011_map.svg/113px-North_West_England_districts_2011_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/North_West_England_districts_2011_map.svg/150px-North_West_England_districts_2011_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="674" data-file-height="1345" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumberland (district)">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness" title="Westmorland and Furness">Westmorland and Furness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Bolton" title="Metropolitan Borough of Bolton">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Bury" title="Metropolitan Borough of Bury">Bury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Oldham" title="Metropolitan Borough of Oldham">Oldham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Rochdale" title="Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale">Rochdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Stockport" title="Metropolitan Borough of Stockport">Stockport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tameside" title="Tameside">Tameside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafford" title="Trafford">Trafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Wigan" title="Metropolitan Borough of Wigan">Wigan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_with_Darwen" title="Blackburn with Darwen">Blackburn with Darwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Blackpool" title="Borough of Blackpool">Blackpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Burnley" title="Borough of Burnley">Burnley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Chorley" title="Borough of Chorley">Chorley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Fylde" title="Borough of Fylde">Fylde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyndburn" title="Hyndburn">Hyndburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Lancaster" title="City of Lancaster">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Pendle" title="Borough of Pendle">Pendle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Preston,_Lancashire" title="City of Preston, Lancashire">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribble_Valley" title="Ribble Valley">Ribble Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Rossendale" title="Borough of Rossendale">Rossendale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ribble" title="South Ribble">South Ribble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Lancashire" title="West Lancashire">West Lancashire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Wyre" title="Borough of Wyre">Wyre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Knowsley" title="Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley">Knowsley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_St_Helens" title="Metropolitan Borough of St Helens">St Helens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Sefton" title="Metropolitan Borough of Sefton">Sefton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Wirral" title="Metropolitan Borough of Wirral">Wirral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_North_West_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_North_West_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_North_West_England.svg/48px-Flag_of_North_West_England.svg.png 1.5x, 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hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Core_Cities_Group" title="Template:Core Cities Group"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Core_Cities_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Core Cities Group (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Core_Cities_Group" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Core Cities Group"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Core_Cities_Group53" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Core_Cities_Group" title="Core Cities Group">Core Cities Group</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Cities_of_the_United_Kingdom_and_overseas_territories644" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UK_cities" title="Template:UK cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UK_cities" title="Template talk:UK cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UK_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UK cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Cities_of_the_United_Kingdom_and_overseas_territories644" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">Cities of the</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and overseas territories</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Bradford" title="City of Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Canterbury" title="City of Canterbury">Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Chelmsford" title="City of Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichester" title="Chichester">Chichester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchester" title="Colchester">Colchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Doncaster" title="City of Doncaster">Doncaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham,_England" title="Durham, England">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ely,_Cambridgeshire" title="Ely, Cambridgeshire">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucester" title="Gloucester">Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereford" title="Hereford">Hereford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Lancaster" title="City of Lancaster">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Leeds" title="City of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield">Lichfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_England" title="Lincoln, England">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Milton_Keynes" title="City of Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Peterborough" title="City of Peterborough">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Preston,_Lancashire" title="City of Preston, Lancashire">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripon" title="Ripon">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Albans_City_and_District" class="mw-redirect" title="St Albans City and District">St Albans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sheffield" title="City of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea" title="Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent" title="Stoke-on-Trent">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sunderland" title="City of Sunderland">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truro" title="Truro">Truro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Wakefield" title="City of Wakefield">Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells,_Somerset" title="Wells, Somerset">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Winchester" title="City of Winchester">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_England" title="Worcester, England">Worcester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York" title="City of York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunfermline" title="Dunfermline">Dunfermline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness">Inverness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth,_Scotland" title="Perth, Scotland">Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling" title="Stirling">Stirling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/46px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangor,_Gwynedd" title="Bangor, Gwynedd">Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Wales" title="Newport, Wales">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Asaph" title="St Asaph">St Asaph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Davids" title="St Davids">St Davids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea" title="Swansea">Swansea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrexham" title="Wrexham">Wrexham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armagh" title="Armagh">Armagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangor,_County_Down" title="Bangor, County Down">Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derry" title="Derry">Derry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisburn" title="Lisburn">Lisburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newry" title="Newry">Newry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory#United_Kingdom" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="British_overseas_cities27" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_overseas_cities" title="British overseas cities">British overseas cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Bermuda" title="Hamilton, Bermuda">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Saint_Helena" title="Jamestown, Saint Helena">Jamestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley,_Falkland_Islands" title="Stanley, Falkland Islands">Stanley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metropolitan_districts_of_England90" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metropolitan_districts_of_England" title="Template:Metropolitan districts of England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metropolitan_districts_of_England" title="Template talk:Metropolitan districts of England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan_districts_of_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan districts of England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metropolitan_districts_of_England90" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">Metropolitan districts of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Barnsley" title="Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley">Barnsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Bolton" title="Metropolitan Borough of Bolton">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Bradford" title="City of Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Bury" title="Metropolitan Borough of Bury">Bury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calderdale" title="Calderdale">Calderdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Coventry" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Coventry">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Doncaster" title="City of Doncaster">Doncaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Dudley" title="Metropolitan Borough of Dudley">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Gateshead" title="Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead">Gateshead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirklees" title="Kirklees">Kirklees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Knowsley" title="Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley">Knowsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Leeds" title="City of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Tyneside" title="North Tyneside">North Tyneside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Oldham" title="Metropolitan Borough of Oldham">Oldham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Rochdale" title="Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale">Rochdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Rotherham" title="Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham">Rotherham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwell" title="Sandwell">Sandwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Sefton" title="Metropolitan Borough of Sefton">Sefton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sheffield" title="City of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Solihull" title="Metropolitan Borough of Solihull">Solihull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Tyneside" title="South Tyneside">South Tyneside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_St_Helens" title="Metropolitan Borough of St Helens">St Helens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Stockport" title="Metropolitan Borough of Stockport">Stockport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sunderland" title="City of Sunderland">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tameside" title="Tameside">Tameside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafford" title="Trafford">Trafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Wakefield" title="City of Wakefield">Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Walsall" title="Metropolitan Borough of Walsall">Walsall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Wigan" title="Metropolitan Borough of Wigan">Wigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Wirral" title="Metropolitan Borough of Wirral">Wirral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:English_metropolitan_boroughs_map_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/English_metropolitan_boroughs_map_2021.svg/125px-English_metropolitan_boroughs_map_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/English_metropolitan_boroughs_map_2021.svg/188px-English_metropolitan_boroughs_map_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/English_metropolitan_boroughs_map_2021.svg/250px-English_metropolitan_boroughs_map_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Councils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnsley_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council">Barnsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_City_Council" title="Birmingham City Council">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolton_Council" title="Bolton Council">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Bradford_Metropolitan_District_Council" title="City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bury_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Bury Metropolitan Borough Council">Bury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calderdale_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council">Calderdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_City_Council" title="Coventry City Council">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doncaster_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Doncaster Council">Doncaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Gateshead Metropolitan Borough Council">Gateshead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirklees_Council" title="Kirklees Council">Kirklees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowsley_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Knowsley Metropolitan Borough Council">Knowsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_Council" title="Leeds City Council">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Council" title="Liverpool City Council">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_City_Council" title="Manchester City Council">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_City_Council" title="Newcastle City Council">Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Tyneside_Council" title="North Tyneside Council">North Tyneside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldham_Council" title="Oldham Council">Oldham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochdale_Borough_Council" title="Rochdale Borough Council">Rochdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotherham_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council">Rotherham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salford_City_Council" title="Salford City Council">Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwell_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council">Sandwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefton_Council" title="Sefton Council">Sefton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_City_Council" title="Sheffield City Council">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solihull_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council">Solihull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Tyneside_Council" title="South Tyneside Council">South Tyneside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Helens_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="St Helens Council">St Helens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockport_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council">Stockport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunderland_City_Council" title="Sunderland City Council">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tameside_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council">Tameside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafford_Council" title="Trafford Council">Trafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakefield_Council" title="Wakefield Council">Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walsall_Council" title="Walsall Council">Walsall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigan_Metropolitan_Borough_Council" title="Wigan Metropolitan Borough Council">Wigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wirral_Council" title="Wirral Council">Wirral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton_City_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolverhampton City Council">Wolverhampton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnsley_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Barnsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_City_Council_elections" title="Birmingham City Council elections">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolton_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Bradford_Metropolitan_District_Council_elections" title="City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council elections">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bury_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Bury Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Bury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calderdale_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Calderdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_City_Council_elections" title="Coventry City Council elections">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doncaster_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Doncaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Gateshead Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Gateshead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirklees_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Kirklees Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Kirklees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowsley_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Knowsley Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Knowsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_Council_elections" title="Leeds City Council elections">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Council_elections" title="Liverpool City Council elections">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_City_Council_elections" title="Manchester City Council elections">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_City_Council_elections" title="Newcastle City Council elections">Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Tyneside_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="North Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council elections">North Tyneside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldham_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Oldham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochdale_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Rochdale Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Rochdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotherham_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Rotherham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salford_City_Council_elections" title="Salford City Council elections">Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwell_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Sandwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefton_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Sefton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_City_Council_elections" title="Sheffield City Council elections">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solihull_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Solihull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Tyneside_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council elections">South Tyneside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Helens_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="St Helens Metropolitan Borough Council elections">St Helens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockport_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Stockport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunderland_City_Council_elections" title="Sunderland City Council elections">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tameside_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Tameside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafford_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Trafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakefield_Metropolitan_District_Council_elections" title="Wakefield Metropolitan District Council elections">Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walsall_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Walsall Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Walsall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigan_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Wigan Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Wigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wirral_Metropolitan_Borough_Council_elections" title="Wirral Metropolitan Borough Council elections">Wirral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton_City_Council_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolverhampton City Council elections">Wolverhampton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Capitals_of_Culture60" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Template:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Template talk:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Capitals_of_Culture60" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capitals of Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1985</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West</a> <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></dd> <dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg City</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Weimar" title="Weimar">Weimar</a></dd> <dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg City</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liverpool</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></dd> <dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Pécs</a></dd> <dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Guimarães">Guimarães</a></dd> <dt>2013</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Košice</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></dd> <dt>2014</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5" title="Umeå">Umeå</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></dd> <dt>2015</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mons,_Belgium" title="Mons, Belgium">Mons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plze%C5%88" title="Plzeň">Plzeň</a></dd> <dt>2016</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a></dd> <dt>2017</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paphos" title="Paphos">Paphos</a></dd> <dt>2018</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leeuwarden" title="Leeuwarden">Leeuwarden</a></dd> <dt>2019</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Matera" title="Matera">Matera</a></dd> <dt>2020-April 2021</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a></dd> <dt>2022</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Esch-sur-Alzette" title="Esch-sur-Alzette">Esch-sur-Alzette</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></dd> <dt>2023</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Veszpr%C3%A9m" title="Veszprém">Veszprém</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara">Timișoara</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elefsina" title="Elefsina">Elefsina</a></dd> <dt>2024</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bad_Ischl" title="Bad Ischl">Bad Ischl</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bod%C3%B8_(town)" title="Bodø (town)">Bodø</a></dd> <dt>2025</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nova_Gorica" title="Nova Gorica">Nova Gorica</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gorizia" title="Gorizia">Gorizia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a></dd> <dt>2026</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tren%C4%8D%C3%ADn" title="Trenčín">Trenčín</a></dd> <dt>2027</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liep%C4%81ja" title="Liepāja">Liepāja</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom293" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom293" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom">World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">England</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a> <ul><li>as part of <a href="/wiki/Great_Spa_Towns_of_Europe" title="Great Spa Towns of Europe">Great Spa Towns of Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blenheim_Palace" title="Blenheim Palace">Blenheim Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral" title="Canterbury Cathedral">Canterbury Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Augustine%27s_Abbey" title="St Augustine's Abbey">St Augustine's Abbey</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Martin%27s_Church,_Canterbury" title="St Martin's Church, Canterbury">St Martin's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_and_West_Devon_Mining_Landscape" title="Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape">Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derwent_Valley_Mills" title="Derwent Valley Mills">Derwent Valley Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_Castle" title="Durham Castle">Durham Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Durham_Cathedral" title="Durham Cathedral">Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limes_(Roman_Empire)" title="Limes (Roman Empire)">Frontiers of the Roman Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian's Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ironbridge_Gorge" title="Ironbridge Gorge">Ironbridge Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodrell_Bank_Observatory" title="Jodrell Bank Observatory">Jodrell Bank Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Coast" title="Jurassic Coast">Jurassic Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens">Kew Royal Botanic Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District">Lake District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Maritime Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> including <a href="/wiki/St_Margaret%27s,_Westminster" title="St Margaret's, Westminster">St Margaret's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltaire" title="Saltaire">Saltaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonehenge,_Avebury_and_Associated_Sites" title="Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites">Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studley_Royal_Park" title="Studley Royal Park">Studley Royal Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fountains_Abbey" title="Fountains Abbey">Fountains Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Stonehenge-Green.jpg/100px-Stonehenge-Green.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Stonehenge-Green.jpg/150px-Stonehenge-Green.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Stonehenge-Green.jpg/200px-Stonehenge-Green.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="355" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Scotland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town,_Edinburgh" title="Old Town, Edinburgh">Edinburgh Old Town</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Town,_Edinburgh" title="New Town, Edinburgh">New Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flow_Country" title="Flow Country">Flow Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forth_Bridge" title="Forth Bridge">Forth Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limes_(Roman_Empire)" title="Limes (Roman Empire)">Frontiers of the Roman Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonine_Wall" title="Antonine Wall">Antonine Wall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_Neolithic_Orkney" title="Heart of Neolithic Orkney">Heart of Neolithic Orkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Lanark" title="New Lanark">New Lanark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Scotland" title="St Kilda, Scotland">St Kilda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Wales" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaenavon_Industrial_Landscape" title="Blaenavon Industrial Landscape">Blaenavon Industrial Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castles_and_Town_Walls_of_King_Edward_in_Gwynedd" title="Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd">Castles and Town Walls of King Edward I in Gwynedd</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaumaris_Castle" title="Beaumaris Castle">Beaumaris Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caernarfon_Castle" title="Caernarfon Castle">Caernarfon Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caernarfon_town_walls" title="Caernarfon town walls">Town Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conwy_Castle" title="Conwy Castle">Conwy Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conwy_town_walls" title="Conwy town walls">Town Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlech_Castle" title="Harlech Castle">Harlech Castle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontcysyllte_Aqueduct" title="Pontcysyllte Aqueduct">Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slate_industry_in_Wales" title="Slate industry in Wales">The Slate Landscape of Northwest Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Ireland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant%27s_Causeway" title="Giant's Causeway">Giant's Causeway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British Overseas Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gorham%27s_Cave" title="Gorham's Cave">Gorham's Cave Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gough_Island" title="Gough Island">Gough Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inaccessible_Island" title="Inaccessible Island">Inaccessible Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson_Island_(Pitcairn_Islands)" title="Henderson Island (Pitcairn Islands)">Henderson Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George%27s,_Bermuda" title="St. George's, Bermuda">Town of St George and Related Fortifications</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Former_UNESCO_World_Heritage_Sites" title="Former UNESCO World Heritage Sites">Former</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Maritime_Mercantile_City" title="Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City">Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Buildings_and_structures_in_Liverpool,_England502" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Buildings_and_structures_in_Liverpool" title="Template:Buildings and structures in Liverpool"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Buildings_and_structures_in_Liverpool" title="Template talk:Buildings and structures in Liverpool"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Buildings_and_structures_in_Liverpool" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Buildings and structures in Liverpool"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Buildings_and_structures_in_Liverpool,_England502" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Buildings and structures in <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liverpool</a>, England</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Skyscrapers and highrises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Princes_Dock" title="1 Princes Dock">1 Princes Dock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Tower,_Liverpool" title="Alexandra Tower, Liverpool">Alexandra Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beetham_Tower,_Liverpool" title="Beetham Tower, Liverpool">Beetham Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lexington_(Liverpool)" title="The Lexington (Liverpool)">The Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Buildings,_Liverpool" title="Municipal Buildings, Liverpool">Municipal Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hall_Place" title="New Hall Place">New Hall Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Plaza,_Liverpool" title="The Plaza, Liverpool">The Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Liverpool_Building" title="Port of Liverpool Building">Port of Liverpool Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_%26_Echo_Building" title="Post & Echo Building">Post & Echo Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_City_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio City Tower">Radio City Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Liver_Building" title="Royal Liver Building">Royal Liver Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Buildings" title="Unity Buildings">Unity Commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Buildings" title="Unity Buildings">Unity Residential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Tower" title="West Tower">West Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:The_Three_Graces,_Liverpool_-_DSC00557.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/The_Three_Graces%2C_Liverpool_-_DSC00557.JPG/150px-The_Three_Graces%2C_Liverpool_-_DSC00557.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/The_Three_Graces%2C_Liverpool_-_DSC00557.JPG/225px-The_Three_Graces%2C_Liverpool_-_DSC00557.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/The_Three_Graces%2C_Liverpool_-_DSC00557.JPG/300px-The_Three_Graces%2C_Liverpool_-_DSC00557.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_Commercial_District.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Liverpool_Commercial_District.jpg/150px-Liverpool_Commercial_District.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Liverpool_Commercial_District.jpg/225px-Liverpool_Commercial_District.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Liverpool_Commercial_District.jpg/300px-Liverpool_Commercial_District.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_Anglican_Cathedral_North_elevation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Liverpool_Anglican_Cathedral_North_elevation.jpg/150px-Liverpool_Anglican_Cathedral_North_elevation.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Liverpool_Anglican_Cathedral_North_elevation.jpg/225px-Liverpool_Anglican_Cathedral_North_elevation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Liverpool_Anglican_Cathedral_North_elevation.jpg/300px-Liverpool_Anglican_Cathedral_North_elevation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1090" data-file-height="755" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral_at_dusk_new_version.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral_at_dusk_new_version.jpg/150px-Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral_at_dusk_new_version.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral_at_dusk_new_version.jpg/225px-Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral_at_dusk_new_version.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral_at_dusk_new_version.jpg/300px-Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral_at_dusk_new_version.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5141" data-file-height="3215" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable lowrises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Dock,_Liverpool" title="Royal Albert Dock, Liverpool">Albert Dock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Dock_Traffic_Office" title="Albert Dock Traffic Office">Traffic Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alder_Hey_Children%27s_Hospital" title="Alder Hey Children's Hospital">Alder Hey Children's Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thistle_Atlantic_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Thistle Atlantic Tower">Atlantic Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England_Building,_Liverpool" title="Bank of England Building, Liverpool">Bank of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluecoat_Chambers" title="Bluecoat Chambers">Bluecoat Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britannia_Adelphi_Hotel" title="Britannia Adelphi Hotel">Britannia Adelphi Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calderstones_House" title="Calderstones House">Calderstones House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Liverpool" title="Chinatown, Liverpool">Chinese Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Sessions_House,_Liverpool" title="County Sessions House, Liverpool">County Sessions House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowne_Plaza_Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport_Hotel" title="Crowne Plaza Liverpool John Lennon Airport Hotel">Crowne Plaza LJLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunard_Building" title="Cunard Building">Cunard Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Empire_Theatre" title="Liverpool Empire Theatre">Empire Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everton_Water_Tower" title="Everton Water Tower">Everton Water Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everyman_Theatre,_Liverpool" title="Everyman Theatre, Liverpool">Everyman Theatre, Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Hall" title="Grand Central Hall">Grand Central Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Western_Hotel,_Liverpool" title="North Western Hotel, Liverpool">Great North Western Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hargreaves_Building" title="Hargreaves Building">Hargreaves Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Homeopathic_Hospital" title="Liverpool Homeopathic Hospital">Homeopathic Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Buildings" title="India Buildings">India Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Slavery_Museum" title="International Slavery Museum">International Slavery Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Parsons_Building" title="James Parsons Building">James Parsons Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Central_Library" title="Liverpool Central Library">Liverpool Central Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Cotton_Exchange_Building" title="Liverpool Cotton Exchange Building">Liverpool Cotton Exchange Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Magistrates%27_Court" title="Liverpool Magistrates' Court">Liverpool Magistrates' Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Playhouse" title="Liverpool Playhouse">Liverpool Playhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Town_Hall" title="Liverpool Town Hall">Liverpool Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Women%27s_Hospital" title="Liverpool Women's Hospital">Liverpool Women's Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lyceum,_Liverpool" title="The Lyceum, Liverpool">The Lyceum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malmaison_Hotel,_Liverpool" title="Malmaison Hotel, Liverpool">Malmaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mann_Island_Buildings" title="Mann Island Buildings">Mann Island Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merseyside_Maritime_Museum" title="Merseyside Maritime Museum">Merseyside Maritime Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Liverpool" title="Museum of Liverpool">Museum of Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conservation_Centre" title="National Conservation Centre">National Conservation Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Park_West" title="One Park West">One Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oratory,_Liverpool" title="The Oratory, Liverpool">Oratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriel_Chambers" title="Oriel Chambers">Oriel Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philharmonic_Dining_Rooms" title="Philharmonic Dining Rooms">Philharmonic Dining Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philharmonic_Hall,_Liverpool" title="Philharmonic Hall, Liverpool">Philharmonic Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prudential_Assurance_Building,_Liverpool" title="Prudential Assurance Building, Liverpool">Prudential Assurance Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Law_Courts,_Liverpool" title="Queen Elizabeth II Law Courts, Liverpool">Queen Elizabeth II Law Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_Theatre,_Liverpool" title="Royal Court Theatre, Liverpool">Royal Court Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Insurance_Building,_Liverpool" title="Royal Insurance Building, Liverpool">Royal Insurance Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Liverpool_University_Hospital" title="Royal Liverpool University Hospital">Royal Liverpool University Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speke_Hall" title="Speke Hall">Speke Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Dock_Tobacco_Warehouse" title="Stanley Dock Tobacco Warehouse">Stanley Dock Tobacco Warehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Hall,_Liverpool" title="St George's Hall, Liverpool">St George's Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Liverpool" title="Tate Liverpool">Tate Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Buildings,_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="Tower Buildings, Liverpool">Tower Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Building,_University_of_Liverpool" title="Victoria Building, University of Liverpool">Victoria Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker_Art_Gallery" title="Walker Art Gallery">Walker Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_Liverpool" title="Wheel of Liverpool">Wheel of Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albion_House,_Liverpool" title="Albion House, Liverpool">White Star Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolton_Hall" title="Woolton Hall">Woolton Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Museum_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="World Museum Liverpool">World Museum Liverpool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places of worship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Church,_Childwall" title="All Saints' Church, Childwall">All Saints' Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Rahma_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Rahma Mosque">Al-Rahma Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_All_Hallows,_Allerton" title="Church of All Hallows, Allerton">Church of All Hallows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_and_Saint_Nicholas,_Liverpool" title="Church of Our Lady and Saint Nicholas, Liverpool">Church of Our Lady and Saint Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Agnes_and_St_Pancras,_Toxteth_Park" title="Church of St Agnes and St Pancras, Toxteth Park">Church of St Agnes and St Pancras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Clare,_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of St Clare, Liverpool">Church of St Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Church,_Liverpool" title="German Church, Liverpool">German Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_St_Nicholas,_Toxteth" title="Greek Orthodox Church of St Nicholas, Toxteth">Greek Orthodox Church of St Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Adolf_Church,_Liverpool" title="Gustav Adolf Church, Liverpool">Gustav Adolf Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Cathedral" title="Liverpool Cathedral">Liverpool Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral" title="Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral">Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Fishermans%27_Church,_Liverpool" title="Norwegian Fishermans' Church, Liverpool">Norwegian Fishermans' Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Christ_Church,_Waterloo" title="Old Christ Church, Waterloo">Old Christ Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oratory" class="mw-redirect" title="The Oratory">The Oratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princes_Road_Synagogue" title="Princes Road Synagogue">Princes Road Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Church,_Everton" title="St George's Church, Everton">St George's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist,_Liverpool" title="Church of Saint John the Baptist, Liverpool">Saint John the Baptist's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Luke,_Liverpool" title="Church of St Luke, Liverpool">St Luke's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Luke%27s_Church,_Walton" title="St Luke's Church, Walton">St Luke's Church, Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Church,_Aigburth" title="St Michael's Church, Aigburth">St Michael's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Church,_Woolton,_Liverpool" title="St Peter's Church, Woolton, Liverpool">St Peter's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxteth_Unitarian_Chapel" title="Toxteth Unitarian Chapel">Toxteth Unitarian Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ullet_Road_Unitarian_Church" title="Ullet Road Unitarian Church">Ullet Road Unitarian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Presbyterian_Church_(Liverpool)" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Presbyterian Church (Liverpool)">Welsh Presbyterian Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_James_Street_railway_station" title="Liverpool James Street railway station">James Street station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsway_Tunnel" title="Kingsway Tunnel">Kingsway Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Central_railway_station" title="Liverpool Central railway station">Liverpool Central station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Coach_Station" title="Liverpool Coach Station">Liverpool Coach Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport" title="Liverpool John Lennon Airport">Liverpool John Lennon Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Lime_Street_railway_station" title="Liverpool Lime Street railway station">Liverpool Lime Street station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_One_bus_station" title="Liverpool One bus station">Liverpool One bus station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_South_Parkway_railway_station" title="Liverpool South Parkway railway station">Liverpool South Parkway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersey_Railway" title="Mersey Railway">Mersey Railway Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorfields_railway_station" title="Moorfields railway station">Moorfields station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensway_Tunnel" title="Queensway Tunnel">Queensway Tunnel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shopping complexes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_Square_Shopping_Centre" title="Clayton Square Shopping Centre">Clayton Square Shopping Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis%27s_Building" title="Lewis's Building">Lewis's Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_One" title="Liverpool One">Liverpool ONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Shopping_Park" title="Liverpool Shopping Park">Liverpool Shopping Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metquarter" title="Metquarter">Metquarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mersey_Shopping_Park" title="New Mersey Shopping Park">New Mersey Shopping Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_Shopping_Centre,_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="St John's Shopping Centre, Liverpool">St Johns Shopping Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports venues and arenas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aigburth_Cricket_Ground,_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="Aigburth Cricket Ground, Liverpool">Aigburth Cricket Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anfield" title="Anfield">Anfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodison_Park" title="Goodison Park">Goodison Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Arena" title="Liverpool Arena">Liverpool Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O2_Academy_Liverpool" title="O2 Academy Liverpool">O2 Academy Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walton_Hall_Park_(stadium)" title="Walton Hall Park (stadium)">Walton Hall Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavertree_Athletics_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Wavertree Athletics Centre">Wavertree Athletics Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sculptures and monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Cenotaph" title="Liverpool Cenotaph">Liverpool Cenotaph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Monument,_Liverpool" title="Nelson Monument, Liverpool">Nelson Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steble_Fountain" title="Steble Fountain">Steble Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superlambanana" title="Superlambanana">Superlambanana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_the_Engine_Room_Heroes_of_the_Titanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorial to the Engine Room Heroes of the Titanic">Titanic Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Monument_(Liverpool)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria Monument (Liverpool)">Victoria Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington%27s_Column" title="Wellington's Column">Wellington's Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Submarine_(sculpture)" title="Yellow Submarine (sculpture)">Yellow Submarine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable demolished</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Childwall_Hall" title="Childwall Hall">Childwall Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concourse_House" title="Concourse House">Concourse House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custom_House,_Liverpool" title="Custom House, Liverpool">Custom House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Futurist_Cinema" title="The Futurist Cinema">The Futurist Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Castle" title="Liverpool Castle">Liverpool Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Central_High_Level_railway_station" title="Liverpool Central High Level railway station">Liverpool Central High Level railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Sailors%27_Home" title="Liverpool Sailors' Home">Liverpool Sailors' Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Overhead_Railway" title="Liverpool Overhead Railway">Liverpool Overhead Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octagon_Chapel,_Liverpool" title="Octagon Chapel, Liverpool">Octagon Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Church,_Liverpool" title="St Peter's Church, Liverpool">St Peter's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_Market" title="St John's Market">St John's Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walton_Hall,_Liverpool" title="Walton Hall, Liverpool">Walton Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Liverpool" title="List of public art in Liverpool">List of public art in Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_Liverpool" title="List of tallest buildings and structures in Liverpool">List of tallest buildings and structures in Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Liverpool" title="Listed buildings in Liverpool">Listed buildings in Liverpool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Liverpool" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Liverpool">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Buildings_in_Liverpool" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Buildings in Liverpool">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div 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0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/c249c30e-88ab-4b2f-a745-96a25bd7afee">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027485110">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10037015">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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[\"CITEREFLiverpool_City_Council2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLord_Cohen_of_Birkenhead1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMackenzie2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatilda2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcIntyre-BrownWoodland,_Guy2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKenna1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiles2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorgan2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoscardini2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNicholls2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOlufemi2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeltier1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPicton1875\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPower1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRand2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRavetz2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRead2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichards1953\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFS.L\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchofield2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharman2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharples2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStewart2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTopham2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWainwright2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWallington2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWellington_Ave1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWest\"] = 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[\"Webarchive\"] = 21,\n [\"Wikidatacoord\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikinews category\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikisource\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikivoyage\"] = 1,\n [\"World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom\"] = 1,\n [\"Ws\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"small\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","520","16.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","280","9.0"],["dataWrapper 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