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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Adverse effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adverse_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mechanism_of_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanism_of_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mechanism of action</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanism_of_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_mineralocorticoid_receptor_antagonists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_mineralocorticoid_receptor_antagonists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>List of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_mineralocorticoid_receptor_antagonists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pharmacokinetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharmacokinetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pharmacokinetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pharmacokinetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure-activity_relationship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure-activity_relationship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Structure-activity relationship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-activity_relationship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antialdosteronici" title="Antialdosteronici – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Antialdosteronici" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antagonis_reseptor_mineralokortikoid" title="Antagonis reseptor mineralokortikoid – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Antagonis reseptor mineralokortikoid" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%B1%E8%B3%AA%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%81%E3%82%B3%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%E5%8F%97%E5%AE%B9%E4%BD%93%E6%8B%AE%E6%8A%97%E8%96%AC" title="鉱質コルチコイド受容体拮抗薬 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="鉱質コルチコイド受容体拮抗薬" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blokery_receptora_aldosteronowego" title="Blokery receptora aldosteronowego – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Blokery receptora aldosteronowego" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antagonista_da_aldosterona" title="Antagonista da aldosterona – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Antagonista da aldosterona" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaviralci_aldosteronskih_receptorjev" title="Zaviralci aldosteronskih receptorjev – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zaviralci aldosteronskih receptorjev" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimineralokortikoid" title="Antimineralokortikoid – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Antimineralokortikoid" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimineralokortikoid" title="Antimineralokortikoid – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Antimineralokortikoid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" 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The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this revision, which may differ significantly from the <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralocorticoid_receptor_antagonist">current revision</a></span>.</b></p><div id="revision-info-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 09:36, 13 December 2023 by <a href="/wiki/User:CrafterNova" class="mw-userlink" title="User:CrafterNova" data-mw-revid="1189681643"><bdi>CrafterNova</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:CrafterNova" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:CrafterNova">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/CrafterNova" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/CrafterNova">contribs</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(renamed section <a href="/wiki/MOS:HEAD" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:HEAD">MOS:HEAD</a>)</span></div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineralocorticoid_receptor_antagonist&diff=prev&oldid=1189681643" title="Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineralocorticoid_receptor_antagonist&direction=prev&oldid=1189681643" title="Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist">← Previous revision</a> | <a href="/wiki/Mineralocorticoid_receptor_antagonist" title="Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist">Latest revision</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineralocorticoid_receptor_antagonist&diff=cur&oldid=1189681643" title="Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist">diff</a>) | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineralocorticoid_receptor_antagonist&direction=next&oldid=1189681643" title="Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist">Newer revision →</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineralocorticoid_receptor_antagonist&diff=next&oldid=1189681643" title="Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist">diff</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Drug class</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #ddbbee">Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Drug_class" title="Drug class">Drug class</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spironolactone.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Spironolactone.svg/250px-Spironolactone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Spironolactone.svg/375px-Spironolactone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Spironolactone.svg/500px-Spironolactone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1290" data-file-height="1090" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a>, the most widely used antimineralocorticoid.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #e8e8e8;">Class identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Synonym" title="Synonym">Synonyms</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Aldosterone antagonistic; Mineralocorticoid antagonist</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Use</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diuretic" title="Diuretic">Diuretic</a>; <a href="/wiki/Chronic_heart_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronic heart failure">Chronic heart failure</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">Hypertension</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hyperaldosteronism" title="Hyperaldosteronism">Hyperaldosteronism</a>; <a href="/wiki/Conn%27s_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Conn's syndrome">Conn's syndrome</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Biological_target" title="Biological target">Biological target</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mineralocorticoid_receptor" title="Mineralocorticoid receptor">Mineralocorticoid receptor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical classification">Chemical class</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Steroid" title="Steroid">Steroidal</a>; <a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal" title="Nonsteroidal">Nonsteroidal</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #e8e8e8;">Legal status</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background: #e8e8e8; text-align: center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3290587" class="extiw" title="d:Q3290587">In Wikidata</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist</b> (<b>MRA</b> or <b>MCRA</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>aldosterone antagonist</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Diuretic" title="Diuretic">diuretic</a> <a href="/wiki/Drug" title="Drug">drug</a> which <a href="/wiki/Receptor_antagonist" title="Receptor antagonist">antagonizes</a> the action of <a href="/wiki/Aldosterone" title="Aldosterone">aldosterone</a> at <a href="/wiki/Mineralocorticoid_receptor" title="Mineralocorticoid receptor">mineralocorticoid receptors</a>. This group of <a href="/wiki/Drug" title="Drug">drugs</a> is often used as adjunctive therapy, in combination with other drugs, for the management of <a href="/wiki/Chronic_heart_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronic heart failure">chronic heart failure</a>. <a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a>, the first member of the class, is also used in the management of <a href="/wiki/Hyperaldosteronism" title="Hyperaldosteronism">hyperaldosteronism</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Conn%27s_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Conn's syndrome">Conn's syndrome</a>) and female <a href="/wiki/Hirsutism" title="Hirsutism">hirsutism</a> (due to additional <a href="/wiki/Antiandrogen" title="Antiandrogen">antiandrogen</a> actions). Most antimineralocorticoids, including <a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">spironolactone</a>, are <a href="/wiki/Steroid" title="Steroid">steroidal</a> <a href="/wiki/Spirolactone" title="Spirolactone">spirolactones</a>. <a href="/wiki/Finerenone" title="Finerenone">Finerenone</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal" title="Nonsteroidal">nonsteroidal</a> antimineralocorticoid. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_uses">Medical uses</h2></div> <p>Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are <a href="/wiki/Diuretic" title="Diuretic">diuretic</a> drugs that work primarily on the <a href="/wiki/Kidneys" class="mw-redirect" title="Kidneys">kidneys</a>. They decrease <a href="/wiki/Renal_sodium_reabsorption" title="Renal sodium reabsorption">sodium reabsorption</a>, which leads to increased water <a href="/wiki/Excretion" title="Excretion">excretion</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Kidneys" class="mw-redirect" title="Kidneys">kidneys</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ClarkAldo_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClarkAldo-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By regulating water excretion, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists lower <a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">blood pressure</a> and reduce <a href="/wiki/Pericardial_effusion" title="Pericardial effusion">fluid around the heart</a> which can be very beneficial in some <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">cardiovascular conditions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have been used for many clinical conditions in the <a href="/wiki/Circulatory_system" title="Circulatory system">cardiovascular system</a>. It has proven beneficial for diseases like <a href="/wiki/Primary_aldosteronism" title="Primary aldosteronism">primary aldosteronism</a>, primary and resistant <a href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">hypertension</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heart_failure" title="Heart failure">heart failure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chronic_kidney_disease" title="Chronic kidney disease">chronic kidney disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ClarkAldo_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClarkAldo-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are often used with other medications, such as <a href="/wiki/ACE_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="ACE inhibitors">ACE inhibitors</a> or <a href="/wiki/Beta_blockers" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta blockers">beta blockers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MaronAldo_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MaronAldo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adverse_effects">Adverse effects</h2></div> <p>Increased urination is a commonly reported side effect, particularly during the initial phase following treatment initiation; this is mostly transient and tends to reduce with sustained treatment. Common side effects for antimineralocorticoid medications include nausea and vomiting, stomach cramps and diarrhoea.<sup id="cite_ref-MaronAldo_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MaronAldo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clinically significant <a href="/wiki/Hyperkalemia" title="Hyperkalemia">hyperkalemia</a> is possible, and warrants serum potassium monitoring on a periodic basis. The <a href="/wiki/Pathophysiology" title="Pathophysiology">pathophysiology</a> of hyperkalemia is that antimineralocorticoid medications reduce <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a> (K) <a href="/wiki/Excretion" title="Excretion">excretion</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mechanism_of_action">Mechanism of action</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antimineralocorticoid_mechanism_of_action.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Antimineralocorticoid_mechanism_of_action.png/476px-Antimineralocorticoid_mechanism_of_action.png" decoding="async" width="476" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Antimineralocorticoid_mechanism_of_action.png/714px-Antimineralocorticoid_mechanism_of_action.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Antimineralocorticoid_mechanism_of_action.png/952px-Antimineralocorticoid_mechanism_of_action.png 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption>Antimineralocorticoid mechanism of action</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Aldosterone" title="Aldosterone">Aldosterone</a> is a mineralocorticoid which is synthesized in the <a href="/wiki/Adrenal_gland" title="Adrenal gland">adrenal glands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NappiAldo_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NappiAldo-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/Aldosterone" title="Aldosterone">aldosterone</a> is secreted from the <a href="/wiki/Adrenal_gland" title="Adrenal gland">adrenal glands</a>, it binds to the mineralocorticoid receptor in the <a href="/wiki/Nephron#Renal_tubule" title="Nephron">renal tubule</a> cell and forms a complex.<sup id="cite_ref-FurmanAldo_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FurmanAldo-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This complex enhances <a href="/wiki/Transcription_(biology)" title="Transcription (biology)">transcription</a> of specific <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> segments in the <a href="/wiki/Cell_nucleus" title="Cell nucleus">nucleus</a>, leading to the formation of two <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> transporters, <a href="/wiki/Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase" class="mw-redirect" title="Na+/K+-ATPase">Na+/K+ ATPase</a> pump at the <a href="/wiki/Epithelial_polarity#Basolateral_membranes" title="Epithelial polarity">basolateral membrane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sodium_channel" title="Sodium channel">Na+ channel</a> called ENaC, located at the <a href="/wiki/Cell_membrane#Membrane_polarity" title="Cell membrane">apical membrane</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nephron#Renal_tubule" title="Nephron">renal tubule</a> cell.<sup id="cite_ref-FurmanAldo_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FurmanAldo-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> transporters increase <a href="/wiki/Renal_sodium_reabsorption" title="Renal sodium reabsorption">sodium reabsorption</a> and <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a> excretion in the <a href="/wiki/Distal_convoluted_tubule" title="Distal convoluted tubule">distal tubule</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Collecting_duct_system" title="Collecting duct system">collecting duct</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kidneys" class="mw-redirect" title="Kidneys">kidneys</a>. This helps the body to maintain normal volume and <a href="/wiki/Electrolyte#Physiological_importance" title="Electrolyte">electrolyte balance</a>, increasing the <a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">blood pressure</a>. </p><p>Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists decrease the <a href="/wiki/Aldosterone" title="Aldosterone">aldosterone</a> effect by binding to the mineralocorticoid receptor inhibiting <a href="/wiki/Aldosterone" title="Aldosterone">aldosterone</a>. This leads to higher levels of <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a> in serum and increased sodium excretion, resulting in decreased body fluid and lower <a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">blood pressure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NappiAldo_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NappiAldo-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_mineralocorticoid_receptor_antagonists">List of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists</h2></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Antimineralocorticoid </th> <th>Structure </th> <th>Formula </th> <th>Use </th> <th>Brand name </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a> </th> <td><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spironolactone.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Spironolactone.svg/120px-Spironolactone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Spironolactone.svg/180px-Spironolactone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Spironolactone.svg/240px-Spironolactone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1290" data-file-height="1090" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> </td> <td>C<sub>24</sub>H<sub>32</sub>O<sub>4</sub>S </td> <td>Heart failure, Hypertension, nephrotic syndrome, Ascites, antiandrogenic </td> <td>Aldactone, Spirix, Spiron </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Eplerenone" title="Eplerenone">Eplerenone</a> </th> <td><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eplerenone.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Eplerenone.svg/120px-Eplerenone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Eplerenone.svg/180px-Eplerenone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Eplerenone.svg/240px-Eplerenone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="417" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> </td> <td>C<sub>24</sub>H<sub>30</sub>O<sub>6</sub> </td> <td>Hypertension, Heart failure, Central Serous Retinopathy </td> <td>Inspra </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Canrenone" title="Canrenone">Canrenone</a> </th> <td><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canrenone.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Canrenone.svg/120px-Canrenone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Canrenone.svg/180px-Canrenone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Canrenone.svg/240px-Canrenone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="359" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> </td> <td>C<sub>22</sub>H<sub>28</sub>O<sub>3</sub> </td> <td>Diuretic </td> <td>Contaren, Luvion, Phanurane, Spiroletan </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Finerenone" title="Finerenone">Finerenone</a> </th> <td><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Finerenone.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Finerenone.svg/90px-Finerenone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Finerenone.svg/135px-Finerenone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Finerenone.svg/181px-Finerenone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="680" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> </td> <td>C<sub>21</sub>H<sub>22</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>3</sub> </td> <td>Potassium-sparing diuretic. </td> <td>Kerendia </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mexrenone" title="Mexrenone">Mexrenone</a> </th> <td><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mexrenone.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Mexrenone.svg/120px-Mexrenone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Mexrenone.svg/180px-Mexrenone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Mexrenone.svg/240px-Mexrenone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="416" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> </td> <td>C<sub>24</sub>H<sub>32</sub>O<sub>5</sub> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetics</h2></div> <p>When comparing the pharmacokinetic properties of <a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">spironolactone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eplerenone" title="Eplerenone">eplerenone</a>, it is clear that the two drugs differ. <a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a> has shorter <a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> (t1/2 = 1.3-1.4 hours) than <a href="/wiki/Eplerenone" title="Eplerenone">eplerenone</a> (t1/2 = 4–6 hours). <a href="/wiki/Eplerenone" title="Eplerenone">Eplerenone</a> goes through rapid <a href="/wiki/Drug_metabolism" title="Drug metabolism">metabolism</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a> to inactive <a href="/wiki/Metabolites" class="mw-redirect" title="Metabolites">metabolites</a> (t1/2 = 4–6 hours). However, <a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">spironolactone</a> is metabolized to three active <a href="/wiki/Metabolites" class="mw-redirect" title="Metabolites">metabolites</a>, which give it prolonged activity (13.8 – 16. 5 hours). <a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a> has a long <a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> and is <a href="/wiki/Excretion" title="Excretion">excreted</a> 47-51% through <a href="/wiki/Kidneys" class="mw-redirect" title="Kidneys">kidneys</a>. Patients with <a href="/wiki/Chronic_kidney_disease" title="Chronic kidney disease">chronic kidney disease</a> therefore require close monitoring when taking the drug. Spironolactone is also eliminated through <a href="/wiki/Feces" title="Feces">feces</a> (35-41%). The <a href="/wiki/Excretion" title="Excretion">excretion</a> of <a href="/wiki/Eplerenone" title="Eplerenone">eplerenone</a> is 67% through <a href="/wiki/Kidneys" class="mw-redirect" title="Kidneys">kidneys</a> and 32% through feces. The information about <a href="/wiki/Excretion" title="Excretion">excretion</a> plays a critical role when determining the appropriate doses for patients with renal and/or hepatic dysfunction. It is very important to adjust the doses for patients with <a href="/wiki/Renal_dysfunction" class="mw-redirect" title="Renal dysfunction">renal dysfunction</a> because if they fail to eliminate the drug through their <a href="/wiki/Kidneys" class="mw-redirect" title="Kidneys">kidneys</a> it could accumulate in the body, causing high concentration of <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a> in the blood.<sup id="cite_ref-NappiAldo_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NappiAldo-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure-activity_relationship">Structure-activity relationship</h2></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eplerenone" title="Eplerenone">Eplerenone</a> competitively block the binding of <a href="/wiki/Aldosterone" title="Aldosterone">aldosterone</a> to the mineralocorticoid receptor and hindering the <a href="/wiki/Reabsorption" title="Reabsorption">reabsorption</a> of sodium and chloride ions. The activity of mineralocorticoid antagonists is dependent on the presence of a y-lactone ring on the C-17 position. The C-7 position is also important for activity as <a href="/wiki/Substituents" class="mw-redirect" title="Substituents">substituents</a> there <a href="/wiki/Steric_effects#Steric_hindrance" title="Steric effects">sterically hinder</a> the interaction of C-7-unsubstituted <a href="/wiki/Agonists" class="mw-redirect" title="Agonists">agonists</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Aldosterone" title="Aldosterone">aldosterone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LemkeAldo_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LemkeAldo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Antimineralocorticoids01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Antimineralocorticoids01.jpg" decoding="async" width="550" height="196" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="196" /></a><figcaption>Antimineralocorticoids and highlighted groups that are important for activity. The y-lactone ring shown in red and the C-7 substituent in pink.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Eplerenone" title="Eplerenone">Eplerenone</a> is a newer drug that was developed as a <a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">spironolactone</a> <a href="/wiki/Structural_analog" title="Structural analog">analog</a> with reduced adverse effects. In addition to the y-lactone ring and the <a href="/wiki/Substituent" title="Substituent">substituent</a> on C-7, <a href="/wiki/Eplerenone" title="Eplerenone">eplerenone</a> has a 9α,11α-<a href="/wiki/Epoxide" title="Epoxide">epoxy group</a>. This group is believed to be the reason why <a href="/wiki/Eplerenone" title="Eplerenone">eplerenone</a> has a 20-40-fold lower affinity for the mineralocorticoid receptor than <a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">spironolactone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LemkeAldo_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LemkeAldo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the <a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal" title="Nonsteroidal">nonsteroidal</a> nature of <a href="/wiki/Finerenone" title="Finerenone">finerenone</a> which yields a different <a href="/wiki/Lipophilicity" title="Lipophilicity">lipophilicity</a> and polarity profile for this compound, <a href="/wiki/Finerenone" title="Finerenone">finerenone</a>'s affinity toward mineralocorticoid receptors is equal to that of <a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">spironolactone</a> and 500 times that of <a href="/wiki/Eplerenone" title="Eplerenone">eplerenone</a>, hinting that the <a href="/wiki/Steroidal" class="mw-redirect" title="Steroidal">steroidal</a> core component of most antimineralocorticoids is not essential for mineralocorticoid receptor affinity.<sup id="cite_ref-KolkhofAldo_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KolkhofAldo-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p>The main goal of the identification of the first aldosterone antagonists, which happened during the 1950s, was to identify inhibitors of <a href="/wiki/Aldosterone" title="Aldosterone">aldosterone</a> activity. In those times, the main use of <a href="/wiki/Aldosterone" title="Aldosterone">aldosterone</a> was recognized as the control of renal <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a> and the excretion of <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KolkhofAldo_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KolkhofAldo-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hans_Selye" title="Hans Selye">Hans Selye</a>, a Hungarian-Canadian endocrinologist, studied the effects of <a href="/wiki/Aldosterone" title="Aldosterone">aldosterone</a> antagonists on rats and found that the use of one of the first aldosterone antagonists, <a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">spironolactone</a>, protected them from aldosterone-induced cardiac <a href="/wiki/Necrosis" title="Necrosis">necrosis</a>. The same year, 1959, <a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">spironolactone</a> was launched as a <a href="/wiki/Potassium-sparing_diuretic" title="Potassium-sparing diuretic">potassium-sparing diuretic</a>. It became clear years later that <a href="/wiki/Aldosterone" title="Aldosterone">aldosterone</a> antagonists inhibit a specific <a href="/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)" title="Receptor (biochemistry)">receptor</a> protein. This protein has high affinity for <a href="/wiki/Aldosterone" title="Aldosterone">aldosterone</a> but also for <a href="/wiki/Cortisol" title="Cortisol">cortisol</a> in humans and <a href="/wiki/Corticosterone" title="Corticosterone">corticosterone</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mouse" title="Mouse">mice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rat" title="Rat">rats</a>. For this reason, aldosterone antagonists were called mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists.<sup id="cite_ref-KolkhofAldo_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KolkhofAldo-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There have been three major waves in the <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry" title="Pharmaceutical industry">pharmaceutical industry</a> when it comes to <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a> of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists: The first wave took place within <a href="/wiki/G.D._Searle,_LLC" title="G.D. Searle, LLC">Searle Laboratories</a>. This company identified, shortly after the purification of <a href="/wiki/Aldosterone" title="Aldosterone">aldosterone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steroid" title="Steroid">steroid</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">spironolactone</a> as the first anti-mineralocorticoid. The second wave was all about discovering much more specific <a href="/wiki/Steroidal" class="mw-redirect" title="Steroidal">steroidal</a> anti-mineralocorticoids. The main active companies were <a href="/wiki/G.D._Searle,_LLC" title="G.D. Searle, LLC">Searle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novartis#Ciba-Geigy" title="Novartis">Ciba-Geigy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roussel_Uclaf" title="Roussel Uclaf">Roussel Uclaf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schering_AG" title="Schering AG">Schering AG</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KolkhofAldo_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KolkhofAldo-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 50 years after <a href="/wiki/Hans_Selye" title="Hans Selye">Selye's</a> work, several pharmaceutical companies began <a href="/wiki/Drug_discovery" title="Drug discovery">drug discovery</a> programs. Their goal was to discover novel <a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal" title="Nonsteroidal">non-steroidal</a> mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists for use as <a href="/wiki/Efficacy#Pharmacology" title="Efficacy">efficacious</a> and safe drugs with the <a href="/wiki/Pharmacodynamics" title="Pharmacodynamics">pharmacodynamics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pharmacokinetics" title="Pharmacokinetics">pharmacokinetics</a> well defined. Their goal was to use these candidates for a broad spectrum of diseases. This was essentially the third wave. The first mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists were all discovered and identified by <a href="/wiki/In_vivo" title="In vivo">in vivo</a> experiments whereas the identification of novel <a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal" title="Nonsteroidal">non-steroidal</a> mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists were done with <a href="/wiki/High-throughput_screening" title="High-throughput screening">high-throughput screening</a> of millions of <a href="/wiki/Chemical_compound" title="Chemical compound">chemical compounds</a> in various pharmaceutical companies.<sup id="cite_ref-KolkhofAldo_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KolkhofAldo-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Potassium-sparing_diuretics2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Potassium-sparing_diuretics2.svg/180px-Potassium-sparing_diuretics2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="630" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Potassium-sparing_diuretics2.svg/270px-Potassium-sparing_diuretics2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Potassium-sparing_diuretics2.svg/360px-Potassium-sparing_diuretics2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="1791" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Skeletal_formula" title="Skeletal formula">Skeletal formulae</a> of aldosterone antagonists.</figcaption></figure> <p>Members of this class in clinical use include: </p> <ul><li>Widespread use <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a> — the first and most widely used member of this class</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eplerenone" title="Eplerenone">Eplerenone</a> — much more selective than spironolactone on target, but somewhat less potent and efficacious</li></ul></li> <li>Uncommon use (to date) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canrenone" title="Canrenone">Canrenone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Potassium_canrenoate" title="Potassium canrenoate">potassium canrenoate</a> — very limited use</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finerenone" title="Finerenone">Finerenone</a> — <a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal" title="Nonsteroidal">nonsteroidal</a> and more potent and selective than either eplerenone or spironolactone</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Some drugs also have antimineralocorticoid effects secondary to their main mechanism of actions. Examples include <a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">progesterone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drospirenone" title="Drospirenone">drospirenone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gestodene" title="Gestodene">gestodene</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Benidipine" title="Benidipine">benidipine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid20307534_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid20307534-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potassium-sparing_diuretic" title="Potassium-sparing diuretic">Potassium-sparing diuretic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineralocorticoid" title="Mineralocorticoid">Mineralocorticoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corticosteroid" title="Corticosteroid">Corticosteroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiglucocorticoid" title="Antiglucocorticoid">Antiglucocorticoid</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Krause/King-Lewis acronym, developed at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.med.navy.mil/sites/nmcsd/Pages/Care/Cardiology-Division.aspx">Naval Medical Center San Diego</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180713142321/https://www.med.navy.mil/sites/nmcsd/Pages/Care/Cardiology-Division.aspx">Archived</a> 2018-07-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, of MCRA was developed during February 2017 to distinguish between MRA for a specific MRI which are both widely recognized medical acronyms as compared to the use of MRA for mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist type medications which is only used as a medical acronym in the cardiology and nephrology word.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ClarkAldo-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ClarkAldo_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ClarkAldo_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFClark_IIIGuichardCalhounAhmed2013" class="citation journal cs1">Clark III, Donald; Guichard; Calhoun; Ahmed (June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3699348">"Aldosterone receptor antagonists: current perspectives and therapies"</a>. <i>Vascular Health and Risk Management</i>. <b>9</b>: 321–331. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2147%2FVHRM.S33759">10.2147/VHRM.S33759</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3699348">3699348</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23836977">23836977</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vascular+Health+and+Risk+Management&rft.atitle=Aldosterone+receptor+antagonists%3A+current+perspectives+and+therapies&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=321-331&rft.date=2013-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3699348%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23836977&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2147%2FVHRM.S33759&rft.aulast=Clark+III&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.au=Guichard&rft.au=Calhoun&rft.au=Ahmed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3699348&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMineralocorticoid+receptor+antagonist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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(23 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2828634">"Aldosterone Receptor Antagonists"</a>. <i>Circulation</i>. <b>121</b> (7): 934–939. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2FCIRCULATIONAHA.109.895235">10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.895235</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2828634">2828634</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20177008">20177008</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Circulation&rft.atitle=Aldosterone+Receptor+Antagonists&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=934-939&rft.date=2010-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2828634%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20177008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1161%2FCIRCULATIONAHA.109.895235&rft.aulast=Maron&rft.aufirst=Bradley+A.&rft.au=Leopold%2C+Jane+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2828634&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMineralocorticoid+receptor+antagonist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NappiAldo-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NappiAldo_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NappiAldo_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NappiAldo_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNappiSieg2011" class="citation journal cs1">Nappi, Jean; Sieg (June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3119593">"Aldosterone and aldosterone receptor antagonists in patients with chronic heart failure"</a>. <i>Vascular Health and Risk Management</i>. <b>7</b>: 353–363. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2147%2FVHRM.S13779">10.2147/VHRM.S13779</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3119593">3119593</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21731887">21731887</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vascular+Health+and+Risk+Management&rft.atitle=Aldosterone+and+aldosterone+receptor+antagonists+in+patients+with+chronic+heart+failure&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=353-363&rft.date=2011-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3119593%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21731887&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2147%2FVHRM.S13779&rft.aulast=Nappi&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.au=Sieg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3119593&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMineralocorticoid+receptor+antagonist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FurmanAldo-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FurmanAldo_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FurmanAldo_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFurman2017" class="citation book cs1">Furman, Brian L. (1 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128012383980127">"Mineralocorticoid Antagonists ☆"</a>. <i>Mineralocorticoid Antagonists</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-12-801238-3.98012-7">10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.98012-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780128012383" title="Special:BookSources/9780128012383"><bdi>9780128012383</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mineralocorticoid+Antagonists+%E2%98%86&rft.btitle=Mineralocorticoid+Antagonists&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-0-12-801238-3.98012-7&rft.isbn=9780128012383&rft.aulast=Furman&rft.aufirst=Brian+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9780128012383980127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMineralocorticoid+receptor+antagonist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LemkeAldo-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LemkeAldo_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LemkeAldo_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLemkeWilliamsRocheZito" class="citation book cs1">Lemke, Thomas L.; Williams, David A.; Roche, Victoria F.; Zito, S. 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"The L-, N-, and T-type triple calcium channel blocker benidipine acts as an antagonist of mineralocorticoid receptor, a member of nuclear receptor family". <i>Eur. J. Pharmacol</i>. <b>635</b> (1–3): 49–55. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ejphar.2010.03.018">10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.03.018</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20307534">20307534</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eur.+J.+Pharmacol.&rft.atitle=The+L-%2C+N-%2C+and+T-type+triple+calcium+channel+blocker+benidipine+acts+as+an+antagonist+of+mineralocorticoid+receptor%2C+a+member+of+nuclear+receptor+family&rft.volume=635&rft.issue=1%E2%80%933&rft.pages=49-55&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ejphar.2010.03.018&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20307534&rft.aulast=Kosaka&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=Hirayama%2C+K&rft.au=Yoda%2C+N&rft.au=Sasaki%2C+K&rft.au=Kitayama%2C+T&rft.au=Kusaka%2C+H&rft.au=Matsubara%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMineralocorticoid+receptor+antagonist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=Aldosterone+Antagonists">Aldosterone+Antagonists</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH list of agents</a> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=mesh&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=82000451">82000451</a></i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mineralocorticoids_and_antimineralocorticoids" title="Template talk:Mineralocorticoids and antimineralocorticoids"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mineralocorticoids_and_antimineralocorticoids" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mineralocorticoids and antimineralocorticoids"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mineralocorticoids_and_antimineralocorticoids_(H02)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mineralocorticoid" title="Mineralocorticoid">Mineralocorticoids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antimineralocorticoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimineralocorticoid">antimineralocorticoids</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_H02" title="ATC code H02">H02</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Mineralocorticoid" title="Mineralocorticoid">Mineralocorticoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deoxycortone" class="mw-redirect" title="Deoxycortone">Desoxycortone (desoxycorticosterone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Desoxycortone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Desoxycortone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocortisone" title="Hydrocortisone">Hydrocortisone (cortisol)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Hydrocortisone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Hydrocortisone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fludrocortisone" title="Fludrocortisone">Fludrocortisone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fludrocortisone_acetate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fludrocortisone acetate">Fludrocortisone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylprednisolone" title="Methylprednisolone">Methylprednisolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Methylprednisolone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Methylprednisolone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisolone" title="Prednisolone">Prednisolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Prednisolone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Prednisolone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisone" title="Prednisone">Prednisone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Prednisone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Prednisone esters</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Antimineralocorticoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimineralocorticoid">Antimineralocorticoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Steroidal:</i> <a href="/wiki/Potassium_canrenoate" title="Potassium canrenoate">Canrenoate potassium (potassium canrenoate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canrenone" title="Canrenone">Canrenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drospirenone" title="Drospirenone">Drospirenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dydrogesterone" title="Dydrogesterone">Dydrogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eplerenone" title="Eplerenone">Eplerenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestodene" title="Gestodene">Gestodene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medrogestone" title="Medrogestone">Medrogestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimegestone" title="Trimegestone">Trimegestone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Nonsteroidal:</i> <a href="/wiki/Amlodipine" title="Amlodipine">Amlodipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apararenone" title="Apararenone">Apararenone</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benidipine" title="Benidipine">Benidipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esaxerenone" title="Esaxerenone">Esaxerenone</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felodipine" title="Felodipine">Felodipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finerenone" title="Finerenone">Finerenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nifedipine" title="Nifedipine">Nifedipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimodipine" title="Nimodipine">Nimodipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrendipine" title="Nitrendipine">Nitrendipine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Steroidogenesis_inhibitor" title="Steroidogenesis inhibitor">Synthesis modifiers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetoxolone" title="Acetoxolone">Acetoxolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminoglutethimide" title="Aminoglutethimide">Aminoglutethimide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbenoxolone" title="Carbenoxolone">Carbenoxolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoxolone" title="Enoxolone">Enoxolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoconazole" title="Ketoconazole">Ketoconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metyrapone" title="Metyrapone">Metyrapone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitotane" title="Mitotane">Mitotane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilostane" title="Trilostane">Trilostane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Mineralocorticoid_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Mineralocorticoid receptor modulators">Mineralocorticoid receptor modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Glucocorticoids_and_antiglucocorticoids" title="Template:Glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids">Glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroids" title="List of corticosteroids">List of corticosteroids</a></dd></dl></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Diuretics_(C03)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Diuretics" title="Template:Diuretics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Diuretics" title="Template talk:Diuretics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Diuretics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Diuretics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Diuretics_(C03)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Diuretic" title="Diuretic">Diuretics</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_C03" title="ATC code C03">C03</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sulfonamide_(medicine)" title="Sulfonamide (medicine)">Sulfonamides</a><br />(and <a href="/wiki/Etacrynic_acid" title="Etacrynic acid">etacrynic acid</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carbonic_anhydrase_inhibitor" title="Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor">CA inhibitors</a> (at <a href="/wiki/Proximal_tubule" title="Proximal tubule">PT</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetazolamide" title="Acetazolamide">Acetazolamide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Loop_diuretic" title="Loop diuretic">Loop</a> (<a href="/wiki/Na-K-Cl_cotransporter" class="mw-redirect" title="Na-K-Cl cotransporter">Na-K-Cl</a> at <a href="/wiki/Thick_ascending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle" class="mw-redirect" title="Thick ascending limb of loop of Henle">AL</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Furosemide" title="Furosemide">Furosemide</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azosemide" title="Azosemide">Azosemide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumetanide" title="Bumetanide">Bumetanide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etacrynic_acid" title="Etacrynic acid">Etacrynic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etozolin" title="Etozolin">Etozolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indacrinone" title="Indacrinone">Indacrinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzolimine" title="Muzolimine">Muzolimine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozolinone" title="Ozolinone">Ozolinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piretanide" title="Piretanide">Piretanide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tienilic_acid" title="Tienilic acid">Tienilic acid</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torasemide" title="Torasemide">Torasemide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thiazide" title="Thiazide">Thiazides</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sodium-chloride_symporter" title="Sodium-chloride symporter">Na-Cl</a> at <a href="/wiki/Distal_convoluted_tubule" title="Distal convoluted tubule">DCT</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Diuretic#Calcium-sparing_diuretics" title="Diuretic">Calcium-sparing</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altizide" title="Altizide">Altizide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendroflumethiazide" title="Bendroflumethiazide">Bendroflumethiazide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butizide" title="Butizide">Butizide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorothiazide" title="Chlorothiazide">Chlorothiazide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopenthiazide" title="Cyclopenthiazide">Cyclopenthiazide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclothiazide" title="Cyclothiazide">Cyclothiazide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitizide" title="Epitizide">Epitizide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrochlorothiazide" title="Hydrochlorothiazide">Hydrochlorothiazide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroflumethiazide" title="Hydroflumethiazide">Hydroflumethiazide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mebutizide" title="Mebutizide">Mebutizide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyclothiazide" title="Methyclothiazide">Methyclothiazide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polythiazide" title="Polythiazide">Polythiazide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichlormethiazide" title="Trichlormethiazide">Trichlormethiazide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thiazide-like_diuretic" title="Thiazide-like diuretic">Thiazide-likes</a> (primarily <a href="/wiki/Distal_convoluted_tubule" title="Distal convoluted tubule">DCT</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chlortalidone" title="Chlortalidone">Chlortalidone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clofenamide" title="Clofenamide">Clofenamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clopamide" title="Clopamide">Clopamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clorexolone" title="Clorexolone">Clorexolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenquizone" title="Fenquizone">Fenquizone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indapamide" title="Indapamide">Indapamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mefruside" title="Mefruside">Mefruside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meticrane" title="Meticrane">Meticrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metolazone" title="Metolazone">Metolazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinethazone" title="Quinethazone">Quinethazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xipamide" title="Xipamide">Xipamide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Potassium-sparing_diuretic" title="Potassium-sparing diuretic">Potassium-sparing</a> (at <a href="/wiki/Collecting_duct_system" title="Collecting duct system">CD</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Epithelial_sodium_channel_blocker" title="Epithelial sodium channel blocker">ESC blockers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amiloride" title="Amiloride">Amiloride</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzamil" title="Benzamil">Benzamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triamterene" title="Triamterene">Triamterene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antimineralocorticoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimineralocorticoid">Aldosterone antagonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Spirolactone" title="Spirolactone">Spirolactones</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canrenone" title="Canrenone">Canrenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eplerenone" title="Eplerenone">Eplerenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_canrenoate" title="Potassium canrenoate">Potassium canrenoate</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal" title="Nonsteroidal">Nonsteroidal</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finerenone" title="Finerenone">Finerenone</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Osmotic_diuretic" title="Osmotic diuretic">Osmotic diuretics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Proximal_tubule" title="Proximal tubule">PT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Descending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle" title="Descending limb of loop of Henle">DL</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mannitol" title="Mannitol">Mannitol</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycerol" title="Glycerol">Glycerol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urea" title="Urea">Urea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vasopressin_receptor_antagonist" title="Vasopressin receptor antagonist">Vasopressin receptor inhibitors</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Distal_convoluted_tubule" title="Distal convoluted tubule">DCT</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collecting_duct" class="mw-redirect" title="Collecting duct">CD</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vasopressin_receptor_antagonist#Vaptans" title="Vasopressin receptor antagonist">Vaptans</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conivaptan" title="Conivaptan">Conivaptan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozavaptan" title="Mozavaptan">Mozavaptan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satavaptan" title="Satavaptan">Satavaptan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolvaptan" title="Tolvaptan">Tolvaptan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vasopressin_receptor_antagonist#Demeclocycline_and_lithium" title="Vasopressin receptor antagonist">Others</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demeclocycline" title="Demeclocycline">Demeclocycline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithium_carbonate" title="Lithium carbonate">Lithium carbonate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isopropanol" class="mw-redirect" title="Isopropanol">Isopropanol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tert-Amyl_alcohol" title="Tert-Amyl alcohol">2M2B</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mercurial_diuretic" title="Mercurial diuretic">mercurial diuretics</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Chlormerodrin" title="Chlormerodrin">Chlormerodrin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mersalyl" title="Mersalyl">Mersalyl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meralluride" title="Meralluride">Meralluride</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobromine" title="Theobromine">Theobromine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicletanine" title="Cicletanine">Cicletanine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combination products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydrochlorothiazide/triamterene" title="Hydrochlorothiazide/triamterene">Hydrochlorothiazide/triamterene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mineralocorticoid_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mineralocorticoid_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Mineralocorticoid receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mineralocorticoid_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Mineralocorticoid receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mineralocorticoid_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mineralocorticoid receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mineralocorticoid_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mineralocorticoid_receptor" title="Mineralocorticoid receptor">Mineralocorticoid receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Mineralocorticoid_receptor" title="Mineralocorticoid receptor"><abbr title="Mineralocorticoid receptor">MR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Mineralocorticoid receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/11-Dehydrocorticosterone" title="11-Dehydrocorticosterone">11-Dehydrocorticosterone (11-oxocorticosterone, 17-deoxycortisone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11-Dehydrocorticosterone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11-Dehydrocorticosterone acetate (page does not exist)">11-Dehydrocorticosterone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Deoxycorticosterone" title="11-Deoxycorticosterone">11-Deoxycorticosterone (desoxycortone, deoxycortone, desoxycorticosterone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Desoxycortone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Desoxycortone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Deoxycortisol" title="11-Deoxycortisol">11-Deoxycortisol (cortodoxone, cortexolone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cortifen" title="Cortifen">Cortifen (cortiphen, kortifen)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cortodoxone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cortodoxone acetate (page does not exist)">Cortodoxone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11%CE%B2-Hydroxyprogesterone" title="11β-Hydroxyprogesterone">11β-Hydroxyprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=16%CE%B1,18-Dihydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="16α,18-Dihydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone (page does not exist)">16α,18-Dihydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=17%CE%B1-Hydroxyaldosterone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="17α-Hydroxyaldosterone (page does not exist)">17α-Hydroxyaldosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18-Hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone" title="18-Hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone">18-Hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19-Norprogesterone" title="19-Norprogesterone">19-Norprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldosterone" title="Aldosterone">Aldosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corticosterone" title="Corticosterone">Corticosterone</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corticosterone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corticosterone acetate (page does not exist)">Corticosterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corticosterone_benzoate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corticosterone benzoate (page does not exist)">Corticosterone benzoate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortisol" title="Cortisol">Cortisol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hydrocortisone" title="Hydrocortisone">hydrocortisone</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzodrocortisone" title="Benzodrocortisone">Benzodrocortisone (hydrocortisone benzoate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocortamate" title="Hydrocortamate">Hydrocortamate (hydrocortisone diethylaminoacetate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Hydrocortisone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Hydrocortisone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortisone" title="Cortisone">Cortisone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cortisone_acetate" title="Cortisone acetate">Cortisone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fludrocortisone" title="Fludrocortisone">Fludrocortisone (fludrocortone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fludrocortisone_acetate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fludrocortisone acetate">Fludrocortisone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mometasone" title="Mometasone">Mometasone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mometasone_furoate" class="mw-redirect" title="Mometasone furoate">Mometasone furoate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisolone" title="Prednisolone">Prednisolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prednazate" title="Prednazate">Prednazate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednazoline" title="Prednazoline">Prednazoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednicarbate" title="Prednicarbate">Prednicarbate (prednisolone ethylcarbonate propionate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednimustine" title="Prednimustine">Prednimustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisolamate" title="Prednisolamate">Prednisolamate (prednisolone diethylaminoacetate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Prednisolone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Prednisolone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisone" title="Prednisone">Prednisone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Prednisone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Prednisone esters</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Steroidal:</i> <a href="/wiki/6%CE%B2-Hydroxy-7%CE%B1-thiomethylspironolactone" title="6β-Hydroxy-7α-thiomethylspironolactone">6β-Hydroxy-7α-thiomethylspironolactone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7%CE%B1-Acetylthio-17%CE%B1-hydroxyprogesterone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7α-Acetylthio-17α-hydroxyprogesterone (page does not exist)">7α-Acetylthio-17α-hydroxyprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%CE%B1-Thiomethylspironolactone" title="7α-Thiomethylspironolactone">7α-Thiomethylspironolactone (SC-26519)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%CE%B1-Thioprogesterone" title="7α-Thioprogesterone">7α-Thioprogesterone (SC-8365)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%CE%B1-Thiospironolactone" title="7α-Thiospironolactone">7α-Thiospironolactone (SC-24813)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16%CE%B1-Hydroxyprogesterone" title="16α-Hydroxyprogesterone">16α-Hydroxyprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Hydroxyprogesterone" title="17α-Hydroxyprogesterone">17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (hydroxyprogesterone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18-Deoxyaldosterone" title="18-Deoxyaldosterone">18-Deoxyaldosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=18,19-Dinorprogesterone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="18,19-Dinorprogesterone (page does not exist)">18,19-Dinorprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_canrenoate" title="Potassium canrenoate">Canrenoate potassium (potassium canrenoate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canrenoic_acid" title="Canrenoic acid">Canrenoic acid (canrenoate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canrenone" title="Canrenone">Canrenone (canrenoate y-lactone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicirenone" title="Dicirenone">Dicirenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethisterone" title="Dimethisterone">Dimethisterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drospirenone" title="Drospirenone">Drospirenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dydrogesterone" title="Dydrogesterone">Dydrogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eplerenone" title="Eplerenone">Eplerenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestodene" title="Gestodene">Gestodene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guggulsterone" title="Guggulsterone">Guggulsterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxyprogesterone_caproate" title="Hydroxyprogesterone caproate">Hydroxyprogesterone caproate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medrogestone" title="Medrogestone">Medrogestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mespirenone" title="Mespirenone">Mespirenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metribolone" title="Metribolone">Metribolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexrenoate_potassium" title="Mexrenoate potassium">Mexrenoate potassium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexrenoic_acid" title="Mexrenoic acid">Mexrenoic acid (mexrenoate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexrenone" title="Mexrenone">Mexrenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxprenoic_acid" title="Oxprenoic acid">Oxprenoic acid (oxprenoate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxprenoate_potassium" title="Oxprenoate potassium">Oxprenoate potassium (RU-28318)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone" title="Pregnenolone">Pregnenolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prorenoate_potassium" title="Prorenoate potassium">Prorenoate potassium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prorenoic_acid" title="Prorenoic acid">Prorenoic acid (prorenoate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prorenone" title="Prorenone">Prorenone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RO-14-9012&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RO-14-9012 (page does not exist)">RO-14-9012</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RU-26752&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RU-26752 (page does not exist)">RU-26752</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SC-5233" title="SC-5233">SC-5233 (spirolactone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SC-8109" title="SC-8109">SC-8109</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SC-11927&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SC-11927 (page does not exist)">SC-11927 (CS-1)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SC-19886&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SC-19886 (page does not exist)">SC-19886</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SC-27169&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SC-27169 (page does not exist)">SC-27169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirorenone" title="Spirorenone">Spirorenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiroxasone" title="Spiroxasone">Spiroxasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibolone" title="Tibolone">Tibolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimegestone" title="Trimegestone">Trimegestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vamorolone" title="Vamorolone">Vamorolone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZK-91587&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZK-91587 (page does not exist)">ZK-91587</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZK-97894&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZK-97894 (page does not exist)">ZK-97894</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Nonsteroidal:</i> <a href="/wiki/Amlodipine" title="Amlodipine">Amlodipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apararenone" title="Apararenone">Apararenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benidipine" title="Benidipine">Benidipine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BR-4628&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BR-4628 (page does not exist)">BR-4628</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esaxerenone" title="Esaxerenone">Esaxerenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felodipine" title="Felodipine">Felodipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finerenone" title="Finerenone">Finerenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miricorilant" title="Miricorilant">Miricorilant (CORT-118335)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nifedipine" title="Nifedipine">Nifedipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimodipine" title="Nimodipine">Nimodipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrendipine" title="Nitrendipine">Nitrendipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocedurenone" title="Ocedurenone">Ocedurenone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PF-03882845&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PF-03882845 (page does not exist)">PF-03882845</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SM-368229&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SM-368229 (page does not exist)">SM-368229</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Mineralocorticoids_and_antimineralocorticoids" title="Template:Mineralocorticoids and antimineralocorticoids">Mineralocorticoids and antimineralocorticoids</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Glucocorticoid_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Glucocorticoid receptor modulators">Glucocorticoid receptor modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroids" title="List of corticosteroids">List of corticosteroids</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mineralocorticoid_receptor_antagonist&oldid=1189681643">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mineralocorticoid_receptor_antagonist&oldid=1189681643</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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