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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="ആറു ഗ്രാമസഭകളുള്ള വിക്കിപീഡിയ ചർച്ചാവേദി"><span>പഞ്ചായത്ത്</span></a></li><li id="n-Embassy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:Embassy"><span>Embassy</span></a></li><li id="n-അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D"><span>അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> വഴികാട്ടി </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="സഹായം ലഭ്യമായ ഇടം"><span>സഹായം</span></a></li><li id="n-sandbox-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF"><span>എഴുത്തുകളരി</span></a></li><li id="n-styleguide-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82"><span>ശൈലീപുസ്തകം</span></a></li><li id="n-policies-and-gl-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82"><span>നയങ്ങളും മാർഗ്ഗരേഖകളും</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-communication-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-communication-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ആശയവിനിമയം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-livechat-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%90.%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC.%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF."><span>തത്സമയ സംവാദം</span></a></li><li id="n-maillist-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D"><span>മെയിലിങ് ലിസ്റ്റ്</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="വിക്കിപീഡിയ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ml.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="<small>വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം</small>" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ml.svg" width="119" height="12" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>തിരയൂ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" aria-label="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" autocapitalize="sentences" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="പ്രത്യേകം:അന്വേഷണം"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">തിരയൂ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ദൃശ്യരൂപം</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml" class=""><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു" class=""><span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="കൂടുതൽ ഐച്ഛികങ്ങൾ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml"><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>കൂടുതൽ അറിയുക</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="ഈ ഐ.പി. വിലാസത്തിൽനിന്നുള്ള തിരുത്തലുകളെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള സം‌വാദം [n]" accesskey="n"><span>സംവാദം</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eഒഴിവാക്കുക\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv 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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ഖാസ്വിൻ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 ഭാഷകൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin – സ്വിസ് ജർമ്മൻ" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Qazvin" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="സ്വിസ് ജർമ്മൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86" title="قزوين – അറബിക്" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قزوين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="അറബിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86" title="قزوين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قزوين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99zvin" title="Qəzvin – അസർബൈജാനി" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qəzvin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="അസർബൈജാനി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="قزوین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قزوین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Ҡәзвин – ബഷ്ഖിർ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡәзвин" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ബഷ്ഖിർ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Казвін – ബെലാറുഷ്യൻ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Казвін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ബെലാറുഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Казвин – ബൾഗേറിയൻ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Казвин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ബൾഗേറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazv%C3%ADn" title="Qazvín – കറ്റാലാൻ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Qazvín" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="കറ്റാലാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Къазвин – ചെചൻ" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Къазвин" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ചെചൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakbayan_sa_Qazvin" title="Dakbayan sa Qazvin – സെബുവാനോ" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dakbayan sa Qazvin" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="സെബുവാനോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%95%D8%B2%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="قەزوین – സെൻട്രൽ കുർദിഷ്" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="قەزوین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="സെൻട്രൽ കുർദിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazv%C3%ADn_(m%C4%9Bsto)" title="Kazvín (město) – ചെക്ക്" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kazvín (město)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ചെക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin – ഡാനിഷ്" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Qazvin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ഡാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin – ജർമ്മൻ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Qazvin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ജർമ്മൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%BD" title="Καζβίν – ഗ്രീക്ക്" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καζβίν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ഗ്രീക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin – ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Qazvin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazvino" title="Kazvino – എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kazvino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazv%C3%ADn" title="Qazvín – സ്‌പാനിഷ്" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Qazvín" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="സ്‌പാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin – ബാസ്‌ക്" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Qazvin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ബാസ്‌ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="قزوین – പേർഷ്യൻ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قزوین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="പേർഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin – ഫിന്നിഷ്" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Qazvin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ഫിന്നിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin – ഫ്രഞ്ച്" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Qazvin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ഫ്രഞ്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86" title="قزوين – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="قزوين" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%96%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F_(%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8)" title="קזווין (עיר) – ഹീബ്രു" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קזווין (עיר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ഹീബ്രു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="कज़्वीन – ഹിന്ദി" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कज़्वीन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ഹിന്ദി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazvin" title="Kazvin – ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kazvin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazvin" title="Kazvin – ഹംഗേറിയൻ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kazvin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ഹംഗേറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%82%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Ղազվին – അർമേനിയൻ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ղազվին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="അർമേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin – ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Qazvin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazvin_(citt%C3%A0)" title="Qazvin (città) – ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Qazvin (città)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%82%BA%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="ガズヴィーン – ജാപ്പനീസ്" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガズヴィーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ജാപ്പനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ყაზვინი – ജോർജിയൻ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ყაზვინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ജോർജിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%A6%88%EB%B9%88" title="카즈빈 – കൊറിയൻ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카즈빈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="കൊറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazw%C3%AAn" title="Qazwên – കുർദ്ദിഷ്" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Qazwên" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="കുർദ്ദിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casbinum" title="Casbinum – ലാറ്റിൻ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Casbinum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ലാറ്റിൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazvinas" title="Kazvinas – ലിത്വാനിയൻ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kazvinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ലിത്വാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazv%C4%ABna" title="Gazvīna – ലാറ്റ്വിയൻ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gazvīna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ലാറ്റ്വിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin – മലഗാസി" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Qazvin" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="മലഗാസി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karawini" title="Karawini – മവോറി" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Karawini" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="മവോറി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="قزوین – മസന്ററാനി" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="قزوین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="മസന്ററാനി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin – ഡച്ച്" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Qazvin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ഡച്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin – നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Qazvin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Казвин – ഒസ്സെറ്റിക്" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Казвин" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ഒസ്സെറ്റിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazwin" title="Kazwin – പോളിഷ്" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kazwin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="പോളിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="قزوین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قزوین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasvim" title="Gasvim – പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gasvim" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin – റൊമാനിയൻ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Qazvin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="റൊമാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Казвин – റഷ്യൻ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Казвин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="റഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazvin" title="Kazvin – സെർബോ-ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kazvin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="സെർബോ-ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Qazvin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazv%C3%ADn" title="Kazvín – സ്ലോവാക്" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kazvín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="സ്ലോവാക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Казвин – സെർബിയൻ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Казвин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="സെർബിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin – സ്വീഡിഷ്" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Qazvin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="സ്വീഡിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazwin" title="Kazwin – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kazwin" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Қазвин – താജിക്" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Қазвин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="താജിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="แกซวีน – തായ്" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แกซวีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="തായ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazvin" title="Kazvin – ടർക്കിഷ്" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kazvin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ടർക്കിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Казвин – ടാട്ടർ" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Казвин" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ടാട്ടർ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%95%D8%B2%DB%8B%D9%89%D9%86" title="قەزۋىن – ഉയ്ഘുർ" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قەزۋىن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ഉയ്ഘുർ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Казвін – ഉക്രേനിയൻ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Казвін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ഉക്രേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="قزوین – ഉറുദു" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قزوین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ഉറുദു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin – ഉസ്‌ബെക്ക്" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qazvin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ഉസ്‌ബെക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin – വാരേയ്" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Qazvin" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="വാരേയ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%B9%E6%B8%A9" title="加兹温 – വു ചൈനീസ്" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="加兹温" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="വു ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ყაზვინი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ყაზვინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%B9%E6%B8%A9" title="加兹温 – ചൈനീസ്" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加兹温" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q181578#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="അന്തർഭാഷാ കണ്ണികൾ തിരുത്തുക" class="wbc-editpage">കണ്ണികൾ തിരുത്തുക</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="നാമമേഖലകൾ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="വിവരദായക താൾ കാണുക [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ലേഖനം</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" rel="discussion" title="വിവരദായക താളിനെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള ചർച്ച [t]" accesskey="t"><span>സംവാദം</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input 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[j]" accesskey="j"><span>ഈ താളിലേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE/%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" rel="nofollow" title="താളുകളിലെ പുതിയ മാറ്റങ്ങൾ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>അനുബന്ധ മാറ്റങ്ങൾ</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/വിക്കിപീഡിയ:അപ്‌ലോഡ്" title="പ്രമാണങ്ങൾ അപ്‌ലോഡ് ചെയ്യുവാൻ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" 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class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3946094">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB&params=36_16_N_50_00_E_region:IR_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°16′N</span> <span class="longitude">50°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.267°N 50.000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.267; 50.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ml" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4128903">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">ഖാസ്വിൻ</div><br /><div class="nickname" style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">قزوین</span></span></div><br /><div class="nickname" style="font-size:78%;display:inline;">മിനൂദർ, റസ്ഹിയ, അർസാസ്</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold;"><div class="category">City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Ghazvin_logo3.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="ഇടത്: ചാഹെൽ സ്റ്റൗൺ കൊട്ടാരം, അമിനിഹ ഹൊസൈനിയേ, നരവംശശാസ്ത്ര ഖജർ ബാത്ത് മ്യൂസിയം, ഹംദൊള്ള മൊസ്‌തോഫിയുടെ ശവകുടീരം, വലത്: ഷാസ്‌ദെഹ് ഹൊസൈൻ ദേവാലയം, സാദ് അൽ-സൽത്താനെയുടെ കാരവൻസെറായി, ഖ്വസ്‌വിൻ ഘാദി ഗേറ്റ്, ഖ്വാസ്വിൻ ജമേഹ് മോസ്‌ക്, ഖ്വാസ്വിനിലെ അൽ‌-നബി ദേവാലയം. ഇനങ്ങൾ മുകളിൽ നിന്ന് താഴേക്കുള്ളതാണ്)"><img alt="ഇടത്: ചാഹെൽ സ്റ്റൗൺ കൊട്ടാരം, അമിനിഹ ഹൊസൈനിയേ, നരവംശശാസ്ത്ര ഖജർ ബാത്ത് മ്യൂസിയം, ഹംദൊള്ള മൊസ്‌തോഫിയുടെ ശവകുടീരം, വലത്: ഷാസ്‌ദെഹ് ഹൊസൈൻ ദേവാലയം, സാദ് അൽ-സൽത്താനെയുടെ കാരവൻസെറായി, ഖ്വസ്‌വിൻ ഘാദി ഗേറ്റ്, ഖ്വാസ്വിൻ ജമേഹ് മോസ്‌ക്, ഖ്വാസ്വിനിലെ അൽ‌-നബി ദേവാലയം. ഇനങ്ങൾ മുകളിൽ നിന്ന് താഴേക്കുള്ളതാണ്)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Ghazvin_logo3.tif/lossy-page1-250px-Ghazvin_logo3.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="500" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Ghazvin_logo3.tif/lossy-page1-375px-Ghazvin_logo3.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Ghazvin_logo3.tif/lossy-page1-500px-Ghazvin_logo3.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="1134" /></a></span><div style="padding:0.4em 0 0 0;">ഇടത്: ചാഹെൽ സ്റ്റൗൺ കൊട്ടാരം, അമിനിഹ ഹൊസൈനിയേ, നരവംശശാസ്ത്ര ഖജർ ബാത്ത് മ്യൂസിയം, ഹംദൊള്ള മൊസ്‌തോഫിയുടെ ശവകുടീരം, വലത്: ഷാസ്‌ദെഹ് ഹൊസൈൻ ദേവാലയം, സാദ് അൽ-സൽത്താനെയുടെ കാരവൻസെറായി, ഖ്വസ്‌വിൻ ഘാദി ഗേറ്റ്, ഖ്വാസ്വിൻ ജമേഹ് മോസ്‌ക്, ഖ്വാസ്വിനിലെ അൽ‌-നബി ദേവാലയം. ഇനങ്ങൾ മുകളിൽ നിന്ന് താഴേക്കുള്ളതാണ്)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><table style="width:100%; background:none;"> <tbody><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:Error mw:File"><a href="/wiki/വിക്കിപീഡിയ:അപ്‌ലോഡ്?wpDestFile=Qazvin_government_logo.svg" class="new" title="പ്രമാണം:Qazvin government logo.svg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="100">Official seal of ഖാസ്വിൻ</span></a></span><br />Seal</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Mirror of History & Natural of Iran</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3417136">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0%;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Iran_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ഖാസ്വിൻ is located in Iran"><img alt="ഖാസ്വിൻ is located in Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Iran_location_map.svg/250px-Iran_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Iran_location_map.svg/375px-Iran_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Iran_location_map.svg/500px-Iran_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1071" /></a></span><div class="od" style="top:24.084%;left:31.707%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="ഖാസ്വിൻ"><img alt="ഖാസ്വിൻ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="font-size:91%;width:6em;right:4px"><div>ഖാസ്വിൻ</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3946094">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB&params=36_16_N_50_00_E_region:IR_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°16′N</span> <span class="longitude">50°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.267°N 50.000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.267; 50.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Iran">Iran</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_of_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provinces of Iran (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qazvin_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qazvin Province (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Qazvin</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Counties_of_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Counties of Iran (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qazvin_County&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qazvin County (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Qazvin</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakhsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakhsh (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Bakhsh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_District_(Qazvin_County)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central District (Qazvin County) (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Central</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><center>വിസ്തീർണ്ണം<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></center></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • City</th><td class="infobox-data">64.132 <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC" title="ചതുരശ്ര കിലോമീറ്റർ">ച.കി.മീ.</a>(24.762 ച മൈ)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ഉയരം<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,278 മീ(4,193 അടി)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><center>ജനസംഖ്യ<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2016 census)</div></center></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • ജനസാന്ദ്രത</th><td class="infobox-data">9,030/ച.കി.മീ.(23,400/ച മൈ)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urban area (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">നഗരപ്രദേശം</a><div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">402,748<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="സമയമേഖല">സമയമേഖല</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=UTC%2B3:30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UTC+3:30 (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">UTC+3:30</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran_Standard_Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iran Standard Time (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">IRST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=UTC%2B4:30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UTC+4:30 (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">UTC+4:30</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iran_Daylight_Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iran Daylight Time (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">IDST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ഏരിയ കോഡ്</th><td class="infobox-data">028</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Köppen climate classification">Climate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semi-arid_climate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semi-arid climate (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">BSk</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">വെബ്സൈറ്റ്</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qazvin.ir">www<wbr />.qazvin<wbr />.ir</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ഖാസ്വിൻ</b>, (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:IPA/English" title="സഹായം:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="പേർഷ്യൻ">പേർഷ്യൻ</a>:<span style="font-family: 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'Alvi Nastaleeq', 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', serif; color: green;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2969694">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-size:1.15em;font-family:"Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey David CLM","Taamey Frank CLM","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli","SBL BibLit","SBL Hebrew",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 115%;" dir="rtl">قزوین</span>‬</span>, <small>IPA: </small><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:IPA/Persian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="സഹായം:IPA/Persian (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">[ɢæzˈviːn]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/ec\/Qazvin.ogg\/Qazvin.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"ml","wikibase":"","file":"Qazvin.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/Qazvin.ogg/Qazvin.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Qazvin.ogg" title="പ്രമാണം:Qazvin.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>, also <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization" class="extiw" title="en:Romanization">Romanized</a> as <i>Qazvīn</i>, <i>Qazwin</i>, <i>Kazvin</i>, <i>Kasvin</i>, <i>Caspin</i>, <i>Casbin</i>, <i>Casbeen</i>, or <i>Ghazvin</i>) <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="ഇറാൻ">ഇറാനിലെ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="ഖാസ്വിൻ പ്രവിശ്യ">ഖാസ്വിൻ പ്രവിശ്യയിലെ</a> ഏറ്റവും വലിയ നഗരവും തലസ്ഥാനവുമാണ്. നാൽപ്പത് വർഷത്തിലേറെക്കാലം (1555-1598) <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="സഫവി സാമ്രാജ്യം">സഫാവിദ് രാജവംശത്തിന്റെ</a> തലസ്ഥാനമായിരുന്ന ഖസ്വിൻ നഗരം, അക്കാലത്തെ ഇറാന്റെ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF" title="കലിഗ്രഫി">കാലിഗ്രഫി</a> തലസ്ഥാനമായി അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു. പരമ്പരാഗത മിഠായികൾ (ബാഗ്ലവ പോലുള്ളവ), പരവതാനി അലങ്കാരമാതൃകകൾ, കവികൾ, രാഷ്ട്രീയ വർത്തമാനപ്പത്രം, പഹ്‌ലവി സ്വാധീനം എന്നിവയ്ക്ക് പേരുകേട്ടതാണ് ഈ നഗരം. 2011 ലെ കനേഷുമാരി പ്രകാരം നഗരത്തിലെ ജനസംഖ്യ 381,598 ആയിരുന്നു.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="ടെഹ്റാൻ">ടെഹ്‌റാനിൽ</a> നിന്ന് 150 കിലോമീറ്റർ (93 മൈൽ) വടക്ക് പടിഞ്ഞാറായി, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="ഖാസ്വിൻ പ്രവിശ്യ">ഖാസ്വിൻ പ്രവിശ്യയിൽ</a> സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്ന ഇത് സമുദ്രനിരപ്പിൽ നിന്ന് ഏകദേശം 1,800 മീറ്റർ (5,900 അടി) ഉയരത്തിലാണ് സ്ഥിതിചെയ്യുന്നത്. കെടിഎസ് അറ്റബാകിയ എന്നറിയപ്പെടുന്ന പരുക്കൻ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="അൽബോർസ് മലനിരകൾ">അൽബോർസ്</a> ശ്രേണിയുടെ തെക്ക് ഭാഗത്ത് സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്യുന്നതിനാൽ ഇവിടെ കാലാവസ്ഥ തണുത്തതും വരണ്ടതുമാണ്. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ചരിത്രം"><span id=".E0.B4.9A.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.82"></span>ചരിത്രം</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB&action=edit&section=1" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: ചരിത്രം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ഇറാനിയൻ ചരിത്രത്തിലെ പ്രധാന സംഭവവികാസങ്ങളുടെ പേരിൽ ഖസ്വിൻ പലപ്പോഴും ഒട്ടേറെ പ്രാധാന്യമുള്ള നഗരമായിരുന്നു. അറബികൾ എ.ഡി. 644 ൽ ഇത് പിടിച്ചെടുക്കുകയും <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%81_%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഹുലാഗു ഖാൻ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഹുലാഗു ഖാൻ</a> (പതിമൂന്നാം നൂറ്റാണ്ട്) നശിപ്പിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. 1555-ൽ, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ടാബ്രിസ്">തബ്രിസ്</a> നഗരത്തെ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഓട്ടൊമൻ സാമ്രാജ്യം">ഓട്ടോമൻ</a> പിടിച്ചടക്കിയതിനുശേഷം, ഷാ തഹ്മാസ്പ് (1524-1576) ഖാസ്വിൻ നഗരത്തെ സഫാവിദ് സാമ്രാജ്യത്തിന്റെ തലസ്ഥാനമാക്കുകയും, 1598-ൽ ഷാ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_I" title="അബ്ബാസ് I">അബ്ബാസ് ഒന്നാമൻ</a> തലസ്ഥാനം <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="ഇസ്ഫഹാൻ">ഇസ്ഫഹാനിലേക്ക്</a> മാറ്റുന്നത് വരെ അരനൂറ്റാണ്ടോളം ഈ സ്ഥാനം നിലനിർത്തുകയും ചെയ്തു.<sup id="cite_ref-LPIran_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LPIran-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> അതിന്റെ ചരിത്രത്തിലുടനീളം ഒരു പ്രധാന സാംസ്കാരിക കേന്ദ്രമായിരുന്ന ഇത് ഇന്ന് ഒരു പ്രവിശ്യാ തലസ്ഥാനമാണ്. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="ടെഹ്റാൻ">ടെഹ്‌റാൻ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ടാബ്രിസ്">തബ്രിസ്</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD" title="കാസ്പിയൻ കടൽ">കാസ്പിയൻ</a> തീരപ്രദേശങ്ങൾ എന്നിവയെ ബന്ധിപ്പിക്കുന്ന ഒരു ക്രോസ്റോഡിൽ സ്ഥിതി ചെയ്തിരുന്നതിനാൽ ചരിത്രപരമായി നഗരം വാണിജ്യ പ്രാധാന്യം നേടുന്നതിൽ ഈ ഘടകം ഒരു പ്രധാന പങ്കുവഹിച്ചിരുന്നു.<sup id="cite_ref-Lambton_Hillebrand_1978_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambton_Hillebrand_1978-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> എന്നിരുന്നാലും, മധ്യകാലഘട്ടത്തിലെ മറ്റ് പ്രധാന ഇറാനിയൻ നഗരങ്ങളായിരുന്ന റെയ്, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BC" title="നിഷാപൂർ">നിഷാപൂർ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="ഇസ്ഫഹാൻ">ഇസ്ഫഹാൻ</a> എന്നിവയോട് അത് ഒരിക്കലും മത്സരിച്ചിരുന്നില്ല.<sup id="cite_ref-Lambton_Hillebrand_19783_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambton_Hillebrand_19783-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ജലത്തിന്റെ അഭാവം മൂലം നഗരത്തിൻറെ വളർച്ച പരിമിതമാണ് എന്നതാണ് ഇതിന് ഒരു കാരണം. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ചരിത്രാതീതകാലം"><span id=".E0.B4.9A.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.80.E0.B4.A4.E0.B4.95.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.B2.E0.B4.82"></span>ചരിത്രാതീതകാലം</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB&action=edit&section=2" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: ചരിത്രാതീതകാലം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>പുരാവസ്തു ഗവേഷകർ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB" title="നിയാന്തർത്താൽ മനുഷ്യൻ">നിയാണ്ടർത്താൽ മനുഷ്യൻറെ</a> പല്ല് ഖലേഹ് കുർദ് എന്ന ഗുഹയിൽ നിന്ന് ചരിത്രാതീതകാലത്തെ മനുഷ്യരുടെ ആദ്യകാല അവശിഷ്ടങ്ങളെന്ന നിലയിൽ കണ്ടെത്തിയിരുന്നു.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ഖാസ്വിൻ സമതലത്തിലെ പുരാവസ്തു കണ്ടെത്തലുകൾ കുറഞ്ഞത് ഒമ്പത് സഹസ്രാബ്ദങ്ങളായി ഇവിടെ നിലനിന്നിരുന്ന നഗര കാർഷിക വാസസ്ഥലങ്ങളെ വെളിപ്പെടുത്തുന്നു. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="സാസാനിയൻ_യുഗം"><span id=".E0.B4.B8.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.B8.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.A8.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.AF.E0.B5.BB_.E0.B4.AF.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.97.E0.B4.82"></span>സാസാനിയൻ യുഗം</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB&action=edit&section=3" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: സാസാനിയൻ യുഗം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="സസാനിയൻ സാമ്രാജ്യം">സാസാനിയൻ സാമ്രാജ്യത്തിലെ</a> രണ്ടാമത്തെ ഭരണാധികാരിയായിരുന്ന <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BC_I" title="ഷാപൂർ I">ഷാപൂർ I</a> (r. 240–270) ആണ് ഖാസ്വിൻ നഗരം സ്ഥാപിച്ചത്. പിന്നീട് ഷാപൂർ II (r. 309–379)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELambtonHillenbrand2002857_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELambtonHillenbrand2002857-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ഇത് പുനഃസ്ഥാപിക്കുകയും, അദ്ദേഹം അവിടെ ഒരു നാണയ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82" title="കമ്മട്ടം">കമ്മട്ടം</a> സ്ഥാപിക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBadiyi2020211_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBadiyi2020211-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> സസാനിയക്കാരുടെ കീഴിലുള്ള ഈ സ്ഥലത്തേക്ക് കടന്നുകയറിയിരുന്ന അയൽവാസികളായ ഡെയ്‌ലാമൈറ്റുകൾക്കെതിരെ ചെറുത്തുനിൽപ്പുനടത്തുന്ന ഒരു അതിർത്തി പട്ടണമായും ഖസ്വിൻ അക്കാലത്ത് പ്രവർത്തിച്ചു.<sup id="cite_ref-Lambton_Hillebrand_19784_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambton_Hillebrand_19784-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELambtonHillenbrand2002858_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELambtonHillenbrand2002858-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ആദ്യകാല_ഇസ്ലാമിക_രാജവംശങ്ങൾ"><span id=".E0.B4.86.E0.B4.A6.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.AF.E0.B4.95.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.B2_.E0.B4.87.E0.B4.B8.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B2.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.AE.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.95_.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.9C.E0.B4.B5.E0.B4.82.E0.B4.B6.E0.B4.99.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.99.E0.B5.BE"></span>ആദ്യകാല ഇസ്ലാമിക രാജവംശങ്ങൾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB&action=edit&section=4" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: ആദ്യകാല ഇസ്ലാമിക രാജവംശങ്ങൾ"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>644-ൽ ഉമറിന്റെ ഭരണകാലത്ത് ഖാസ്വിൻ വിപുലീകരണത്തിലായിരുന്ന റാഷിദൂൻ ഖിലാഫത്തിന്റെ കീഴിലായി. നഗരം ഉപരോധിക്കുകയും പിടിച്ചെടുക്കുകയും ചെയ്ത അൽ-ബാറ ഇബ്‌ൻ അസിബിനോട് നഗര നിവാസികൾ ഒരു സുൽഹ് (കരാർ) അഭ്യർത്ഥിച്ചു.<sup id="cite_ref-Lambton_Hillebrand_19782_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambton_Hillebrand_19782-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> നേരത്തെ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="അബ്ഹർ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">അബ്ഹർ</a> നഗരത്തിന് നൽകിയിരുന്ന അതേ നിബന്ധനകൾ അവർക്ക് വാഗ്ദാനം ചെയ്യപ്പെട്ടുവെങ്കിലും ഖസ്‌വിനിലെ ജനങ്ങൾ ജിസ്‌യ നൽകാൻ ആഗ്രഹിക്കാത്തതിനാൽ പകരം ഇസ്‌ലാം സ്വീകരിച്ചതായി കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു.<sup id="cite_ref-Lambton_Hillebrand_19785_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambton_Hillebrand_19785-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> തുടർന്ന് ദയ്‌ലാമിലേക്കും ഗിലാനിലേക്കും കൂടുതൽ സൈനിക പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ നടത്തുന്നതിനുള്ള ഒരു അടിത്തറയായി അൽ-ബാറ ഖസ്‌വിൻ നഗരത്തെ ഉപയോഗിച്ചു.<sup id="cite_ref-Lambton_Hillebrand_19786_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambton_Hillebrand_19786-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> പിന്നീട്, ഉമയാദുകളുടെ കീഴിൽ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പേർഷ്യൻ സാമ്രാജ്യം">പേർഷ്യയുടെ</a> ഗവർണറായി സൈദ് ഇബ്‌നു അൽ-ആസ് നിയമിതനായപ്പോൾ, അദ്ദേഹം ഖസ്‌വിനിൽ ഹജ്ജാജ് എന്ന പേരിൽ ഒരു പുതിയ നഗരം നിർമ്മിച്ചു.<sup id="cite_ref-Lambton_Hillebrand_19787_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambton_Hillebrand_19787-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="അവലംബം"><span id=".E0.B4.85.E0.B4.B5.E0.B4.B2.E0.B4.82.E0.B4.AC.E0.B4.82"></span>അവലംബം</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB&action=edit&section=5" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: അവലംബം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4123591">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amar.org.ir/english">"Statistical Center of Iran > Home"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+Center+of+Iran+%3E+Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amar.org.ir%2Fenglish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citypopulation.de/php/iran-qazvin.php">Qazvin / قزوين (Iran): Province & Cities – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LPIran-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-LPIran_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Iran</i> (5th ed., 2008), by Andrew Burke and Mark Elliott, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lonelyplanet.com/shop_pickandmix/previews/iran-5-history-preview.pdf">p. 28</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110607152838/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/shop_pickandmix/previews/iran-5-history-preview.pdf">Archived</a> June 7, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Lonely Planet Publications, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/978-1-74104-293-1" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/978-1-74104-293-1">978-1-74104-293-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lambton_Hillebrand_1978-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lambton_Hillebrand_1978_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFLambtonHillenbrand1978" class="citation book cs1">Lambton, Ann K.S.; Hillenbrand, R.M. (1978). "ḲAZWĪN". In Van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/volume-5/Volume%204/page/862/mode/2up"><i>The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume IV (IRAN-KHA)</i></a>. Leiden: E.J. Brill. pp. 857–63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/90_04_05745_5" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/90 04 05745 5"><bdi>90 04 05745 5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E1%B8%B2AZW%C4%AAN&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Volume+IV+%28IRAN-KHA%29&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=857-63&rft.pub=E.J.+Brill&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9004057455&rft.aulast=Lambton&rft.aufirst=Ann+K.S.&rft.au=Hillenbrand%2C+R.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvolume-5%2FVolume%25204%2Fpage%2F862%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lambton_Hillebrand_19783-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lambton_Hillebrand_19783_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFLambtonHillenbrand1978" class="citation book cs1">Lambton, Ann K.S.; Hillenbrand, R.M. (1978). "ḲAZWĪN". In Van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/volume-5/Volume%204/page/862/mode/2up"><i>The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume IV (IRAN-KHA)</i></a>. Leiden: E.J. Brill. pp. 857–63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/90_04_05745_5" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/90 04 05745 5"><bdi>90 04 05745 5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E1%B8%B2AZW%C4%AAN&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Volume+IV+%28IRAN-KHA%29&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=857-63&rft.pub=E.J.+Brill&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9004057455&rft.aulast=Lambton&rft.aufirst=Ann+K.S.&rft.au=Hillenbrand%2C+R.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvolume-5%2FVolume%25204%2Fpage%2F862%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://irdb.nii.ac.jp/en/01249/0002908121">https://irdb.nii.ac.jp/en/01249/0002908121</a> QALEH KURD CAVE: A MIDDLE PALEOLITHIC SITE ON THE WESTERN BORDERS OF THE IRANIAN CENTRAL PLATEAU</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELambtonHillenbrand2002857-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELambtonHillenbrand2002857_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLambtonHillenbrand2002">Lambton & Hillenbrand 2002</a>, പുറം. 857.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFLambtonHillenbrand2002 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="വർഗ്ഗം:Harv and Sfn template errors (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBadiyi2020211-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBadiyi2020211_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBadiyi2020">Badiyi 2020</a>, പുറം. 211.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFBadiyi2020 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="വർഗ്ഗം:Harv and Sfn template errors (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lambton_Hillebrand_19784-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lambton_Hillebrand_19784_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFLambtonHillenbrand1978" class="citation book cs1">Lambton, Ann K.S.; Hillenbrand, R.M. (1978). "ḲAZWĪN". In Van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/volume-5/Volume%204/page/862/mode/2up"><i>The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume IV (IRAN-KHA)</i></a>. Leiden: E.J. Brill. pp. 857–63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/90_04_05745_5" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/90 04 05745 5"><bdi>90 04 05745 5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E1%B8%B2AZW%C4%AAN&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Volume+IV+%28IRAN-KHA%29&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=857-63&rft.pub=E.J.+Brill&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9004057455&rft.aulast=Lambton&rft.aufirst=Ann+K.S.&rft.au=Hillenbrand%2C+R.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvolume-5%2FVolume%25204%2Fpage%2F862%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELambtonHillenbrand2002858-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELambtonHillenbrand2002858_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLambtonHillenbrand2002">Lambton & Hillenbrand 2002</a>, പുറം. 858.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFLambtonHillenbrand2002 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="വർഗ്ഗം:Harv and Sfn template errors (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lambton_Hillebrand_19782-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lambton_Hillebrand_19782_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFLambtonHillenbrand1978" class="citation book cs1">Lambton, Ann K.S.; Hillenbrand, R.M. (1978). "ḲAZWĪN". In Van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/volume-5/Volume%204/page/862/mode/2up"><i>The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume IV (IRAN-KHA)</i></a>. Leiden: E.J. Brill. pp. 857–63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/90_04_05745_5" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/90 04 05745 5"><bdi>90 04 05745 5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E1%B8%B2AZW%C4%AAN&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Volume+IV+%28IRAN-KHA%29&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=857-63&rft.pub=E.J.+Brill&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9004057455&rft.aulast=Lambton&rft.aufirst=Ann+K.S.&rft.au=Hillenbrand%2C+R.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvolume-5%2FVolume%25204%2Fpage%2F862%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lambton_Hillebrand_19785-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lambton_Hillebrand_19785_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFLambtonHillenbrand1978" class="citation book cs1">Lambton, Ann K.S.; Hillenbrand, R.M. (1978). "ḲAZWĪN". In Van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/volume-5/Volume%204/page/862/mode/2up"><i>The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume IV (IRAN-KHA)</i></a>. Leiden: E.J. Brill. pp. 857–63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/90_04_05745_5" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/90 04 05745 5"><bdi>90 04 05745 5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E1%B8%B2AZW%C4%AAN&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Volume+IV+%28IRAN-KHA%29&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=857-63&rft.pub=E.J.+Brill&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9004057455&rft.aulast=Lambton&rft.aufirst=Ann+K.S.&rft.au=Hillenbrand%2C+R.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvolume-5%2FVolume%25204%2Fpage%2F862%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lambton_Hillebrand_19786-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lambton_Hillebrand_19786_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFLambtonHillenbrand1978" class="citation book cs1">Lambton, Ann K.S.; Hillenbrand, R.M. (1978). "ḲAZWĪN". In Van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/volume-5/Volume%204/page/862/mode/2up"><i>The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume IV (IRAN-KHA)</i></a>. Leiden: E.J. Brill. pp. 857–63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/90_04_05745_5" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/90 04 05745 5"><bdi>90 04 05745 5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E1%B8%B2AZW%C4%AAN&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Volume+IV+%28IRAN-KHA%29&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=857-63&rft.pub=E.J.+Brill&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9004057455&rft.aulast=Lambton&rft.aufirst=Ann+K.S.&rft.au=Hillenbrand%2C+R.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvolume-5%2FVolume%25204%2Fpage%2F862%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lambton_Hillebrand_19787-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lambton_Hillebrand_19787_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFLambtonHillenbrand1978" class="citation book cs1">Lambton, Ann K.S.; Hillenbrand, R.M. (1978). "ḲAZWĪN". In Van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/volume-5/Volume%204/page/862/mode/2up"><i>The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume IV (IRAN-KHA)</i></a>. Leiden: E.J. Brill. pp. 857–63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/90_04_05745_5" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/90 04 05745 5"><bdi>90 04 05745 5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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