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</button> <ul id="toc-General_information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coat-of-arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coat-of-arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Coat-of-arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coat-of-arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fredrikstad_Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fredrikstad_Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fredrikstad Museum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fredrikstad_Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable residents</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_residents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable residents subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Public service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fredrikstad</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="فريدريكستاد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فريدريكستاد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="فردریکستاد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فردریکستاد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Фрэдрыкстад – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фрэдрыкстад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Фрэдрыкстад – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фрэдрыкстад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Фредрикста – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фредрикста" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad_(munisipyo)" title="Fredrikstad (munisipyo) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Fredrikstad (munisipyo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstadi_vald" title="Fredrikstadi vald – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Fredrikstadi vald" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Φρέντρικσταντ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φρέντρικσταντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="فردریکستاد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فردریکستاد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AD%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EB%93%9C" title="프레드릭스타드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프레드릭스타드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%A4" title="Ֆրեդրիկստադ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրեդրիկստադ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1" title="ফ্রেডিকস্টেড – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ফ্রেডিকস্টেড" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%93" title="פרדריקסטאד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרדריקסטאד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fridericopolis" title="Fridericopolis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fridericopolis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstadas" title="Fredrikstadas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fredrikstadas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="فريدريكستاد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فريدريكستاد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF" title="フレドリクスタ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フレドリクスタ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Фредрикстад – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Фредрикстад" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad_(Norweegen)" title="Fredrikstad (Norweegen) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Fredrikstad (Norweegen)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad_kommune" title="Fredrikstad kommune – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fredrikstad kommune" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kommun_Fredrikstad" title="Kommun Fredrikstad – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kommun Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Фредрикстад – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фредрикстад" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Фредерикстад – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фредерикстад" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstads_kommun" title="Fredrikstads kommun – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fredrikstads kommun" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Фредрикстад – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фредрикстад" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="เฟร็ดดริกสตา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เฟร็ดดริกสตา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Фредрікстад – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фредрікстад" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fredrikstad" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%93%E7%89%B9%E7%83%88%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94" title="腓特烈斯塔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="腓特烈斯塔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%93%E7%89%B9%E7%83%88%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94" title="腓特烈斯塔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="腓特烈斯塔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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location"><span class="latitude">59°12′19″N</span> <span class="longitude">10°57′0″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">59.20528°N 10.95000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">59.20528; 10.95000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the hamlet in South Africa, see <a href="/wiki/Frederikstad" title="Frederikstad">Frederikstad</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Fredrikstad" title="Special:EditPage/Fredrikstad">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Fredrikstad%22">"Fredrikstad"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Fredrikstad%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Fredrikstad%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Fredrikstad%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Fredrikstad%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Fredrikstad%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Municipality in Østfold, Norway</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Fredrikstad Municipality</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">Fredrikstad kommune</i></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Norway" title="List of municipalities of Norway">Municipality</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:Color of spacing between the images (default:black);border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid Color of border surrounding the montage (default:black);width:275px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:1px 0 0 1px"><div style="display:table;background-color:Color of spacing between the images (default:black);border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fredrikstad_bridge_-_view_from_the_the_old_town%27s_port.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Fredrikstad_bridge_-_view_from_the_the_old_town%27s_port.jpg/275px-Fredrikstad_bridge_-_view_from_the_the_old_town%27s_port.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Fredrikstad_bridge_-_view_from_the_the_old_town%27s_port.jpg/413px-Fredrikstad_bridge_-_view_from_the_the_old_town%27s_port.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Fredrikstad_bridge_-_view_from_the_the_old_town%27s_port.jpg/550px-Fredrikstad_bridge_-_view_from_the_the_old_town%27s_port.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:Color of spacing between the images (default:black);border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2.10-old_town_fredrikstad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/2.10-old_town_fredrikstad.jpg/275px-2.10-old_town_fredrikstad.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/2.10-old_town_fredrikstad.jpg/413px-2.10-old_town_fredrikstad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/2.10-old_town_fredrikstad.jpg/550px-2.10-old_town_fredrikstad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><b>Above</b>: Panorama view of <a href="/wiki/Glomma" title="Glomma">Glomma River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fredrikstad_Bridge" title="Fredrikstad Bridge">Fredrikstadbrua</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Fredrikstad_Fortress" title="Fredrikstad Fortress">Fredrikstad Fortress</a><br /><b>Bottom</b>: Aerial view of Tøihusgaten and Isegran heritage town area</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Fredrikstad.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Fredrikstad Municipality"><img alt="Flag of Fredrikstad Municipality" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flag_of_Fredrikstad.svg/100px-Flag_of_Fredrikstad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flag_of_Fredrikstad.svg/150px-Flag_of_Fredrikstad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flag_of_Fredrikstad.svg/200px-Flag_of_Fredrikstad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fredrikstad_komm.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Fredrikstad Municipality"><img alt="Coat of arms of Fredrikstad Municipality" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Fredrikstad_komm.svg/90px-Fredrikstad_komm.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Fredrikstad_komm.svg/135px-Fredrikstad_komm.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Fredrikstad_komm.svg/180px-Fredrikstad_komm.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="525" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Fredrikstad" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Fredrikstad">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Norway_Counties_%C3%98stfold_Position.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Østfold within Norway"><img alt="Østfold within Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Norway_Counties_%C3%98stfold_Position.svg/125px-Norway_Counties_%C3%98stfold_Position.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Norway_Counties_%C3%98stfold_Position.svg/188px-Norway_Counties_%C3%98stfold_Position.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Norway_Counties_%C3%98stfold_Position.svg/250px-Norway_Counties_%C3%98stfold_Position.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="790" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Østfold within Norway</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NO_3107_Fredrikstad.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fredrikstad within Østfold"><img alt="Fredrikstad within Østfold" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/NO_3107_Fredrikstad.svg/160px-NO_3107_Fredrikstad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/NO_3107_Fredrikstad.svg/240px-NO_3107_Fredrikstad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/NO_3107_Fredrikstad.svg/320px-NO_3107_Fredrikstad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="395" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Fredrikstad within Østfold</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Fredrikstad&params=59_12_19_N_10_57_0_E_region:NO_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">59°12′19″N</span> <span class="longitude">10°57′0″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">59.20528°N 10.95000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">59.20528; 10.95000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Norway" title="Counties of Norway">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%98stfold" title="Østfold">Østfold</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Norway" title="Districts of Norway">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Norway" title="Eastern Norway">Eastern Norway</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Administrative centre</th><td class="infobox-data">Fredrikstad</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor <span style="font-weight:normal">(2023)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Arne Sekkelsten (<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Norway)" title="Conservative Party (Norway)">H</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">293 km<sup>2</sup> (113 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">284 km<sup>2</sup> (110 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">#269 in Norway</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(30 September 2023)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">85,044 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">#7 in Norway</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">286/km<sup>2</sup> (740/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Change <span style="font-weight:normal">(10 years)</span><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> +8.6%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Norway" title="Languages of Norway">Official language</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language#Bokmål_and_Nynorsk" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian form</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bokm%C3%A5l" title="Bokmål">Bokmål</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Norway" title="Time in Norway">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:NO" title="ISO 3166-2:NO">NO-3107</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fredrikstad.kommune.no">Official website</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ssb.no/kommunefakta/">Data from Statistics Norway</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:-i---i-_(36849052812).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/-i---i-_%2836849052812%29.jpg/220px--i---i-_%2836849052812%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/-i---i-_%2836849052812%29.jpg/330px--i---i-_%2836849052812%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/-i---i-_%2836849052812%29.jpg/440px--i---i-_%2836849052812%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fredrikstad_Cathedral" title="Fredrikstad Cathedral">Fredrikstad Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Town,_Fredrikstad_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Old_Town%2C_Fredrikstad_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Old_Town%2C_Fredrikstad_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Old_Town%2C_Fredrikstad_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Old_Town%2C_Fredrikstad_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Old_Town%2C_Fredrikstad_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Old_Town%2C_Fredrikstad_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Old Town Fredrikstad</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fredrikstad_bryggepromenade_fra_Kr%C3%A5ker%C3%B8ybroa.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Fredrikstad_bryggepromenade_fra_Kr%C3%A5ker%C3%B8ybroa.JPG/220px-Fredrikstad_bryggepromenade_fra_Kr%C3%A5ker%C3%B8ybroa.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Fredrikstad_bryggepromenade_fra_Kr%C3%A5ker%C3%B8ybroa.JPG/330px-Fredrikstad_bryggepromenade_fra_Kr%C3%A5ker%C3%B8ybroa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Fredrikstad_bryggepromenade_fra_Kr%C3%A5ker%C3%B8ybroa.JPG/440px-Fredrikstad_bryggepromenade_fra_Kr%C3%A5ker%C3%B8ybroa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Riverside promenade in Fredrikstad</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Fredrikstad</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Norwegian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="no-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Norwegian" title="Help:IPA/Norwegian">[ˈfrɛ̀drɪkstɑ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/9e\/Fredrikstad.ogg\/Fredrikstad.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Fredrikstad.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Fredrikstad.ogg/Fredrikstad.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Fredrikstad.ogg" title="File:Fredrikstad.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; previously <i>Frederiksstad</i>; literally "Fredrik's Town") is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Norway">city</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Norway">municipality</a> in <a href="/wiki/%C3%98stfold" title="Østfold">Østfold</a> <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Norway" title="Counties of Norway">county</a>, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Fredrikstad. </p><p>The city of Fredrikstad was founded in 1567 by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Denmark" title="Frederick II of Denmark">King Frederick II</a>, and established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see <i><a href="/wiki/Formannskapsdistrikt" title="Formannskapsdistrikt">formannskapsdistrikt</a></i>). The rural municipality of <a href="/wiki/Glemmen" title="Glemmen">Glemmen</a> was merged with Fredrikstad on 1 January 1964. The rural municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Borge,_%C3%98stfold" title="Borge, Østfold">Borge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ons%C3%B8y" title="Onsøy">Onsøy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%A5ker%C3%B8y" title="Kråkerøy">Kråkerøy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rolvs%C3%B8y" title="Rolvsøy">Rolvsøy</a> were merged with Fredrikstad on 1 January 1994. </p><p>The city straddles the river <a href="/wiki/Glomma" title="Glomma">Glomma</a> where it meets the <a href="/wiki/Skagerrak" title="Skagerrak">Skagerrak</a>, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> border. Along with neighboring <a href="/wiki/Sarpsborg" title="Sarpsborg">Sarpsborg</a>, Fredrikstad forms the fifth largest city in Norway: <a href="/wiki/Fredrikstad/Sarpsborg" title="Fredrikstad/Sarpsborg">Fredrikstad/Sarpsborg</a>. As of 30 September 2021, according to <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Norway" title="Statistics Norway">Statistics Norway</a>, these two municipalities have a total population of 141,708 with 83,761 in Fredrikstad and 57,947 in Sarpsborg. </p><p>Fredrikstad was built at the mouth of Glomma as a replacement after Sarpsborg (15 kilometres (9 miles) upstream) was burnt down by the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Army" title="Swedish Army">Swedish Army</a> in the 1500s. Some of the citizens stayed behind and rebuilt their old town at its original site and got their city status back in 1839. </p><p>The city centre is on the west bank of the Glomma, while the old town on the east bank is Northern Europe's best preserved <a href="/wiki/Fredrikstad_Fortress" title="Fredrikstad Fortress">fortified town</a>. </p><p>Fredrikstad used to have a large sawmill industry and was an important <a href="/wiki/Harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbour">harbour</a> for timber export, then later on <a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">shipbuilding</a>, until the main yard was closed in 1988. The main <a href="/wiki/Industry_(economics)" title="Industry (economics)">industries</a> are currently various <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemical</a> plants and other light industry. </p><p>In 2005, Fredrikstad was the final host port for the <a href="/wiki/Cutty_Sark_Tall_Ships%27_Race" class="mw-redirect" title="Cutty Sark Tall Ships' Race">Tall Ships' Race</a>, attracting thousands to the city. In 2019, it was the first host port. </p><p>In 2017, Fredrikstad won the national award for most attractive city. The award is given yearly by the Norwegian government on the basis of social, economic and environmental factors.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_information">General information</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredrikstad&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: General information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Name">Name</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredrikstad&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city was named after the <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Danish</a> king Frederick II in 1569. The last element <i>stad</i> means "city". </p><p>Prior to 1877, the name was spelled <i>Frederiksstad</i>, then from 1877 to 1888 it was written as <i>Fredriksstad</i>, and finally since 1889 it has been spelled in its current form: <i>Fredrikstad</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coat-of-arms">Coat-of-arms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredrikstad&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Coat-of-arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat-of-arms</a> is from modern times. They were granted on 21 April 1967. The old arms are based on the oldest known seal of the city, which dates from 1610. They showed a <a href="/wiki/Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortress">fortress</a> being guarded by a bear. Strangely, Fredrikstad had no fortifications in 1610 (it received some at the end of the 17th century). Fredrikstad was founded by citizens of Sarpsborg and both the fortress and the bear are taken from the old arms of Sarpsborg. The composition of the seal was also used as arms since the beginning of the 19th century. The new arms were granted at the 400th anniversary of the city in 1967 and show a more modern variation on the fortress and bear.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredrikstad&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Sarpsborg" title="Sarpsborg">Sarpsborg</a> was burned to the ground during the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Seven_Years%27_War" title="Northern Seven Years' War">Northern Seven Years' War</a>, the ruling king, <a href="/wiki/Frederik_II_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederik II of Denmark">Frederik II</a>, decided by <a href="/wiki/Royal_decree" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal decree">royal decree</a> to rebuild the city 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of the original location. This new site's proximity to the sea and the accessible open land surrounding it made it a better location than the old one. The name Fredrikstad was first used in a letter from the King dated 6 February 1569. The temporary fortification built during the <a href="/wiki/Hannibal_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Hannibal War">Hannibal War</a> (1644–1645) between <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denmark-Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Denmark-Norway">Denmark-Norway</a>, became permanent in the 1660s. </p><p>The work on the fortifications was first led by <a href="/wiki/Willem_Coucheron" title="Willem Coucheron">Willem Coucheron</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Johan_Caspar_von_Cicignon" title="Johan Caspar von Cicignon">Johan Caspar von Cicignon</a>. During the next 60 years, several fortifications at the <a href="/wiki/Fredrikstad_Fortress" title="Fredrikstad Fortress">Fredrikstad Fortress</a> were built, including Isegran, Kongsten, and Cicignon. In 1735, a suburb on the western side of Glomma, <i>Vestsiden</i>, was founded. This part later grew faster than the old city, and became the dominant city centre. Most of the buildings in the old city burned down during a fire in 1764. </p><p>In the 1840s, timber exporting from Fredrikstad started to gain momentum. In the 1860s, several steam powered saws were built along the river, and in 1879 the railway reached Fredrikstad, leading to further growth. With the decline of the timber exports as a result of the modernization of wood-processing industries in the early 1900s, Fredrikstad's production changed to other types of products. It later became one of Norway's most important industrial centres, famous for its large <a href="/wiki/Shipyard" title="Shipyard">shipyard</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredrikstad_Mekaniske_Verksted&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fredrikstad Mekaniske Verksted (page does not exist)">Fredrikstad Mekaniske Verksted</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredrikstad&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fredrikstad has three high schools. <a href="/wiki/Frederik_II_Upper_Secondary_School" title="Frederik II Upper Secondary School">Frederik II Upper Secondary School</a> offers general studies and financial / administrative studies. It is a merger of the former <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frydenberg_Gymnastic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frydenberg Gymnastic (page does not exist)">Frydenberg Gymnastic</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad_h%C3%B8iere_almenskole" class="extiw" title="no:Fredrikstad høiere almenskole">no</a>]</span> and Christianslund Handelsgymnasium. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glemmen_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glemmen High School (page does not exist)">Glemmen High School</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glemmen_videreg%C3%A5ende_skole" class="extiw" title="no:Glemmen videregående skole">no</a>]</span> offers professional training and study. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Toppidrett_Frederikstad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Toppidrett Frederikstad (page does not exist)">Wang Toppidrett Frederikstad</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/WANG_Toppidrett_Fredrikstad" class="extiw" title="no:WANG Toppidrett Fredrikstad">no</a>]</span> offers sports, science, languages, social sciences and economics. In addition, there is a <a href="/wiki/Waldorf_education" title="Waldorf education">Steiner</a> school, a <a href="/wiki/Private_school" title="Private school">private</a> educational alternative. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%C3%98stfold_University_College" title="Østfold University College">Østfold University College</a> offers higher education (master's and bachelor's studies) at the Academy of Performing Arts, Faculty of Health and Social Care and the Faculty of Engineering at Kråkerøy. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%98stfold_Vocational_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Østfold Vocational College (page does not exist)">Østfold Vocational College</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98stfold_fagskole" class="extiw" title="no:Østfold fagskole">no</a>]</span> offers short professional craft or technical courses. The Department of Journalism offers primarily continuing education for journalists and editors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fredrikstad_Museum">Fredrikstad Museum</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredrikstad&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fredrikstad Museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fredrikstad Museum is located in Old Fredrikstad. The museum shows the history of the city and the surrounding region. The museum also manages Elingaard Manor in Onsøy and Torgauten Fort. Fredrikstad Museum was founded in 1903. Since 2003, the museum's management has been located in Tøihuset in Old Town.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredrikstad&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fredrikstad is home to nine-time Norway football winners <a href="/wiki/Fredrikstad_FK" title="Fredrikstad FK">Fredrikstad FK</a> who play at the <a href="/wiki/Fredrikstad_Stadion" title="Fredrikstad Stadion">Fredrikstad Stadion</a>. <a href="/wiki/Egil_Olsen" title="Egil Olsen">Egil Olsen</a>, manager for the Norwegian national football team, is from Fredrikstad.<sup id="cite_ref-Olsen_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olsen-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also an American football team, the Fredrikstad Eagles. </p><p>Fredrikstad has a <a href="/wiki/REMA_1000-ligaen_(women%27s_handball)" title="REMA 1000-ligaen (women's handball)">top-division</a> handball team, <a href="/wiki/Fredrikstad_BK" title="Fredrikstad BK">Fredrikstad BK</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Eliteserien_(ice_hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eliteserien (ice hockey)">top-division</a> ice hockey team, <a href="/wiki/Stjernen_Hockey" title="Stjernen Hockey">Stjernen Hockey</a>. </p><p>The city also has a number of <a href="/wiki/Floorball" title="Floorball">floorball</a> teams, including <a href="/wiki/Slevik_IBK" title="Slevik IBK">Slevik IBK</a>, Fredrikstad IBK and St. Croix Pirates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_residents">Notable residents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredrikstad&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notable residents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_service">Public service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredrikstad&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Public service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henrik_Bjelke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Henrik_Bjelke.jpg/140px-Henrik_Bjelke.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Henrik_Bjelke.jpg/210px-Henrik_Bjelke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Henrik_Bjelke.jpg/280px-Henrik_Bjelke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="1091" /></a><figcaption>Henrik Bjelke, ca.1650</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nlc_amundsen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nlc_amundsen.jpg/140px-Nlc_amundsen.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nlc_amundsen.jpg/210px-Nlc_amundsen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nlc_amundsen.jpg/280px-Nlc_amundsen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="622" /></a><figcaption>Roald Amundsen, ca.1908</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Andriessen_Bradt" title="Albert Andriessen Bradt">Albert Andriessen Bradt</a> (ca.1607 in Fredrikstad – 1686) a Norwegian settler in <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Bjelke" class="mw-redirect" title="Henrik Bjelke">Henrik Bjelke</a> (1615 on Onsøy – 1683) a Norwegian-Danish Admiral of the Realm 1662 to 1679</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rgen_Bjelke" title="Jørgen Bjelke">Jørgen Bjelke</a> (1621 on Onsøy – 1696) an officer and nobleman from <a href="/wiki/Elingaard" class="mw-redirect" title="Elingaard">Elingaard Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Caspar_von_Cicignon" title="Johan Caspar von Cicignon">Johan Caspar von Cicignon</a> (ca.1625-1696) general and engineer, lived in Fredrikstad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Jacob_Stabel" title="Hans Jacob Stabel">Hans Jacob Stabel</a> (1769 in Onsøy – 1836) priest and rep. at <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Constituent_Assembly" title="Norwegian Constituent Assembly">Norwegian Constituent Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Nielsen_Hauge" title="Hans Nielsen Hauge">Hans Nielsen Hauge</a> (1771 in Rolvsøy – 1824) revivalist preacher for the <a href="/wiki/Hauge_Synod" title="Hauge Synod">Hauge Synod</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Wilhelm_Christian_Dietrichson" title="Johannes Wilhelm Christian Dietrichson">Johannes Wilhelm Christian Dietrichson</a> (1815 in Fredrikstad – 1883) a Lutheran Minister</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ole_Jacob_Broch" title="Ole Jacob Broch">Ole Jacob Broch</a> (1818 in Fredrikstad – 1889) physicist, economist and Govt. minister</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ole_Peter_Petersen" title="Ole Peter Petersen">Ole Peter Petersen</a> (1822 in Fredrikstad – 1901) founder of <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a> in Norway and co-founder of Norwegian and Danish Methodism in the United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katti_Anker_M%C3%B8ller" title="Katti Anker Møller">Katti Anker Møller</a> (1868–1945) feminist and advocate for reproductive rights</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieronymus_Heyerdahl_(1867%E2%80%931959)" title="Hieronymus Heyerdahl (1867–1959)">Hieronymus Heyerdahl</a> (1867 in Fredrikstad – 1959) lawyer and Mayor of Oslo, 1911 to 1914</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldemar_Ager" title="Waldemar Ager">Waldemar Ager</a> (1869 in Fredrikstad – 1941) newspaperman in <a href="/wiki/Eau_Claire,_Wisconsin" title="Eau Claire, Wisconsin">Eau Claire, Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Oscar_Smith" title="Johan Oscar Smith">Johan Oscar Smith</a> (1871 in Fredrikstad – 1943) founder of the <a href="/wiki/Brunstad_Christian_Church" title="Brunstad Christian Church">Brunstad Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Roald Amundsen</a> (1872 in Borge – 1928) a Norwegian explorer of polar regions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Anderson_(mayor)" title="Charles Anderson (mayor)">Charles Anderson</a> (1875 in Fredrikstad – 1949) Mayor of <a href="/wiki/Murray,_Utah" title="Murray, Utah">Murray, Utah</a> 1920–1923</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nils_F._Ambursen" title="Nils F. Ambursen">Nils F. Ambursen</a> (1876 in Fredrikstad – 1953) civil engineer and inventor, designed dams</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peder_Kolstad" title="Peder Kolstad">Peder Kolstad</a> (1878 in Borge – 1932) <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Norway" title="Prime Minister of Norway">Prime Minister of Norway</a>, 1931 to 1932</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brun_(officer)" title="Johannes Brun (officer)">Johannes Brun</a> (1891 in Fredrikstad – 1977) military officer and bridge champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tove_Mohr" title="Tove Mohr">Tove Mohr</a> (1891 in Thorsø – 1981) a physician, socialist and proponent for women's rights</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jens_Gram_Jr." title="Jens Gram Jr.">Jens Gram Jr.</a> (1897 in Fredrikstad – 1982) barrister and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnvald_Marensius_Gundersen" title="Ragnvald Marensius Gundersen">Ragnvald Marensius Gundersen</a> (1907 in Glemmen – 1985) Mayor of Fredrikstad 1945–1965</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolf_J%C3%B8rgen_Fuglesang" title="Rolf Jørgen Fuglesang">Rolf Jørgen Fuglesang</a> (1909 in Fredrikstad – 1988) Govt. minister in WWII for <a href="/wiki/Vidkun_Quisling" title="Vidkun Quisling">Vidkun Quisling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernt_Karsten_%C3%98ksendal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernt Karsten Øksendal">Bernt Karsten Øksendal</a> (born 1945 in Fredrikstad) a Norwegian mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svein_Aaser" title="Svein Aaser">Svein Aaser</a> (born 1946 in Fredrikstad) former CEO of <i><a href="/wiki/DnB_NOR" class="mw-redirect" title="DnB NOR">DnB NOR</a></i>, the large financial group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tore_Eriksen" title="Tore Eriksen">Tore Eriksen</a> (born 1947 in Fredrikstad) economist, diplomat and civil servant; <i>"Norway's most powerful bureaucrat"</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Kathrine_Dedichen" title="Louise Kathrine Dedichen">Louise Kathrine Dedichen</a> (born 1964 in Fredrikstad) Vice-admiral, rep. on the <a href="/wiki/NATO_Military_Committee" title="NATO Military Committee">NATO Military Committee</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredrikstad&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karsten_Andersen_1964.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Karsten_Andersen_1964.jpg/140px-Karsten_Andersen_1964.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Karsten_Andersen_1964.jpg/210px-Karsten_Andersen_1964.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Karsten_Andersen_1964.jpg/280px-Karsten_Andersen_1964.jpg 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Karsten Andersen, 1964</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Aln%C3%A6s" title="Eyvind Alnæs">Eyvind Alnæs</a> (1872 in Fredrikstad – 1932) composer, pianist, organist and choir director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Heide" title="Harald Heide">Harald Heide</a> (1876 in Fredrikstad – 1956) violinist, conductor and composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Jacob_Nilsen" title="Hans Jacob Nilsen">Hans Jacob Nilsen</a> (1897 in Fredrikstad – 1957) actor, theatre director and film director<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tore_Segelcke" title="Tore Segelcke">Tore Segelcke</a> (1901 in Fredrikstad – 1979) actress<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Herding" title="Herbert Herding">Herbert Herding</a>, stage name Herberth (1904 in Fredrikstad – 1958) revue writer, revue artist, and theater director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_L%C3%B8kkeberg" title="Georg Løkkeberg">Georg Løkkeberg</a> (1909 in Fredrikstad – 1986) actor and theatre director<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Hebler" title="Herman Hebler">Herman Hebler</a> (1911-2007) a <a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">printmaker</a> and graphic artist, lived in Fredrikstad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karsten_Andersen" title="Karsten Andersen">Karsten Andersen</a> (1920 in Fredrikstad – 1997) conductor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_D%C3%B8rumsgaard" title="Arne Dørumsgaard">Arne Dørumsgaard</a> (1921 in Fredrikstad – 2006) composer, poet and music collector</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rn_Johansen_(musician)" title="Bjørn Johansen (musician)">Bjørn Johansen</a> (1940 in Fredrikstad – 2002) an influential Norwegian jazz musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerd_Brantenberg" title="Gerd Brantenberg">Gerd Brantenberg</a> (born 1941) author, teacher and feminist writer, grew up in Fredrikstad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Mostad" title="Jon Mostad">Jon Mostad</a> (born 1942 in Fredrikstad) composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terje_Formoe" title="Terje Formoe">Terje Formoe</a> (born 1949 in Fredrikstad) singer/songwriter, actor, playwright and author<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rn_Christensen" title="Jørn Christensen">Jørn Christensen</a> (born 1959) artist, actor and record producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Storh%C3%B8i" title="Dennis Storhøi">Dennis Storhøi</a> (born 1960 in Fredrikstad) actor<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petronella_Barker_(actress,_born_1965)" title="Petronella Barker (actress, born 1965)">Petronella Barker</a> (born 1965) British-born Norwegian actress, grew up in Fredrikstad<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Zwart" title="Harald Zwart">Harald Zwart</a> (born 1965) Dutch-Norwegian film director, grew up in Fredrikstad<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_LaPlegua" title="Andy LaPlegua">Andy LaPlegua</a> (born 1975 in Fredrikstad) singer / songwriter, founded <a href="/wiki/Combichrist" title="Combichrist">Combichrist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Icon_of_Coil" title="Icon of Coil">Icon of Coil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panzer_AG" title="Panzer AG">Panzer AG</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport_2">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredrikstad&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SVA00_-_J%C3%B8rn_Andersen_6422a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/SVA00_-_J%C3%B8rn_Andersen_6422a.jpg/140px-SVA00_-_J%C3%B8rn_Andersen_6422a.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/SVA00_-_J%C3%B8rn_Andersen_6422a.jpg/210px-SVA00_-_J%C3%B8rn_Andersen_6422a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/SVA00_-_J%C3%B8rn_Andersen_6422a.jpg/280px-SVA00_-_J%C3%B8rn_Andersen_6422a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Jørn Andersen, 2015</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hoff" title="Charles Hoff">Charles Hoff</a> (1902 in Fredrikstad – 1985) athlete, coach, and sports journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_Pedersen" title="Arne Pedersen">Arne Pedersen</a> (1931 in Fredrikstad – 2013) footballer with <a href="/wiki/Fredrikstad_FK" title="Fredrikstad FK">Fredrikstad FK</a>, with 231 club caps and 40 for <a href="/wiki/Norway_national_football_team" title="Norway national football team">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roar_Johansen_(footballer)" title="Roar Johansen (footballer)">Roar Johansen</a> (1935 in Fredrikstad – 2015) footballer and manager with <a href="/wiki/Fredrikstad_FK" title="Fredrikstad FK">Fredrikstad FK</a>, with 190 club caps and 61 for <a href="/wiki/Norway_national_football_team" title="Norway national football team">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egil_Olsen" title="Egil Olsen">Egil "Drillo" Olsen</a> (born 1942 in Fredrikstad) manager of <a href="/wiki/Norway_national_football_team" title="Norway national football team">Norway national football team</a><sup id="cite_ref-Olsen_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olsen-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Per_Egil_Ahlsen" title="Per Egil Ahlsen">Per Egil Ahlsen</a> (born 1958 in Fredrikstad) footballer with 350 club caps and 54 for <a href="/wiki/Norway_national_football_team" title="Norway national football team">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Huysman" title="Harald Huysman">Harald Huysman</a> (born 1959 in Frederikstad), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rn_Andersen" title="Jørn Andersen">Jørn Andersen</a> (born 1963 in Fredrikstad) football manager with 454 club caps, 27 for <a href="/wiki/Norway_national_football_team" title="Norway national football team">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Lund_(rugby_union)" title="Erik Lund (rugby union)">Erik Lund</a> (born 1979 in Fredrikstad) former rugby union footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kari_Mette_Johansen" title="Kari Mette Johansen">Kari Mette Johansen</a> (born 1979 in Fredrikstad) team handballer, twice Olympic team champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stian_Paulsen" title="Stian Paulsen">Stian Paulsen</a> (born 1987 in Frederikstad), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabell_Herlovsen" title="Isabell Herlovsen">Isabell Herlovsen</a> (born 1988) footballer with 133 caps with <a href="/wiki/Norway_women%27s_national_football_team" title="Norway women's national football team">Norway women</a>; lives in Fredrikstad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarik_Elyounoussi" title="Tarik Elyounoussi">Tarik Elyounoussi</a> (born 1988) footballer, played for <a href="/wiki/Fredrikstad_FK" title="Fredrikstad FK">Fredrikstad FK</a>, 60 caps with <a href="/wiki/Norway_national_football_team" title="Norway national football team">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegard_Stake_Laengen" title="Vegard Stake Laengen">Vegard Stake Laengen</a> (born 1989) professional cyclist for <a href="/wiki/UAE_Team_Emirates" title="UAE Team Emirates">UAE Team Emirates</a>, lives in Fredrikstad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Solberg" title="Oliver Solberg">Oliver Solberg</a> (born 2001 in Frederikstad) Swedish-Norwegian rally driver</li></ul> <table style="float: right;" class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Number of minorities (1st and 2nd generation) in Fredrikstad by country of origin in 2021</b><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Ancestry </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Number </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></td> <td>2,348 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></td> <td>1,626 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>1,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></td> <td>893 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td> <td>813 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td>715 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia-Herzegovina</a></td> <td>667 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td> <td>548 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></td> <td>417 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></td> <td>382 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></td> <td>314 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>307 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></td> <td>291 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>277 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></td> <td>261 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></td> <td>254 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></td> <td>215 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredrikstad&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Norway" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Norway">List of twin towns and sister cities in Norway</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredrikstad&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following cities are <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with Fredrikstad:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%; background:#FFFFEF; float:left;"> <tbody><tr> <th>City </th> <th>Region </th> <th>Country </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Aalborg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Coat_of_arms_of_Aalborg.svg/22px-Coat_of_arms_of_Aalborg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Coat_of_arms_of_Aalborg.svg/33px-Coat_of_arms_of_Aalborg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Coat_of_arms_of_Aalborg.svg/44px-Coat_of_arms_of_Aalborg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="268" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Aalborg" title="Aalborg">Aalborg</a><sup id="cite_ref-Aalborg_twinnings_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aalborg_twinnings-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:House_mark_of_the_North_Jutland_Region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/House_mark_of_the_North_Jutland_Region.svg/21px-House_mark_of_the_North_Jutland_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/House_mark_of_the_North_Jutland_Region.svg/32px-House_mark_of_the_North_Jutland_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/House_mark_of_the_North_Jutland_Region.svg/42px-House_mark_of_the_North_Jutland_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/North_Denmark_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="North Denmark Region">North Denmark Region</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bygg%C3%B0amerki_Nor%C3%B0ur%C3%BEings.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bygg%C3%B0amerki_Nor%C3%B0ur%C3%BEings.svg/20px-Bygg%C3%B0amerki_Nor%C3%B0ur%C3%BEings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bygg%C3%B0amerki_Nor%C3%B0ur%C3%BEings.svg/30px-Bygg%C3%B0amerki_Nor%C3%B0ur%C3%BEings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bygg%C3%B0amerki_Nor%C3%B0ur%C3%BEings.svg/40px-Bygg%C3%B0amerki_Nor%C3%B0ur%C3%BEings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="1002" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BAsav%C3%ADk" title="Húsavík">Húsavík</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%B0ur-%C3%9Eingeyjars%C3%BDsla" class="mw-redirect" title="Suður-Þingeyjarsýsla">Suður-Þingeyjarsýsla</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kotka.vaakuna.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Kotka.vaakuna.svg/20px-Kotka.vaakuna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Kotka.vaakuna.svg/30px-Kotka.vaakuna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Kotka.vaakuna.svg/40px-Kotka.vaakuna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="575" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kotka" title="Kotka">Kotka</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kotka_twinnings_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kotka_twinnings-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kymenlaakson_maakunnan_vaakuna.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Kymenlaakson_maakunnan_vaakuna.svg/20px-Kymenlaakson_maakunnan_vaakuna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Kymenlaakson_maakunnan_vaakuna.svg/30px-Kymenlaakson_maakunnan_vaakuna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Kymenlaakson_maakunnan_vaakuna.svg/40px-Kymenlaakson_maakunnan_vaakuna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="624" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kymenlaakso" title="Kymenlaakso">Kymenlaakso</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karlskoga_kommunvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Karlskoga_kommunvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.png/20px-Karlskoga_kommunvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Karlskoga_kommunvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.png/30px-Karlskoga_kommunvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Karlskoga_kommunvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.png/40px-Karlskoga_kommunvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.png 2x" data-file-width="1434" data-file-height="1666" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Karlskoga_Municipality" title="Karlskoga Municipality">Karlskoga</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%96rebro_l%C3%A4nsvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/%C3%96rebro_l%C3%A4nsvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.png/20px-%C3%96rebro_l%C3%A4nsvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/%C3%96rebro_l%C3%A4nsvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.png/30px-%C3%96rebro_l%C3%A4nsvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/%C3%96rebro_l%C3%A4nsvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.png/40px-%C3%96rebro_l%C3%A4nsvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.png 2x" data-file-width="1441" data-file-height="1693" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96rebro_County" title="Örebro County">Örebro</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Patz%C3%BAn" title="Patzún">Patzún</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala"><img alt="Guatemala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chimaltenango_Department" title="Chimaltenango Department">Chimaltenango</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Mart%C3%ADn_Jilotepeque" title="San Martín Jilotepeque">San Martín Jilotepeque</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala"><img alt="Guatemala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chimaltenango_Department" title="Chimaltenango Department">Chimaltenango</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredrikstad&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norsk_Teknisk_Porselen" title="Norsk Teknisk Porselen">Norsk Teknisk Porselen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredrikstad&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredrikstad&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lovdata.no/dokument/SF/forskrift/2019-12-20-2114?q=m%C3%A5lvedtak">"Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar"</a> (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forskrift+om+m%C3%A5lvedtak+i+kommunar+og+fylkeskommunar&rft.pub=Lovdata.no&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flovdata.no%2Fdokument%2FSF%2Fforskrift%2F2019-12-20-2114%3Fq%3Dm%25C3%25A5lvedtak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFredrikstad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBolstadThorsnæs2023" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (26 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/kommunenummer">"Kommunenummer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" class="mw-redirect" title="Store norske leksikon">Store norske leksikon</a></i> (in Norwegian). <a href="/wiki/Kunnskapsforlaget" title="Kunnskapsforlaget">Kunnskapsforlaget</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kommunenummer&rft.btitle=Store+norske+leksikon&rft.pub=Kunnskapsforlaget&rft.date=2023-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsnl.no%2Fkommunenummer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFredrikstad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vg.no/i/gM8W1">"Fredrikstad kåret til Norges mest attraktive by"</a>. <i>vg.no</i> (in Norwegian Bokmål)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vg.no&rft.atitle=Fredrikstad+k%C3%A5ret+til+Norges+mest+attraktive+by&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vg.no%2Fi%2FgM8W1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFredrikstad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorske_Kommunevåpen1990" class="citation web cs1">Norske Kommunevåpen (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ngw.nl/int/nor/f/fredriks.htm">"Nye kommunevåbener i Norden"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nye+kommunev%C3%A5bener+i+Norden&rft.date=1990&rft.au=Norske+Kommunev%C3%A5pen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngw.nl%2Fint%2Fnor%2Ff%2Ffredriks.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFredrikstad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ostfoldmuseene.no/museene/fredrikstad_museum/"><i>Fredrikstad museum</i> (Østfoldmuseene Org)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150403080018/http://ostfoldmuseene.no/museene/fredrikstad_museum/">Archived</a> 3 April 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olsen-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Olsen_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Olsen_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/l/l98779.html">"Olsen: Manager"</a>. <i>BDFutbol</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BDFutbol&rft.atitle=Olsen%3A+Manager&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bdfutbol.com%2Fen%2Fl%2Fl98779.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFredrikstad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Hauge, Hans Nielsen"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hauge,_Hans_Nielsen">"Hauge, Hans Nielsen" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 65–66.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hauge%2C+Hans+Nielsen&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=65-66&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFredrikstad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKari_Gaarder_Losnedahl2010" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kari Gaarder Losnedahl (16 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nbl.snl.no/Hans_Jacob_Nilsen">"Hans Jacob Nilsen"</a>. <i>Norsk biografisk leksikon</i> (in Norwegian) – via Store norske leksikon.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Norsk+biografisk+leksikon&rft.atitle=Hans+Jacob+Nilsen&rft.date=2010-12-16&rft.au=Kari+Gaarder+Losnedahl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnbl.snl.no%2FHans_Jacob_Nilsen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFredrikstad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLillian_Bikset2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lillian Bikset (20 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/Tore_Segelcke">"Tore Segelcke"</a>. <i>Store norske leksikon</i> (in Norwegian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Store+norske+leksikon&rft.atitle=Tore+Segelcke&rft.date=2020-11-20&rft.au=Lillian+Bikset&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsnl.no%2FTore_Segelcke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFredrikstad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOskar_HenriksenAnne_Eilertsen2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Oskar Henriksen; Anne Eilertsen; et al. 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(6 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/Terje_Formoe">"Terje Formoe"</a>. <i>Store norske leksikon</i> (in Norwegian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Store+norske+leksikon&rft.atitle=Terje+Formoe&rft.date=2019-06-06&rft.au=Anne+Marit+Godal&rft.au=Ida+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsnl.no%2FTerje_Formoe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFredrikstad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRainer_Prang2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rainer Prang (28 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrk.no/osloogviken/dennis-til-morgenstudio-1.6628980">"Dennis til morgenstudio"</a> (in Norwegian). NRK<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dennis+til+morgenstudio&rft.date=2009-05-28&rft.au=Rainer+Prang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrk.no%2Fosloogviken%2Fdennis-til-morgenstudio-1.6628980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFredrikstad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElisabeth_Skovly2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Elisabeth Skovly (12 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.f-b.no/kjendisen-fra-krakeroy/x/5-59-1049167">"Kjendisen Fra Kråkerøy"</a>. <i>Fredrikstad Blad</i> (interview) (in Norwegian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fredrikstad+Blad&rft.atitle=Kjendisen+Fra+Kr%C3%A5ker%C3%B8y&rft.date=2018-03-12&rft.au=Elisabeth+Skovly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.f-b.no%2Fkjendisen-fra-krakeroy%2Fx%2F5-59-1049167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFredrikstad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunnar_Iversen2009" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gunnar Iversen (13 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nbl.snl.no/Harald_Zwart">"Harald Zwart"</a>. <i>Norsk biografisk leksikon</i> (in Norwegian) – via Store norske leksikon.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Norsk+biografisk+leksikon&rft.atitle=Harald+Zwart&rft.date=2009-02-13&rft.au=Gunnar+Iversen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnbl.snl.no%2FHarald_Zwart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFredrikstad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/selectvarval/Define.asp?subjectcode=&ProductId=&MainTable=FolkInnvkatLand&nvl=&PLanguage=1&nyTmpVar=true&CMSSubjectArea=befolkning&KortNavnWeb=innvbef&StatVariant=&checked=true">"Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, by immigration category, country background and percentages of the population"</a>. ssb.no<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Immigrants+and+Norwegian-born+to+immigrant+parents%2C+by+immigration+category%2C+country+background+and+percentages+of+the+population&rft.pub=ssb.no&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssb.no%2Fstatistikkbanken%2Fselectvarval%2FDefine.asp%3Fsubjectcode%3D%26ProductId%3D%26MainTable%3DFolkInnvkatLand%26nvl%3D%26PLanguage%3D1%26nyTmpVar%3Dtrue%26CMSSubjectArea%3Dbefolkning%26KortNavnWeb%3Dinnvbef%26StatVariant%3D%26checked%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFredrikstad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071201063451/http://www.fredrikstad.kommune.no/Om-kommunen/Vare-vennskapskommuner/">"Våre vennskapsbyer"</a> (in Norwegian). Fredrikstad kommune. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fredrikstad.kommune.no/Om-kommunen/Vare-vennskapskommuner/">the original</a> on 1 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=V%C3%A5re+vennskapsbyer&rft.pub=Fredrikstad+kommune&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fredrikstad.kommune.no%2FOm-kommunen%2FVare-vennskapskommuner%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFredrikstad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aalborg_twinnings-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aalborg_twinnings_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130907145357/http://www.europeprize.net/en/?page_id=5">"Aalborg Twin Towns"</a>. Europeprize.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europeprize.net/en/?page_id=5">the original</a> on 7 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aalborg+Twin+Towns&rft.pub=Europeprize.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeprize.net%2Fen%2F%3Fpage_id%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFredrikstad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kotka_twinnings-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kotka_twinnings_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaino_Hassinen" class="citation web cs1">Raino Hassinen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170629023313/http://www.kotka.fi/alltypes.asp?d_type=5&menu_id=2746&menupath=2746#aa2746">"Kotka – International co-operation: Twin Cities"</a>. City of Kotka. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kotka.fi/alltypes.asp?d_type=5&menu_id=2746&menupath=2746#aa2746">the original</a> on 29 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kotka+%E2%80%93+International+co-operation%3A+Twin+Cities&rft.pub=City+of+Kotka&rft.au=Raino+Hassinen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kotka.fi%2Falltypes.asp%3Fd_type%3D5%26menu_id%3D2746%26menupath%3D2746%23aa2746&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFredrikstad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredrikstad&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><i>Aschehougs Konversasjonsleksikon</i>, Volume 7. Oslo: H. Aschehoug & Co, 1969. <span class="languageicon">(in Norwegian)</span>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredrikstad&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fredrikstad_(city)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fredrikstad (city)">Fredrikstad</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Fredrikstad</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/29px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Fredrikstad" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Fredrikstad">Definitions</a></b> from Wiktionary</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" class="extiw" title="c:Fredrikstad">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Fredrikstad" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Fredrikstad">Texts</a></b> from Wikisource</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Fredrikstad" class="extiw" title="voy:Fredrikstad">Travel guides</a></b> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bradt-family-society.weebly.com/">Bratt Family from Fredrikstad</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Østfold_county,_Norway" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%C3%98stfold" title="Template:Østfold"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%C3%98stfold" title="Template talk:Østfold"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:%C3%98stfold" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Østfold"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Østfold_county,_Norway" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%98stfold" title="Østfold">Østfold</a> county, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Main article: <a href="/wiki/%C3%98stfold" title="Østfold">Østfold</a></li> <li>Capital: <a href="/wiki/Sarpsborg_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarpsborg (town)">Sarpsborg</a></li> <li>County government: <a href="/wiki/%C3%98stfold_County_Municipality" title="Østfold County Municipality">Østfold County Municipality</a></li> <li>County lists: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_county_governors_of_Oslo_og_Viken" class="mw-redirect" title="List of county governors of Oslo og Viken">County Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_%C3%98stfold" title="List of villages in Østfold">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_churches_in_Borg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of churches in Borg (page does not exist)">Churches</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%98stfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%C3%98stfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg/80px-%C3%98stfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%C3%98stfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg/120px-%C3%98stfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%C3%98stfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg/160px-%C3%98stfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="230" /></a></span></div></td><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_cities_in_Norway" title="List of towns and cities in Norway">Towns and cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarpsborg_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarpsborg (town)">Sarpsborg</a> (1016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredrikstad_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fredrikstad (town)">Fredrikstad</a> (1567)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halden_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Halden (town)">Halden</a> (1665)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moss_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moss (town)">Moss</a> (1720)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askim" title="Askim">Askim</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysen" title="Mysen">Mysen</a> (1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Norway" title="List of municipalities of Norway">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ytre_%C3%98stfold" title="Ytre Østfold">Ytre Østfold</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fredrikstad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halden" title="Halden">Halden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hvaler" title="Hvaler">Hvaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moss,_Norway" title="Moss, Norway">Moss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A5de" title="Råde">Råde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarpsborg" title="Sarpsborg">Sarpsborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5ler,_Viken" class="mw-redirect" title="Våler, Viken">Våler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indre_%C3%98stfold" title="Indre Østfold">Indre Østfold</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aremark" title="Aremark">Aremark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indre_%C3%98stfold_(municipality)" title="Indre Østfold (municipality)">Indre Østfold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marker,_Norway" title="Marker, Norway">Marker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakkestad" title="Rakkestad">Rakkestad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skiptvet" title="Skiptvet">Skiptvet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Former_Municipalities_in_Østfold" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><small><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_municipalities_of_Norway" title="List of former municipalities of Norway">Former Municipalities in Østfold</a></small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Askim" title="Askim">Askim</a> (1838-2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berg,_%C3%98stfold" title="Berg, Østfold">Berg</a> (1838-1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borge,_%C3%98stfold" title="Borge, Østfold">Borge</a> (1838-1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degernes" title="Degernes">Degernes</a> (1917-1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eidsberg" title="Eidsberg">Eidsberg</a> (1838-2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glemmen" title="Glemmen">Glemmen</a> (1838-1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hob%C3%B8l" title="Hobøl">Hobøl</a> (1838-2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idd" title="Idd">Idd</a> (1838-1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jel%C3%B8y" title="Jeløy">Jeløy</a> (1838-1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%A5ker%C3%B8y" title="Kråkerøy">Kråkerøy</a> (1908-1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysen" title="Mysen">Mysen</a> (1920-1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ons%C3%B8y" title="Onsøy">Onsøy</a> (1838-1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8mskog" title="Rømskog">Rømskog</a> (1902-2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolvs%C3%B8y" title="Rolvsøy">Rolvsøy</a> (1911-1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rygge" title="Rygge">Rygge</a> (1838-2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8denes" title="Rødenes">Rødenes</a> (1838-1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skjeberg" title="Skjeberg">Skjeberg</a> (1838-1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spydeberg" title="Spydeberg">Spydeberg</a> (1838-2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torsnes" title="Torsnes">Torsnes</a> (1910-1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B8gstad" title="Trøgstad">Trøgstad</a> (1838-2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tune,_Norway" title="Tune, Norway">Tune</a> (1838-1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varteig" title="Varteig">Varteig</a> (1861-1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98ymark" title="Øymark">Øymark</a> (1903-1964)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Most_populous_urban_areas_of_Norway" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Most_populous_urban_areas_of_Norway" title="Template:Most populous urban areas of Norway"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Most_populous_urban_areas_of_Norway" title="Template talk:Most populous urban areas of Norway"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Most_populous_urban_areas_of_Norway" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Most populous urban areas of Norway"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Most_populous_urban_areas_of_Norway" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_Norway_by_population" title="List of urban areas in Norway by population">Most populous urban areas of Norway</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>As of 1 January 2023, according to <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Norway" title="Statistics Norway">Statistics Norway</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/beftett/aar">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"><div><ol><li><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a> (1,082,575)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a> (269,548)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Stavanger_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stavanger (city)">Stavanger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sandnes_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandnes (town)">Sandnes</a> (234,757)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Trondheim_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trondheim (city)">Trondheim</a> (196,948)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Drammen_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drammen (town)">Drammen</a> (122,955)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Fredrikstad_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fredrikstad (town)">Fredrikstad</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sarpsborg_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarpsborg (town)">Sarpsborg</a> (120,332)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Porsgrunn_(town)" title="Porsgrunn (town)">Porsgrunn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Skien_(town)" title="Skien (town)">Skien</a> (95,793)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Kristiansand_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristiansand (town)">Kristiansand</a> (66,576)</li><li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B8nsberg_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tønsberg (town)">Tønsberg</a> (55,387)</li><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85lesund_(town)" title="Ålesund (town)">Ålesund</a> (55,386)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Moss_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moss (town)">Moss</a> (49,428)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Sandefjord_(town)" title="Sandefjord (town)">Sandefjord</a> (46,453)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Haugesund_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haugesund (town)">Haugesund</a> (46,359)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Arendal_(town)" title="Arendal (town)">Arendal</a> (44,856)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Bod%C3%B8_(town)" title="Bodø (town)">Bodø</a> (42,831)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Troms%C3%B8_(city)" title="Tromsø (city)">Tromsø</a> (41,915)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Hamar" title="Hamar">Hamar</a> (29,605)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Gj%C3%B8vik_(town)" title="Gjøvik (town)">Gjøvik</a> (28,494)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Larvik_(town)" title="Larvik (town)">Larvik</a> (27,136)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Halden_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Halden (town)">Halden</a> (26,126)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ask%C3%B8y" title="Askøy">Askøy</a> (24,280)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Jessheim" title="Jessheim">Jessheim</a> (23,918)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Kongsberg_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongsberg (town)">Kongsberg</a> (23,529)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Molde_(town)" title="Molde (town)">Molde</a> (21,854)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ski,_Norway" title="Ski, Norway">Ski</a> (21,434)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Harstad_(town)" title="Harstad (town)">Harstad</a> (21,289)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Lillehammer_(town)" title="Lillehammer (town)">Lillehammer</a> (21,263)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Horten_(town)" title="Horten (town)">Horten</a> (20,859)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Korsvik" title="Korsvik">Korsvik</a> (19,405)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mo_i_Rana" title="Mo i Rana">Mo i Rana</a> (18,755)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Tromsdalen" title="Tromsdalen">Tromsdalen</a> (18,202)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Kristiansund_(town)" title="Kristiansund (town)">Kristiansund</a> (18,103)</li><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B8nefoss" title="Hønefoss">Hønefoss</a> (16,844)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Alta_(town)" title="Alta (town)">Alta</a> (15,931)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Elverum_(town)" title="Elverum (town)">Elverum</a> (15,632)</li><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A5holt" title="Råholt">Råholt</a> (15,319)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Askim" title="Askim">Askim</a> (15,089)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Os%C3%B8yro" title="Osøyro">Osøyro</a> (14,621)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Leirvik" title="Leirvik">Leirvik</a> (14,507)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Grimstad_(town)" title="Grimstad (town)">Grimstad</a> (14,390)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Narvik_(town)" title="Narvik (town)">Narvik</a> (14,051)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Vennesla_(village)" title="Vennesla (village)">Vennesla</a> (13,803)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B8bak" title="Drøbak">Drøbak</a> (13,628)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Stj%C3%B8rdalshalsen" title="Stjørdalshalsen">Stjørdalshalsen</a> (13,596)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Nesoddtangen" title="Nesoddtangen">Nesoddtangen</a> (13,363)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Bryne" title="Bryne">Bryne</a> (13,151)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Steinkjer_(town)" title="Steinkjer (town)">Steinkjer</a> (12,929)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Kongsvinger_(town)" title="Kongsvinger (town)">Kongsvinger</a> (12,338)</li></ol></div></div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="909" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107135#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107135#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107135#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4228697-9">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/d7916885-2577-4bcc-ae7b-52f2e93df949">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fredrikstad&oldid=1252769217">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fredrikstad&oldid=1252769217</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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title="Category:Populated places established in 1567">Populated places established in 1567</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1567_establishments_in_Norway" title="Category:1567 establishments in Norway">1567 establishments in Norway</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Frederick_II_of_Denmark" title="Category:Frederick II of Denmark">Frederick II of Denmark</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a 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