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href="#Geografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istoric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istoric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Istoric</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Istoric-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Istoric subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Istoric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Conflictul_din_Cașmir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflictul_din_Cașmir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Conflictul din Cașmir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflictul_din_Cașmir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galerie_de_imagini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galerie_de_imagini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Galerie de imagini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galerie_de_imagini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cașmir</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 106 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-106" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">106 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasjmir" title="Kasjmir – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kasjmir" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caixmir" title="Caixmir – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Caixmir" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascmir" title="Cascmir – engleză veche" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cascmir" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="engleză veche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="कश्मीर – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कश्मीर" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="كشمير – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كشمير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%99%C5%9Fmir" title="Kəşmir – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kəşmir" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="کشمیر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کشمیر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Кәшмир – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кәшмир" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80" title="Кашмір – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кашмір" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80" title="Кашмір – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кашмір" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Кашмир – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="काश्मीर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="काश्मीर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0" title="কাশ্মীর – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাশ্মীর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97" title="কাশ্মির লয়াগ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="কাশ্মির লয়াগ" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kachmir" title="Kachmir – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kachmir" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1mir" title="Kašmir – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kašmir" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caixmir" title="Caixmir – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Caixmir" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="کەشمیر – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کەشمیر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1m%C3%ADr" title="Kašmír – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kašmír" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaschmir" title="Kaschmir – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kaschmir" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C5%9Fmir" title="Keşmir – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Keşmir" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%AF%CF%81" title="Κασμίρ – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κασμίρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%9Dmiro" title="Kaŝmiro – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kaŝmiro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cachemira_(regi%C3%B3n)" title="Cachemira (región) – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cachemira (región)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaxmir" title="Kaxmir – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kaxmir" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="کشمیر – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کشمیر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cachemire" title="Cachemire – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cachemire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaschmir" title="Kaschmir – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kaschmir" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Chaism%C3%ADr" title="An Chaismír – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chaismír" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caxemira" title="Caxemira – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Caxemira" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B0" title="કાશ્મીર – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કાશ્મીર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A8" title="קשמיר – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קשמיר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="कश्मीर – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कश्मीर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1mir" title="Kašmir – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kašmir" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasm%C3%ADr_(r%C3%A9gi%C3%B3)" title="Kasmír (régió) – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kasmír (régió)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%B4%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Քաշմիր – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քաշմիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasm%C3%ADr" title="Kasmír – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kasmír" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="カシミール – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カシミール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasmira" title="Kasmira – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kasmira" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ქაშმირი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქაშმირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Кашмир – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B0" title="ಕಾಶ್ಮೀರ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾಶ್ಮೀರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%88%EB%AF%B8%EB%A5%B4" title="카슈미르 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카슈미르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%94%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%B1" title="کٔشیٖر – cașmiră" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کٔشیٖر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cașmiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C5%9Fm%C3%AEr" title="Keşmîr – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Keşmîr" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casmiria" title="Casmiria – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Casmiria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaschmir" title="Kaschmir – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kaschmir" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1myras" title="Kašmyras – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kašmyras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1m%C4%ABra" title="Kašmīra – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kašmīra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Кашмир – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BC" title="കശ്മീർ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കശ്മീർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Кашмир – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="काश्‍मीर – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="काश्‍मीर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="کشمیر – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کشمیر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaschmir" title="Kaschmir – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kaschmir" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="कश्मीर – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कश्मीर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A9%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE)" title="काष्मीर् (सन् २००३या संकिपा) – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="काष्मीर् (सन् २००३या संकिपा)" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_en_Kasjmir_(gebied)" title="Jammu en Kasjmir (gebied) – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jammu en Kasjmir (gebied)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cashmir" title="Cashmir – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cashmir" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%B0" title="କାଶ୍ମୀର – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କାଶ୍ମୀର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0" title="ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaszmir_(region)" title="Kaszmir (region) – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kaszmir (region)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="کشمیر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کشمیر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="کشمير – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کشمير" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caxemira" title="Caxemira – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caxemira" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Кашмир – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="ڪشمير – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪشمير" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1mir" title="Kašmir – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kašmir" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmiri" title="Kashmiri – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kashmiri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Кашмир – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="காஷ்மீர் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காஷ்மீர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="కశ్మీర్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కశ్మీర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Кашмир – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="กัศมีร์ – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กัศมีร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1mir" title="Kašmir – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kašmir" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C5%9Fmir" title="Keşmir – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Keşmir" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Кәшмир – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кәшмир" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%DB%95%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%89%D8%B1" title="كەشمىر – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كەشمىر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80" title="Кашмір – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кашмір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="کشمیر – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کشمیر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E4%BB%80%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94" title="克什米尔 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="克什米尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ქაშმირი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქაშმირი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E4%BB%80%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94" title="克什米尔 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="克什米尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kashmir" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE" title="喀什米爾 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="喀什米爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43100#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ca%C8%99mir"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C8%99mir&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C8%99mir&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C8%99mir&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Ca%C8%99mir" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Ca%C8%99mir" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C8%99mir&oldid=16450356" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C8%99mir&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Ca%C8%99mir&id=16450356&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCa%25C8%2599mir"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCa%25C8%2599mir"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Ca%C8%99mir"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ca%C8%99mir&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C8%99mir&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43100" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16501920">.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0px 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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.ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}</style><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-content ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/50px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/75px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/100px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Acest articol sau această secțiune are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor">bibliografia</a> incompletă sau inexistentă.</b><br /> Puteți contribui prin adăugarea de referințe în vederea <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilitate" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilitate">susținerii bibliografice</a> a afirmațiilor pe care le conține.<span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div role="note" class="dezambiguizare">Pentru un material textil, vedeți <a href="/wiki/Ca%C8%99mir_(material)" title="Cașmir (material)">Cașmir (material)</a>.</div> <table class="infocaseta" style="border-spacing:0;font-size:88%;padding:0;line-height:1.5em"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet harta" style="height:41px">Cașmir</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow infocaseta_subheader"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color:var(--color-base, #000)">—  <b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15239622" class="extiw" title="d:Q15239622">teritoriu disputat</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teritoriu_disputat_(teritoriu,_ce_statut_este_controversat_%C3%AEntre_dou%C4%83_sau_mai_multe_state_existente)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teritoriu disputat (teritoriu, ce statut este controversat între două sau mai multe state existente) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span></b>  —</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0.7em 0.8em 0.7em 0.8em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Pahalgam_Valley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Pahalgam_Valley.jpg/290px-Pahalgam_Valley.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Pahalgam_Valley.jpg/435px-Pahalgam_Valley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Pahalgam_Valley.jpg/580px-Pahalgam_Valley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6745" data-file-height="3762" /></a></span><br /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" align="center"><div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tnone center"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 290px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 290px; height: 245px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="245" data-zoom="4" data-lat="30.35" data-lon="70.5" data-overlays="["_22f5792f159bedf16e4be27cf7cf8d0a145eaaba"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/4/30.35/70.5/ro"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,30.35,70.5,290x245.png?lang=ro&domain=ro.wikipedia.org&title=Ca%C8%99mir&revid=16450356&groups=_22f5792f159bedf16e4be27cf7cf8d0a145eaaba" width="290" height="245" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,30.35,70.5,290x245@2x.png?lang=ro&domain=ro.wikipedia.org&title=Ca%C8%99mir&revid=16450356&groups=_22f5792f159bedf16e4be27cf7cf8d0a145eaaba 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div><div>Cașmir (Pakistan)</div>Poziția geografică în Pakistan</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:small;padding-bottom:0.7em">Coordonate: <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/16/34.5/76/ro" data-zoom="16" data-lat="34.5" data-lon="76" data-overlays="["_34536a6367ad433cf6c9951281f84afed3ee1036"]">34°30′N 76°00′E</a><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">{{PAGENAME}}</span>)</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/16/34.5/76/ro" data-zoom="16" data-lat="34.5" data-lon="76" data-overlays="["_34536a6367ad433cf6c9951281f84afed3ee1036"]">34.5°N 76°E</a></span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><hr /></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th><a href="/wiki/%C8%9A%C4%83rile_lumii" class="mw-redirect" title="Țările lumii">Țară</a></th><th class="adr"><span class="country-name"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><hr /></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2"><b>Populație</b> (1941)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th> - Total</th><td>3.945.000 locuitori</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="mergedtoprow" style="text-align:center"><b>Prezență online</b> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/14101768">OpenStreetMap relation</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43100#P402" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><hr /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0.7em 0.8em 0.7em 0.8em;align:center;margin:0 auto"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Kashmir_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Poziția localității Cașmir"><img alt="Poziția localității Cașmir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Kashmir_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/290px-Kashmir_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Kashmir_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/435px-Kashmir_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Kashmir_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/580px-Kashmir_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>Poziția localității Cașmir</figcaption></figure>Poziția localității Cașmir</td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #dddddd solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43100" class="extiw" title="d:Q43100">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ca%C8%99mir&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_A%C8%99ezare" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513781">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infocaseta_subheader{background:var(--background-color-disabled-subtle,#ddd)}.mw-parser-output .infocaseta .antet{height:41px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;font-size:150%;font-weight:bolder;line-height:1.2em;color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .porecla{color:var(--color-base,#000)!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .porecla{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .porecla{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}}</style> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Kashmir_region_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Kashmir_region_2004.jpg/200px-Kashmir_region_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Kashmir_region_2004.jpg/300px-Kashmir_region_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Kashmir_region_2004.jpg/400px-Kashmir_region_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1579" data-file-height="1567" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hart%C4%83" title="Hartă">Hartă</a> (2004)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:KashmirVale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/KashmirVale.jpg/200px-KashmirVale.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/KashmirVale.jpg/300px-KashmirVale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/KashmirVale.jpg/400px-KashmirVale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Talmarg (India)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Cașmir</b> (<a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">devanagari</a>: <span lang="hi" style="font-style:italic">कश्मीर</span>, <a href="/wiki/Urdu" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu">urdu</a>: کشمیر, <span title="Alfabetul Internațional pentru Transliterarea Sanscritei" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Kaśmīr</span>, sau <i>Kașmir</i>) este o regiune controversată în <a href="/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya">Himalaya</a>, între <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> și <a href="/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Chinez%C4%83" title="Republica Populară Chineză">China</a>, fost principat. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie">Geografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C8%99mir&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Geografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C8%99mir&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Geografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Jammu_and_Kashmir_in_India_(de-facto)_(disputed_hatched).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Jammu_and_Kashmir_in_India_%28de-facto%29_%28disputed_hatched%29.svg/200px-Jammu_and_Kashmir_in_India_%28de-facto%29_%28disputed_hatched%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Jammu_and_Kashmir_in_India_%28de-facto%29_%28disputed_hatched%29.svg/300px-Jammu_and_Kashmir_in_India_%28de-facto%29_%28disputed_hatched%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Jammu_and_Kashmir_in_India_%28de-facto%29_%28disputed_hatched%29.svg/400px-Jammu_and_Kashmir_in_India_%28de-facto%29_%28disputed_hatched%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1615" /></a><figcaption>Partea Indiei din Cașmir <a href="/wiki/Jammu_%C5%9Fi_Ca%C5%9Fmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu şi Caşmir">Jammu și Cașmir</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Până în 2019 Casmir, situat în Himalaya, era divizat în <a href="/wiki/State_%C8%99i_teritorii_ale_Indiei" title="State și teritorii ale Indiei">statul federal</a> indian <a href="/wiki/Jammu_%C8%99i_Ca%C8%99mir" title="Jammu și Cașmir">Jammu și Cașmir</a>, cu 101.387 km² și 10,1 milioane locuitori, regiunea <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilgit-Baltistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilgit-Baltistan — pagină inexistentă">Gilgit-Baltistan</a> din Pakistan și regiunea semi-autonomă pakistaneză <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azad_Jammu_%C8%99i_Ca%C8%99mir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azad Jammu și Cașmir — pagină inexistentă">Azad Cașmir</a> cu un total de 83.888 km² și cca. 5 milioane de locuitori precum și unele zone din <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China </a> (inclusiv <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aksai_Chin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aksai Chin — pagină inexistentă">Aksai Chin</a>) cu 36.991 km² și câteva mii de locuitori. </p><p>Suprafața totală a Cașmirului este de aproximativ 222.000 km². În prezent partea indiană este împărțită în două teritorii unionale <a href="/wiki/Jammu_%C8%99i_Ca%C8%99mir_(teritoriu_unional)" title="Jammu și Cașmir (teritoriu unional)">Jammu și Kașmir</a> și <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a> cu un total de 22 de districte. Cea mai mare diviziune a Cașmirului indian este Ladakh. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geologie">Geologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C8%99mir&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Geologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C8%99mir&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Geologie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Regiunea este situată pe o zonă de fractură lată de 200 km între <a href="/wiki/Tectonica_pl%C4%83cilor" title="Tectonica plăcilor">placa</a> continentală indiană și eurasiatică. În anul 2005 a avut loc în Cașmir (<a href="/wiki/Hindukush" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindukush">Hindukush</a>) un <a href="/wiki/Cutremur" title="Cutremur">cutremur</a> cu intensitatea de 7,6 pe scara Richter, provocând un număr de victime 84.000 în Pakistan, 1.300 în India. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istoric">Istoric</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C8%99mir&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istoric" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C8%99mir&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Istoric"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cașmirul își trage obârșia din Valea Cașmirului împreună cu centrul comercial Srinagar (Sanskrit, श्रीनगर, Śrīnagar, Shrinagar) fiind în prezent centrul administrativ (894.940 locuitori) a statului indian <a href="/wiki/Jammu_%C8%99i_Ca%C8%99mir" title="Jammu și Cașmir">Jammu și Cașmir</a> din vestul <a href="/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya">Himalaya</a>. În regiunea muntoasă a regiunii prehimalayane se află o ramificație din <a href="/wiki/Drumul_M%C4%83t%C4%83sii" class="mw-redirect" title="Drumul Mătăsii">Drumul Mătăsii</a> care lega Asia orientală, centrală și sudică. Azi este, la fel ca în <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XIII-lea" title="Secolul al XIII-lea">secolul al XIII-lea</a>, regiunea de intersecție a religiilor budiste, hinduiste și, din ce în ce mai puternic, musulmane.<br />Între anii 1846 - 1947 regiunea Cașmir a fost un principat Dogra-Maharaja semiautonom, sub dominație britanică, cu o populație majoritatea musulmană mai ales în nord, în sud hinduistă și în est budistă. Această divizare a regiunii din punct de vedere religios a dus la mișcări de protest musulmane în <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a> împotriva prințului (Maharaja) care a fost în cele din urmă înăbușită în sânge. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conflictul_din_Cașmir"><span id="Conflictul_din_Ca.C8.99mir"></span>Conflictul din Cașmir</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C8%99mir&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Conflictul din Cașmir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C8%99mir&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Conflictul din Cașmir"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Kaschmir_umstrittene_Gebiete.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Kaschmir_umstrittene_Gebiete.PNG/200px-Kaschmir_umstrittene_Gebiete.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Kaschmir_umstrittene_Gebiete.PNG/300px-Kaschmir_umstrittene_Gebiete.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Kaschmir_umstrittene_Gebiete.PNG/400px-Kaschmir_umstrittene_Gebiete.PNG 2x" data-file-width="869" data-file-height="686" /></a><figcaption>Teritorii controversate in Kashmir</figcaption></figure> <p>Conflictele existente azi în Cașmir sunt motivate prin cuceririle făcute în <a href="/wiki/1819" title="1819">1819</a> de către Sikhs (o comunitate războinică religioasă din regiunea Punjab (țara celor 5 ape) din nordul Indiei) pe de o parte, iar pe de altă parte prin împărțirea în anul 1947 a Indiei formând două state Pakistan și India din timpul colonialismului englez neținând seama de originea etnică și religioasă diferită a populației musulmane și hinduse. Cașmirul rămâne după împărțirea britanică la început independent, sub conducerea prințului Hari Singh, devine însă după o perioadă scurtă mărul discordiei determinând un conflict <a href="/wiki/Militar" title="Militar">militar</a> între India și Pakistan. După invazia Cașmirului de către Pakistan, sprijină populația musulmană rebeliunea contra prințului (maharaja). În octombrie 1947 intră trupe masive din India în Cașmir ca urmare a cererii de ajutor a prințului. Pakistanul nu acceptă intervenția Indiei în conflict astfel dintr-un conflict religios hindu-musulman se ajunge la un conflict politic între cele două state. Acest conflict escaladează, astfel că între anii 1947 - 1949 se ajunge la primul război indo-pakistanez, care prin mediere <a href="/wiki/ONU" class="mw-redirect" title="ONU">ONU</a> duce la împărțirea Cașmirului. După acest război două treimi revin Indiei fiind numit districtul <i>Jammu și Kașmir</i>, iar restul nordul Cașmirului, Asad Kașmir și Northern Area (provinciile de nord) revin Pakistanului. Linia de graniță dintre cele două părți („Line of Control“) are o lungime de 750 km fiind sub mandat <a href="/wiki/ONU" class="mw-redirect" title="ONU">ONU</a> neputându-se ajunge la un compromis între India și Pakistan.<br />Pe lângă India și Pakistan se alătură și China de partea Pakistanului în acest conflict (sprijinit de <a href="/wiki/URSS" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">URSS</a>) prin intrarea trupelor chineze (1956 și 1962) în estul Cașmirului ocupând platoul Aksai-Chin și preia de la Pakistan <a href="/wiki/K2" title="K2">K2</a> . <br />Pakistanul pretinde teritoriul din Cașmir unde locuiește majoritatea musulmană, aceasta nefiind acceptat de India se ajunge la al doilea război indo-pakistanez (august - septembrie 1965) războiul se încheie fără modificarea granițelor inițiale. Urmează o serie de conflicte militare ca războiul Kargil 1999, acest conflict fiind deosebit de important pentru situația internațională prin faptul că ambele state India și Pakistanul dețin deja arma nucleară, conflictul prin mediere internațională va fi aplanat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economie">Economie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C8%99mir&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Economie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C8%99mir&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Economie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Pashmina-schals_orig.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Pashmina-schals_orig.jpg/220px-Pashmina-schals_orig.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Pashmina-schals_orig.jpg/330px-Pashmina-schals_orig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Pashmina-schals_orig.jpg/440px-Pashmina-schals_orig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1958" data-file-height="1469" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pashmina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pashmina — pagină inexistentă">Pashmina</a>-Șal din <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Lână">lână</a> Cașmir și <a href="/wiki/M%C4%83tase" title="Mătase">mătase</a>, produs în <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></figcaption></figure> <p>După <a href="/wiki/Nume" title="Nume">numele</a> regiunii a fost denumită lâna de Cașmir, care se obține la sfârșitul iernii prin pieptănatul caprei de Cașmir (originară din <a href="/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya">Himalaya</a> și <a href="/wiki/Pamir" title="Pamir">Pamir</a>) obținându-se 150 de grame/animal, alese cu mâna, lâna cu firul lung, subțire și de culoare deschisă este cea mai apreciată. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C8%99mir&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C8%99mir&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jalaluddin_Muhammad_Akbar" title="Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar">Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_%C8%99i_Ca%C8%99mir" title="Jammu și Cașmir">Jammu și Cașmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_%C8%99i_teritorii_ale_Indiei" title="State și teritorii ale Indiei">State și teritorii ale Indiei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kardung_La" title="Kardung La">Kardung La</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galerie_de_imagini">Galerie de imagini</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C8%99mir&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Galerie de imagini" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C8%99mir&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Galerie de imagini"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Kashmir_Valley_to_Ladakh_bus_route.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kashmir_Valley_to_Ladakh_bus_route.jpg/120px-Kashmir_Valley_to_Ladakh_bus_route.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kashmir_Valley_to_Ladakh_bus_route.jpg/180px-Kashmir_Valley_to_Ladakh_bus_route.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kashmir_Valley_to_Ladakh_bus_route.jpg/240px-Kashmir_Valley_to_Ladakh_bus_route.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Kashmir_Ladakh_women_in_local_costume.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Kashmir_Ladakh_women_in_local_costume.jpg/120px-Kashmir_Ladakh_women_in_local_costume.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Kashmir_Ladakh_women_in_local_costume.jpg/180px-Kashmir_Ladakh_women_in_local_costume.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Kashmir_Ladakh_women_in_local_costume.jpg/240px-Kashmir_Ladakh_women_in_local_costume.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Kashmir_Dal_lake_boat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Kashmir_Dal_lake_boat.jpg/120px-Kashmir_Dal_lake_boat.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Kashmir_Dal_lake_boat.jpg/180px-Kashmir_Dal_lake_boat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Kashmir_Dal_lake_boat.jpg/240px-Kashmir_Dal_lake_boat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C8%99mir&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C8%99mir&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9); color:var(--color-base, #000); width: 230px; padding: 2px; spacing: 2px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 35px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> conține materiale multimedia legate de <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" class="extiw" title="commons:कश्मीर">Kașmir</a></b></div> </div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9; width: 230px; padding: 2px; spacing: 2px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikţionar"><img alt="Wikţionar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/30px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/45px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Wikţionar</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 35px; line-height:normal;">Caută „<b><a href="https://ro.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ca%C8%99mir" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Cașmir">Cașmir</a></b>” în <a href="/wiki/Wik%C8%9Bionar" title="Wikționar">Wikționar</a>, dicționarul liber.</div> </div> <p><i><b>în limba engleză:</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.kashmiri.tv">http://www.kashmiri.tv</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121737/http://www.kashmiri.tv/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2016-03-04">4 martie 2016</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.birdsofkashmir.com">http://www.birdsofkashmir.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210306165522/http://www.birdsofkashmir.com/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2021-03-06">6 martie 2021</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/">http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ikashmir.org">http://www.ikashmir.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170913021640/http://ikashmir.org/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2017-09-13">13 septembrie 2017</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.panunkashmir.org">http://www.panunkashmir.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jammukashmir.net">http://www.jammukashmir.net</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.koshur.org">http://www.koshur.org</a> Kashmiri</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.KashmirHerald.com">http://www.KashmirHerald.com</a> Kashmiri Online Magazin</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.koausa.org/Crown/history.html">http://www.koausa.org/Crown/history.html</a> Istoric</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ummah.org.uk/kashmir/history.htm">http://www.ummah.org.uk/kashmir/history.htm</a> Istoric</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.kashmiri-cc.ca/un/index.htm">http://www.kashmiri-cc.ca/un/index.htm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19980128230651/http://www.kashmiri-cc.ca/un/index.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="1998-01-28">28 ianuarie 1998</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11693674">Kashmir profile</a>, 4 January 2012, <i>BBC</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/south_asia/03/kashmir_future/html/default.stm">Granițe probabile - Populație și religii</a>, <i>BBC</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C8%99mir&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C8%99mir&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate">Control de autoritate</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX455886">XX455886</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb101619307">cb101619307</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb101619307">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4029850-4">4029850-4</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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