CINXE.COM

the protection of language forms: Ideologies in Iceland

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# profile: http://ogp.me/ns/profile# book: http://ogp.me/ns/book#"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <base href="/"> <title>the protection of language forms: Ideologies in Iceland</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/master.css?modified=2024-08-02T17:46:16+02:00"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/catalog.css?modified=2024-05-28T13:11:19+02:00"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/styles_sa.css?modified=2023-07-20T12:24:07+02:00"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/list.css?modified=2024-07-25T17:39:32+02:00"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/toc.css?modified=2023-07-20T12:24:07+02:00"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/layout_sa.css?modified=2024-08-02T17:46:16+02:00"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.6.3/css/all.css" integrity="sha384-UHRtZLI+pbxtHCWp1t77Bi1L4ZtiqrqD80Kn4Z8NTSRyMA2Fd33n5dQ8lWUE00s/" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="/logos/favicon/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png?v=PYn8YGgX3y"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="/logos/favicon/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png?v=PYn8YGgX3y"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/logos/favicon/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png?v=PYn8YGgX3y"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/logos/favicon/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png?v=PYn8YGgX3y"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/logos/favicon/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png?v=PYn8YGgX3y"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="/logos/favicon/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png?v=PYn8YGgX3y"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/logos/favicon/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png?v=PYn8YGgX3y"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/logos/favicon/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png?v=PYn8YGgX3y"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/logos/favicon/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png?v=PYn8YGgX3y"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/logos/favicon/favicon-32x32.png?v=PYn8YGgX3y" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/logos/favicon/favicon-194x194.png?v=PYn8YGgX3y" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/logos/favicon/favicon-96x96.png?v=PYn8YGgX3y" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/logos/favicon/android-chrome-192x192.png?v=PYn8YGgX3y" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/logos/favicon/favicon-16x16.png?v=PYn8YGgX3y" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="/logos/favicon/manifest.json?v=PYn8YGgX3y"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/logos/favicon/favicon.ico?v=PYn8YGgX3y"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="John Benjamins Publishing Catalog"> <meta name="application-name" content="John Benjamins Publishing Catalog"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="John Benjamins Publishing Catalog"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2545802855450831"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#253776"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/logos/favicon/mstile-144x144.png?v=PYn8YGgX3y"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#253776"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://benjamins.com/catalog/wlp.5.08kri"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://benjamins.com/catalog/wlp.5.08kri"> <meta name="copyright" content="John Benjamins Publishing Company"> <meta name="lang" content="en"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="John Benjamins Publishing Company"> <meta name="citation_isbn" content="9789027228369"> <meta name="citation_isbn" content="9789027269591"> <meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="English in Nordic Universities: Ideologies and practices"> <meta name="citation_editors" content="Hultgren, Anna Kristina; Gregersen, Frans; Thøgersen, Jacob"> <meta name="citation_series_title" content="Studies in World Language Problems"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1075/wlp.5.08kri"> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="165"> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="177"> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"> <meta name="citation_title" content="the protection of language forms: Ideologies in Iceland"> <meta property="og:title" content="the protection of language forms: Ideologies in Iceland"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Kristinsson, Ari Páll"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2014/10/24"> <meta name="citation_year" content="2014"> <meta name="citation_abstract" content="The author shows that while Iceland’s protectionist language ideologies are deeply rooted as to the forms of Icelandic, Icelanders are more pragmatic when it comes to questions of language choice. It is therefore not contradictory that English is increasingly used in Icelandic academia, even if this is a purist speech community. The chapter draws on data on purist language attitudes and practices concerning the native linguistic code, and on practices that reveal that increased use of English in Iceland, notably in tertiary education and research, is popularly accepted as natural. Therefore, recent official language policies (in 2009) and legislation (in 2011), aiming to restrict the use of English at Icelandic universities, are not likely to be effective in the long run."> <meta property="og:description" content="The author shows that while Iceland’s protectionist language ideologies are deeply rooted as to the forms of Icelandic, Icelanders are more pragmatic when it comes to questions of language choice. It is therefore not contradictory that English is increasingly used in Icelandic academia, even if this is a purist speech community. The chapter draws on data on purist language attitudes and practices concerning the native linguistic code, and on practices that reveal that increased use of English in Iceland, notably in tertiary education and research, is popularly accepted as natural. Therefore, recent official language policies (in 2009) and legislation (in 2011), aiming to restrict the use of English at Icelandic universities, are not likely to be effective in the long run."> <script defer src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-WR3LBPG7F1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-WR3LBPG7F1'); </script> <script> var dojoConfig = { async: true, parseOnLoad: true, locale: 'en-us', packages:[ { 'name': 'benjamins_com', 'location': 'https://benjamins.com/resources/js/dojo/1.10.4/benjamins_com' }, { 'name': 'frink', 'location': '/resources/js', "main": "frinkiform.min" }] }; </script> <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/dojo/1.12.1/dojo/dojo.js" defer></script> <script src="/js/general.js" defer></script> <script> // var googlePlayLink; // in general.js var url = 'catalog/wlp.5.08kri'; // not needed? </script> </head> <body class="claro"><input type="checkbox" id="nav-trigger"> <header> <div id="header-content"> <div class="hamburger"><label for="nav-trigger"> <svg version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" width="32px" height="22px" viewBox="0 0 32 22.5" enable-background="new 0 0 32 22.5" xml:space="preserve"> <title>Mobile Menu</title> <g class="svg-menu-toggle"> <path class="bar" d="M20.945,8.75c0,0.69-0.5,1.25-1.117,1.25H3.141c-0.617,0-1.118-0.56-1.118-1.25l0,0 c0-0.69,0.5-1.25,1.118-1.25h16.688C20.445,7.5,20.945,8.06,20.945,8.75L20.945,8.75z"></path> <path class="bar" d="M20.923,15c0,0.689-0.501,1.25-1.118,1.25H3.118C2.5,16.25,2,15.689,2,15l0,0c0-0.689,0.5-1.25,1.118-1.25 h16.687C20.422,13.75,20.923,14.311,20.923,15L20.923,15z"></path> <path class="bar" d="M20.969,21.25c0,0.689-0.5,1.25-1.117,1.25H3.164c-0.617,0-1.118-0.561-1.118-1.25l0,0 c0-0.689,0.5-1.25,1.118-1.25h16.688C20.469,20,20.969,20.561,20.969,21.25L20.969,21.25z"></path> <rect width="22" height="22" fill="none"> </rect> </g> </svg></label></div> <nav aria-label="Main Navigation"> <ul> <li class="has-submenu"><a role="tab" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="nolink"><button>New</button></a> <ul> <li class="has-submenu"><a role="tab" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="nolink" href="/new/books/forthcoming"><button>Books</button></a> <ul> <li><a href="/new/books/forthcoming" title="">Forthcoming titles</a></li> <li><a href="/new/books/paperback" title="">New in paperback</a></li> <li><a href="/catalog/subjects?period=recent" title="">New titles by subject</a></li> <li><a href="/new/books/month" title="">November 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/new/books/month-1" title="">October 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/new/books/month-2" title="">September 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/new/books/month-3" title="">August 2024</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/catalog/series/new" title="New Book Series"><button>Book Series</button></a></li> <li class="has-submenu"><a role="tab" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="nolink" href="/catalog/serials/new"><button>Journals &amp; Yearbooks</button></a> <ul> <li><a href="/catalog/serials/new" title="">New serials</a></li> <li><a href="/new/journal_issues/current" title="">Latest issues</a></li> <li><a href="/new/journal_issues/inproduction" title="">Currently in production</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="has-submenu"><a role="tab" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="nolink"><button>Catalog</button></a> <ul> <li class="has-submenu"><a role="tab" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="nolink" href="/catalog/series/current"><button>Books</button></a> <ul> <li><a href="/catalog/series/current" title="">Active series</a></li> <li><a href="/catalog/series/other" title="">Other series</a></li> <li><a href="/content/librarians/collections" title="">Collections</a></li> <li><a href="/catalog/openaccessbooks" title="">Open-access books</a></li> <li><a href="/catalog/textbooks" title="">Text books &amp; Course books</a></li> <li><a href="/catalog/reference" title="">Dictionaries &amp; Reference</a></li> <li><a href="/catalog/series/by_jbeditor" title="">By JB editor</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="has-submenu"><a role="tab" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="nolink" href="/catalog/serials/current"><button>Journals &amp; Yearbooks</button></a> <ul> <li><a href="/catalog/serials/current" title="">Active serials</a></li> <li><a href="/catalog/serials/other" title="">Other</a></li> <li><a href="/catalog/serials/by_jbeditor" title="">By JB editor</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/catalog/software" title="Software"><button>Software</button></a></li> <li><a href="/catalog/persons" title="Browse by person"><button>Browse by person</button></a></li> <li><a href="/catalog/subjects" title="Browse by subject"><button>Browse by subject</button></a></li> <li><a href="/catalog/search" title="Search"><button>Advanced Search</button></a></li> <li class="has-submenu"><a role="tab" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="nolink" href="/content/downloadable/printed"><button>Downloadable lists</button></a> <ul> <li><a href="/content/downloadable/printed" title="">Printed catalogs</a></li> <li><a href="/catalog/collections" title="">E-book collections</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/content/onlineresources" title="Online Resources"><button>Online Resources</button></a></li> <li class="has-submenu"><a role="tab" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="nolink"><button>Customer Services</button></a> <ul> <li class="has-submenu"><a role="tab" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="nolink" href="/content/customers/contact/amsterdam"><button>Contact</button></a> <ul> <li><a href="/content/customers/contact/amsterdam" title="">Amsterdam (Main office)</a></li> <li><a href="/content/customers/contact/philadelphia" title="">Philadelphia (North American office)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="has-submenu"><a role="tab" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="nolink" href="/content/customers/bookorders/other"><button>Book Orders</button></a> <ul> <li><a href="/content/customers/bookorders/other" title="">General</a></li> <li><a href="/content/customers/bookorders/us_ca_mx" title="">US, Canada &amp; Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/content/customers/bookorders/ebooks" title="">E-books</a></li> <li><a href="/content/customers/bookorders/examination_desk_copies" title="">Examination &amp; Desk Copies</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="has-submenu"><a role="tab" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="nolink" href="/content/customers/journals/general"><button>Journal Subscriptions</button></a> <ul> <li><a href="/content/customers/journals/general" title="">General information</a></li> <li><a href="/content/customers/journals/e_instructions" title="">Access to the electronic edition</a></li> <li><a href="/content/customers/journals/e_terms" title="">Terms of Use</a></li> <li><a href="/content/librarians/ojc_oja" title="">Journal collections</a></li> <li><a href="/" title="">Journal mutations</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/content/customers/rights" title="Rights &amp; Permissions"><button>Rights &amp; Permissions</button></a></li> <li class="has-submenu"><a role="tab" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="nolink" href="/content/customers/mailinglist/newsletter"><button>Mailing List</button></a> <ul> <li><a href="/content/customers/mailinglist/newsletter" title="">E-newsletter</a></li> <li><a href="/content/customers/mailinglist/bookgazette" title="">Book Gazette</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="has-submenu"><a role="tab" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="nolink"><button>For Authors</button></a> <ul> <li><a href="/content/authors/bookproposals" title="Proposals for Books"><button>Proposals for Books</button></a></li> <li><a href="/content/authors/seriesproposals" title="Proposals for Series"><button>Proposals for Book Series</button></a></li> <li><a href="/content/authors/journalproposals" title="Proposals for Journals"><button>Proposals for Journals</button></a></li> <li><a href="/content/authors/journalsubmissions" title="Submissions to Journals"><button>Submissions to Journals</button></a></li> <li><a href="/content/authors/editorialmanager" title="Editorial Manager"><button>Editorial Manager</button></a></li> <li><a href="/content/authors/ethics" title="Ethics Statement"><button>Ethics Statement</button></a></li> <li><a href="/content/authors/kudos" title="Kudos"><button>Kudos</button></a></li> <li><a href="/content/authors/openaccesspolicy" title="Open Access Policy"><button>Open Access Policy</button></a></li> <li><a href="/content/authors/rightspolicy" title="Rights Policy"><button>Rights Policy</button></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="has-submenu"><a role="tab" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="nolink"><button>For Librarians</button></a> <ul> <li><a href="/content/librarians/eba" title="Evidence-Based Acquisition"><button>Evidence-Based Acquisition</button></a></li> <li><a href="/content/librarians/collections" title="E-book Collections"><button>E-book Collections</button></a></li> <li><a href="/content/librarians/ojc_oja" title="Journal Collections"><button>Journal Collections</button></a></li> <li><a href="/content/librarians/oa_info" title="Open Access information"><button>Open Access information</button></a></li> <li><a href="/content/librarians/journal_mutations" title="Journal mutations"><button>Journal mutations</button></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="logo-container"><a href="content/home" title="Home"> <div class="jb-logo-image"> <svg version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" width="79.4px" height="47.35px" viewBox="0 0 79.4 47.35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 79.4 47.35;" xml:space="preserve"> <g id="jb-logo-image"> <path style="fill:#FFFFFF;" d="M0,30.25c0.1-9.6,7.8-16.4,16.3-16.5c2.5-0.1,4,1.7,4.2,3.6c0.2,2.1-0.4,3.9-4,4.7 c-5,1.2-8.2,3.7-8.2,8.1c0,4.5,4.1,7.8,8,7.9s8.1-3.2,8.1-9.7c0-7.9-0.1-15.7,0-23.6c0-6.2,9.4-6.3,9.4-0.1v23.9 c0,11.5-7.7,18.8-17.2,18.8S0,39.75,0,30.25"></path> <path style="fill:#FFFFFF;" d="M46.9,29.85c0,4.5,3.6,8.1,8.1,8.1s8.1-3.6,8.1-8.1s-3.7-8.1-8.1-8.1 C50.5,21.75,46.9,25.35,46.9,29.85 M37.4,28.65v-24c0-6.2,9.4-6.2,9.4,0v10.7c2.6-1.3,4.7-1.8,7.6-1.8c9.4,0,17,7.7,17,16.9 c0,9.3-7.6,16.9-16.9,16.9C44.4,47.35,37.4,38.35,37.4,28.65"></path> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="jb-logo-text"> <svg version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" width="241.1px" height="42.6px" viewBox="0 0 241.1 42.6" style="enable-background:new 0 0 241.1 42.6;" xml:space="preserve"> <g id="jb-logo-text"> <path class="jb-logo-text" d="M239.7,13.1c0-2.3-1.5-3.8-3.2-4.6l-2.7-1.3c-1.1-0.5-1.9-1.2-1.9-2.2c0-1.2,1.2-2,2.8-2c1.5,0,2.6,0.3,4.5,1.7 V1c-1-0.5-2.9-1-4.5-1c-3.8,0-6.6,2.1-6.6,5.5c0,2,1,3.6,3.5,4.8l2.4,1.1c1.1,0.5,1.8,1.1,1.8,2.1c0,1.1-1.2,2.1-2.6,2.1 c-2.2,0-4-0.6-5.4-1.5l0.4,3.9c1.7,0.6,3.5,0.7,5.2,0.7C236.9,18.6,239.7,16.4,239.7,13.1 M222.9,18.2v-18h-3.4v10.4l-8.2-10.4h-4.9 l1.9,2.3v15.7h3.4V6.8l9.1,11.4H222.9z M201.2,0.2h-3.8v18h3.8V0.2z M190.6,18.2v-18h-2.4l-6.2,8l-6-8h-4.8l1.7,2.2v15.8h3.4V6.7 l5.2,7l5.2-6.9v11.3h3.9V18.2z M161.9,12.1h-4.3l2.2-5.7L161.9,12.1z M168.4,18.2l-6.9-18h-4.2l0.7,1.7l-6.6,16.4h3.8l1.3-3.4h6.4 l1.3,3.4h4.2V18.2z M147,17.9V0.2h-3.8v17.7c0,1.8-0.7,2.5-2.4,2.5h-2l1.5,3.3C144.5,23.7,147,22,147,17.9 M136.6,18.2v-18h-3.4 v10.4L125,0.2h-4.9l1.9,2.3v15.7h3.4V6.8l9.1,11.4H136.6z M116.3,15.1h-8v-4.5h4.9l1-3h-5.9V3.3h6.3l1-3.1h-11.2v18h10.4L116.3,15.1 z M94.9,13c0,1.6-1.1,2.6-3.3,2.6c-1,0-2-0.2-2.4-0.3v-4.8h2.2C93.7,10.5,94.9,11.4,94.9,13 M94.3,5.2c0,1.2-0.6,2.4-1,2.9 c-0.6,0-2.7,0-4.1,0V3h1.7C93.2,3,94.3,4,94.3,5.2 M98.9,13.2c0-2.1-1.2-3.8-3.1-4.5c1.3-0.7,2.5-2,2.5-4c0-2.9-2.9-4.7-6.6-4.7 c-2.1,0-4.6,0.3-6.3,0.6v17.2c1.3,0.3,4.3,0.8,6.6,0.8C95.8,18.6,98.9,16.6,98.9,13.2 M73.8,18.2v-18h-3.4v10.4L62.2,0.2h-4.9 l1.9,2.3v15.7h3.4V6.8l9.1,11.4H73.8z M52.1,18.2v-18h-3.8v7.1h-7V0.2h-3.8v18h3.8v-7.7h7v7.7H52.1z M27.9,9.3c0,3.7-2,6.1-5.1,6.1 s-5.1-2.5-5.1-6.1c0-3.7,2-6.1,5.1-6.1C25.8,3.1,27.9,5.6,27.9,9.3 M31.9,9.3c0-5.6-3.7-9.3-9.2-9.3s-9.2,3.7-9.2,9.3 s3.7,9.3,9.2,9.3S31.9,14.9,31.9,9.3 M8.2,17.9V0.2H4.4v17.7c0,1.8-0.7,2.5-2.4,2.5H0l1.5,3.3C5.7,23.7,8.2,22,8.2,17.9"></path> <path class="jb-logo-text" d="M241.1,28.7h-2.9l-2.9,5.3l-2.9-5.3h-3.3l4.4,7.8v5.7h2.9v-5.5L241.1,28.7z M225.9,42.2V28.7h-2.6v7.8l-6.2-7.8 h-3.7l1.4,1.7v11.7h2.6v-8.5l6.8,8.5h1.7V42.2z M206.4,37.7h-3.2l1.6-4.3L206.4,37.7z M211.3,42.2l-5.1-13.5h-3.1l0.5,1.2l-5,12.3 h2.9l1-2.6h4.8l1,2.6H211.3z M197.3,33.2c0-2.9-2-4.6-5.5-4.6c-1.7,0-3.4,0.2-4.3,0.5v13.1h2.9V30.8h1c1.9,0,2.8,0.8,2.8,2.4 c0,1.8-0.7,3-2.5,3h-0.2v1.3c0.3,0.2,1.1,0.3,1.5,0.3C195.4,37.7,197.3,35.7,197.3,33.2 M182.5,42.2V28.7h-1.8l-4.6,6l-4.5-6H168 l1.3,1.6v11.9h2.6v-8.6l3.9,5.3l3.9-5.1v8.5h2.8V42.2z M162.1,35.5c0,2.8-1.5,4.6-3.8,4.6c-2.4,0-3.8-1.8-3.8-4.6s1.5-4.6,3.8-4.6 C160.6,30.9,162.1,32.8,162.1,35.5 M165.1,35.5c0-4.2-2.8-7-6.9-7c-4.1,0-6.9,2.8-6.9,7s2.8,7,6.9,7 C162.3,42.5,165.1,39.7,165.1,35.5 M147.9,41.3v-2.9c-1.6,1.2-2.8,1.5-4.3,1.5c-2.5,0-4.3-2.1-4.3-4.6c0-2.7,1.8-4.5,4.3-4.5 c1.5,0,2.9,0.5,4.3,1.5v-3c-1-0.6-2.5-1-4.3-1c-4.4,0-7.4,3-7.4,7.1c0,4,2.9,6.9,7.4,6.9C145.4,42.5,146.8,42.1,147.9,41.3 M128.7,42.5v-7.6h-4.6l-0.8,2.3h2.6v2.7c-0.5,0.1-1.2,0.2-1.8,0.2c-2.7,0-4.4-2.1-4.4-4.7c0-2.7,1.8-4.5,4.3-4.5 c1.5,0,3.1,0.5,4.6,1.5v-3c-1-0.6-2.7-1-4.5-1c-4.4,0-7.4,3-7.4,7.1s2.7,6.9,7.4,6.9c1.3,0,2.3-0.3,3-0.6L128.7,42.5z M112.7,42.2 V28.7h-2.6v7.8l-6.2-7.8h-3.7l1.4,1.7v11.7h2.6v-8.5l6.8,8.5h1.7V42.2z M96.4,28.7h-2.9v13.5h2.9V28.7z M88.5,42.2V28.7h-2.9V34 h-5.3v-5.3h-2.9v13.5h2.9v-5.8h5.3v5.8H88.5z M73.3,38.4c0-1.7-1.2-2.9-2.4-3.4l-2.1-0.9c-0.8-0.4-1.4-0.9-1.4-1.7 c0-0.9,0.9-1.5,2.1-1.5c1.1,0,2,0.2,3.3,1.3v-2.9c-0.7-0.4-2.1-0.8-3.3-0.8c-2.9,0-5,1.6-5,4.1c0,1.5,0.8,2.7,2.6,3.6l1.8,0.8 c0.9,0.4,1.3,0.8,1.3,1.6s-0.9,1.6-2,1.6c-1.7,0-3-0.5-4-1.1l0.3,2.9c1.2,0.4,2.6,0.5,3.9,0.5C71.2,42.5,73.3,40.8,73.3,38.4 M60,28.7h-2.9v13.5H60V28.7z M53.7,39.9h-4.9V28.7h-2.9v13.5h6.8L53.7,39.9z M38.7,38.3c0,1.2-0.9,2-2.5,2c-0.7,0-1.5-0.1-1.8-0.2 v-3.6H36C37.9,36.4,38.7,37.1,38.7,38.3 M38.3,32.5c0,0.9-0.4,1.8-0.8,2.1c-0.4,0-2.1,0-3,0v-3.8h1.3C37.5,30.8,38.3,31.5,38.3,32.5 M41.8,38.4c0-1.6-0.9-2.9-2.3-3.4c1-0.5,1.9-1.5,1.9-3c0-2.2-2.2-3.5-4.9-3.5c-1.6,0-3.4,0.2-4.7,0.5v12.9c1,0.3,3.3,0.6,4.9,0.6 C39.4,42.5,41.8,41.1,41.8,38.4 M26.7,37v-8.3h-2.6v8.6c0,1.7-0.8,2.9-2.7,2.9c-1.7,0-2.6-1.2-2.6-3.2v-8.2h-2.9v8.3 c0,3.7,1.8,5.5,5.4,5.5C24.8,42.5,26.7,40.4,26.7,37 M12.3,33.2c0-2.9-2-4.6-5.5-4.6c-1.7,0-3.4,0.2-4.3,0.5v13.1h2.9V30.8h1 c1.9,0,2.8,0.8,2.8,2.4c0,1.8-0.7,3-2.5,3H6.5v1.3c0.3,0.2,1.1,0.3,1.5,0.3C10.4,37.7,12.3,35.7,12.3,33.2"></path> </g> </svg> </div></a></div> <div id="search-container"><a href="catalog/search" title="Search the catalog"> <svg version="1.1" baseProfile="tiny" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 480 480" width="30" height="30" xml:space="preserve"> <g id="search-svg"> <path d="M411.674,359.719l-81.021-81.014c-6.092-6.096-15.35-7.093-22.578-3.141l-17.283-17.284 c14.721-20.903,23.449-46.324,23.449-73.777c0-70.861-57.65-128.504-128.511-128.504c-70.857,0-128.508,57.643-128.508,128.504 c0,70.856,57.65,128.516,128.508,128.516c27.336,0,52.649-8.642,73.494-23.251l17.4,17.405c-3.746,7.17-2.697,16.235,3.305,22.249 l81.029,81.019c7.4,7.403,19.516,7.403,26.914,0l23.803-23.799C419.075,379.237,419.075,367.127,411.674,359.719z M185.729,265.421 c-44.677,0-80.914-36.233-80.914-80.918c0-44.673,36.237-80.91,80.914-80.91c44.689,0,80.914,36.237,80.914,80.91 C266.643,229.188,230.419,265.421,185.729,265.421z"></path> </g> </svg></a></div> <div id="cart"><a title="View shopping cart" href="/cbc/sc/home"> <svg version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" width="48px" height="48px" viewBox="0 0 48 48" style="enable-background:new 0 0 48 48;" xml:space="preserve"> <style type="text/css"> .cart-st0{fill:none;stroke:#FFFFFF;stroke-width:1.9255;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:10;} .cart-st1{fill:none;stroke:#FFFFFF;stroke-width:1.5817;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:10;} </style> <g id="cart-svg"> <polyline class="cart-st0" points="1,5.8 7.3,5.8 12.7,33.2 45.5,35.3 "></polyline> <circle class="cart-st0" cx="16.3" cy="39.7" r="2.9"></circle> <circle class="cart-st1" cx="42.1" cy="40" r="2.1"></circle> <polygon class="cart-st0" points="8.1,9.9 47.1,9.9 45.5,28.5 11.8,28.5 10.6,22.3 46,22.3 46.6,15.7 9.3,16.1 "></polygon> <path class="cart-st0" d="M15,27.7"></path> <line class="cart-st0" x1="21.7" y1="9.9" x2="22" y2="28.5"></line> <path class="cart-st0" d="M28.4,28.9"></path> <line class="cart-st0" x1="28.3" y1="9.9" x2="28.6" y2="27.4"></line> <line class="cart-st0" x1="34.9" y1="9.9" x2="35.2" y2="28.5"></line> <line class="cart-st0" x1="41.4" y1="10" x2="41.7" y2="28.1"></line> <line class="cart-st0" x1="15" y1="9.9" x2="15.3" y2="28.5"></line> </g> </svg> <svg id="cartcount" height="20" width="20"></svg></a></div> </div> </header> <main class="main" id="main-page"> <script src="/cbc/resources/xmldb-intranet/SaxonJS-2.5/SaxonJS2.rt.js"></script> <script async="true"> window.onload = function() { SaxonJS.transform({ "stylesheetLocation": "/cbc/xql/xmldb-intranet/saxon-js/get-sef.xql?sef=benjamins.com%7Cstandard-page%7Cmodules", "sourceLocation": "/cbc/data/dummy.xml", "stylesheetParams": { "local-redirect": "" } }) } </script> <body> <div itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle" class="article-main-container"> <div class="titlebox"> <div class="titlebox-image-area"> <div class="image-container wlp"><a href="catalog/wlp.5"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 1650px)" srcset="https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_flat_338x450/wlp.5.hb.png 1x, https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_flat_450x600/wlp.5.hb.png 1.5x"> <source media="(min-width: 1500px)" srcset="https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_flat_225x300/wlp.5.hb.png 1x, https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_flat_338x450/wlp.5.hb.png 1.5x, https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_flat_450x600/wlp.5.hb.png 2x"> <source media="(min-width: 1150px)" srcset="https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_flat_225x300/wlp.5.hb.png 1x, https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_flat_338x450/wlp.5.hb.png 2x, https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_flat_450x600/wlp.5.hb.png 2.5x"> <source media="(max-width: 1150px)" srcset="https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_flat_113x150/wlp.5.hb.png 1x, https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_flat_225x300/wlp.5.hb.png 1.5x, https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_flat_338x450/wlp.5.hb.png 2.5x"> <source media="(max-width: 1000px)" srcset="https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_flat_75x100/wlp.5.hb.png 1x, https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_flat_113x150/wlp.5.hb.png 1.5x, https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_flat_225x300/wlp.5.hb.png 2x"><img class="image" alt="Cover not available" border="0" src="https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_flat_113x150/wlp.5.hb.png" title="Cover image for WLP 5"></picture></a></div> </div> <div class="text"> <div class="in" style="font-style:italic;font-size:.9em;">Part of</div><a href="catalog/wlp.5" class="catalog">English in Nordic Universities: Ideologies and practices</a><br>Edited by Anna Kristina Hultgren, Frans Gregersen and Jacob Thøgersen<br><span class="titleboxinfo" style="font-size:.85em;"> [<a class="series-link catalog" href="catalog/wlp">Studies in World Language Problems</a> 5] 2014<br>► pp. <span itemprop="pageStart">165</span>–<span itemprop="pageEnd">177</span></span> <div class="navigate-articles"></div> </div> </div> <div class="articleinfo"> <div itemprop="name"> <h1 class="bktitle">Ideologies in Iceland</h1> <h2 class="bksubtitle">the protection of language forms</h2> </div> <div class="contributors xml"> <div class="contribgroup"> <div class="contribgroup_members"> <div class="member"><span class="name"><a itemprop="author" href="catalog/persons/994090553">Ari Páll Kristinsson</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bkblurb" itemprop="description"> <div class="p" id="wlp-5-08kri-p1">The author shows that while Iceland’s protectionist language ideologies are deeply rooted as to the forms of Icelandic, Icelanders are more pragmatic when it comes to questions of language choice. It is therefore not contradictory that English is increasingly used in Icelandic academia, even if this is a purist speech community. The chapter draws on data on purist language attitudes and practices concerning the native linguistic code, and on practices that reveal that increased use of English in Iceland, notably in tertiary education and research, is popularly accepted as natural. Therefore, recent official language policies (in 2009) and legislation (in 2011), aiming to restrict the use of English at Icelandic universities, are not likely to be effective in the long run.</div> </div> <div class="bkblurb"> Published online: 24 October 2014<br> <div class="hanging-logo-container"><img width="25" src="//benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg" title="Digital Object Identifier: a persistent link" alt="DOI logo"></div><a href="https://doi.org/10.1075/wlp.5.08kri" itemprop="sameAs">https://doi.org/10.1075/wlp.5.08kri</a></div> <div class="kudos-article-widget"> <script src="https://api.growkudos.com/widgets/article/10.1075/wlp.5.08kri?omit_read_more_btn=false"></script> </div> </div> <div class="share-to"><a target="_share" title="Share via Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://benjamins.com/catalog/wlp.5.08kri"><img height="30" alt="Share via Facebook" src="//benjamins.com/logos/facebook.svg"></a><a target="_share" title="Share via Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://benjamins.com/catalog/wlp.5.08kri"><img height="30" alt="Share via Twitter" src="//benjamins.com/logos/twitter.svg"></a><a target="_share" title="Share via LinkedIn" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;url=https://benjamins.com/catalog/wlp.5.08kri&amp;title=Ideologies%20in%20Iceland"><img height="30" alt="Share via LinkedIn" src="//benjamins.com/logos/linkedin.svg"></a><a target="_share" title="Share via WhatsApp" href="whatsapp://send?text=https://benjamins.com/catalog/wlp.5.08kri" data-action="share/whatsapp/share"><img height="30" alt="Share via WhatsApp" src="//benjamins.com/logos/whatsapp.svg"></a></div> <details class="toc"> <summary class="tab">References (31)</summary> <section class="ref-list" id="wlp-5-08kri-ref-list1" lang="en" data-bookmark-label=""> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0001"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">Ammon, U</span></span><span class="refline firstref">. (<span class="refyear">1998</span>). <span class="refsource">Ist Deutsch noch internationale Wissenschaftssprache? Englisch auch für die Lehre an den deutschsprachigen Hochschulen</span>. Berlin / New York: de Gruyter. <span class="doi"><a class="doilink" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110802689" title="Permanent DOI link: 10.1515/9783110802689" target="links"><span class="doi-logo-container"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg" alt="DOI logo"></span></a></span><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Ist Deutsch noch internationale Wissenschaftssprache? Englisch auch f%C3%BCr die Lehre an den deutschsprachigen Hochschulen&amp;author=Ammon, U&amp;publication_year=1998" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0002"><span class="refauth hidden"><span class="string-name">Ammon, U</span></span><span class="refline lastref">. (<span class="refyear">2010</span>). <span class="article-title">World languages: Trends and futures</span>. In <span class="string-name">N. Coupland</span> (Ed.), <span class="refsource">The Handbook of Language and Globalization</span> (pp. 101–122). Oxford: Blackwell. <span class="doi"><a class="doilink" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781444324068.ch4" title="Permanent DOI link: 10.1002/9781444324068.ch4" target="links"><span class="doi-logo-container"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg" alt="DOI logo"></span></a></span><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=World languages: Trends and futures&amp;author=Ammon, U&amp;author=N. Coupland&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;pages=101-122" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0003"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">Árnason, Kristján</span></span><span class="refline firstref">. (<span class="refyear">2005</span>). <span class="article-title">Íslenska og enska: Vísir að greiningu á málvistkerfi [Icelandic and English: A preliminary attempt at analysing a language ecology system]</span>. <span class="refsource">Ritið</span>, 2, 99–140.<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=%C3%8Dslenska og enska: V%C3%ADsir a%C3%B0 greiningu %C3%A1 m%C3%A1lvistkerfi [Icelandic and English: A preliminary attempt at analysing a language ecology system]&amp;author=%C3%81rnason, Kristj%C3%A1n&amp;publication_year=2005&amp;journal=Riti%C3%B0&amp;volume=2&amp;pages=99-140" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0004"><span class="refauth hidden"><span class="string-name">Árnason, Kristján</span></span><span class="refline lastref">. (<span class="refyear">2006</span>). <span class="article-title">Island [Iceland]</span>. In <span class="string-name">T. Kristiansen</span> &amp; L.S.<span class="string-name"> Vikør</span> (Eds.), <span class="refsource">Nordiske språkhaldningar. Ei meiningsmåling </span>[<span class="reftranssource">Nordic language attitudes. An opinion survey</span>] (pp. 17–39). Oslo: Novus.<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Island [Iceland]&amp;author=%C3%81rnason, Kristj%C3%A1n&amp;author=T. Kristiansen&amp; &amp; L.S.&amp;author= Vik%C3%B8r&amp;publication_year=2006&amp;pages=17-39" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0005"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">Arnbjörnsdóttir, Birna</span></span><span class="refline singleref">. (<span class="refyear">2011</span>).<span class="article-title"> Exposure to English in Iceland. A quantitative and qualitative study</span>. <span class="refsource">Ráðstefnurit Netlu – Menntakvika 2011</span>. Reykjavik: Menntavísindasvið Háskóla Íslands. Retrieved <span class="refmonth">June</span><span class="refday">11</span>, 2013, from <span class="url"><a title="http://netla.hi.is/menntakvika2011/004.pdf" href="http://netla.hi.is/menntakvika2011/004.pdf" target="links">[URL]</a></span>.<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Exposure to English in Iceland. A quantitative and qualitative study&amp;author=Arnbj%C3%B6rnsd%C3%B3ttir, Birna&amp;publication_year=2011" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0006"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">Dofradóttir, A.</span>, <span class="string-name">Arnalds, Á.A.</span>, <span class="string-name">Sturludóttir, G.J.</span> &amp; <span class="string-name">Jónsson, F.H</span></span><span class="refline singleref">. (<span class="refyear">2010</span>). <span class="refsource">Íslensk menningarvog. Könnun á menningarneyslu Íslendinga</span> [<span class="reftranssource">An Icelandic culture barometer. A survey of Icelanders’ consumption of culture</span>]. Reykjavik: Félagsvísindastofnun Háskóla Íslands.<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=%C3%8Dslensk menningarvog. K%C3%B6nnun %C3%A1 menningarneyslu %C3%8Dslendinga&amp;author=Dofrad%C3%B3ttir, A.&amp;, &amp;author=Arnalds, %C3%81.A.&amp;, &amp;author=Sturlud%C3%B3ttir, G.J.&amp; &amp; &amp;author=J%C3%B3nsson, F.H&amp;publication_year=2010" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0007"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">Eysteinsson, Ástráður</span></span><span class="refline singleref">. (<span class="refyear">2012</span>). <span class="article-title">Islandsk sprogpolitik, kultur og akademisk praksis. Domæner, store og små</span> [Icelandic language policy, culture and academic practice. Large and small domains].<span class="refsource"> Nordand. Nordisk tidsskrift for andrespråksforskning</span>, 7(2), 143–159.<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Islandsk sprogpolitik, kultur og akademisk praksis. Dom%C3%A6ner, store og sm%C3%A5&amp;author=Eysteinsson, %C3%81str%C3%A1%C3%B0ur&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;journal=Nordand. Nordisk tidsskrift for andrespr%C3%A5ksforskning&amp;volume=7&amp;issue=2&amp;pages=143-159" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0008"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">Friðriksson, Finnur</span></span><span class="refline singleref">. (<span class="refyear">2009</span>). <span class="refsource">Language change vs. stability in conservative language communities: A case study of Icelandic</span>. Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag.<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Language change vs. stability in conservative language communities: A case study of Icelandic&amp;author=Fri%C3%B0riksson, Finnur&amp;publication_year=2009" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0009"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">Graddol, D</span></span><span class="refline singleref">. (<span class="refyear">2006</span>). <span class="refsource">English next. Why global English may mean the end of ‘English as a Foreign Language’</span>. Retrieved <span class="refmonth">June</span><span class="refday">11</span>, 2013, from <span class="url"><a title="http://www.britishcouncil.org/learning-research-englishnext.htm" href="http://www.britishcouncil.org/learning-research-englishnext.htm" target="links">[URL]</a></span><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=English next. Why global English may mean the end of %E2%80%98English as a Foreign Language%E2%80%99&amp;author=Graddol, D&amp;publication_year=2006" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0010"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">Heller, M.</span> &amp; <span class="string-name">Duchêne, A</span></span><span class="refline singleref">. (<span class="refyear">2007</span>). <span class="article-title">Discourses of endangerment: Sociolinguistics, globalization and social order</span>. In <span class="string-name">A. Duchêne</span> &amp; <span class="string-name">M. Heller</span> (Eds.), <span class="refsource">Discourses of endangerment. Ideology and interest in the defence of languages</span> (pp. 1–13). London / New York: Continuum.<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Discourses of endangerment: Sociolinguistics, globalization and social order&amp;author=Heller, M.&amp; &amp; &amp;author=Duch%C3%AAne, A&amp;author=A. Duch%C3%AAne&amp; &amp; &amp;author=M. Heller&amp;publication_year=2007&amp;pages=1-13" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0011"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">House, J</span></span><span class="refline singleref">. (<span class="refyear">2008</span>). <span class="article-title">English as lingua franca in Europe today</span>. In <span class="string-name">G. Extra</span> &amp; <span class="string-name">D. Gorter</span> (Eds.), <span class="refsource">Multilingual Europe: Facts and policies </span>(pp. 63–86). Berlin / New York: Mouton de Gruyter. <span class="doi"><a class="doilink" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110208351.2.63" title="Permanent DOI link: 10.1515/9783110208351.2.63" target="links"><span class="doi-logo-container"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg" alt="DOI logo"></span></a></span><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=English as lingua franca in Europe today&amp;author=House, J&amp;author=G. Extra&amp; &amp; &amp;author=D. Gorter&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;pages=63-86" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0012"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">Ingvarsdóttir, Hafdís</span> &amp; <span class="string-name">Arnbjörnsdóttir, Birna</span></span><span class="refline singleref">. (<span class="refyear">2010</span>). <span class="article-title">Coping with English at tertiary level: Instructors’ views</span>. <span class="refsource">Ráðstefnurit Netlu – Menntakvika 2010</span>. Reykjavik: Menntavísindasvið Háskóla Íslands. Retrieved <span class="refmonth">June</span><span class="refday">11</span>, 2013, from <span class="url"><a title="http://netla.hi.is/menntakvika2010/010.pdf" href="http://netla.hi.is/menntakvika2010/010.pdf" target="links">[URL]</a></span>.<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Coping with English at tertiary level: Instructors%E2%80%99 views&amp;author=Ingvarsd%C3%B3ttir, Hafd%C3%ADs&amp; &amp; &amp;author=Arnbj%C3%B6rnsd%C3%B3ttir, Birna&amp;publication_year=2010" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0013"><span class="refauth source">Íslenska til alls. Tillögur Íslenskrar málnefndar að íslenskri málstefnu samþykktar á Alþingi 12. mars 2009</span><span class="refline otherref"> [<span class="reftranssource">Icelandic for everything. Icelandic language policy proposals drafted by the Icelandic Language Council, and approved by Parliament on March 12, 2009</span>] (<span class="refyear">2009</span>). Reykjavik: Ministry of Education, Science and Culture. Retrieved <span class="refmonth">June</span> <span class="refday">11</span>, 2013, from <span class="url"><a title="http://www.islenskan.is/Islenska_til_alls.pdf" href="http://www.islenskan.is/Islenska_til_alls.pdf" target="links">[URL]</a></span>.<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=%C3%8Dslenska til alls. Till%C3%B6gur %C3%8Dslenskrar m%C3%A1lnefndar a%C3%B0 %C3%ADslenskri m%C3%A1lstefnu sam%C3%BEykktar %C3%A1 Al%C3%BEingi 12. mars 2009&amp;publication_year=2009" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0014"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">Kristiansen, T.</span> &amp; <span class="string-name">Vikør, L.S</span></span><span class="refline firstref">. (<span class="refyear">2006a</span>). <span class="article-title">Nordiske språkhaldningar – jamføring og konklusjonar</span> [Nordic language attitudes – comparison and conclusions]. In <span class="string-name">T. Kristiansen</span> &amp; <span class="string-name">L.S. Vikør</span> (Eds.), <span class="refsource">Nordiske språkhaldningar. Ei meiningsmåling</span> [<span class="reftranssource">Nordic language attitudes. An opinion poll</span>] (pp. 199–214). Oslo: Novus.<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Nordiske spr%C3%A5khaldningar %E2%80%93 jamf%C3%B8ring og konklusjonar&amp;author=Kristiansen, T.&amp; &amp; &amp;author=Vik%C3%B8r, L.S&amp;author=T. Kristiansen&amp; &amp; &amp;author=L.S. Vik%C3%B8r&amp;publication_year=2006a&amp;pages=199-214" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0015"><span class="refauth hidden"><span class="string-name">Kristiansen, T.</span> &amp; <span class="string-name">Vikør, L.S</span></span><span class="refline lastref">. (<span class="refyear">2006b</span>). <span class="article-title">Tillegg 1: Totalresultat – Island </span>[Appendix 1: General results – Iceland]. In <span class="string-name">T. Kristiansen</span> &amp; <span class="string-name">L.S. Vikør</span> (Eds.), <span class="refsource">Nordiske språkhaldningar. Ei meiningsmåling</span> [<span class="reftranssource">Nordic language attitudes. An opionion poll</span>] (pp. 215–217). Oslo: Novus.<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Tillegg 1: Totalresultat %E2%80%93 Island&amp;author=Kristiansen, T.&amp; &amp; &amp;author=Vik%C3%B8r, L.S&amp;author=T. Kristiansen&amp; &amp; &amp;author=L.S. Vik%C3%B8r&amp;publication_year=2006b&amp;pages=215-217" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0016"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">Kristinsson, Ari Páll</span></span><span class="refline singleref">. (<span class="refyear">2012</span>). <span class="article-title">Language management agencies counteracting perceived threats to tradition</span>. <span class="refsource">Language Policy</span>, 11(4), 343–356. <span class="doi"><a class="doilink" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10993-012-9253-8" title="Permanent DOI link: 10.1007/s10993-012-9253-8" target="links"><span class="doi-logo-container"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg" alt="DOI logo"></span></a></span><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Language management agencies counteracting perceived threats to tradition&amp;author=Kristinsson, Ari P%C3%A1ll&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;journal=Language Policy&amp;volume=11&amp;issue=4&amp;pages=343-356" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0017"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">Kristinsson, Ari Páll</span> &amp; <span class="string-name">Bernharðsson, Haraldur</span></span><span class="refline singleref">. (2014). <span class="article-title">Íslenska og enska í íslensku háskólastarfi [Icelandic and English in Icelandic academia]</span>. <span class="refsource">Orð og tunga</span>, 16, 93–122.</span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0018"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">Kristinsson, Ari Páll</span> &amp; <span class="string-name">Hilmarsson-Dunn, Amanda</span></span><span class="refline singleref">. (<span class="refyear">2013</span>).<span class="article-title"> Evaluation of different registers in Icelandic written media</span>. In <span class="string-name">T. Kristiansen</span> &amp; <span class="string-name">S. Grondelaers</span> (Eds.), <span class="refsource">Language (de)standardisation in late modern Europe: Experimental studies</span> (pp. 331–354). Oslo: Novus.<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Evaluation of different registers in Icelandic written media&amp;author=Kristinsson, Ari P%C3%A1ll&amp; &amp; &amp;author=Hilmarsson-Dunn, Amanda&amp;author=T. Kristiansen&amp; &amp; &amp;author=S. Grondelaers&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;pages=331-354" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-nref1"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">Kristoffersen, G.</span>, <span class="string-name">Kristiansen, M.</span> &amp; <span class="string-name">Røyneland, U</span></span><span class="refline singleref">. (<span class="refyear">2014</span>). <span class="article-title">Landrapport Norge: Internasjonalisering og parallelspråklighet ved norske universitet og høyskoler</span> [Country report Norway: Internationalization and parallel language use at Norwegian universities and colleges]. In <span class="string-name">F. Gregersen</span> (Ed.), <span class="refsource">Hvor parallelt. Om parallelspråkighet på Nordens universitet</span> [<span class="reftranssource">How parallel. On parallel language use at the universities in the Nordic countries</span>], TemaNord 2014:535, (pp. 197–259). Copenhagen: Nordisk Ministerråd. Url: <span class="url"><a title="http://www.norden.org/da/publikationer/publikationer/2014-535" href="http://www.norden.org/da/publikationer/publikationer/2014-535" target="links">[URL]</a></span>.<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Landrapport Norge: Internasjonalisering og parallelspr%C3%A5klighet ved norske universitet og h%C3%B8yskoler&amp;author=Kristoffersen, G.&amp;, &amp;author=Kristiansen, M.&amp; &amp; &amp;author=R%C3%B8yneland, U&amp;author=F. Gregersen&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;pages=197-259" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0020"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">Leonard, S.P.</span> &amp; <span class="string-name">Árnason, Kristján</span></span><span class="refline singleref">. (<span class="refyear">2011</span>). <span class="article-title">Language ideology and standardisation in Iceland</span>. In <span class="string-name">T. Kristiansen</span> &amp; <span class="string-name">N. Coupland</span> (Eds.), <span class="refsource">Standard languages and language standards in a changing europe</span> (pp. 9–96). Oslo: Novus.<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Language ideology and standardisation in Iceland&amp;author=Leonard, S.P.&amp; &amp; &amp;author=%C3%81rnason, Kristj%C3%A1n&amp;author=T. Kristiansen&amp; &amp; &amp;author=N. Coupland&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;pages=9-96" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0021"><span class="refauth source">Lög um stöðu íslenskrar tungu og íslensks táknmáls 61/2011</span><span class="refline otherref"> [Law on the status of Icelandic and Icelandic sign language]. (<span class="refyear">2011</span>). Althingi [Parliament]. Retrieved <span class="refmonth">June</span> <span class="refday">11</span>, 2013, from <span class="url"><a title="http://www.althingi.is/lagas/140a/2011061.html" href="http://www.althingi.is/lagas/140a/2011061.html" target="links">[URL]</a></span>.<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=L%C3%B6g um st%C3%B6%C3%B0u %C3%ADslenskrar tungu og %C3%ADslensks t%C3%A1knm%C3%A1ls 61/2011&amp;publication_year=2011" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0022"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">Milani, T.M</span></span><span class="refline singleref">. (<span class="refyear">2007</span>). <span class="article-title">Voices of endangerment: A language ideological debate on the Swedish language</span>. In <span class="string-name">A. Duchêne</span> &amp; <span class="string-name">M. Heller</span> (Eds.), <span class="refsource">Discourses of endangerment. Ideology and interest in the defence of languages</span> (pp. 169–196). London / New York: Continuum.<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Voices of endangerment: A language ideological debate on the Swedish language&amp;author=Milani, T.M&amp;author=A. Duch%C3%AAne&amp; &amp; &amp;author=M. Heller&amp;publication_year=2007&amp;pages=169-196" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0023"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">Mortensen, J.</span> &amp; <span class="string-name">Haberland, H</span></span><span class="refline singleref">. (<span class="refyear">2012</span>). <span class="article-title">English ‒ the new Latin of academia? Danish universities as a case</span>. <span class="refsource">International Journal of the Sociology of Language</span>, 216, 175197.<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=English %E2%80%92 the new Latin of academia? Danish universities as a case&amp;author=Mortensen, J.&amp; &amp; &amp;author=Haberland, H&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;journal=International Journal of the Sociology of Language&amp;volume=216&amp;pages=175-197" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0024"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">Óladóttir, Hanna</span></span><span class="refline singleref">. (<span class="refyear">2009</span>). <span class="refsource">Shake, sjeik eller mjólkurhristingur? Islandske holdninger til engelsk språkpåvirkning</span> [<span class="reftranssource"> <i>Shake, sjeik</i> or <i>mjólkurhristingur?</i> Attitudes in Iceland to English language influence</span>]. Oslo: Novus.<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Shake, sjeik eller mj%C3%B3lkurhristingur? Islandske holdninger til engelsk spr%C3%A5kp%C3%A5virkning&amp;author=%C3%93lad%C3%B3ttir, Hanna&amp;publication_year=2009" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0025"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">Ottósson, Kjartan G</span></span><span class="refline singleref">. (<span class="refyear">1997</span>). <span class="article-title">Purisme på islandsk</span> [Purism in Icelandic]. In <span class="refsource">Purisme på norsk?</span> [<span class="reftranssource">Purism in Norwegian?</span>], 31–37. Oslo: Norsk språkråd.<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Purisme p%C3%A5 islandsk&amp;author=Ott%C3%B3sson, Kjartan G&amp;publication_year=1997&amp;pages=31-37" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0026"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">Salö, L</span></span><span class="refline singleref">. (<span class="refyear">2010</span>). <span class="refsource">Engelska eller svenska? En kartläggning av språksituationen inom högre utbildning och forskning</span> [<span class="reftranssource">English or Swedish? A survey of the language situation in higher education and research</span>]. Stockholm: Språkrådet, Institutet för språk och folkminnen.<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Engelska eller svenska? En kartl%C3%A4ggning av spr%C3%A5ksituationen inom h%C3%B6gre utbildning och forskning&amp;author=Sal%C3%B6, L&amp;publication_year=2010" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0027"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">Sandøy, H.</span> &amp; <span class="string-name">Kristiansen, T</span></span><span class="refline singleref">. (<span class="refyear">2010</span>). <span class="article-title">Conclusion. Globalization and language in the Nordic countries: conditions and consequences</span>. <span class="refsource">International Journal of the Sociology of Language</span>, 204, 151–159.<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Conclusion. Globalization and language in the Nordic countries: conditions and consequences&amp;author=Sand%C3%B8y, H.&amp; &amp; &amp;author=Kristiansen, T&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;journal=International Journal of the Sociology of Language&amp;volume=204&amp;pages=151-159" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0028"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">Skutnabb-Kangas, T.</span> &amp; <span class="string-name">Phillipson, R</span></span><span class="refline singleref">. (<span class="refyear">2010</span>). <span class="article-title">The global politics of language: Markets, maintenance, marginalization, or murder</span>? In <span class="string-name">N. Coupland</span> (Ed.), <span class="refsource">The handbook of language and globalization</span> (pp. 77–100). Oxford: Blackwell. <span class="doi"><a class="doilink" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781444324068.ch3" title="Permanent DOI link: 10.1002/9781444324068.ch3" target="links"><span class="doi-logo-container"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg" alt="DOI logo"></span></a></span><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The global politics of language: Markets, maintenance, marginalization, or murder&amp;author=Skutnabb-Kangas, T.&amp; &amp; &amp;author=Phillipson, R&amp;author=N. Coupland&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;pages=77-100" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0029"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">Spolsky, B</span></span><span class="refline singleref">. (<span class="refyear">2004</span>). <span class="refsource">Language policy</span>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Language policy&amp;author=Spolsky, B&amp;publication_year=2004" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0030"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">Thøgersen, J</span></span><span class="refline singleref">. (<span class="refyear">2004</span>). <span class="article-title">Attitudes towards the English influx in the Nordic countries: A quantitative investigation</span>. <span class="refsource">Nordic Journal of English Studies</span>, 3(2), 23–38.<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Attitudes towards the English influx in the Nordic countries: A quantitative investigation&amp;author=Th%C3%B8gersen, J&amp;publication_year=2004&amp;journal=Nordic Journal of English Studies&amp;volume=3&amp;issue=2&amp;pages=23-38" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> <div class="reference" id="wlp.5.08kri-CIT0031"><span class="refauth"><span class="string-name">Vikør, L.S</span></span><span class="refline singleref">. (<span class="refyear">2010</span>). <span class="article-title">Language purism in the Nordic countries</span>. <span class="refsource">International Journal of the Sociology of Language</span>, 204, 9–30.<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Language purism in the Nordic countries&amp;author=Vik%C3%B8r, L.S&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;journal=International Journal of the Sociology of Language&amp;volume=204&amp;pages=9-30" target="links"><span class="google-scholar-logo-container" title="Find on Google Scholar"><img src="https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg" alt="Google Scholar" width="20px" height="20px"></span></a></span></div> </section> </details> </div> <script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'8e94c6e15b4c9d17',t:'MTczMjczODM4Ni4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body> </main> <footer> <div id="footer-content"><a href="content/about/companyprofile">About us</a><span class="pipe"> | </span><a href="content/disclaimer">Disclaimer</a><span class="pipe"> | </span><a href="content/privacypolicy">Privacy policy</a><span class="pipe"> | </span><a href="https://www.facebook.com/John-Benjamins-Publishing-Company-1754377524795200/"><img src="/logos/facebook.png" border="0" title="Follow John Benjamins on Facebook"></a><span class="pipe"> | </span><a href="https://www.instagram.com/jb_publishing_company/"><img src="/logos/instagram.svg" border="0" title="Follow John Benjamins on Instagram"></a><span class="pipe"> | </span><a title="Follow John Benjamins on LinkedIn" href="https://linkedin.com/company/john-benjamins-publishing-company"><span class="follow-button"> <svg viewBox="-12 -10 60 60" x="0" y="0" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin meet" class="linkedin-logo"> <rect width="28" height="28" x="5" y="5" class="fill-white"></rect> <g class="fill-blue"> <path d="M34.5,3H5.6C4.2,3,3,4.1,3,5.4v29.1C3,35.9,4.2,37,5.6,37h29C35.9,37,37,35.9,37,34.6V5.4C37,4.1,35.9,3,34.5,3zM13,32H8V16h5V32zM10.5,13.9c-1.9,0-3.4-1.5-3.4-3.4c0-1.9,1.5-3.4,3.4-3.4s3.4,1.5,3.4,3.4C13.9,12.4,12.4,13.9,10.5,13.9zM32,32h-5v-7.9c0-2.4-1-4-2.6-4c-2.3,0-3.4,2.1-3.4,4.6V32h-5V16h5v2.1c0.8-1.4,2.2-2.5,4.7-2.5c4.7,0,6.3,1.7,6.3,5.4V32z"></path> </g> </svg></span></a><span class="pipe"> | </span><a href="https://antiq.benjamins.com">Antiquariat</a><span class="server-name">https://benjamins.com</span></div> </footer> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10