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evaporation technique</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: slow evaporation technique"> <meta name="keywords" content="slow evaporation technique"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="slow evaporation technique"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 7492</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: slow evaporation technique</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7492</span> Growth and Characterization of Bis-Thiourea Nickel Barium Chloride Single Crystals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakesh%20Hajiyani">Rakesh Hajiyani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chetan%20Chauhan"> Chetan Chauhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harshkant%20Jethva"> Harshkant Jethva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mihir%20Joshi"> Mihir Joshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metal bis-thiourea type organo-metallic crystals are popular as non-linear optical materials. Bis-thiourea nickel barium chloride was synthesized and crystals were grown by slow aqueous solvent evaporation technique. The transparent and colorless crystals having maximum dimensions of 13 mm x 8 mm x 2.2 mm were obtained. The EDAX was carried out to estimate the content of nickel and barium in the grown crystals. The powder XRD analysis suggested orthorhombic crystal structure with unit cell parameters as: a= 9.70 Å, b= 10.68 Å and c= 17.95 Å. The FTIR spectroscopy study confirmed the presence of various functional groups. The UV-vis spectroscopy study indicated that the crystals were transparent in the visible region with 90% transmittance level further optical parameters were studied. From the TGA it was found that the crystals remained stable up to 170 0C and then decomposed through two decomposition stages. The dielectric study was carried out in the frequency range of applied field from 500 Hz to 1 MHz. The variations of dielectric constant, dielectric loss were studied with frequency. It was found that the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss decreased as the frequency of applied field increased. The results are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystal%20growth" title="crystal growth">crystal growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20study" title=" dielectric study"> dielectric study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20parameters" title=" optical parameters"> optical parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organo-metallic%20crystals" title=" organo-metallic crystals"> organo-metallic crystals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder%20xrd" title=" powder xrd"> powder xrd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow%20evaporation%20technique" title=" slow evaporation technique"> slow evaporation technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TGA" title=" TGA"> TGA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36334/growth-and-characterization-of-bis-thiourea-nickel-barium-chloride-single-crystals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36334.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">450</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7491</span> Wicking and Evaporation of Liquids in Knitted Fabrics: Analytic Solution of Capillary Rise Restrained by Gravity and Evaporation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20S.%20Achour">N. S. Achour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hamdaoui"> M. Hamdaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ben%20Nasrallah"> S. Ben Nasrallah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wicking and evaporation of water in porous knitted fabrics is investigated by combining experimental and analytical approaches: The standard wicking model from Lucas and Washburn is enhanced to account for evaporation and gravity effects. The goal is to model the effect of gravity and evaporation on wicking using simple analytical expressions and investigate the influence of fabrics geometrical parameters, such as porosity and thickness on evaporation impact on maximum reachable height values. The results show that fabric properties have a significant influence on evaporation effect. In this paper, an experimental study of determining water kinetics from different knitted fabrics were gravimetrically investigated permitting the measure of the mass and the height of liquid rising in fabrics in various atmospheric conditions. From these measurements, characteristic pore parameters (capillary radius and permeability) can be determined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporation" title="evaporation">evaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20study" title=" experimental study"> experimental study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometrical%20parameters" title=" geometrical parameters"> geometrical parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20knitted%20fabrics" title=" porous knitted fabrics"> porous knitted fabrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wicking" title=" wicking"> wicking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27286/wicking-and-evaporation-of-liquids-in-knitted-fabrics-analytic-solution-of-capillary-rise-restrained-by-gravity-and-evaporation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">582</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7490</span> Investigation of Knitted Fabric Properties Effect on Evaporation Rate </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20S.%20Achour">N. S. Achour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hamdaoui"> M. Hamdaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ben%20Nasrallah"> S. Ben Nasrallah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Evaporation kinetics of water from porous knitted fabrics are studied: An experimental study of determining evaporated water mass (g) versus time (s) from different knitted fabrics was gravimetrically investigated in various atmospheric conditions. Then evaporation rates are calculated. The goal is to determine the effect of fabric composition, knit structure and yarns properties on evaporation rate. The results show that fabrics geometrical properties, such as porosity and thickness, have a significant influence on evaporated water quantities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporation%20rate" title="evaporation rate">evaporation rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20study" title=" experimental study"> experimental study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometrical%20properties" title=" geometrical properties"> geometrical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20knitted%20fabrics" title=" porous knitted fabrics"> porous knitted fabrics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29062/investigation-of-knitted-fabric-properties-effect-on-evaporation-rate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">503</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7489</span> Development of Vertically Integrated 2D Lake Victoria Flow Models in COMSOL Multiphysics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seema%20Paul">Seema Paul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jesper%20Oppelstrup"> Jesper Oppelstrup</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roger%20Thunvik"> Roger Thunvik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Cvetkovic"> Vladimir Cvetkovic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lake Victoria is the second largest fresh water body in the world, located in East Africa with a catchment area of 250,000 km², of which 68,800 km² is the actual lake surface. The hydrodynamic processes of the shallow (40–80 m deep) water system are unique due to its location at the equator, which makes Coriolis effects weak. The paper describes a St.Venant shallow water model of Lake Victoria developed in COMSOL Multiphysics software, a general purpose finite element tool for solving partial differential equations. Depth soundings taken in smaller parts of the lake were combined with recent more extensive data to resolve the discrepancies of the lake shore coordinates. The topography model must have continuous gradients, and Delaunay triangulation with Gaussian smoothing was used to produce the lake depth model. The model shows large-scale flow patterns, passive tracer concentration and water level variations in response to river and tracer inflow, rain and evaporation, and wind stress. Actual data of precipitation, evaporation, in- and outflows were applied in a fifty-year simulation model. It should be noted that the water balance is dominated by rain and evaporation and model simulations are validated by Matlab and COMSOL. The model conserves water volume, the celerity gradients are very small, and the volume flow is very slow and irrotational except at river mouths. Numerical experiments show that the single outflow can be modelled by a simple linear control law responding only to mean water level, except for a few instances. Experiments with tracer input in rivers show very slow dispersion of the tracer, a result of the slow mean velocities, in turn, caused by the near-balance of rain with evaporation. The numerical and hydrodynamical model can evaluate the effects of wind stress which is exerted by the wind on the lake surface that will impact on lake water level. Also, model can evaluate the effects of the expected climate change, as manifest in changes to rainfall over the catchment area of Lake Victoria in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bathymetry" title="bathymetry">bathymetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lake%20flow%20and%20steady%20state%20analysis" title=" lake flow and steady state analysis"> lake flow and steady state analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20level%20validation%20and%20concentration" title=" water level validation and concentration"> water level validation and concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20stress" title=" wind stress"> wind stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77462/development-of-vertically-integrated-2d-lake-victoria-flow-models-in-comsol-multiphysics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77462.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7488</span> Thiourea: Single Crystal with Non Linear Optical Characteristics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kishor%20C.%20Poria">Kishor C. Poria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepak%20Adroja"> Deepak Adroja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arvind%20Bajaj"> Arvind Bajaj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the last few decades, the growth of single crystals has attained enormous importance for both academic research and technology. Single crystals are pillars of modern technology. In recent emerging trends of photonics and optoelectronics technology, there has been increased need for organic and semi organic materials for Non-Linear Optical (NLO) applications. The paper dealt with the initiation of good single crystals of thiourea and metal doped thiourea. The authors have successfully grown thiourea (pure) and metal doped thiourea crystals using relatively simple and inexpensive slow evaporation of aqueous solution technique. Pure thiourea crystals were grown with different light intensities and frequencies as there growth conditions. Metals (Cu, Co, Ni, Fe) doped crystals were grown using a simple evaporation technique. The paper explains growth methods and associated grown parameters in detail. The average size of the crystal is varied in size from 40 mm x 1mm to 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm to 0.5 mm. Crystals obtained are hexagonal, tetragonal, and rectangular in shape with different optical qualities. All grown crystals are characterized using X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), Ultra Violet Visible analysis, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry. Their non-linear optical characteristics were determined by Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) and their Laser Dispersive analysis. The grown crystals are characterized using Nd:YAG laser and the highest conversion efficiency of the signal pass light are calculated. It shows 58 % of standard values for KDP crystals. All results are summarized in this work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystal" title="crystal">crystal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal-doped%20thiourea" title=" metal-doped thiourea"> metal-doped thiourea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20optical" title=" non-linear optical"> non-linear optical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NLO" title=" NLO"> NLO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thiourea" title=" thiourea "> thiourea </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123179/thiourea-single-crystal-with-non-linear-optical-characteristics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123179.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7487</span> Boundary Motion by Curvature: Accessible Modeling of Oil Spill Evaporation/Dissipation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary%20Miller">Gary Miller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andriy%20Didenko"> Andriy Didenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Allison"> David Allison</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The boundary of a region in the plane shrinks according to its curvature. A simple algorithm based upon this motion by curvature performed by a spreadsheet simulates the evaporation/dissipation behavior of oil spill boundaries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modeling" title="mathematical modeling">mathematical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil" title=" oil"> oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporation" title=" evaporation"> evaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissipation" title=" dissipation"> dissipation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary" title=" boundary"> boundary</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13621/boundary-motion-by-curvature-accessible-modeling-of-oil-spill-evaporationdissipation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">510</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7486</span> Concentration of Waste Waters by Enzyme-Assisted Low-Temperature Evaporation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahokas%20Mikko">Ahokas Mikko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taskila%20Sanna"> Taskila Sanna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Varrio%20Kalle"> Varrio Kalle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanskanen%20Juha"> Tanskanen Juha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present research aimed at the development of an energy efficient process for the concentration of starchy waste waters. The selected principle is mechanical vapor recompression evaporation (MVR) which leads to concentrated solid material and evaporated water phase. Evaporation removes water until a certain viscosity limit is reached. Materials with high viscosity cannot be concentrated using standard evaporators due to limitations of pumps and other constraints, such as wetting. Control of viscosity is thus essential for efficient evaporation. This applies especially to fluids in which due starch or other compounds the viscosity tends to increase via removal of water. In the present research, the effect of enzymes on evaporation of highly viscous starch industry waste waters was investigated. Wastewater samples were received from starch industry at pH of 4.8. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for the investigation of factor effects on the behaviour of concentrate during evaporation. The RSM was prepared using quadratic face-centered central composite design (CCF). The evaporation performance was evaluated by monitoring the viscosity of fluid during processing. Based on viscosity curves, the addition of glucoamylase reduced the viscosity during evaporation. This assumption was confirmed by CCF, suggesting that the use of starch decomposing glucoamylase allowed evaporation of the starchy wastewater to a relatively high total solid concentration without a detrimental increase in the viscosity. The results suggest that use of enzymes for reduction of viscosity during the evaporation allows more effective concentration of the wastewater and thereby recovery of potable water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscous" title="viscous">viscous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater"> wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treatment" title=" treatment"> treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporation" title=" evaporation"> evaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration" title=" concentration"> concentration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66441/concentration-of-waste-waters-by-enzyme-assisted-low-temperature-evaporation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66441.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7485</span> Looking for a Connection between Oceanic Regions with Trends in Evaporation with Continental Ones with Trends in Precipitation through a Lagrangian Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raquel%20Nieto">Raquel Nieto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marta%20V%C3%A1zquez"> Marta Vázquez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anita%20Drumond"> Anita Drumond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luis%20Gimeno"> Luis Gimeno</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the hot spots of climate change is the increment of ocean evaporation. The best estimation of evaporation, OAFlux data, shows strong increasing trends in evaporation from the oceans since 1978, with peaks during the hemispheric winter and strongest along the paths of the global western boundary currents and any inner Seas. The transport of moisture from oceanic sources to the continents is the connection between evaporation from the ocean and precipitation over the continents. A key question is to try to relate evaporative source regions over the oceans where trends have occurred in the last decades with their sinks over the continents to check if there have been also any trends in the precipitation amount or its characteristics. A Lagrangian approach based on FLEXPART and ERA-interim data is used to establish this connection. The analyzed period was 1980 to 2012. Results show that there is not a general pattern, but a significant agreement was found in important areas of climate interest. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocean%20evaporation" title="ocean evaporation">ocean evaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lagrangian%20approaches" title=" Lagrangian approaches"> Lagrangian approaches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contiental%20precipitation" title=" contiental precipitation"> contiental precipitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Europe" title=" Europe"> Europe</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38234/looking-for-a-connection-between-oceanic-regions-with-trends-in-evaporation-with-continental-ones-with-trends-in-precipitation-through-a-lagrangian-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38234.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7484</span> Production of a Sustainable Slow-Release Urea Fertilizer Using Starch and Poly-Vinyl Alcohol</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20H.%20Shokry">A. M. H. Shokry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20S.%20M.%20El-Tayeb"> N. S. M. El-Tayeb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The environmental impacts caused by fertilizers call for the adaptation of more sustainable technologies in order to increase agricultural production and reduce pollution due to high nutrient emissions. One particular technique has been to coat urea fertilizer granules with less-soluble chemicals that permit the gradual release of nutrients in a slow and controlled manner. The aim of this research is to develop a biodegradable slow-release fertilizer (SRF) with materials that come from sustainable sources; starch and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The slow-release behavior and water retention capacity of the coated granules were determined. In addition, the aqueous release and absorbency rates were also tested. Results confirmed that the release rate from coated granules was slower than through plain membranes; and that the water absorption capacity of the coated urea decreased as PVA content increased. The SRF was also tested and gave positive results that confirmed the integrity of the product. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradability" title="biodegradability">biodegradability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen-use%20efficiency" title=" nitrogen-use efficiency"> nitrogen-use efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly-vinyl%20alcohol" title=" poly-vinyl alcohol"> poly-vinyl alcohol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow-release%20fertilizer" title=" slow-release fertilizer"> slow-release fertilizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139377/production-of-a-sustainable-slow-release-urea-fertilizer-using-starch-and-poly-vinyl-alcohol" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139377.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7483</span> Modeling Pan Evaporation Using Intelligent Methods of ANN, LSSVM and Tree Model M5 (Case Study: Shahroud and Mayamey Stations)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamidreza%20Ghazvinian">Hamidreza Ghazvinian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khosro%20Ghazvinian"> Khosro Ghazvinian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Touba%20Khodaiean"> Touba Khodaiean</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The importance of evaporation estimation in water resources and agricultural studies is undeniable. Pan evaporation are used as an indicator to determine the evaporation of lakes and reservoirs around the world due to the ease of interpreting its data. In this research, intelligent models were investigated in estimating pan evaporation on a daily basis. Shahroud and Mayamey were considered as the studied cities. These two cities are located in Semnan province in Iran. The mentioned cities have dry weather conditions that are susceptible to high evaporation potential. Meteorological data of 11 years of synoptic stations of Shahrood and Mayamey cities were used. The intelligent models used in this study are Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LSSVM), and M5 tree models. Meteorological parameters of minimum and maximum air temperature (Tmax, Tmin), wind speed (WS), sunshine hours (SH), air pressure (PA), relative humidity (RH) as selected input data and evaporation data from pan (EP) to The output data was considered. 70% of data is used at the education level, and 30 % of the data is used at the test level. Models used with explanation coefficient evaluation (R2) Root of Mean Squares Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The results for the two Shahroud and Mayamey stations showed that the above three models' operations are rather appropriate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pan%20evaporation" title="pan evaporation">pan evaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20methods" title=" intelligent methods"> intelligent methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shahroud" title=" shahroud"> shahroud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mayamey" title=" mayamey"> mayamey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159379/modeling-pan-evaporation-using-intelligent-methods-of-ann-lssvm-and-tree-model-m5-case-study-shahroud-and-mayamey-stations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159379.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7482</span> Analysis of Evaporation of Liquid Ammonia in a Vertical Cylindrical Storage Tank</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chikh">S. Chikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Boulifa"> S. Boulifa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study addresses the problem of ammonia evaporation during filling of a vertical cylindrical tank and the influence of various external factors on the stability of storage by determining the conditions for minimum evaporation. Numerical simulation is carried out by solving the governing equations namely, continuity, momentum, energy, and diffusion of species. The effect of temperature of surrounding air, the filling speed of the reservoir and the temperature of the filling liquid ammonia on the evaporation rate is investigated. Results show that the temperature of the filling liquid has little effect on the liquid ammonia for a short period, which, in fact, is function of the filling speed. The evaporation rate along the free surface of the liquid is non-uniform. The inlet temperature affects the vapor ammonia temperature because of pressure increase. The temperature of the surrounding air affects the temperature of the vapor phase rather than the liquid phase. The maximum of evaporation is reached at the final step of filling. In order to minimize loss of ammonia vapors automatically causing losses in quantity of the liquid stored, it is suggested to ensure the proper insulation for the walls and roof of the reservoir and to increase the filling speed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporation" title="evaporation">evaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20ammonia" title=" liquid ammonia"> liquid ammonia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage%20tank" title=" storage tank"> storage tank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49166/analysis-of-evaporation-of-liquid-ammonia-in-a-vertical-cylindrical-storage-tank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49166.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7481</span> Effect of Thickness on Structural and Electrical Properties of CuAlS2 Thin Films Grown by Two Stage Vacuum Thermal Evaporation Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20U.%20Moreh">A. U. Moreh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Momoh"> M. Momoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20N.%20Yahya"> H. N. Yahya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Hamza"> B. Hamza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20G.%20Saidu"> I. G. Saidu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Abdullahi"> S. Abdullahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work studies the effect of thickness on structural and electrical properties of CuAlS2 thin films grown by two stage vacuum thermal evaporation technique. CuAlS2 thin films of thicknesses 50nm, 100nm and 200nm were deposited on suitably cleaned corning 7059 glass substrate at room temperature (RT). In the first stage Cu-Al precursors were grown at room temperature by thermal evaporation and in the second stage Cu-Al precursors were converted to CuAlS2 thin films by sulfurisation under sulfur atmosphere at the temperature of 673K. The structural properties of the films were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique while electrical properties of the specimens were studied using four point probe method. The XRD studies revealed that the films are of crystalline in nature having tetragonal structure. The variations of the micro-structural parameters, such as crystallite size (D), dislocation density ( ), and micro-strain ( ), with film thickness were investigated. The results showed that the crystallite sizes increase as the thickness of the film increases. The dislocation density and micro-strain decreases as the thickness increases. The resistivity (  ) of CuAlS2 film is found to decrease with increase in film thickness, which is related to the increase of carrier concentration with film thickness. Thus thicker films exhibit the lowest resistivity and high carrier concentration, implying these are the most conductive films. Low electrical resistivity and high carrier concentration are widely used as the essential components in various optoelectronic devices such as light-emitting diode and photovoltaic cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CuAlS2" title="CuAlS2">CuAlS2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporation" title=" evaporation"> evaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulfurisation" title=" sulfurisation"> sulfurisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thickness" title=" thickness"> thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistivity" title=" resistivity"> resistivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystalline" title=" crystalline"> crystalline</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10459/effect-of-thickness-on-structural-and-electrical-properties-of-cuals2-thin-films-grown-by-two-stage-vacuum-thermal-evaporation-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10459.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">483</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7480</span> Solar Pond: Some Issues in Their Management and Mathematical Description</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Abdullah">A. A. Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20A.%20Lindsay"> K. A. Lindsay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The management of a salt-gradient is investigated with respect to the interaction between the solar pond and its associated evaporation pond. Issues considered are the impact of precipitation and the operation of the flushing system with particular reference to the case in which the flushing fluid is pure water. Results suggest that a management strategy based on a flushing system that simply replaces evaporation losses of water from the solar pond and evaporation pond will be optimally efficient. Such a management strategy will maintain the operational viability of a salt-gradient solar pond as a reservoir of cheap heat while simultaneously ensuring that the associated evaporation pond can feed the storage zone of the solar pond with sufficient saturated brine to balance the effect of salt diffusion. Other findings are, first, that once near saturation is achieved in the evaporation pond, the efficacy of the proposed management strategy is relatively insensitive to both the size of the evaporation pond or its depth, and second, small changes in the extraction of heat from the storage zone of a salt-gradient solar pond have an amplified effect on the temperature of that zone. The possibility of boiling of the storage zone cannot be ignored in a well-configured salt-gradient solar pond. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aqueous%20sodium%20chloride" title="aqueous sodium chloride">aqueous sodium chloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutive%20expression" title=" constitutive expression"> constitutive expression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20pond" title=" solar pond"> solar pond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt-gradient" title=" salt-gradient"> salt-gradient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42081/solar-pond-some-issues-in-their-management-and-mathematical-description" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42081.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7479</span> Production of Energetic Nanomaterials by Spray Flash Evaporation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Klaum%C3%BCnzer">Martin Klaumünzer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jakob%20H%C3%BCbner"> Jakob Hübner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denis%20Spitzer"> Denis Spitzer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Within this paper, latest results on processing of energetic nanomaterials by means of the Spray Flash Evaporation technique are presented. This technology constitutes a highly effective and continuous way to prepare fascinating materials on the nano- and micro-scale. Within the process, a solution is set under high pressure and sprayed into an evacuated atomization chamber. Subsequent ultrafast evaporation of the solvent leads to an aerosol stream, which is separated by cyclones or filters. No drying gas is required, so the present technique should not be confused with spray dying. Resulting nanothermites, insensitive explosives or propellants and compositions are foreseen to replace toxic (according to REACH) and very sensitive matter in military and civil applications. Diverse examples are given in detail: nano-RDX (n-Cyclotrimethylentrinitramin) and nano-aluminum based systems, mixtures (n-RDX/n-TNT - trinitrotoluene) or even cocrystalline matter like n-CL-20/HMX (Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane/ Cyclotetra-methylentetranitramin). These nanomaterials show reduced sensitivity by trend without losing effectiveness and performance. An analytical study for material characterization was performed by using Atomic Force Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, and combined techniques as well as spectroscopic methods. As a matter of course, sensitivity tests regarding electrostatic discharge, impact, and friction are provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20synthesis" title="continuous synthesis">continuous synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energetic%20material" title=" energetic material"> energetic material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoscale" title=" nanoscale"> nanoscale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoexplosive" title=" nanoexplosive"> nanoexplosive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanothermite" title=" nanothermite"> nanothermite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53394/production-of-energetic-nanomaterials-by-spray-flash-evaporation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53394.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7478</span> Cognitive SATP for Airborne Radar Based on Slow-Time Coding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fanqiang%20Kong">Fanqiang Kong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jindong%20Zhang"> Jindong Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daiyin%20Zhu"> Daiyin Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) techniques have been motivated as a key enabling technology for advanced airborne radar applications. In this paper, the notion of cognitive radar is extended to STAP technique, and cognitive STAP is discussed. The principle for improving signal-to-clutter ratio (SCNR) based on slow-time coding is given, and the corresponding optimization algorithm based on cyclic and power-like algorithms is presented. Numerical examples show the effectiveness of the proposed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space-time%20adaptive%20processing%20%28STAP%29" title="space-time adaptive processing (STAP)">space-time adaptive processing (STAP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airborne%20radar" title=" airborne radar"> airborne radar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal-to-clutter%20ratio" title=" signal-to-clutter ratio"> signal-to-clutter ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow-time%20coding" title=" slow-time coding"> slow-time coding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71518/cognitive-satp-for-airborne-radar-based-on-slow-time-coding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7477</span> Theoretical Prediction on the Lifetime of Sessile Evaporating Droplet in Blade Cooling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Shen">Yang Shen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongpan%20Cheng"> Yongpan Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinliang%20Xu"> Jinliang Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effective blade cooling is of great significance for improving the performance of turbine. The mist cooling emerges as the promising way compared with the transitional single-phase cooling. In the mist cooling, the injected droplet will evaporate rapidly, and cool down the blade surface due to the absorbed latent heat, hence the lifetime for evaporating droplet becomes critical for design of cooling passages for the blade. So far there have been extensive studies on the droplet evaporation, but usually the isothermal model is applied for most of the studies. Actually the surface cooling effect can affect the droplet evaporation greatly, it can prolong the droplet evaporation lifetime significantly. In our study, a new theoretical model for sessile droplet evaporation with surface cooling effect is built up in toroidal coordinate. Three evaporation modes are analyzed during the evaporation lifetime, include “Constant Contact Radius”(CCR) mode、“Constant Contact Angle”(CCA) mode and “stick-slip”(SS) mode. The dimensionless number E0 is introduced to indicate the strength of the evaporative cooling, it is defined based on the thermal properties of the liquid and the atmosphere. Our model can predict accurately the lifetime of evaporation by validating with available experimental data. Then the temporal variation of droplet volume, contact angle and contact radius are presented under CCR, CCA and SS mode, the following conclusions are obtained. 1) The larger the dimensionless number E0, the longer the lifetime of three evaporation cases is; 2) The droplet volume over time still follows “2/3 power law” in the CCA mode, as in the isothermal model without the cooling effect; 3) In the “SS” mode, the large transition contact angle can reduce the evaporation time in CCR mode, and increase the time in CCA mode, the overall lifetime will be increased; 4) The correction factor for predicting instantaneous volume of the droplet is derived to predict the droplet life time accurately. These findings may be of great significance to explore the dynamics and heat transfer of sessile droplet evaporation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blade%20cooling" title="blade cooling">blade cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=droplet%20evaporation" title=" droplet evaporation"> droplet evaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifetime" title=" lifetime"> lifetime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical%20analysis" title=" theoretical analysis"> theoretical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118748/theoretical-prediction-on-the-lifetime-of-sessile-evaporating-droplet-in-blade-cooling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7476</span> Evaluation of Trapping Efficiency of Slow Released Formulations of Methyl Eugenol with Lanolin Wax against Bactrocera zonata</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Afzal%20Naveed">Waleed Afzal Naveed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammd%20Dildar%20Gogi"> Muhammd Dildar Gogi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sufian"> Muhammad Sufian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Amjad%20Ali"> Muhammad Amjad Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Junaid%20Nisar"> Muhammad Junaid Nisar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubashar%20Iqbal"> Mubashar Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amna%20Jalal"> Amna Jalal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faisal%20Munir"> Faisal Munir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study was carried out to evaluate the performance of Slow-Released Formulations (SRF) of Methyl eugenol with Lanolin wax in orchard of the University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan against fruit flies. Lanolin wax was mixed with methyl eugenol in nine ratios (10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20 and 90:10). The results revealed that SRFₗₗ-7 trapped 42.1 flies /day/trap, exhibited an attractancy index (AI) of 51.71%, proved strongly attractive SRFₗₗ for B. zonata and was categorized as Class-III slow-released formulation (AI > 50%). The SRFₗₗ-2, SRFₗₗ-3, SRFₗₗ-4, SRFₗₗ-5, SRFₗₗ-6, SRFₗₗ-8 and SRFₗₗ-9 trapped 17.7, 27.9, 32.3, 23.8, 28.3, 37.8 and 19.9 flies /day/trap, exhibited an attractancy index (AI) of 20.54%, 41.02%, 26.00%, 34.15%, 43.50%, 49.86% and 46.07% AI respectively, proved moderately attractive slow-released formulations for B. zonata and were categorized as Class-II slow-released formulations (AI = 11-50%). However, SRFₗₗ-1 trapped 14.8 flies /day/trap, exhibited 0.71% AI proved little or nonattractive slow-released formulation and was categorized as Class-I slow-released formulation for B. zonata (AI < 11%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bactrocera%20zonata" title="Bactrocera zonata">Bactrocera zonata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow-released%20formulation" title=" slow-released formulation"> slow-released formulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lenoline%20wax" title=" lenoline wax"> lenoline wax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methyl%20euginol" title=" methyl euginol"> methyl euginol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97291/evaluation-of-trapping-efficiency-of-slow-released-formulations-of-methyl-eugenol-with-lanolin-wax-against-bactrocera-zonata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7475</span> Opto-Electronic Study of the Silicon Nitride Doped Cerium Thin Films Deposed by Evaporation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bekhedda%20Kheira">Bekhedda Kheira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rare earth-doped luminescent materials (Ce, Eu, Yb, Tb, etc.) are now widely used in flat-screen displays, fluorescent lamps, and photovoltaic solar cells. They exhibit several fine emission bands in a spectral range from near UV to infrared when added to inorganic materials. This study chose cerium oxide (CeO2) because of its exceptional intrinsic properties, energy levels, and ease of implementation of doped layer synthesis. In this study, thin films were obtained by the evaporation deposition technique of cerium oxide (CeO2) on silicon Nitride (SiNx) layers and then annealing under nitrogen N2. The characterization of these films was carried out by different techniques, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to visualize morphological properties and (EDS) was used to determine the elemental composition of individual dots, optical analysis characterization of thin films was studied by a spectrophotometer in reflectance mode to determine different energies gap of the nanostructured layers and to adjust these values for the photovoltaic application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20films" title="thin films">thin films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title=" photovoltaic"> photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rare%20earth" title=" rare earth"> rare earth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporation" title=" evaporation"> evaporation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171251/opto-electronic-study-of-the-silicon-nitride-doped-cerium-thin-films-deposed-by-evaporation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7474</span> Evaluating Evaporation and Seepage Losses in Lakes Using Sentinel Images and the Water Balance Equation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelrahman%20Elsehsah">Abdelrahman Elsehsah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this study is to assess changes in the water capacity of Aswan High Dam Lake (AHDL) caused by evaporation and seepage losses. To achieve this objective, a comprehensive methodology was employed. The methodology involves acquiring Sentinel-3 imagery and extracting the surface area of the lake using remote sensing techniques. Using water areas calculated from sentinel images, collected field data, and the lake’s water balance equation, monthly evaporation and seepage losses were estimated for the years 2021 and 2022. Based on the water balance method results, the average monthly evaporation losses for the year 2021 were estimated to be around 1.41 billion cubic meters (Bm3), which closely matches the estimates provided by the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI) annual reports (approximately 1.37 Bm3 in the same year). This means that the water balance method slightly overestimated the monthly evaporation losses by about 2.92%. Similarly, the average monthly seepage losses for the year 2022 were estimated to be around 0.005 Bm3, while the MWRI reports indicated approximately 0.0046 Bm3. By another means, the water balance method overestimated the monthly seepage losses by about 8.70%. Furthermore, the study found that the average monthly evaporation rate within AHDL was 210.88 mm/month, which closely aligns with the computed value of approximately 204.9 mm/month by AHDA. These findings indicated that the applied water balance method, utilizing remote sensing and field data, is a reliable tool for estimating monthly evaporation and seepage losses as well as monthly evaporation rates in AHDL. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aswan%20high%20dam%20lake" title="Aswan high dam lake">Aswan high dam lake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing"> remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20balance%20equation" title=" water balance equation"> water balance equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seepage%20loss" title=" seepage loss"> seepage loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporation%20loss" title=" evaporation loss"> evaporation loss</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188529/evaluating-evaporation-and-seepage-losses-in-lakes-using-sentinel-images-and-the-water-balance-equation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">34</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7473</span> A Review of Atomization Mechanisms Used for Spray Flash Evaporation: Their Effectiveness and Proposal of Rotary Bell Atomizer for Flashing Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murad%20A.%20Channa">Murad A. Channa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Khiadani.%20Yasir%20Al-Abdeli"> Mehdi Khiadani. Yasir Al-Abdeli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Considering the severity of water scarcity around the world and its widening at an alarming rate, practical improvements in desalination techniques need to be engineered at the earliest. Atomization is the major aspect of flashing phenomena, yet it has been paid less attention to until now. There is a need to test efficient ways of atomization for the flashing process. Flash evaporation together with reverse osmosis is also a commercially matured desalination technique commonly famous as Multi-stage Flash (MSF). Even though reverse osmosis is massively practical, it is not economical or sustainable compared to flash evaporation. However, flashing evaporation has its drawbacks as well such as lower efficiency of water production per higher consumption of power and time. Flash evaporation is simply the instant boiling of a subcooled liquid which is introduced as droplets in a well-maintained negative environment. This negative pressure inside the vacuum increases the temperature of the liquid droplets far above their boiling point, which results in the release of latent heat, and the liquid droplets turn into vapor which is collected to be condensed back into an impurity-free liquid in a condenser. Atomization is the main difference between pool and spray flash evaporation. Atomization is the heart of the flash evaporation process as it increases the evaporating surface area per drop atomized. Atomization can be categorized into many levels depending on its drop size, which again becomes crucial for increasing the droplet density (drop count) per given flow rate. This review comprehensively summarizes the selective results relating to the methods of atomization and their effectiveness on the evaporation rate from earlier works to date. In addition, the reviewers propose using centrifugal atomization for the flashing application, which brings several advantages viz ultra-fine droplets, uniform droplet density, and the swirling geometry of the spray with kinetically more energetic sprays during their flight. Finally, several challenges of using rotary bell atomizer (RBA) and RBA Sprays inside the chamber have been identified which will be explored in detail. A schematic of rotary bell atomizer (RBA) integration with the chamber has been designed. This powerful centrifugal atomization has the potential to increase potable water production in commercial multi-stage flash evaporators, where it would be preferably advantageous. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atomization" title="atomization">atomization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desalination" title=" desalination"> desalination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flash%20evaporation" title=" flash evaporation"> flash evaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotary%20bell%20atomizer" title=" rotary bell atomizer"> rotary bell atomizer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162448/a-review-of-atomization-mechanisms-used-for-spray-flash-evaporation-their-effectiveness-and-proposal-of-rotary-bell-atomizer-for-flashing-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162448.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7472</span> Identifying Future Helminth Zoonotic in Indonesian Slow Loris (Nycticebus coucang)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nafisatul%20Ulfa">Nafisatul Ulfa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elok%20Budi%20Retnani"> Elok Budi Retnani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20P.%20Agus%20Lelana"> R. P. Agus Lelana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Emerging zoonotic parasite infection could originate in wildlife so its time very important to identify zoonotic agents in wild populations or maintained. According to the International Union Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Sumateran slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) was protected primate which have vulnerable status. Their population in wildlife decreased cause hunting for trade and destroy habitat. Helminthiasis can caused dead regularly and its so The study was conducted to know prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth infection of slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) in The Centre of Primate Rehabilitation of International Animal Rescue Indonesia (YIARI). Total of 13 fecal sampel from captive group of Nycticebus coucang were collected for 6 days and analysed from Februari-Mei 2014 by using McMaster, flotasion and Baermann technique. All fecal sampel was examined based on its fecal pool. Out of 13 fecal sampel examined, all of sampel (100%) was infected with five types of helminth Ascaris (84,61%), Hymenolepis (76,92%), Strongylid (61,54%), Oxyurid (15,38%) dan Trichuris (7,69%). The average number of egg per gram (EPG) was 11-1810. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fecal" title="fecal">fecal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=helminth" title=" helminth"> helminth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nycticebus%20coucang" title=" Nycticebus coucang"> Nycticebus coucang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parasite" title=" parasite"> parasite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence" title=" prevalence"> prevalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow%20loris" title=" slow loris"> slow loris</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18321/identifying-future-helminth-zoonotic-in-indonesian-slow-loris-nycticebus-coucang" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">564</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7471</span> Effect of Microstructure of Graphene Oxide Fabricated through Different Self-Assembly Techniques on Alcohol Dehydration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei-Song%20Hung">Wei-Song Hung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We utilized pressure, vacuum, and evaporation-assisted self-assembly techniques through which graphene oxide (GO) was deposited on modified polyacrylonitrile (mPAN). The fabricated composite GO/mPAN membranes were applied to dehydrate 1-butanol mixtures by pervaporation. Varying driving forces in the self-assembly techniques induced different GO assembly layer microstructures. XRD results indicated that the GO layer d-spacing varied from 8.3 Å to 11.5 Å. The self-assembly technique with evaporation resulted in a heterogeneous GO layer with loop structures; this layer was shown to be hydrophobic, in contrast to the hydrophilic layer formed from the other two techniques. From the pressure-assisted technique, the composite membrane exhibited exceptional pervaporation performance at 30 C: concentration of water at the permeate side = 99.6 wt% and permeation flux = 2.54 kg m-2 h-1. Moreover, the membrane sustained its operating stability at a high temperature of 70 C: a high water concentration of 99.5 wt% was maintained, and a permeation flux as high as 4.34 kg m-2 h-1 was attained. This excellent separation performance stemmed from the dense, highly ordered laminate structure of GO. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene%20oxide" title="graphene oxide">graphene oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-assembly" title=" self-assembly"> self-assembly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alcohol%20dehydration" title=" alcohol dehydration"> alcohol dehydration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyacrylonitrile%20%28mPAN%29" title=" polyacrylonitrile (mPAN)"> polyacrylonitrile (mPAN)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20913/effect-of-microstructure-of-graphene-oxide-fabricated-through-different-self-assembly-techniques-on-alcohol-dehydration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7470</span> Difference Between Planning Target Volume (PTV) Based Slow-Ct and Internal Target Volume (ITV) Based 4DCT Imaging Techniques in Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Lung Cancer: A Comparative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madhumita%20Sahu">Madhumita Sahu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Tiwary"> S. S. Tiwary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Radiotherapy of Carcinoma Lung has always been difficult and a matter of great concern. The significant movement due to fractional motion caused due to non-rhythmic respiratory motion poses a great challenge for the treatment of Lung cancer using Ionizing Radiation. The present study compares the accuracy in the measurement of Target Volume using Slow-CT and 4DCT Imaging in SBRT for Lung Tumor. The experimental samples were extracted from patients with Lung Cancer who underwent SBRT. Slow-CT and 4DCT images were acquired under free breathing for each patient. PTV were delineated on Slow CT images. Similarly, ITV was also delineated on each of the 4DCT volumes. Volumetric and Statistical analysis were performed for each patient by measuring corresponding PTV and ITV volumes. The study showed (1) The Maximum Deviation observed between Slow-CT-based PTV and 4DCT imaging-based ITV is 248.58 cc. (2) The Minimum Deviation observed between Slow-CT-based PTV and 4DCT imaging-based ITV is 5.22 cc. (3) The Mean Deviation observed between Slow-CT-based PTV and 4DCT imaging-based ITV is 63.21 cc. The present study concludes that irradiated volume ITV with 4DCT is less as compared to the PTV with Slow-CT. A better and more precise treatment could be given more accurately with 4DCT Imaging by sparing 63.21 CC of mean body volume. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CT%20imaging" title="CT imaging">CT imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4DCT%20imaging" title=" 4DCT imaging"> 4DCT imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20cancer" title=" lung cancer"> lung cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20analysis" title=" statistical analysis"> statistical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191158/difference-between-planning-target-volume-ptv-based-slow-ct-and-internal-target-volume-itv-based-4dct-imaging-techniques-in-stereotactic-body-radiotherapy-for-lung-cancer-a-comparative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191158.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">24</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7469</span> Trapping Efficiency of Highly Effective Slow Released Formulations of Biodegradable Waxes with Methyl Eugenol Against Bactrocera zonata </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Afzal%20Naveed">Waleed Afzal Naveed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammd%20Dildar%20Gogi"> Muhammd Dildar Gogi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubashir%20Iqbal"> Mubashir Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Junaid%20Nisar"> Muhammad Junaid Nisar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Hamza%20Khaliq"> Muhammad Hamza Khaliq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faisal%20Munir"> Faisal Munir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of highly effective Slow-Released Formulations (SRF) of Methyl eugenol with Lanolin wax, Candellila wax, Bee-wax, Carnauba wax and paraffin wax in the orchard of University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan against fruit flies. The waxes were mixed with methyl eugenol in 1:9 ratio. The results revealed that SRF of Candellila, Paraffin, Bees and Carnauba wax attracted 13.77, 11, 8.15 and 7.23 flies/day/trap which was 2.6, 2, 1.5 and 1.4 times higher than standard respectively and exhibited 41.42%, 32.05%, 20.98% and 12.87% attractive index respectively, proved moderately attractive slow-released formulation to B. zonata and was catagorized as Class-II slow-released formulation (AI = 11-50%). However, SRF of Lanolin wax trapped 1.81 flies/day/trap which was 3 times less than standard and exhibited -61.86% attractive index proved little or non attractive slow-released formulation and was categorized as Class-I slow-released formulation for B. zonata (AI < 11%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradable%20waxes" title="biodegradable waxes">biodegradable waxes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow-released%20formulation" title=" slow-released formulation"> slow-released formulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bactrocera%20zonata" title=" Bactrocera zonata"> Bactrocera zonata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methyl%20euginol" title=" methyl euginol"> methyl euginol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97345/trapping-efficiency-of-highly-effective-slow-released-formulations-of-biodegradable-waxes-with-methyl-eugenol-against-bactrocera-zonata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97345.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7468</span> Modeling Slow Crack Growth under Thermal and Chemical Effects for Fitness Predictions of High-Density Polyethylene Material</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luis%20Marquez">Luis Marquez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ge%20Zhu"> Ge Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vikas%20Srivastava"> Vikas Srivastava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is one of the most commonly used thermoplastic polymer materials for water and gas pipelines. Slow crack growth failure is a well-known phenomenon in high-density polyethylene material and causes brittle failure well below the yield point with no obvious sign. The failure of transportation pipelines can cause catastrophic environmental and economic consequences. Using the non-destructive testing method to predict slow crack growth failure behavior is the primary preventative measurement employed by the pipeline industry but is often costly and time-consuming. Phenomenological slow crack growth models are useful to predict the slow crack growth behavior in the polymer material due to their ability to evaluate slow crack growth under different temperature and loading conditions. We developed a quantitative method to assess the slow crack growth behavior in the high-density polyethylene pipeline material under different thermal conditions based on existing physics-based phenomenological models. We are also working on developing an experimental protocol and quantitative model that can address slow crack growth behavior under different chemical exposure conditions to improve the safety, reliability, and resilience of HDPE-based pipeline infrastructure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanics%20of%20materials" title="mechanics of materials">mechanics of materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physics-based%20modeling" title=" physics-based modeling"> physics-based modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civil%20engineering" title=" civil engineering"> civil engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture%20mechanics" title=" fracture mechanics"> fracture mechanics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137074/modeling-slow-crack-growth-under-thermal-and-chemical-effects-for-fitness-predictions-of-high-density-polyethylene-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137074.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7467</span> Assesment of Trapping Efficiency of Slow Released Formulations of Methyl Euginol with Carnauba Wax against Bactrocera zonata</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Afzal%20Naveed">Waleed Afzal Naveed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammd%20Dildar%20Gogi"> Muhammd Dildar Gogi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sufian"> Muhammad Sufian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Junaid%20Nisar"> Muhammad Junaid Nisar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubashir%20Iqbal"> Mubashir Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20Muhammad%20Waqas%20Amjad"> Hafiz Muhammad Waqas Amjad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Hamza%20Khaliq"> Muhammad Hamza Khaliq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Present study was carried out to evaluate the performance of Slow-Released Formulations (SRF) of methyl eugenol with Carnauba wax in orchard of University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan against fruit flies. Carnauba wax was mixed with methyl eugenol in nine ratios (10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20 and 90:10). The results revealed that SRFCN-9 trapped 35.3 flies/day/trap, exhibited an attractancy index (AI) of 50.35%, proved strongly attractive SRFCN for B. zonata and was categorized as Class-III slow-released formulation (Attractive Index > 50%). The SRFCN-1, SRFCN-2, SRFCN-3, SRFCN-4, SRFCN-5, SRFCN-6, SRFCN-7 and SRFCN-8 trapped 2.0, 5.3, 3.3, 4.0, 5.7, 12.0, 9.7 and 14.3 flies/day/trap respectively exhibited an attractancy index (AI) of -70.73%, -37.25%, -55.55%, -48.93%, -34.61%, 1.40%, -9.37% and 10.25% Attractive Index respectively, proved little or non attractive slow-released formulation and was categorized as Class-I slow-released formulation for B. zonata (Attractive Index < 11%). Results revealed that the Slow-Released Formulation containing 10% Carnauba wax with 90% methyl eugenol trapped maximum number of flies of over 30 days. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow-released%20formulation" title="slow-released formulation">slow-released formulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bactrocera%20zonata" title=" Bactrocera zonata"> Bactrocera zonata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carnauba%20wax" title=" Carnauba wax"> Carnauba wax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methyl%20euginol" title=" methyl euginol"> methyl euginol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97337/assesment-of-trapping-efficiency-of-slow-released-formulations-of-methyl-euginol-with-carnauba-wax-against-bactrocera-zonata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97337.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7466</span> Analysis of Sweat Evaporation and Heat Transfer on Skin Surface: A Pointwise Numerical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Utsav%20Swarnkar">Utsav Swarnkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabi%20Pathak"> Rabi Pathak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rina%20Maiti"> Rina Maiti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to investigate the thermoregulatory role of sweating by comprehensively analyzing the evaporation process and its thermal cooling impact on local skin temperature at various time intervals. Traditional experimental methods struggle to fully capture these intricate phenomena. Therefore, numerical simulations play a crucial role in assessing sweat production rates and associated thermal cooling. This research utilizes transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to enhance our understanding of the evaporative cooling process on human skin. We conducted a simulation employing the k-w SST turbulence model. This simulation includes a scenario where sweat evaporation occurs over the skin surface, and at particular time intervals, temperatures at different locations have been observed and its effect explained. During this study, sweat evaporation was monitored on the skin surface following the commencement of the simulation. Subsequent to the simulation, various observations were made regarding temperature fluctuations at specific points over time intervals. It was noted that points situated closer to the periphery of the droplets exhibited higher levels of heat transfer and lower temperatures, whereas points within the droplets displayed contrasting trends. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sweat" title=" sweat"> sweat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporation" title=" evaporation"> evaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiphase%20flow" title=" multiphase flow"> multiphase flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20heat%20loss" title=" local heat loss"> local heat loss</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182975/analysis-of-sweat-evaporation-and-heat-transfer-on-skin-surface-a-pointwise-numerical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182975.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7465</span> Elasto-Viscoplastic Constitutive Modelling of Slow-Moving Landslides</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepak%20Raj%20Bhat">Deepak Raj Bhat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazushige%20Hayashi"> Kazushige Hayashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yorihiro%20Tanaka"> Yorihiro Tanaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeru%20Ogita"> Shigeru Ogita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akihiko%20Wakai"> Akihiko Wakai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Slow-moving landslides are one of the major natural disasters in mountainous regions. Therefore, study of the creep displacement behaviour of a landslide and associated geological and geotechnical issues seem important. This study has addressed and evaluated the slow-moving behaviour of landslide using the 2D-FEM based Elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model. To our based knowledge, two new control constitutive parameters were incorporated in the numerical model for the first time to better understand the slow-moving behaviour of a landslide. First, the predicted time histories of horizontal displacement of the landslide are presented and discussed, which may be useful for landslide displacement prediction in the future. Then, the simulation results of deformation pattern and shear strain pattern is presented and discussed. Moreover, the possible failure mechanism along the slip surface of such landslide is discussed based on the simulation results. It is believed that this study will be useful to understand the slow-moving behaviour of landslides, and at the same time, long-term monitoring and management of the landslide disaster will be much easier. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title="numerical simulation">numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20water%20fluctuations" title=" ground water fluctuations"> ground water fluctuations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elasto-viscoplastic%20model" title=" elasto-viscoplastic model"> elasto-viscoplastic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow-moving%20behaviour" title=" slow-moving behaviour"> slow-moving behaviour</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173306/elasto-viscoplastic-constitutive-modelling-of-slow-moving-landslides" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173306.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7464</span> Numerical Investigation of the Flow Characteristics inside the Scrubber Unit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumaresh%20Selvakumar">Kumaresh Selvakumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Man%20Young%20Kim"> Man Young Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wet scrubbers have found widespread use in cleaning contaminated gas streams because of their ability to remove particulates and based on the applications of scrubbing of marine engine exhaust gases by spraying sea-water. In order to examine the flow characteristics inside the scrubber, the model is designated with flow properties of hot air and water sprayer. The flow dynamics of evaporation of hot air by the injection of water droplets is the key factor considered in this paper. The flow behavior inside the scrubber was investigated from the previous works and to sum up the evaporation rate with respect to the concentration of water droplets are predicted to bring out the competent modelling. The numerical analysis using CFD facilitates in understanding the problem better and empathies the behavior of the model over its entire operating envelope. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration%20of%20water%20droplets" title="concentration of water droplets">concentration of water droplets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporation%20rate" title=" evaporation rate"> evaporation rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scrubber" title=" scrubber"> scrubber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20sprayer" title=" water sprayer"> water sprayer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21713/numerical-investigation-of-the-flow-characteristics-inside-the-scrubber-unit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7463</span> Experimental Testing of a Synthetic Mulch to Reduce Runoff and Evaporative Water Losses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasmeen%20Saleem">Yasmeen Saleem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20%20Berliner"> Pedro Berliner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurit%20Agam"> Nurit Agam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The most severe limitation for plant production in arid areas is water. Rainfall events are rare but can have pulses of high intensity. As a result, crusts are formed, which decreases infiltration into the soil, and results additionally in erosive losses of soil. Direct evaporation of water from the wetted soil can account for large fractions of the water stored in the soil. Different kinds of mulches have been used to decrease the loss of water in arid and semi-arid region. This study aims to evaluate the effect of polystyrene styrofoam pellets mulch on soil infiltration, runoff, and evaporation as a more efficient and economically viable mulch alternative. Polystyrene styrofoam pellets of two sizes (0.5 and 1 cm diameter) will be placed on top of the soil in two mulch layer depths (1 and 2 cm), in addition to the non-mulched treatment. The rainfall simulator will be used as an artificial source of rain. The preliminary results in the prototype experiment indicate that polystyrene styrofoam pellets decreased runoff, increased soil-water infiltration. We are still testing the effect of these pellets on decreasing the soil-water evaporation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthetic%20mulch" title="synthetic mulch">synthetic mulch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=runoff" title=" runoff"> runoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporation" title=" evaporation"> evaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infiltration" title=" infiltration"> infiltration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113759/experimental-testing-of-a-synthetic-mulch-to-reduce-runoff-and-evaporative-water-losses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113759.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow%20evaporation%20technique&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow%20evaporation%20technique&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow%20evaporation%20technique&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow%20evaporation%20technique&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow%20evaporation%20technique&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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