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leading-tight break-words md:text-4xl lg:text-5xl xl:text-6xl ">卡塔尔：国际足联世界杯揭幕未予移工赔偿</h1> <p class="news-header__subtitle text-base md:text-2xl ">本届赛会功臣移住劳工：”是我们盖起那些大楼” </p> </div> <div class="hrw-share hrw-share--gray flex lg:hidden"><p class="minimal-share"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/news/2022/11/19/qatar-fifa-world-cup-opens-without-remedy-migrants" title="Share this via Facebook" class="facebook ms-icon" data-ms="facebook"> <span class="sr-only">Share this via Facebook</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 571.4 1000" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M535.2 6.7V154h-87.7q-47.9 0-64.7 20.1t-16.7 60.3v105.4h163.5L507.8 505H366.1v423.6H195.3V505H53V339.8h142.3V218.2q0-103.8 58-161T407.9 0Q490 0 535.2 6.7z" /></svg> </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=卡塔尔：国际足联世界杯揭幕未予移工赔偿&url=https://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/news/2022/11/19/qatar-fifa-world-cup-opens-without-remedy-migrants" 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data-responsive-image-style="embedded_images" loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/embed_xxl/public/media_2022/11/202210MENA_Nepal_World_Cup.jpg?itok=aIEc8Msp" alt="202210MENA_Nepal_World_Cup"> <div class="figure__expand absolute block bottom-0 right-0 w-8 h-8 bg-white text-gray-700"> <span class="sr-only">Click to expand Image</span> <div class="icon fill-current w-full inline-block"> <svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" role="img" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/hrw_design/dist/app-drupal/assets/spritemap.svg?cacheBuster=240611#sprite-expand" /> </svg> </div> </div> </a> </div> <figcaption class="figure__info text-left font-serif text-xs md:text-sm lg:text-base mx-auto text-gray-700 mt-1"> <span class="figure__credit">© 2022 Human Rights Watch</span> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <p>（贝鲁特）－人权观察今天表示，卡塔尔和国际足联直至<a href="https://www.hrw.org/tag/fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022">世界杯</a>开幕前夕仍未承诺对受虐和不明原因死亡的移住劳工提供赔偿。本届世界杯缺少移住劳工即无法办成。移住劳工、移工家属、新闻记者和来源国劳工问题专家曾抗议人权侵犯并呼吁成立赔偿基金，得到来自15国民众、逾12个足球协会、五家赞助商、多位政治领袖、顶尖球员与广大球迷支持。</p> <p>国际足联世界杯于2022年11月20日开幕，主办国卡塔尔全靠数百万移住劳工贡献劳力才能接待史无前例的120万名游客。来自南亚、东南亚和非洲各移工来源国支持为工作中受虐或死亡的移工及其家属提供金钱赔偿的人士，于11月17日发表一支5分钟<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzjdQe8Ypkk">影片</a>并举办<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=enyBoK-2wvc">记者会</a>，呼吁国际足联和卡塔尔采取行动。</p> <p>“世界杯开幕同时，移住劳工、移工家属、球员和球迷都将为本届赛会的人类代价感到巨大遗憾，” 人权观察中东与北非部副主任迈可・佩吉（<a href="https://www.hrw.org/about/people/michael-page">Michael Page</a>）说。“由于国际足联进帐数十亿美元却没有提供赔偿，人们在卡塔尔举目所见——每条公路、每座球场——都令人想到这群移住劳工，他们帮助赛会顺利举行却被克扣工资，甚至丧生后家属未得赔偿。”</p> <p>近六个月以来，人权观察与多个人权团体组成联盟发起<a href="https://www.hrw.org/PayUpFIFA">全球运动</a>，呼吁国际足联和卡塔尔当局赔偿各国移工在过去12年来遭受的各种人权侵犯，包括克扣工资、工作伤害和未获抚恤死亡。</p> <p>卡塔尔政府近年实施重大<a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/08/12/fifa/qatar-commit-compensate-abused-migrant-workers">劳动改革</a>，但因来得太迟、范围太窄或执行力度不足，以致许多劳工无法从中受益。“卡塔尔世界杯最可悲的一环［就是〕这些改革大多只是为了封堵来自其他国家的批评意见，” 关注卡塔尔劳工受虐问题的乌干达记者亚斯因・卡康迪（Yasin Kakande）说。“相关改革在幅度上大多不足以帮助劳工免于制度侵害。”</p> <p>今年11月，卡塔尔当局<a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/11/02/why-qatar-opposing-remedy-fund-migrant-workers">拒绝</a>提供赔偿，称相关呼吁为“<a href="https://sports.yahoo.com/qatar-rejects-compensation-fund-world-123802732.html">宣传噱头</a>” 。国际足联则表示不排除提供赔偿，但直到开幕赛前仍未公开承诺设立赔偿基金。国际足联传统上会捐赠设立世界杯持续发展基金（legacy funds）以支持历届赛后相关活动，包括赠予<a href="https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/south_african_soccer_receives_100_million_world_cup_legacy_fund/">南非</a>、<a href="https://www.fifa.com/news/legacy-fund-makes-further-strides-in-brazil">巴西</a>和<a href="https://independent.ng/fifa-to-hand-russia-60m-for-world-cup-legacy-fund/">俄罗斯</a>合计2.6亿美元。</p> <p>“是我们盖起那些摩天大楼，” 一位尼泊尔移工<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzjdQe8Ypkk">告诉</a>人权观察。他表示，14年前他初次来到卡塔尔时，多哈附近的卢赛尔（Lusail）地区还是一片荒芜，现在则已高楼林立。他还说，在卡塔尔的酷热环境下工作时，他常要”脱鞋倒出里面的［汗〕水。”</p> <p>过去12年来，记者、社工和公民社会组织不断对卡塔尔的人权侵犯发出警告，为移住劳工的遭遇留下纪录，共同为移工提供援助，帮助他们撤离或将遗体送还家属。许多人都曾要求卡塔尔和国际足联为人权侵害提供赔偿。</p> <p>“世界杯从2010年开始，现在已是2022年，” 印度移住劳工记者雷吉蒙・库达班（Rejimonn Kuttapan）说。“20天之内，［本届赛会〕一切就要结束。我们不应遗忘迄今牺牲的数千条生命。”</p> <p>前移工兰姆・普卡尔・萨哈尼（Ram Pukar Sahani）曾在卡塔尔体育馆工作，其父甘噶・萨哈尼（Ganga Sahani）死于同一工地。他说：“我父亲身穿制服［在建筑工地〕工作的时候突然过世。我有拍下照片。但死亡证明说他是心脏衰竭自然死亡。”</p> <p>兰姆・普卡尔・萨哈尼一家人没有因为他的父亲死亡而得到雇主或卡塔尔政府的赔偿。他父亲的雇主甚至懒得打通电话向家属通知死讯或表示哀悼。</p> <p>“国际足联和卡塔尔似乎企图拖延时间，使世人关注由移工赔偿问题转向球赛激情，” 佩吉说。 “但许多人在观赏球赛的同时不会忘记死去的工人，以及顿失经济支柱而陷入困境、没钱为孩子交学费的家庭。”</p> <p>孟加拉发展倡导组织BRAC移工与青年专案负责人沙瑞夫・哈山（Shariful Hasan）表示，近十年来死于卡塔尔的孟加拉劳工超过1,300人，死因多半被记载为心脏病发。 “我们必须给死者一个交代——不仅发生在卡塔尔，还有其他中东国家，” 他说。“我们不能忘记这个伤痛。⋯⋯不仅是移工的辛苦劳动，而且是他们的鲜血，他们的生命。”</p> <p>“因2022世界杯而来的各种非人待遇以及许多家庭失去亲人之苦，不可能跟着本届赛会一起落幕，” 佩吉说。“但卡塔尔和国际足联还有机会亡羊补牢，向过程中受到伤害的劳工及其家属提供赔偿，并推动改革为虐待移住劳工的行为划下句点。”</p> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div 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