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Anand Panyarachun - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anand_Panyarachun" title="Anand Panyarachun – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Anand Panyarachun" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%86" title="أناند بانياراتشون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أناند بانياراتشون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anand_Panyarachun" title="Anand Panyarachun – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Anand Panyarachun" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anand_Panyarachun" title="Anand Panyarachun – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Anand Panyarachun" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anand_Panyarachun" title="Anand Panyarachun – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Anand Panyarachun" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anand_Panyarachun" title="Anand Panyarachun – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anand Panyarachun" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anand_Panyarachun" title="Anand Panyarachun – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Anand Panyarachun" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="آناند پانیاراچون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آناند پانیاراچون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anan_Panyarachun" title="Anan Panyarachun – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anan Panyarachun" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%82%9C_%EB%B9%A4%EC%95%BC%EB%9D%BC%EC%B6%98" title="아난 빤야라춘 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아난 빤야라춘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anand_Panyarachun" title="Anand Panyarachun – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anand Panyarachun" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99_%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%99" title="ອານັນ ປັນຍາຣະຊຸນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອານັນ ປັນຍາຣະຊຸນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%86" title="اناند بانياراتشون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اناند بانياراتشون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%97%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%86%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="အာနာန် ဗညာရဆုန် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="အာနာန် ဗညာရဆုန်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8A%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%91%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%83%B3" title="アナン・パンヤーラチュン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アナン・パンヤーラチュン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%91_%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%93" title="អាន័ន្ទ បន្យារជុន – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អាន័ន្ទ បន្យារជុន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Панъярачун, Анан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Панъярачун, Анан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anand_Panyarachun" title="Anand Panyarachun – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Anand Panyarachun" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99" title="อานันท์ ปันยารชุน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อานันท์ ปันยารชุน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Анан Паньярачун – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Анан Паньярачун" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anand_Panyarachun" title="Anand Panyarachun – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Anand Panyarachun" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anand_Panyarachun" title="Anand Panyarachun – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Anand Panyarachun" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%97%C2%B7%E7%8F%AD%E9%9B%85%E6%8B%89%E6%98%A5" title="阿南·班雅拉春 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿南·班雅拉春" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q485702#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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.infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div style="display:inline-block; font-size:125%;" class="fn">Anand Panyarachun</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname">อานันท์ ปันยารชุน</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Anand_Panyarachun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Anand_Panyarachun.jpg/220px-Anand_Panyarachun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Anand_Panyarachun.jpg/330px-Anand_Panyarachun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Anand_Panyarachun.jpg/440px-Anand_Panyarachun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1158" data-file-height="1629" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Thailand">18th</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Prime Minister of Thailand">Prime Minister of Thailand</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />2 March 1991&#160;–&#32;23 March 1992</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bhumibol_Adulyadej" title="Bhumibol Adulyadej">Bhumibol Adulyadej</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chatichai_Choonhavan" title="Chatichai Choonhavan">Chatichai Choonhavan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Suchinda_Kraprayoon" title="Suchinda Kraprayoon">Suchinda Kraprayoon</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />10 June 1992&#160;–&#32;22 September 1992</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bhumibol_Adulyadej" title="Bhumibol Adulyadej">Bhumibol Adulyadej</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Meechai_Ruchuphan" title="Meechai Ruchuphan">Meechai Ruchuphan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Acting)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chuan_Leekpai" title="Chuan Leekpai">Chuan Leekpai</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1932-08-09</span>) </span>9 August 1932<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;92)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="Siam">Siam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thai_people" title="Thai people">Thai</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">M.R. Sodsri Panyarachun (née Chakrabandhu)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diplomat" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomat">Diplomat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Anand Panyarachun&#39;s signature"><img alt="" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9.png/256px-%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="187" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volunteer_Defense_Corps_(Thailand)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Volunteer Defense Corps (Thailand) (not yet started)">Volunteer Defense Corps</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volunteer_Defense_Corps_(Thailand)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Volunteer Defense Corps (Thailand) (not yet started)">VDC Gen.</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Anand Panyarachun</b> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: <span lang="th">อานันท์ ปันยารชุน</span>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription" title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription">RTGS</a>: <i>Anan Panyarachun</i>, <small>pronounced&#160;</small><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:IPA_for_Thai_and_Lao" class="extiw" title="en:WP:IPA for Thai and Lao">[ʔāː.nān pān.jāː.rā.t͡ɕʰūn]</a></span>; born 9 August 1932) is a Thai politician. He was the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Prime Minister of Thailand">Prime Minister</a> between 1991–1992 and again during the latter half of 1992. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anand_Panyarachun&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anand_Panyarachun&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180706162059/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2534/D/090/4686.PDF">"ราชกิจจานุเบกษา"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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